名词性从句

第十一单元
名词性从句
★．名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句。

其关联词有：
1、连接词：that, if, whether
2、疑问代词：who, whom, what, which+n(哪一)
3、疑问副词：when, where, why, how 等
一、主语从句
1.主语从句在句中作主语。

它可以放在主句谓语动词之前。

但多数情况由it作形式主语，而把主语从句放在主句之后。

例如：
That he did it is known to all.
=it is known to all that he did it
Whether you like him or not doesn’t matters
=it doesn’t matters whether you like him or not
2.用it作形式主语的主语从句有：
①It + be +形容词（true, certain, possible, likely, probable, obvious, surprising, natural, etc.）+ that从句。

例如：
_________________(肯定) that she will do well in her exam.
________________（很可能) that he told her everything.
②It + be +名词词组（no wonder, an honor, a shame, a pity,, etc.）+ that从句。

例如：
_______________ ( 很遗憾) that we can't go.
________________( 这不惊奇) that our team should have won the game.
③It + be +过去分词（said, reported, hoped, believed, thought, expected, known, etc.）+ that从句。

例如：
_____________(据说) that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing.
_____________(人们相信) that wild animals will be protected well.
④It + seem, happen等不及物动词（短语）+ that从句。

例如：
___________________(好象) Alice is not going to the party at all.
___________________(碰巧) I was out that day.
二、表语从句
表语从句在句中作表语，位于主句中的系动词之后。

例如：
The question is who can finish the task ahead of time.
My doubt is whether their team can win the match.
三、同位语从句
1. 同位语从句一般跟在某些表示抽象概念的名词后面，用以说明名词所表示的具体内容。

常跟同位语从句的名词主要有：idea, news, fact, order, thought, truth, promise, belief, doubt, fear, hope, problem, question, suggestion,等。

2. that引导的同位语从句：that既无语法功能（不能充当句子成分），也无词汇意义，只是引导词。

例如：
We heard the news that he was elected president last week.
We must face the fact that we have used up all the money
We have no idea when the foreign guests will arrive.
3：同位语从句与定语从句的区别：
①同位语从句对名词作补充说明或解释；定语从句对先行词进行修饰或限制，相当与一个形容词的作用。

②同位语从句一般用that引导。

That无意义，不充当任何句子成分（即从句的结构完整），而且不能省略；而定语从句中that，在从句中作主语或宾语（即从句缺主/宾语），作宾语时that可省去。

Eg: The order came______ we should start off immediately.
The order came______ was very important to the soldiers.
四、宾语从句
1.定义：在复合句中充当宾语的句子叫做宾语从句。

2.位置：宾语从句通常位于及物动词、介词和某些形容词之后, 如sure, glad, certain, pleased, happy, afraid, surprised, satisfied等，连词that可省略。

3. 有时用it 作形式宾语，真正的宾语放在句末，其结构为：S+ find/make/think + it + adj/n＋从句。

例如：The little boy didn’t know what he should buy
We haven’t decided where the party should be held.
I’m sure that he will persuade his mom to learn skating
I think it important that we should protect our environment.
五：只用whether的情况：
①在主语，表语从句和同位语从句中。

The question is ____________ the film is worth seeing.
The news ______________ our team has won the match is unknown.
______________ we shall attend the meeting hasn't been decided yet.
②在介词之后。

It all depends (on) _____________ they will support us.
③后面直接跟动词不定式时。

He doesn't know ________________ to stay or not.
④后面紧跟or not时。

We didn't know _____________ or not she was ready.
注意：关联词if, whether都可以用的情况：
①引导宾语从句时。

例如：I wonder ________________ the news is true or not.
六．虚拟语气
凡是表“要求，建议，命令”之意的动词接that从句时，从句中要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形）。

这些动词有：suggest, suggestion, order, demand, require, insist(坚持认为/要求), request, command(命令), propose，proposal, advice, advise, urge, recommend 等。

例如：
We suggested that we __________________(have) a meeting.
We insisted ___________________________(他和我们一起去).
The young man demanded that _______________________(派他到西藏工作).
The order came that _______________________________(部队马上撤退).
注意; 名词性从句中要用陈述语序
综合练习
1. These photographs will show you ______________
A. what does our village look like
B. what our village looks like
C. how does our village look like
D. how our village looks like
2. Can you make sure ____________ the gold ring?
A. where Alice had put
B. where had Alice put
C. where Alice has put
D. where has Alice put
3. He asked ____________ for the violin.
A. did I pay how much
B. I paid how much
C. how much did I pay
D. how much I paid
4. --- I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
--- Is that _________ you had a few days off?
A. why
B. when
C. what
D. where
5. _______ the old man's sons wanted to know was _______ the gold had been hidden.
A. That; what
B. What; where
C. What; that
D. What; if
6. __________ troubles him is the thought ___________.
A. That; they broke the rule
B. That; they obeyed the rule
C. What; they broke the rule
D. What; they obeyed the rule
7. The reason ________ he didn't come to school was ________ he was ill.
A. that; that
B. why; that
C. that; because
D. why; because
8. _______ fashion differs from country to country may reflect the cultural differences from one aspect.
A. What
B. That
C. This
D. Which
9. I wonder _________ we can do about it.
A. if
B. how
C. what
D. that
10. _______ made the school proud was ________ more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities.
A. What; because
B. What; that
C. That; what
D. That; because
11. We are planning to build a new bridge over the river. But the problem is _______ we are still short of money.
A. that
B. what
C. how
D. why
12. They required that they ________ as slaves.
A. were still treated
B. were not treated
C. not be treated
D. should be treated
13. Is it possible _________ he misunderstood __________ I said?
A. that; that
B. what; what
C. what; that
D. that; what
14. There is a popular belief among people _______ the colder the winter is, the better harvest we will get in next year.
A. who
B. which
C. that
D. in which
15. It is clear _____ they keep on working hard they will succeed solving the problem.
A. if
B. if that
C. that if
D. that
16. A computer can only do ________ you have instructed it to do.
A. how
B. after
C. what
D. when
17. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows ________.
A. it what to do with
B. what to it with
C. what to do with it
D. to do what with it
18. ________ he does never satisfies his daughter.
A. No matter what
B. whatever
C. Whichever
D. which。