英语的五种基本句型讲解-ppt(精)
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英语五种基本句型及 巩固练习
A.主语 + 系动词 + 表语 （SVC） B.主语 + 不及物动词(vi.) （SV） C.主语 + 谓语动词(vt.) + 宾语 （SVO） D.主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语 + 宾语 （SVOO） E.主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 （SVOC）
英语的五种基本句型
名词性物主代 词
ours
mine yours yours its his
hers theirs
反身代词
ourselves myself yourself yourself itself himself herself themselves
指示代词 相互代词 不定代词
连接代词 关系代词 疑问代词
this, that, these, those each other, one another
• E.主语 + 动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 （SVOC） 此句型概括了这样一种情况：有些及物动 词的后面有时常带复合宾语结构（即：宾 语 + 宾语补足语）。在这一结构中，宾语 补足语是对宾语“做什么”、“怎么样” 等方面进行补充说明，从意义和结构上来 说是必不可少。在这一结构中，宾语和谓 语动词当然是“动宾关系”，而宾语和它 的补足语在逻辑上却是“主谓关系”。
3．他把车票给列车员看。 He showed the ticket to the conductor.
4．我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？ Shall I call you a taxi?
5．新式机器将会为你节省许多劳动。 The new machine will save you a lot of labors.
1．这个村子过去只有一口井。
There was only a well in the village.
2．客人当中有两名美国人和两名法国人。 Among the guests there were two Americans and two Frenchmen. 3．天气预报说下午有大风。
The weatherman says there’ll be a strong wind in the afternoon.
The guards ordered us to leave at once.
6. 每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。 Every morning we hear him read English aloud.
7．我们不会让她在晚上外出的。 We won’t let her gfall, get, grow 变得 turn , become 变成 hold, keep, 保持 remain（仍然是）, stand, stay（保持） seem看起来 smell 闻起来 , sound 听起来, taste 尝起来 feel摸起来, look看上去等。
6．我们大家都相信Jack 是一个诚实男孩。 All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy.
• D.主语 + 动词 + 宾语 + 宾语 （SVOO） 此句型中的谓语动词后接两个宾语：前一个宾语 称为“间接宾语”，多由代词或名词充当；后一 个宾语称为“直接宾语”，往往由名词充当。如：
他是一个医生。
For example:
He is a doctor. 我们是学生。
We are students. 机器运转得很好。
This machine is in good condition 他失业了
He is out of work. 丝绸摸起来又软又滑。
Silk feels soft and smooth. 花园里香气袭人。 The garden smells pleasant.
4．每天八时开始上课。
Classes begin at eight every day.
• C.主语 + 动词 + 宾语 （SVO） 这一句型中的谓语动词是及物动词，那么 它必须带有自己的宾语,否则会视为"句子不 完整"。 Tom has a brother. 汤姆有一个弟弟。
They wanted to have a rest.
There stands a hill in the middle of the park.
Once upon a time there lived an old king in the
town.
Be 与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致，有时态和情 态变化。如：
现在有 there is/are … 过去有 there was/were… 将来有 there will be…；there is /are going to be... 现在已经有 there has/have been… 可能有 there might be... 肯定有 there must be …/there must have been... 过去曾经有 there used to be … 似乎有 there seems/seem/seemed to be … 碰巧有 there happen/happens/happened to be …
他听见有人在开门。
I found myself in dark .
我发现自己还蒙在鼓里
代词
第一人称 第二人称
第三人称
人称代词主格 we I
you you it he she they
人称代词宾格 us me you you it him her them
形容词性物主代 词
our
my your your its his her their
• 宾语补足语可由名词、形容词、动词不定 式、分词或介词短语担当。
• 例如：
We elected him our monitor .
我们选他当班长。
The news made me happy .
那消息使我很高兴。
We know him to be an expert .
我们知道他是专家。
He heard somebody opening the door .
what, who, whom, which, whose 引导特殊疑问句
巩固练习：
1．我们叫她Alice. We call her Alice.
2．我们大家都认为他是诚实的。 3．他们把小偷释放了。All of us considered him honest.
They have set the thief free. 4．我要你把真相告诉我。I want you to tell me the truth. 5 .卫兵命令我们立即离开。
3．这本书他读过多次了。
He has read this book many times
4．那位先生能流利地说三种语言。
That gentleman can speak three
languages fluently.
5．我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。 I received a letter from my penfriend in Australia.
4．灯亮着，办公室里肯定有人。The light is on. There must be someone in the office. 5．战前这儿一直有家电影院的.
不及物动词；它们可以单独用，如果后面想接宾语， 动词后面必须加上介词。 { Right: He is looking around.
False: He is looking me. Right: He is looking at me. { Right: He is listening carefully. False: He is listening the teacher carefully. Right: He is listening to the teacher carefully.
• 他们想歇息一会儿。 He successfully carried out his plan . 他成 功地实行了他的计划。
1．昨晚我写了一封信。
I wrote a letter last night.
2．今天下午我想同你谈谈。
I want to talk with you this afternoon.
1．她昨天回家很晚。
She went home very late yesterday evening.
2．会议将持续两个小时。
The meeting will last (for) two hours.
3．在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大 变化。 Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years.
He brings me cookies every day.
• 但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语 （人），则要借助于介词to或for。如：
• He brings cookies to me every day.
• She made a beautiful dress for me. • 用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着
及物动词; 它们不可以单独用，后面必须跟宾语。 { False: They always want after lunch.
Right: They always want a cup of tea after lunch. { False: He is sending now.
Right: He is sending a letter now.
英语基本句型6 There be 句型 说明： 此句型是由“there+be+主语+状语” 构成，用以表达存在关系可以称“……有……”。 它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词 be 之后，there 仅为引导词，并无实际语意。 此句型有时不用be动词，而用 live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive等。如：
one, any, some, all, both, each, either, neither, none, few, little, many, much, -body, -thing, -one
what, who, which, whom, whose引导名词性从句
who, which, that, whom, whose, as 引导定语从句
• B.主语 + 动词 （SV） 本结构是由主语加不及物的谓语动词构成, 常用 来表示主语的动作。
• 如：The sun rises. Tom has already left.
• 主语可有修饰语-定语，谓语可有修饰语-状语。
如: 1. The red sun rises in the east. 2. So they had to travel by air or boat. 3.We got up early so as to catch the first bus. 4. She sat there alone, reading a novel. 5. He came back when we were eating. 6.Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake, but strong ones may stay up.
• 动词分类：
•
实义动词：及物动词 不及物动词
•
系动词：Be,感官动词
•
助动词：do does did have has
•
情态动词: can may must need
• A.主语 + 系动词 + 表语 （SVC） 英文中的系动词主要是指Be动词的各种变化形式， 也包括那些有时起系起动系词动作词用作的用实的义实动义词动。词这类 动词常见的常有见：的有
某人。
• 用for 侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某 人。
1．Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。 Mr. Johnson taught us German last year.
2．奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。
Grandma told me an interesting story last night.
A.主语 + 系动词 + 表语 （SVC） B.主语 + 不及物动词(vi.) （SV） C.主语 + 谓语动词(vt.) + 宾语 （SVO） D.主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语 + 宾语 （SVOO） E.主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 （SVOC）
英语的五种基本句型
名词性物主代 词
ours
mine yours yours its his
hers theirs
反身代词
ourselves myself yourself yourself itself himself herself themselves
指示代词 相互代词 不定代词
连接代词 关系代词 疑问代词
this, that, these, those each other, one another
• E.主语 + 动词 + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 （SVOC） 此句型概括了这样一种情况：有些及物动 词的后面有时常带复合宾语结构（即：宾 语 + 宾语补足语）。在这一结构中，宾语 补足语是对宾语“做什么”、“怎么样” 等方面进行补充说明，从意义和结构上来 说是必不可少。在这一结构中，宾语和谓 语动词当然是“动宾关系”，而宾语和它 的补足语在逻辑上却是“主谓关系”。
3．他把车票给列车员看。 He showed the ticket to the conductor.
4．我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？ Shall I call you a taxi?
5．新式机器将会为你节省许多劳动。 The new machine will save you a lot of labors.
1．这个村子过去只有一口井。
There was only a well in the village.
2．客人当中有两名美国人和两名法国人。 Among the guests there were two Americans and two Frenchmen. 3．天气预报说下午有大风。
The weatherman says there’ll be a strong wind in the afternoon.
The guards ordered us to leave at once.
6. 每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。 Every morning we hear him read English aloud.
7．我们不会让她在晚上外出的。 We won’t let her gfall, get, grow 变得 turn , become 变成 hold, keep, 保持 remain（仍然是）, stand, stay（保持） seem看起来 smell 闻起来 , sound 听起来, taste 尝起来 feel摸起来, look看上去等。
6．我们大家都相信Jack 是一个诚实男孩。 All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy.
• D.主语 + 动词 + 宾语 + 宾语 （SVOO） 此句型中的谓语动词后接两个宾语：前一个宾语 称为“间接宾语”，多由代词或名词充当；后一 个宾语称为“直接宾语”，往往由名词充当。如：
他是一个医生。
For example:
He is a doctor. 我们是学生。
We are students. 机器运转得很好。
This machine is in good condition 他失业了
He is out of work. 丝绸摸起来又软又滑。
Silk feels soft and smooth. 花园里香气袭人。 The garden smells pleasant.
4．每天八时开始上课。
Classes begin at eight every day.
• C.主语 + 动词 + 宾语 （SVO） 这一句型中的谓语动词是及物动词，那么 它必须带有自己的宾语,否则会视为"句子不 完整"。 Tom has a brother. 汤姆有一个弟弟。
They wanted to have a rest.
There stands a hill in the middle of the park.
Once upon a time there lived an old king in the
town.
Be 与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致，有时态和情 态变化。如：
现在有 there is/are … 过去有 there was/were… 将来有 there will be…；there is /are going to be... 现在已经有 there has/have been… 可能有 there might be... 肯定有 there must be …/there must have been... 过去曾经有 there used to be … 似乎有 there seems/seem/seemed to be … 碰巧有 there happen/happens/happened to be …
他听见有人在开门。
I found myself in dark .
我发现自己还蒙在鼓里
代词
第一人称 第二人称
第三人称
人称代词主格 we I
you you it he she they
人称代词宾格 us me you you it him her them
形容词性物主代 词
our
my your your its his her their
• 宾语补足语可由名词、形容词、动词不定 式、分词或介词短语担当。
• 例如：
We elected him our monitor .
我们选他当班长。
The news made me happy .
那消息使我很高兴。
We know him to be an expert .
我们知道他是专家。
He heard somebody opening the door .
what, who, whom, which, whose 引导特殊疑问句
巩固练习：
1．我们叫她Alice. We call her Alice.
2．我们大家都认为他是诚实的。 3．他们把小偷释放了。All of us considered him honest.
They have set the thief free. 4．我要你把真相告诉我。I want you to tell me the truth. 5 .卫兵命令我们立即离开。
3．这本书他读过多次了。
He has read this book many times
4．那位先生能流利地说三种语言。
That gentleman can speak three
languages fluently.
5．我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。 I received a letter from my penfriend in Australia.
4．灯亮着，办公室里肯定有人。The light is on. There must be someone in the office. 5．战前这儿一直有家电影院的.
不及物动词；它们可以单独用，如果后面想接宾语， 动词后面必须加上介词。 { Right: He is looking around.
False: He is looking me. Right: He is looking at me. { Right: He is listening carefully. False: He is listening the teacher carefully. Right: He is listening to the teacher carefully.
• 他们想歇息一会儿。 He successfully carried out his plan . 他成 功地实行了他的计划。
1．昨晚我写了一封信。
I wrote a letter last night.
2．今天下午我想同你谈谈。
I want to talk with you this afternoon.
1．她昨天回家很晚。
She went home very late yesterday evening.
2．会议将持续两个小时。
The meeting will last (for) two hours.
3．在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大 变化。 Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years.
He brings me cookies every day.
• 但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语 （人），则要借助于介词to或for。如：
• He brings cookies to me every day.
• She made a beautiful dress for me. • 用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着
及物动词; 它们不可以单独用，后面必须跟宾语。 { False: They always want after lunch.
Right: They always want a cup of tea after lunch. { False: He is sending now.
Right: He is sending a letter now.
英语基本句型6 There be 句型 说明： 此句型是由“there+be+主语+状语” 构成，用以表达存在关系可以称“……有……”。 它其实是倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词 be 之后，there 仅为引导词，并无实际语意。 此句型有时不用be动词，而用 live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive等。如：
one, any, some, all, both, each, either, neither, none, few, little, many, much, -body, -thing, -one
what, who, which, whom, whose引导名词性从句
who, which, that, whom, whose, as 引导定语从句
• B.主语 + 动词 （SV） 本结构是由主语加不及物的谓语动词构成, 常用 来表示主语的动作。
• 如：The sun rises. Tom has already left.
• 主语可有修饰语-定语，谓语可有修饰语-状语。
如: 1. The red sun rises in the east. 2. So they had to travel by air or boat. 3.We got up early so as to catch the first bus. 4. She sat there alone, reading a novel. 5. He came back when we were eating. 6.Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake, but strong ones may stay up.
• 动词分类：
•
实义动词：及物动词 不及物动词
•
系动词：Be,感官动词
•
助动词：do does did have has
•
情态动词: can may must need
• A.主语 + 系动词 + 表语 （SVC） 英文中的系动词主要是指Be动词的各种变化形式， 也包括那些有时起系起动系词动作词用作的用实的义实动义词动。词这类 动词常见的常有见：的有
某人。
• 用for 侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某 人。
1．Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。 Mr. Johnson taught us German last year.
2．奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。
Grandma told me an interesting story last night.