木醋液对碱性土壤微生物数量及酶活性的影响
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中国环境科学 2017,37(2)：696~701
China Environmental Science
木醋液对碱性土壤微生物数量及酶活性的影响
程 虎 1,2,3,王紫泉 1,周 琨 1,钱 爽 1,卞永荣 2,和文祥 1*,吕家珑 1 (1.西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕
西 杨凌 712100；2. 中国科学院南京土壤研究所中国科学院土壤环境与污染修复重点实验室,江苏 南京 210008； 3.中国科学院大学,北京 100049)
况变差,容易造成作物与微生物竞争营养物质.因此木醋液的施用要注意浓度的大小以及氮元素的供给.
关键词：木醋液；塿土；微生物；土壤酶活性
中图Байду номын сангаас类号：X712,S154.3
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-6923(2017)02-0696-06
Effects of pyroligneous acid on quantity of microorganism and enzyme activity in alkaline soil. CHENG Hu1,2,3, WANG Zi-quan1, ZHOU Kun1, QIAN Shuang1, BIAN Yong-rong2, HE Wen-xiang1*, LÜ Jia-long1 (1.College of Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China；2.Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China；3.University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China). China Environmental Science, 2017,37(2)：696~701 Abstract：A laboratory incubation experiment was conducted to explore the effects of different concentrations of pyroligneous acid on quantities of microorganism and enzyme activity in alkaline soil. Results showed that the quantity of fungi and bacteria in alkaline soil were significantly increased with the presence of pyroligneous acid. Besides, soil enzyme activity was effectively activated within three days. Soil invertase, urease, alkaline phosphatase and dehydrogenase activity were increased to some extent respectively. However, microbial activity in alkaline soils was partly inhibited by high-concentration of pyroligneous acid in a short time. The demand of microbial growth for nitrogen nutrient was increased with the addition of pyroligneous acid, which would cause nutrition competition between crop and microorganism especially in the later incubation period. Consequently, attention should be paid to the concentration of pyroligneous acid and the application of nitrogen to soil simultaneously when using pyroligneous acid. Key words：pyroligneous acid；Lou soil；microorganism；soil enzyme activity
摘要：采用室内培养方法,研究了添加不同浓度木醋液对碱性土壤微生物区系和土壤酶活性的影响.结果表明:培养期内,添加木醋液可显著
增加碱性土壤中真菌、细菌的数量,且在 3d 内有效激活土壤酶活性,土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶、碱性磷酸酶和脱氢酶活性均有不同程度的增加;
添加高浓度木醋液,短期内抑制碱性土壤中部分微生物活性;添加木醋液使微生物生长对氮元素的需求增加,特别是培养后期,土壤营养状
木醋液是木材在碳化或干馏过程中产生的 烟气经冷凝回流和再分离得到的有机混合物,又 被称作植物酸,主要成分是乙酸,含有少量酮类、 酚类、酯类、醛类、醇类以及微量金属元素[1-2]. 木醋液直接来源于天然木材,是一种绿色产品,同 时,也是对木材生产加工过程中产生废气的回收 应用.因此,木醋液的相关研究与应用对环境保护 和绿色农业的推广具有重要意义.
有研究表明木醋液施用于土壤中,能够改变 土壤理化性质,显著增加土壤有效态养分含 量 [3-4],提高土壤微生物数量[5-7],促进植物生长和
品质提升.土壤微生物是土壤生物活性的根本,其 数量直接反映土壤质量状况,是土壤环境质量评 价的重要生物学指标之一.土壤酶是土壤中的生 物催化剂,在物质循环,能量交换和环境净化等过 程中发挥重要作用,是衡量土壤质量水平的关键 指标[8-10].土壤微生物区系和土壤酶活性均易受 外源物质的影响[11-13].中国西北土壤为石灰性土
China Environmental Science
木醋液对碱性土壤微生物数量及酶活性的影响
程 虎 1,2,3,王紫泉 1,周 琨 1,钱 爽 1,卞永荣 2,和文祥 1*,吕家珑 1 (1.西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕
西 杨凌 712100；2. 中国科学院南京土壤研究所中国科学院土壤环境与污染修复重点实验室,江苏 南京 210008； 3.中国科学院大学,北京 100049)
况变差,容易造成作物与微生物竞争营养物质.因此木醋液的施用要注意浓度的大小以及氮元素的供给.
关键词：木醋液；塿土；微生物；土壤酶活性
中图Байду номын сангаас类号：X712,S154.3
文献标识码：A
文章编号：1000-6923(2017)02-0696-06
Effects of pyroligneous acid on quantity of microorganism and enzyme activity in alkaline soil. CHENG Hu1,2,3, WANG Zi-quan1, ZHOU Kun1, QIAN Shuang1, BIAN Yong-rong2, HE Wen-xiang1*, LÜ Jia-long1 (1.College of Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China；2.Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China；3.University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China). China Environmental Science, 2017,37(2)：696~701 Abstract：A laboratory incubation experiment was conducted to explore the effects of different concentrations of pyroligneous acid on quantities of microorganism and enzyme activity in alkaline soil. Results showed that the quantity of fungi and bacteria in alkaline soil were significantly increased with the presence of pyroligneous acid. Besides, soil enzyme activity was effectively activated within three days. Soil invertase, urease, alkaline phosphatase and dehydrogenase activity were increased to some extent respectively. However, microbial activity in alkaline soils was partly inhibited by high-concentration of pyroligneous acid in a short time. The demand of microbial growth for nitrogen nutrient was increased with the addition of pyroligneous acid, which would cause nutrition competition between crop and microorganism especially in the later incubation period. Consequently, attention should be paid to the concentration of pyroligneous acid and the application of nitrogen to soil simultaneously when using pyroligneous acid. Key words：pyroligneous acid；Lou soil；microorganism；soil enzyme activity
摘要：采用室内培养方法,研究了添加不同浓度木醋液对碱性土壤微生物区系和土壤酶活性的影响.结果表明:培养期内,添加木醋液可显著
增加碱性土壤中真菌、细菌的数量,且在 3d 内有效激活土壤酶活性,土壤蔗糖酶、脲酶、碱性磷酸酶和脱氢酶活性均有不同程度的增加;
添加高浓度木醋液,短期内抑制碱性土壤中部分微生物活性;添加木醋液使微生物生长对氮元素的需求增加,特别是培养后期,土壤营养状
木醋液是木材在碳化或干馏过程中产生的 烟气经冷凝回流和再分离得到的有机混合物,又 被称作植物酸,主要成分是乙酸,含有少量酮类、 酚类、酯类、醛类、醇类以及微量金属元素[1-2]. 木醋液直接来源于天然木材,是一种绿色产品,同 时,也是对木材生产加工过程中产生废气的回收 应用.因此,木醋液的相关研究与应用对环境保护 和绿色农业的推广具有重要意义.
有研究表明木醋液施用于土壤中,能够改变 土壤理化性质,显著增加土壤有效态养分含 量 [3-4],提高土壤微生物数量[5-7],促进植物生长和
品质提升.土壤微生物是土壤生物活性的根本,其 数量直接反映土壤质量状况,是土壤环境质量评 价的重要生物学指标之一.土壤酶是土壤中的生 物催化剂,在物质循环,能量交换和环境净化等过 程中发挥重要作用,是衡量土壤质量水平的关键 指标[8-10].土壤微生物区系和土壤酶活性均易受 外源物质的影响[11-13].中国西北土壤为石灰性土