词汇与语法练习讲解

Vocabulary and Structure
1.It’s most important for a language learner to _____ a
good pronunciation.
A. win
B. achieve
C. gain
D. acquire
e.g.
achieve :
They had finally achieved success.
They could not achieve their target of less than 3% inflation. 他们没能达到通货膨胀低于3%的目标。

gain:
The country gained its independence 10 years ago.
这个国家十年前就赢得了独立。

There is nothing to be gained from delaying the decision. 推迟决定得不到任何好处。

acquire:（通过努力、能力、行为表现）获得，得到She has acquired a good knowledge of English.
她英语已经学得很好。

He has acquired a reputation for dishonesty.
他得到了奸诈的名声。

2. How can you _____ and watch them being ill-treated like
that?
A. stand back
B. stand by
C. stand for
D. stand aside
e.g.
stand back:
The police ordered the crowd to stand back.
stand by :
How can you stand by and see him accused of something he didn’t do? 你怎么能眼睁睁看着他遭人诬陷而袖手旁观呢？
stand for:
What does the “BBC” stand for?
stand aside:
: She stood aside to let us pass.
3. The meeting had been _____ until next Sunday.
A. announced
B. transmitted
C. put aside
D. postponed
e.g. transmit sth. from….. to…..
signals transmitted from a satellite
The ceremony was transmitted live by satellite to over fifty countries. 典礼通过卫星向五十多个国家进行了实况转播。

put sth. aside
They decided to put aside their differences.
他们决定搁置双方的分歧。

4. T om placed too much _____ on sports but not enough on
his studies.
A. interest
B. emphasis
C. efforts
D. time
5. He couldn’t _____ with the noise in the room.
A. put on
B. put across
C. put up
D. put off
e.g. put sth. across
She’s not very good at putting her views across.
她不大善于表达自己的观点。

6. The public _____ interested in talking about the news.
A. has been
B. are
C. was
D. is
7. People in remote areas are ______ from modern
civilization.
A. cut out
B. cut off
C. cut down
D. cut in
e.g. cut out:
Furious, her mother cut her out of her will.
她母亲盛怒之下把她的名字从遗嘱中删除。

cut sth. down
We need to cut the article down to 1000 words.
我们得把这篇文章压缩到1000字。

cut in (on sb/sth):打断（谈话），插嘴
She kept cutting in on our conversation.
我们谈话时她老是插嘴。

8. The hijackers should have been arrested _____ instead of
being allowed to leave.
A. on the spot
B. on the side
C. in the sight
D. on the screen
e.g. on the side:
He is an engineer who buys and sells cars on the side.
他是一名兼做汽车买卖的工程师。

9. A compound consists of atoms _____ different chemical
properties.
A. of
B. by
C. for
D. with
10. I apologies ______ her ______ my impoliteness.
A. with; to
B. to; for
C. for; to
D. on; for
11. She found that she herself couldn’t do all the housework,
so he hired a _____.
A. guide
B. clerk
C. maid
D. chief
12. The old man and his dog were ______ to each other.
A. supported
B. helped
C. relied
D. devoted
13. You can see a (n) _____ of dogs in the square.
A. plenty
B. amount
C. quantity
D. number
14. It’s really a difficult problem to _____.
A. look at
B. make out
C. deal with
D. dwell on e.g. dwell on/upon sth:
So you made a mistake, but there is no need to dwell on it. 你是错了，不过不必老是想着这事儿。

15. You must _____ the important points the teacher says.
A. note down
B. turn to
C. put on
D. get over
e.g. turn to sb / sth
She has nobody she can turn to.
她求助无门。

get over:
She can’t get over her shyness.
她无法克服羞怯心里。

She was disappointed at not getting the job, but he will get over it.
他没得到这份工作非常失望，不过他会想得开的。

16. I hate queuing up for hours _____ in order to get a ticket.
A. in the end
B. without end
C. at the end
D. on end
e.g. in the end:
He tried various jobs and in the end became an accountant. 他尝试了各种各样的工作，最后当上了会计。

17. He had lived in Paris for some years _____ he returned
to America.
A. after
B. until
C. before
D. while
18. John is the cleverest of _____ in Class Two.
A. any other student
B. any of the students
C. anyone of the students
D. all the students
19. This brand of products is _____ to that in quality.
A. senior
B. junior
C. superior
D. better
20. No one will go out in the downpour, _____?
A. will he
B. won’t he
C. will they
D. won’t they
21. I had to stand in a _____ for hours to get the tickets.
A. file
B. tail
C. line
D. procession
22. The train was late _____ the heavy snowstorm.
A. as a result of
B. in case of
C. with the relation to
D. by way of
e.g. in case of :
In case of fire, ring alarm bell. 如遇火警，即按警铃。

by way of sth:
The artist recently arrived in Paris from Bulgaria by
way of Vienna. 这位艺术家最近从保加利亚途径维也纳到了巴黎。

23. A new war ____ between the two countries.
A. broke down
B. broke out
C. broke off
D. broke up
e.g. break down:
The telephone system has broken down.
break off:
He broke off in the middle of a sentence.
break up:
Their marriage has broken up.
The meeting broke up at 11 o’clock.
会议在十一点散会。

24. It is said that this bridge has _____ for more than three countries.
A. appeared
B. existed
C. risen
D. born
25. It is not ____ that this situation will continue very long.
A. alike
B. like
C. likely
D. the like
26. Never before in China ______ for the farmers.
A. has so much been down
B. have so much been done
C. has been down so much
D. so much has been done
27. I was startled to see that on the _____ chicken was so dear.
A. memo
B. menu
C. note
D. memento
28. It was so _____ done that John felt like applauding.
A. beautiful
B. beautifully
C. good
D. fine
29. Because the rooms _____, we have not moved in yet.
A. are being painted
B. were painted
C. have been painted
D. having painted
30. These compounds could not have been formed if the
chemical reaction _____ stopped.
A. have been
B. has been
C. had been
D. were
31. We must ____ that our customs are different from theirs.
A. keep up with
B. keep to ourselves
C. keep in mind
D. keep in touch
32. I have just ____ to a letter from a friend of mine in
London.
A. replied
B. answered
C. offered
D. returned
33. He has no _____ of winning the game.
A. occasion
B. chance
C. luck
D. fate
34. He’s _____ to know the influence of the phenomenon.
A. perhaps
B. possibly
C. likely
D. certainly
35. Would you please ____ the children for me while I’m
out?
A. take care
B. wait on
C. take charge
D. look after
e.g. wait on伺候、服侍、招待（尤指进餐）
36. Electrical ____ made in Japan are very popular with
Chinese families.
A. facilities
B. applications
C. instruments
D. appliances
e.g. sports / leisure facilities
surgical /optical instruments 外科器械/光学仪器
the flight instruments 飞行仪器
appliance(家用)电器
electrical ~s 电器
household/ domestic ~s 家用器具/电器
37. After the holiday makers were warned of a rockslide,
they all_____.
A. ran to it
B. ran for it
C. ran from it
D. ran away off it
e.g. run to sth
The book runs to nearly 800 pages.
这本书有近800页。

38. The professor can hardly find sufficient grounds ____ his
argument in favor of the new theory.
A. which to base on
B. on which to base
C. to base on which
D. which to be based on
39. It is not within the scope of this article to present test
procedures in detail, but rather ____ a brief outline of each and the significance of the results.
A. giving B given C. to give D. gives
40. _____ in an atmosphere of simple living was what her
parents wished for.
A. The girl was educated
B. The girl having educated
C. The girl’s being educated
D. The girl to have educated。