高中英语 Unit 6 Design Section Ⅳ Language Points(Ⅱ)(Lesson 2

Section ⅣLanguage Points(Ⅱ)
(Lesson 2 & Lesson 3)
[语言基础自测]
Ⅰ.单词拼写
根据汉语或首字母提示，写出下列单词
1．True friends always share their sadness and happiness(快乐) with each other.
2．The house is very large with a wide balcony(阳台)．
3．To the children in the school，she is a real angel(天使)．
4．My uncle is a religious(虔诚的) man and he goes to church every Sunday.
5．She wore so much jewellery(珠宝) that she seemed to be covered in gold.
6．The roofs of the houses were covered with leaves.
7．A famous architect designed the building.
8．He was caught in the rain on his way home and got his new shoes ruined．9．A Chinese won't think that Chinese characters are more difficult to write than English words.
10．The Tang Dynasty is usually regarded as a rich period in Chinese history.
Ⅱ.拓展词汇
根据词性和汉语提示，写出下列单词
1．jewellery n．(总称)珠宝→jewel n．珠宝，首饰
2．architect n．建筑师→architecture n．建筑学，建筑风格
3．ruin vt.毁坏，毁灭n．破产，垮台→ruins n．废墟
4．happiness n．幸福，快乐→happy adj.幸福的，快乐的→happily adv.快乐地，幸福地
5．relate v．联系→relation n．联系，关系→related adj.相关的，有联系的
[寻规律、巧记忆]
根据提示补全下列短语
1．sort of 有点，有几分地
2．as if/though 好像，仿佛
3．be located in 位于；坐落于
4．as many as 多达；和……一样多
5．come out 出现；出版；结果是
6．date back(to) 追溯到
7．put up 举起；张贴，挂上
8．be used as 被当作……使用
9．relate to 把……联系起来
10．refer to 提到，谈到；查阅，参阅
11．cross out 划掉，删掉
12．in the shape of 以……形式；呈……的形状
13．come up 被提出，被考虑；走上前来
14．try out 试用，试验
15．leave out 遗漏，省略
Ⅳ.选词填空
选用上述短语的适当形式填空
1．As a matter of fact，most of The Great Wall dates back to the Ming Dynasty. 2．Something happened when Thomas Edison tried out his new ideas on the train. 3．We don't allow putting up posters and ads at the school gate.
4．What I have to say refers to all of you.
5．He's been acting sort of strange lately.
Ⅴ.经典句式仿写
feature n ．特征，特色
(教材P 38)features ：balcony ，tower ，roof
，statue
特色：阳台，塔顶，房顶，雕像 ①An interesting feature of the city is the old market. 这座城市的一个有趣的特色就是它的旧市场。

A study of language should feature in an English literature course.
语言学习应当成为英语文学课的重要组成部分。

③The film features Anthony Hopleins as Picasso.
这部电影由安东尼·霍普金斯扮演毕加索。

ruin vt
.毁坏，毁灭
①Don't let negativity ruin your motivation.
不要让消极毁了你的动机。

in ruins .
第二天回到洛克威的时候，他们发现他们的街区成为了废墟。

③A large number of churches fell into ruin after the war.
战争过后，许多教堂都毁了。

[图形助记] “毁坏”不容忽视
destroy damage ruin
破坏(不能修复) 毁坏，损坏(还可修复) (逐渐)毁坏
sort of有几分地
(教材P39)Inside，it's sort of strange.
里面，有点奇怪。

①I'm sort of disappointed that Grandma didn't come to my birthday party.
奶奶没来参加我的生日聚会，我有点失望。

I don't like all sorts(sort) of music.
我并不是喜欢各种音乐。

③They should pay some sort of tax and be fined for not wearing them.
如果不穿戴它们的话，他们应该缴某种税和被罚款。

(教材P39)Write down as many words as you can that give new information and are stressed.
尽可能多地写下那些给予新的信息以及被强调的单词。

【要点提炼】as...as sb.can/could“尽可能……”，相当于as...as possible。

①He gets early to remember as many words as possible.
他早起以便尽可能多地记住单词。

Please let me know your decision as soon as possible(
请尽快告诉我你的决定。

③I don't want as expensive a car as this.
我不要这么贵的汽车。

date back (to)追溯到
(教材P40)Paper cuts of animals have been found in tombs which date back to the
time of the Northern and Southern Dynasty!
人们曾经在南北朝时期的墓穴中发现过动物形状的剪纸！
①China's modern­day space ambitions date back to 1970，when it sent the country's first satellite into orbit.
中国当代探索太空的雄心自1970年就开始了，那一年中国把自己的第一颗卫星送入了轨道。

be out­of­date
age.
把65岁作为中年和老年的分水岭已经过时了。

③They have access to up­to­date information through a computer database.
他们可以通过计算机数据库获得最新信息。

[名师点津]
date back to相当于date from，只能用于主动语态，不能用被动语态和进行时，但可用其v.­ing形式作定语、补语、状语等。

谈论现存的物品或建筑物时，虽然这一事物建造于过去某一时期，但仍用一般现在时。

purpose n．目的，意图
(教材P40)Mr Chen went on to explain that there are three types of paper cuts which people still make today：paper cuts for decoration，for religious purposes and for design patterns.
陈先生接着介绍说，如今人们还在剪的剪纸有三种：装饰用的剪纸、宗教目的用的剪纸和式样设计用的剪纸。

①The purpose of education is to replace an empty mind with an open one.(Malcolm Forbes)
教育的目的是用能工巧匠接受新思想的头脑去取代一个空虚的灵魂。

[美国教育家福布斯]
She seems to do these things on purpose.
她似乎有意做这些事。

③Disney went to the town with the purpose of finding a job.
为了能找到一份工作，迪斯尼进城了。

put up公布；张贴；举起，抬起；建造，搭建；提供膳宿
(教材P40)They are usually put up during holidays to bring good luck.
它们通常在节日期间被贴上，以(祈求)带来好运。

写出下列句子中put up的意思
①Will you help me put up this picture？
张贴
②Put your hand up if you want to ask a question.
举起
③The hikers put up tents for the night.
搭建
④We can put you up for the night，but you must show your ID.
提供膳宿
I can put up with the house being untidy
我能忍受这套房子凌乱，但不喜欢它不干净。

⑥They put forward a number of suggestions.
他们提出了一些建议。

[语境助记]
All the firefighters were sent to put out the fire，so the meeting had to be put off.I put the files away and put them aside.
所有的消防队员都被派出去救火了，所以会议不得不被推迟了。

我把文件收好后放在了一边。

character n．(书写或印刷的)字，字体；个性；特色；特征；人物，角色(教材P40)Paper cuts which show the Chinese character for double happiness are
often used to celebrate weddings.
中国“囍”字的剪纸常用来庆贺婚礼。

写出下列句子中character的意思
①His character is very different from his wife.
性格
②You can look up a character under its radical (部首)．
汉字
③I find all the characters in his new play amusing.
人物角色
④I wish this book was written in bigger characters.
字体
她昨晚的举止与她的性格很不相符。

⑥She spoke with characteristic(character) enthusiasm.
她说话带着特有的热情。

[图形助记] character多含义
try out试用；试验
(教材P40)I was also ready to try out paper­cutting for myself.
我还准备好了亲自制作剪纸。

①Jamie could hardly wait to try out his new bike.
杰米迫不及待地想试一下他的新自行车。

More than a hundred university students are trying for a job in the Civil Service in China on average this year.
在中国，今年平均每个公务员职位有超过百名大学生在竞争。

③I tried my best to comfort her.
我尽了最大努力去安慰她。

[解构长句难句]
(教材P40)“A young farmer who w anted a wife would look at a young woman's paper­cutting skills before marrying her！” explained Mr Chen，laughing at the look of surprise on my face.
【分析】本句是一个复合句。

直接引语中who引导的是定语从句，修饰先行词farmer；现在分词短语laughing at...作伴随状语。

【翻译】看着我脸上的惊异表情，陈先生笑着说：“年轻农夫会依据年轻女子的剪纸手艺来挑选自己的新娘！”
[随堂效果落实]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．In this remote village stands an ancient temple dating (date) from hundreds of years ago.
2．Years of fighting have left the area in ruins (ruin).
3．The academy，located (locate) in your city，has a truly international flavour.
4．Tom is one of the boys who are (be) on time.
5．I have a lot to say in relation to that accident.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．There are a small number of people involved，possibly as little as twenty.
little→few 2．In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay on ruins.
on→in 3．My hometown is a village，locating at the foot of a hill.
locating→located 4．A study of language should feature as an English literature course.
as→in Ⅲ.完成句子
1．离开父母这么久，我多少有点想他们。

I sort/kind of miss my parents after leaving them so long.
2．你们所有人明天早晨一定要尽量早来。

All of you must come as early as you can/possible tomorrow morning．
3．我们应该在做实验之前把所有的设备都试一下。

We should try out all the equipment before we do the experiment.
4．中华文化的起源可以追溯到5 000多年之前。

The origin of Chinese culture dates back to more than 5，000 years ago.
[语法专项突破]
关系代词引导的定语从句
一、定语从句的关系代词
关系代词是用来指代先行词是人或物的词。

关系代词有who，whom，whose，that，which 等。

1．that既可以指人也可以指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可省略。

The noodles(that)I cooked were delicious.(作宾语)
我煮的面条很好吃。

The woman that spoke to me in the shop is my aunt.(作主语)
在商店里和我说话的那个妇女是我的姨妈。

2．which仅指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时可以省略。

China is a country which has a long history.(作主语)
中国是一个具有悠久历史的国家。

The fish(which)we bought this morning was not fresh.(作宾语)
我们今天早晨买的鱼不新鲜。

3．who指人，在定语从句中作主语，在口语中也可作宾语，作宾语时可省略。

The man who is shaking hands with my teacher is my father.(作主语)
正在和老师握手的那个人是我父亲。

The girl (who) I spoke to is a nurse.(作宾语)
和我说话的那个女孩是一位护士。

4．whom指人，是who的宾格形式，在定语从句中作宾语，可以省略。

She is the manager(whom)you want to know.(作宾语)
她是你想认识的那个经理。

5．whose指人或物，在定语从句中作定语。

I know a boy whose father is an engineer.(作定语)
我认识一个男孩，他的父亲是位工程师。

She saw a film whose name she has forgotten.(作定语)
她看了一部电影，名字她忘记了。

[名师点津]
whose在定语从句中指物时可说成“the＋名词＋of which”或“of which＋the＋名词”的形式。

He has written a book whose name I've forgotten.
＝He has written a book the name of which I've forgotten.
＝He has written a book of which the name I've forgotten.
他写了一本书，我忘了书名。

[即时演练1]
单句改错
①He is the right man whom you are looking for him.
去掉him
②This is the very book that you need it very much.
去掉it
二、值得注意的几个问题
1．关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于先行词的单复数。

Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是想见你的那个人吗？
Those who are in their fifties are required to have a physical examination this afternoon.
那些年龄在五十岁以上的人被要求于今天下午去体检。

2．关系代词只用that不用which的情形。

(1)当something，anything，nothing，the one，all，much，few，any，little等作先行词或先行词被any，few，little，no，all修饰时，只用that，不用which。

This is all (that) we have learned from her.
这是所有我们从她那儿了解的情况。

(2)先行词被the only，the very修饰时，只用that。

These are the very points that puzzle me.
这些正是使我迷惑的地方。

(3)先行词为序数词、数词、形容词最高级时，只用that。

This is the most beautiful and cleanest city that I have visited in China.
这是我游览过的中国最美丽也最干净的城市。

(4)先行词既有人，又有物时。

He talked about the men and the places that attracted him.
他谈论了吸引他的那些人和地方。

(5)主句是以which或who开头的特殊疑问句时。

Which is the hotel that you stayed at last night?
你昨晚住的是哪一家旅馆？
(6)关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。

China isn't the country that it was.
中国已不是过去的样子了。

3．关系代词只用which不用that的情形。

(1)关系代词前有介词时。

This is the map by which we can get to the national park.
借助这张地图我们能到达那个国家公园。

(2)先行词是that或those时。

I don't like those which he gave me.
我不喜欢他给我的那些。

(3)一个先行词有两个并列定语从句时，为了避免重复，一个用that，另一个用which，且that和which在定语从句中作宾语时，第一个that可省略，而第二个一般不省略。

The car (that) I bought for my son and which he sold two years later is on the
market.我为我儿子买的而两年后他又卖掉了的那辆车现在又上市了。

[即时演练2]
用适当的关系词填空
①Because of my poor memory，all that you told me has been forgotten.
②This is one of the best books that have ever been written.
[应用落实]
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Mr.Green invited many friends to his party whom he respected very much.
2．I like those books whose topics are about history.
3．This is the very book that you bought yesterday.
4．She described in his composition the people and places that impressed her most.
5．Who is the man that is speaking over there?
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．The movie which name is Titanic is very touching.
which→whose 2．Do you have anything which you want to say for yourself？
which→that 3．These are the students I teach them.
去掉them 4．This is the bank its office was broken into last night.
its→whose 5．I like the boy，that is very lovely.
that→who。