诗歌的选读语言学

诗歌的选读语言学
George Herbert (1593-1633)
Easter Wings
1Lord, who createdst man in wealth and store,
2 Though foolishly he lost the same,
3 Decaying more and more,
4 Till he became
5 Most poore:
6 With thee
7 O let me rise
8 As larks, harmoniously,
9 And sing this day thy victories:
10Then shall the fall further the flight in me.
11My tender age in sorrow did beginne
12 And still with sicknesses and shame.
13 Thou didst so punish sinne,
14 That I became
15 Most thinne.
16 With thee
17 Let me combine,
18 And feel thy victorie:
19 For, if I imp my wing on thine,
20Affliction shall advance the flight in me.
Notes
1] store: ample goods, abundance.
5] The length of the lines decreases to reflect their content, diminished man.
10] Herbert alludes to the paradox of the "fortunate fall" or felix culpa. Only by sinning with Eve, and being cast out of the
Garden of Eden into a world of labour, pain, and death, did Adam enable the second Adam, Christ, to redeem man and show
a love and forgiveness that otherwise could never have been.
18] feel: "feel this day" in 1633. The two added words disturb the clear metrical scheme (which has six syllables in lines 3, 8, and 13) and are not found in the manuscript of the poem.
19] imp: Herbert suggests that if he adds his feathers to God's wings, he will fly the higher because of God's might. Sometimes feathers were grafted or imped into a falcon's wing to increase the power of its flight. Note that this metaphor suggests that
the wing-like stanza on one page represents Herbert's wings, and the wing-stanza on the facing page represents God's.
1.This poem is a good example of a visual poem. Describe the visual pattern that
the words make on the page.
2.Is the poem more than just a picture? How does this poem also engage your
mind and emotion? How does it also use sounds, such as rhyme and rhythm, to attract your ears?
3.Herbert was an Anglican minister, and this poem presents some of his
religious beliefs. He believed, for example, that sin caused the "fall" of
humanity from the Garden of Eden. He also believed that Jesus Christ, when
He rose from the dead on Easter Sunday, redeemed people from sin and
restored them to their original spiritual "wealth and store." How are these
religious views about people's fall and rising again reflected in the form and
content of the poem?
4.One of the themes of this poem is human diminution and regrowth. How do
the visual pattern and sounds emphasize that theme??@
My paraphrase:
Inner Flight Outer Fall
Dear God, further your flight in me
and let me praise you in my songs!
For you have made me in abundance
and though you gave me breath from yours
I wasted all until I grew so little…
So small was I, You had to step
on sin! So sick was I, so thin!
Should I rejoin with you I know I’ll fly again.
Give me your wings and I shall graft mine in…
Dear God, advance my fall in you!
GH’s layout is that of a pair of wings, you can debate on that.
复活节的翅膀
上帝，你创造的人原来都很富有健康，他却傻瓜地把所有财富全部丢光，
一步步走向败落，
结果竟变得
贫穷无比；
啊，让我
和你一道升起，
像云雀那样，和谐地，
同声歌唱这一天你的胜利：
让人类的堕落促使我的心灵高飞。

我从幼年开始就在痛苦中度过，你后来又用疾病和耻辱
如此惩罚我的罪过，
以至于我变得
无比瘦弱。

让我和你
啊，联成一体，
感受今日你的胜利；
因为，要是我接上你的翅膀，
痛苦的经历将助我的心灵随你高飞!
卡明斯（E·E·Cummings, 1894-1962）
卡明斯，现代诗人，画家，生于马萨诸塞州康桥。

父亲曾在哈佛大学任教，卡明斯自幼深受传统文化的熏陶，在哈佛学习期间，他对英国文学极感兴趣。

第一次世界大战期间，卡明斯曾自愿去欧洲战场服务。

战争结束后，卡明斯旅居巴黎，在贫困中学习绘画并从事诗歌创作。

当时后印象派及立体派的绘画，还有现代派绘画大师塞尚和毕加索都对卡明斯产生了很大的影响。

这种弥漫在艺术界的时代叛逆精神鼓励了卡明斯在诗歌上大胆尝试，向传统挑战，打破传统形式的束缚，充分表现自己的独特风格。

卡明斯在诗歌形式上大做文章，大胆试验创新，取消了几乎所有的大写字母，把标点符号随意处置或干脆摒弃不用，经常生造词汇，不顾传统语法句法，任意拆散单词或句子，将独立的诗节牵扯糅合在一起。

卡明斯在文学形式上的大胆尝试构成了他与众不同的现代派诗歌风格。

在他一生的最后30年中，他的“文字游戏”越来越成熟，越来越抑扬有致。

卡明斯珍视活力，歌咏个性，反对“集体”，反对盲目因袭传统，他描写爱情和性欲，他的自然诗表明他对世界、特别是对童稚天真世界的热爱；这个世界的朴实、纯真和快乐在他的诗作中表现得淋漓尽致。

卡明斯的诗集有《郁金香和烟囱》（Tulips and Chimneys, 1923）、《诗四十一首》（XLI Poems, 1925）、《不谢》（No
Thanks, 1935）、《诗集》（Collected Poems, 1913-1926）、《诗50首》（50 Poems, 1940）、《诗95首》（95 Poems, 1958）等。

他逝世后又发表了《诗73首》（73 Poems, 1963）。

l(a
le
af
fa
ll
s)
one
l
iness
the poem's central theme hinges on the juxtaposition of singularity and duplicity. Again, the pairing of letters (particularly the two ls in the middle of the poem), the parentheses, the possible layering of words, and even the number at the beginning of the poem (where there's a 1, a 2 is sure to follow) all support the unexpected theme of twoness in this poem. The fact that there are multiple readings of the word (loneliness, 1-liness, oneliness, I-ness) is ironic in that the poem, ostensibly about the notion of singularity, lacks a singular interpretation. The poem, like the individual, is neither as simple nor as lonely as it seems. Furthermore, the individual, like the poem, can only be defined as it relates to others. So, while not every interpretation is equal, interaction with a reader is necessary to the formation of meaning. Additionally, this is a poem about life and death. The leaf is an obvious representation of death, while the words “on e liness” and “I-ness” assert the importance of existence (life). In addition, cummings gives the leaf action: It falls. It is on a journey toward death (in other words, life). The author essentially
tells us, “an image of death imposes itself on my being,” yet, there is hope in this poem too. Being alone at least involves being, and dying implies having lived.。