作物生长调节
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• GNOM gene: axial patterning • MONOPTEROS gene: primary root and
vascular tissue
Wilt-type genes are capitalized and italicized. ex. GNOM
Mutations are set in lowercase letters. ex. gnom
2021/4/23
The radial pattern of tissue differentiation is first visible at the globular stage
2021/4/23
Embryogenesis requires specific gene expression
胚發生晚期作用基因
• LEAFY COTYLEDON1 (LEC1) • LATE EMBRYO ABUNDANT (LEA)
2021/4/23
2021/4/23
Ton gene mutations
2021/4/23
2021/4/23
Stem Cells
• 未分化的細胞其維持不確定之細胞分裂能力稱之幹 細胞。
2021/4/23
The axial pattern of the embryo is established during the first cell division of
the zygote
A summary of the events involved in the establishment of polarity in zygotes of the brown alga Fucus. (A) The zygote is polarized by an asymmetric stimulus from the environment, such
as unilateral light. (B) A current flows (charged calcium ions move) through the polarized but still spherical zygote at the site at which the rhizoid will emerge, driven by Ca2+ uptake in the shaded half of the cell, from which the rhizoid will emerge. The current (Ca2+) flows out on the opposite side. (C) Cell polarity becomes fixed when actin microfilaments assemble at the site of rhizoid emergence and a cell wall is assembled around the zygote. The cell wall completely surrounds the zygote, but its composition differs in the rhizoid and thallus halves. Vesicles containing sulfated polysaccharides are transported by actin filaments to the plasma membrane and deposited in the 2021c/e4l/l2w3 all only at the site of rhizoid emergence. (D) Finally, the zygote divides, and the rhizoid cell grows at its tip.
2. fertilization – a. ovule –胚珠 i. antipodal cells-反足細胞 ii. polar nucleus-極核 iii. egg-卵 iv. synergid cells-助細胞 b. embryo sac – 胚囊
3. double fertilization- unique to angiosperms
本章大綱
• Embryogenesis 胚發生 • The role of cytokinesis in pattern formation型態形成時細
胞質分裂的角色 • Meristems in plant development 植物發育的分生組織 • Leaf development 葉的發育 • Root development 根的發育 • Cell differentiation 細胞分化 • Initiation and regulation of developmental pathways 發育
第五週 10/18 第六週 10/25 第七週 11/ 1 第八週 11/ 8 第九週 11/15
CH2. Phytochrome and Light Control of Plant Development CH3. Auxin: The Growth Hormone CH3. Auxin: The Growth Hormone CH4. Gibberellins: Regulators of Plant Height [期中考]
2021/4/23
2021/4/23
What’s Growth ？
生物體發育過程中增加體積或重量的一種 不可逆的變化，即發育過程中量的變化
What’s Development ？
指生物體或其部分從生命開始到死亡所發 生的一切變化過程,包括量的變化和質的變 化，亦即包括生長和分化兩種過程
2021/4/23
2021/4/23
Embryogenesis requires specific gene expression
• SHORT ROOT (SHR) and SCARECROW (SCR) genes: ground tissue development.
2021/4/23
• HOBBIT (HBT) gene: the root meristem
该文档贡献者很忙什么也没留下
2004
作物生長調節
Crop Growth and Regulation
本幻2燈02片1/4集/23使用許多具有國內外版權的圖片，因此只能供上課使用，請勿大量複製或作其他用途。
課程進度
週次日 期課 程 進 度 第一週 9/22 開學 第二週 9/27 課程介紹＆CH1.Growth and Development 第三週 10/ 4 CH1.Growth and Development 第四週 10/11 CH2. Phytochrome and Light Control of Plant Development
途徑的初始與調節
2021/4/23
16-1. Embryogenesis
• Morphology • Embryogenesis establishes the essential features of the
mature plant • Arabidopsis embryos pass through four distinct stages
2. The radial pattern of tissues found in stems and roots.
2021/4/23
Arabidopsis embryos pass through four distinct stages of development
1. Globular stage 2. Heart stage 3. Torpedo stage 4. Maturation stage
at the globular stage • Embryogenesis requires specific gene expression • Embryo maturation requires specific gene expression
2021/4/23
Morphology
1. pollination a. pollon-花粉 b. pollon tube –花粉管 i. tuble nucleus –管核 ii. generative nucleus –生殖核 c. transmitting cells –傳送細胞 d. micropyle – 珠孔 e. integuments –珠被
所導致。 3. 細胞為適應特定休眠狀況，所以需要特定基因表現。
如：
初期休眠對ABA分子調控基因
• ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE3 (ABI3)
• FUSCA3
2ion requires specific gene expression
• SHOOTMERISTEMLES S (STM) gene : the shoot promeristem
2021/4/23
• Embryo maturation requires specific gene expression
1. 阿拉伯芥胚進入休眠後可產生大約20,000細胞。 2. 休眠由於失水與關閉一般性的基因轉錄與蛋白合成
of development • The axial pattern of the embryo is established during the
first cell division of the zygote • The radial pattern of tissue differentiation is first visible
• 植物傳統上稱此細胞類型為初始細胞initial cells。 • 其功能類似動物的幹細胞
2021/4/23
Shoot Apex
• 包括頂端分生組織與葉原 體
• 莖頂分生組織屬未分化細 胞群，且不包括所衍生的 任何器官
2021/4/23
The relationship between flower tissue and subsequent parts of the fruit and
seed
2021/4/23
Arabidopsis
2021/4/23
• small plant • well suited for laboratory culture • Drosophila of plant biology • genome completely sequenced
Embryogenesis establishes the essential features of the mature plant
• Embryogenesis establishes the two basic developmental patterns
1. The apical-basal axial developmental pattern.
2021/4/23
週次 日 期課 程 進 度 第十週 11/22 CH4. Gibberellins: Regulators of Plant Height 第十一週 11/29 CH5. Cytokinins: Regulators of Cell Division 第十二週 12/ 6 CH5. Cytokinins: Regulators of Cell Division 第十三週 12/13 CH6. Ethylene: The Gaseous Hormone 第十四週 12/20 參訪實習（苗栗改良場、大湖草莓生產區) 第十五週 12/27 CH6. Ethylene: The Gaseous Hormone 第十六週 1/ 3 CH7. Abscisic Acid: A Seed Maturation and Antistress Signal 第十七週 1/10 CH7. Abscisic Acid: A Seed Maturation and Antistress Signal 第十八週 1/17 【期末考時間】
vascular tissue
Wilt-type genes are capitalized and italicized. ex. GNOM
Mutations are set in lowercase letters. ex. gnom
2021/4/23
The radial pattern of tissue differentiation is first visible at the globular stage
2021/4/23
Embryogenesis requires specific gene expression
胚發生晚期作用基因
• LEAFY COTYLEDON1 (LEC1) • LATE EMBRYO ABUNDANT (LEA)
2021/4/23
2021/4/23
Ton gene mutations
2021/4/23
2021/4/23
Stem Cells
• 未分化的細胞其維持不確定之細胞分裂能力稱之幹 細胞。
2021/4/23
The axial pattern of the embryo is established during the first cell division of
the zygote
A summary of the events involved in the establishment of polarity in zygotes of the brown alga Fucus. (A) The zygote is polarized by an asymmetric stimulus from the environment, such
as unilateral light. (B) A current flows (charged calcium ions move) through the polarized but still spherical zygote at the site at which the rhizoid will emerge, driven by Ca2+ uptake in the shaded half of the cell, from which the rhizoid will emerge. The current (Ca2+) flows out on the opposite side. (C) Cell polarity becomes fixed when actin microfilaments assemble at the site of rhizoid emergence and a cell wall is assembled around the zygote. The cell wall completely surrounds the zygote, but its composition differs in the rhizoid and thallus halves. Vesicles containing sulfated polysaccharides are transported by actin filaments to the plasma membrane and deposited in the 2021c/e4l/l2w3 all only at the site of rhizoid emergence. (D) Finally, the zygote divides, and the rhizoid cell grows at its tip.
2. fertilization – a. ovule –胚珠 i. antipodal cells-反足細胞 ii. polar nucleus-極核 iii. egg-卵 iv. synergid cells-助細胞 b. embryo sac – 胚囊
3. double fertilization- unique to angiosperms
本章大綱
• Embryogenesis 胚發生 • The role of cytokinesis in pattern formation型態形成時細
胞質分裂的角色 • Meristems in plant development 植物發育的分生組織 • Leaf development 葉的發育 • Root development 根的發育 • Cell differentiation 細胞分化 • Initiation and regulation of developmental pathways 發育
第五週 10/18 第六週 10/25 第七週 11/ 1 第八週 11/ 8 第九週 11/15
CH2. Phytochrome and Light Control of Plant Development CH3. Auxin: The Growth Hormone CH3. Auxin: The Growth Hormone CH4. Gibberellins: Regulators of Plant Height [期中考]
2021/4/23
2021/4/23
What’s Growth ？
生物體發育過程中增加體積或重量的一種 不可逆的變化，即發育過程中量的變化
What’s Development ？
指生物體或其部分從生命開始到死亡所發 生的一切變化過程,包括量的變化和質的變 化，亦即包括生長和分化兩種過程
2021/4/23
2021/4/23
Embryogenesis requires specific gene expression
• SHORT ROOT (SHR) and SCARECROW (SCR) genes: ground tissue development.
2021/4/23
• HOBBIT (HBT) gene: the root meristem
该文档贡献者很忙什么也没留下
2004
作物生長調節
Crop Growth and Regulation
本幻2燈02片1/4集/23使用許多具有國內外版權的圖片，因此只能供上課使用，請勿大量複製或作其他用途。
課程進度
週次日 期課 程 進 度 第一週 9/22 開學 第二週 9/27 課程介紹＆CH1.Growth and Development 第三週 10/ 4 CH1.Growth and Development 第四週 10/11 CH2. Phytochrome and Light Control of Plant Development
途徑的初始與調節
2021/4/23
16-1. Embryogenesis
• Morphology • Embryogenesis establishes the essential features of the
mature plant • Arabidopsis embryos pass through four distinct stages
2. The radial pattern of tissues found in stems and roots.
2021/4/23
Arabidopsis embryos pass through four distinct stages of development
1. Globular stage 2. Heart stage 3. Torpedo stage 4. Maturation stage
at the globular stage • Embryogenesis requires specific gene expression • Embryo maturation requires specific gene expression
2021/4/23
Morphology
1. pollination a. pollon-花粉 b. pollon tube –花粉管 i. tuble nucleus –管核 ii. generative nucleus –生殖核 c. transmitting cells –傳送細胞 d. micropyle – 珠孔 e. integuments –珠被
所導致。 3. 細胞為適應特定休眠狀況，所以需要特定基因表現。
如：
初期休眠對ABA分子調控基因
• ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE3 (ABI3)
• FUSCA3
2ion requires specific gene expression
• SHOOTMERISTEMLES S (STM) gene : the shoot promeristem
2021/4/23
• Embryo maturation requires specific gene expression
1. 阿拉伯芥胚進入休眠後可產生大約20,000細胞。 2. 休眠由於失水與關閉一般性的基因轉錄與蛋白合成
of development • The axial pattern of the embryo is established during the
first cell division of the zygote • The radial pattern of tissue differentiation is first visible
• 植物傳統上稱此細胞類型為初始細胞initial cells。 • 其功能類似動物的幹細胞
2021/4/23
Shoot Apex
• 包括頂端分生組織與葉原 體
• 莖頂分生組織屬未分化細 胞群，且不包括所衍生的 任何器官
2021/4/23
The relationship between flower tissue and subsequent parts of the fruit and
seed
2021/4/23
Arabidopsis
2021/4/23
• small plant • well suited for laboratory culture • Drosophila of plant biology • genome completely sequenced
Embryogenesis establishes the essential features of the mature plant
• Embryogenesis establishes the two basic developmental patterns
1. The apical-basal axial developmental pattern.
2021/4/23
週次 日 期課 程 進 度 第十週 11/22 CH4. Gibberellins: Regulators of Plant Height 第十一週 11/29 CH5. Cytokinins: Regulators of Cell Division 第十二週 12/ 6 CH5. Cytokinins: Regulators of Cell Division 第十三週 12/13 CH6. Ethylene: The Gaseous Hormone 第十四週 12/20 參訪實習（苗栗改良場、大湖草莓生產區) 第十五週 12/27 CH6. Ethylene: The Gaseous Hormone 第十六週 1/ 3 CH7. Abscisic Acid: A Seed Maturation and Antistress Signal 第十七週 1/10 CH7. Abscisic Acid: A Seed Maturation and Antistress Signal 第十八週 1/17 【期末考時間】