Argument救急短语
英文学术写作核心词汇搭配（1）：argue,argument
英文学术写作核心词汇搭配（1）：argue,argument词汇，词汇，词汇！词汇的使用在英语写作中占据最重要的地位。
写作词汇与阅读或听力词汇是完全不同的。
一个单词你见到它知道它的意思，跟你会用这个单词是两回事。
所以，不要以为自己词汇量很大，就能写作一篇高水平的作文。
什么样的作文是高水平？首先，你要解决词汇搭配问题。
一个单词你真正掌握要经历两个阶段：1，通过语言输入过程记住了某个单词（字形，意义，发音）；2，在语言输出作业中，会用这个单词遣词造句。
当然，光会遣词造句还不是最高境界，最高境界是知道这个单词如何搭配。
（搭配其实就好比穿衣服，一袭长裙要跟什么样的腰带和头饰搭配才是得体的）这直接影响读者（或阅卷人）对你的写作水平的判断。
所以，要想写好英文写作，必须掌握词汇搭配。
写作词汇不要求多，但一定要精。
本讲只教两个单词：（1）argue [vi.] （争论）argue + ADV.～fiercely/furiously/heatedly/passionately（激烈争论）～ endlessly（无休止地论）～convincingly/persuasively/plausibly（有力的争辩）argue + PREP.～ for/in favor of（为支持…争辩）～ against（为反对…争辩）～ about/over（为了…争辩）典型例句：1. The children were arguing over which TV program to watch.（孩子们在为看哪个电视节目争吵。
）2. Baker argued against cutting the military budget.（贝克辩论反对缩减军费。
）（2）argument[n.] （论点，论据）ADJ. + argumentbasic ～（基本论点）general ～（总的论据）main/major～（主要论据）powerful/sound /strong～（强有力的论据）valid ～（有根据的论据）compelling～（令人信服的论据）conclusive～（决定性的论据）convincing/persuasive ～ (有说服力的论点)plausible～（貌似有力的论点）spurious ～（伪造的论点）tenuous ～（站不住脚的论据）flimsy ～（站不住脚的）weak ～（没有说服力的论据）balanced ～（稳妥的论据）logical ～（有逻辑的论据）rational/reasoned/sound/well-grounded ～（合理的论据）moral ～ (道德依据)political～（政治依据）theoretical～（理论依据）cogent/coercible ～（有说服力的论据）groundless ～（无根据的论点）irrefutable ～（不可反驳的论点）solid ～（确凿的论据）well-knit ～（组织严密的论据）VERB + argumentadvance/present/putforward ～（提出论点）develop ～（阐述论点）illustrate～（阐明论点）support ～（支持论点）underline～（强调论点）counter/refute～（反驳论点）dismiss/reject～（拒绝接受论点）accept/agreewith ～（接受论点）典型例句：1. Their argument sounds plausible but is it is not very convincing.（他们的论点听起来似乎有理但是却无法令人信服。
2020考研英语词汇：argument的中文翻译解析.doc
2020考研英语词汇：argument的中文翻译解析考研英语有许多题目组成，方便大家及时了解，下面由我为你精心准备了“2020考研英语词汇：argument的中文翻译解析”，持续关注本站将可以持续获取更多的考试资讯!2020考研英语词汇：argument的中文翻译解析argument的中文意思名词1.[C,U]争论，争吵，争辩，辩论2.可数名词：论据，理由，论点3.不可数名词：辩论单词分析这组名词均有“争执、不和”之意。
controversy侧重指深刻的意见分歧，多指对引起广泛兴趣或非常重要的问题的辨论。
argument指辩论双方均以事实或理由来说服对方的辨论。
conflict指双方坚持已见、互不妥协，怀有敌意的争论，多暗示分歧极为严重，有时用语言无法解决，只得诉诸武力。
debate通常指经过仔细组织和计划的个人或团体之间的辩论。
dispute普通用词，侧重指长时间，言词激烈，针锋相对的争辩。
quarrel普通用词，既可指言词激烈的争吵，也可指温和的言词上的不和。
strife指因不可缓和的矛盾而引起的争吵或斗殴。
英语解释a contentious speech act; a dispute where there is strong disagreementa fact or assertion offered as evidence that something is truea discussion in which reasons are advanced for and against some proposition or proposala variable in a logical or mathematical expression whose value determines the dependent variable; if f(x)=y, x is the independent variablea summary of the subject or plot of a literary work or play or movie例句Indeed, she had quite a long argument with the lory, who at last turned sulky, and would only say, `I am older than you, and must know better'你瞧，爱丽丝已经同鹦鹉辩论了好长时间了，最后鹦鹉生气了，一个劲儿地说:“我比你年龄大，也就肯定比你知道得多。
argument常用词汇(最终版)-推荐下载
对比： in contrast; as compared to; in comparison with; at the same time; diffபைடு நூலகம்rentiate between ~ and ~; differentiate ~ from ~;
argument 常用词汇（最终版）
来源为平时习作、优秀范文、同义词典、论坛资源。 是按意群分类的，前面的中文有些并不准确，只可意会。 告别作文版了，虽然这个词汇编排的不是很严谨，但是是我临考前认为最重要 的需要灵活掌握运用的词汇，希望朋友们都能取得好成绩！！mike87227 of OUC 逻辑连接词： 因果（后接结果）： =〉导致：result in; be responsible for; attributable to/ attribute to; contribute to~; lead to; cause; give birth to; give rise to; serve to; =〉故此：hence; therefore; thereby+现在分词； thus; as a result; so that; eventually; correspondingly; accordingly; consequently; resultingly; namely; =〉为了：so as to; for the purpose of; for the sake of; in an attempt to; in efforts to;
其它常用词汇： 举例： for instance; for example; such as; consider the fact that;
argument和argue的例句
argument和argue的例句argument例句：1. I had an argument with my friend about politics.我和我的朋友就政治问题进行了争论。
2. They argued for hours about who should pay the bill.他们为谁应该付账而争论了几个小时。
3. She always argues with her parents about where to go on vacation.她总是和父母争论去哪里度假。
4. The couple argued until late into the night about their future plans.这对夫妇一直争论到深夜，关于他们的未来计划。
5. He argued that his work was not finished, but his boss disagreed.他争辩说他的工作还没有完成，但他的老板不同意。
6. We argued about the best way to solve the problem.我们就如何最好地解决这个问题进行了争论。
7. They argued over who should take out the trash.他们就谁应该把垃圾倒出去进行了争论。
8. My sister and I argued about what movie to watch.我和我妹妹就该看哪部电影进行了争论。
9. The two teams argued about a foul that was calledduring the game.两个队就比赛中的一个犯规进行了争论。
10. He argued that he deserved a raise, but his boss said no.他争辩说他应该得到加薪，但他的老板说不。
Argument常用论证句式51-95
51.The arguer attempts to extract a general principle from a specific case.52.The argument assumes a causal relationship where only a correlation has been indicated.53.The arguer’s reasoning linking A with B seems reasonable on the surface, but ….54.There is no information available to justify any causal relationship between A and B.55.We do not have any evidence suggesting that A will cause B.56.Contingencies such as market changes, competition, material and labor costs, legislativemoves, and the national or international economic cycle can all lead to the dropping profit. 57.Any further linkage of these two phenomena requires more evidence and is not justified bythe data so far available.58.To find the exact causes of economic ups or downs, examination should be applied to all thefactors that have significant impact on the economy.59.It does not naturally warrant the conclusion that A has significantly contributed, and thus iscausal to B.60.This observed phenomenon, actually, says little more than that these two events aresynchronic to each other and that is all.61.The evidence it cites is consistent with the alternative hypothesis that….62.The argument ignores factors such as … that may be more important than A in determine B.63.The fact that a certain fitness program is mandatory for Plainesville’s schoolchildrenaccomplishes nothing toward bolstering the recommendation that….64.The article fails to account for the alternative explanations for …, and thus the article’sauthor cannot make any sound recommendations to ….65.Since the applicant has not adequately responded to this concern, his claim that …isuntenable.66.Nor does the mere fact that … lends significant support to ….67.Since the editorial fails to rule out these and other possible explanations for …, I cannotaccept any conclusion about….68.But, since the editorial provides no evidence to substantiate this assumption, it is equallypossible that….69.Thus, without better evidence that …, the editorial remains unconvincing.70.Even if the dean can substantiate all of the foregoing assumptions, the dean’s assertionthat … is still not warranted.71.It is entirely possible that people inclined to recycle were more willing to respond to thesurvey than other people were.72.Without eliminating this possibility, the owner cannot rely on the national survey toconclude that ….73.Given these possible scenarios, the fact that … proves nothing about ….74.By relying on the national survey to support its conclusion the argument depends on theassumption that …75.This scenario is quite possibl e, especially considering that….76.Any of these scenarios, if true, would cast considerable doubt on the argument’s conclusionthat….77.The nationwide study showing … does not necessarily apply to ….78.Without weighing revenue against expenses the argument’s conclusion is premature at best.79.Even assuming …, it is nevertheless impossible to assess the author’s broader contentionthat ….80.Absent either a clear definition of the term or dear evidence that …, the author’s contentionthat … is simply unjustified.81.In order to establish a strong correlation between .., the study’s sample must be sufficient insize and representative of ….cking evidence of a sufficiently representative sample, the author cannot justifiably relyon the study to draw any conclusion whatsoever.83. A direct correlation between … does not necessarily prove that the former causes the latter.84.While a high correlation is strong evidence of a causal relationship, in itself it is notsufficient.85.The author must consider and eliminate this and othe r possible reasons why … otherwise, Icannot accept the author’s implicit claim that ….86.This single example is insufficient to draw any conclusion about ….87.Withou t additional samples from diverse geographic locations, I cannot accept the author’ssweeping generalization about…88.On the one hand, the author ignores the possibility that …; on the other hand, perhaps ….89.In short, lacking evidence that conditions on the two islands are relevantly similar, theauthor cannot convince me on the Batia’s experience that ….90.Absent additional information about the cited studies, these studies lend no crediblesupport to the conclusion that ….91.Although this is entirely possible, the argument provides no evidence to support thisassumption.mon sense and experience tells us this is not the case, and that a variety of otherfactors, such as …, also play major roles.93.Without such evidence the argument cannot be rejected out of hand.94.If this is the case, it provides an alternative explanation for the fact that ….95.The argument fails to indicate what portion of the people surveyed actually responded; thesmaller this portion, the less reliable the result.。
Argument比较全的分类词汇和句式
Argument比较全的分类词汇和句式一、词汇(一) 动词支持：support, in support of, bolster, justify, substantiate, validate,保证：guarantee, warrant, demonstrate, prove, ensure that, assure (sb) that…Ø Say/tell/inform little more than/about, do littl e to…, lend no strong support to, lends little credible support to, is insufficient/far from being enough to support…, does not support/ensure/…,Ø fails to convince us that, fails to provide/produce/present any evidence/facts that... /information concerning..., provide no evidence that…, have no evidence to supportØ The author’s implicit claim that… is poorly supported/unconvincing.Ø there is no guarantee/ warrant/justification/proof/assurance/evidence that…, It does not naturally warrant that…, it is unwarranted that…,增强：solidify /strengthen/fortify/reinforce, enhance,弄清楚：make clear, elucidate, explain削弱：weaken, undermine, attenuate, dilute, invalidate评估，鉴别：evaluate, assess, appraise, identify怀疑：doubt, suspect相信：believe, be certain /sure that…, accept使用：employ (employs two lines of reasoning to), utilize, apply建立：establish (establish a causal relationship between), set up接受：accept,提出，呈现，显示：suggest, indicate, imply, show, present, reveal, introduce, propose提供：provide, be involved in, offer引用cite得出：it did not follow that…,This would go a long way toward explaining why…, reach, arrived at, get, draw有可能：there is a good chance that…有理由：have a good reason to…收集：gather, collect告诉：tell, inform指出：Point out建议：Proposal, recommendation, advocate依靠：Rest/depend/rely on, be based on, on the basis of推理：reason, infer, the reasoning that…过分… overemphasize, oversimplify宣称：assert/claim影响：affect, influence, account for, be more important than… in determining…, lead to, cause, give rise to, have some bearing on, have negative impact on有助于：help, facilitate, make for, contribute to, has done more to..., be advantageous to, benefit 归功于：owe a lot to, attribute to, ascribe to导致：lead to, result in, give rise to, cause, bring about, call... into existence由于：Result from,遭受：Suffer from, be influenced by,忽略：Ignores/overlooks; fails to take into account/consideration /consider/acknowledge/explain; fails to rule out其他因素：The possibility that, other factors that…, other likely benefits of…,other possible causes of…, other criteria for determining, the only attribute/reason/factor necessary to关心：Be concerned about, care for, consider as important喜欢：Prefer, incline最终证明是to prove to be in the result or end, turn out that/ to be, end up with意味着：mean, imply系动词：be, exist, remainIt句型：it is unwise to…, it is unwarranted to assume that…There句型：there is no guarantee that…(二) 名词证据：(the supporting) evidence (offered by the arguer), fact, information (about), data, justification for, statistical evidence, statistics,survey, study, experiment, investigation, observation, This observed phenomenon, experience, assurances, no evidence whatsoever,statistics showing that, a survey showing that, assurances from… that…假设：assumption-assume, claim, assert-assertion结论：conclusion-conclude, claim, what the arguer maintains原因：Reason, factor, cause, attribute, contingencies关注：concern about分析，检查：examination, investigations, inspection, analysis解释：explanation错误：fallacies /flaws部分：A small portion of, a fraction of作者：The arguer, This loan applicantThe… o f：the importance of, the necessity of, the reliability of, the combination of, the result of, the example of, the sign of/no sign ofThe… to：the desire to, the need to,名词后可跟的修饰其的小词Evidence available, which is of course unwarranted, A third problem with the argument, The conclusion reached in this argument, The evidence provided in this argument/ offered by the arguer, the statistical evidence upon which it relies, the evidence cited in the analysis, The statistics offered in the announcement, no evidence whatsoever, the difficulties inherent in this process, any evidence suggesting/shows that, all of which are ignored by the arguers, both of which are unknown from this argument, society as a whole(三) 形容词合理的：reliability, credibility, justifiable, reasonable, legitimacy, reliable, valid, credible, persuasive, sound无理的：unfounded, unwarranted, gratuitous, unreasonable, invalid, unconvincing , groundless, unproved, in lack of solid ground, no evidence whatsoever, untenable, poorly supported, vague, questionable, doubtful, suspect, uninformative, presumptuous, premature, ineffective, probablymisleading, Unfairly, oversimplified, counterproductive, impractical, meaningless强有力的：solid, strong, substantial很少的：trivial, trifling, slim information负的：Negative, adverse相关的，重要的：relevant严重的，主要的：Major, critical, serious, main不充分的：insufficient,具体的：specific, detailed, particular暗含的：Implicit-explicit仔细的：careful, thorough, comprehensive仅仅：mere在名词后修饰的形容词：enough /necessary to,(四) 副词不好poorly, seriously, unfairly,必然necessarily,可能probably,其他automatically, naturally, directly–indirectly, actually, only, equally, admittedly, merely, significantly, mutually, randomly, respectively, very, especially, particularly,非常：very, extremely, tremendously, enormously, heavily, deeply, great,节俭的：sparingly插入语：as we know; as is known to everyone, which is of course unwarranted单独：alone(五) 介词缺乏：in short of-in absence of-lacking-in lack of-without, unless尽管：regardless of, despite, in spite of根据，按照：according to，in terms of, in light of关于，就...而言：concerning, about, regarding, as to /for, in respect of, in so far as, with regard to, as far as... is/are concerned(六) 连词虽然：while, although, though, whereas, albeit, howbeit, Be that as it may然而：while, whereas, however, but, yet,并列：And-as well as例如：such as, e.g., for example/instance也就是：That is, i.e.所以：so, so that, therefore, thus, hence, consequently, accordingly, as a result, as a consequence, for this reason二、模板(一) 开头：1. 描述题干：1) 结论：however the author has committed several logical flaws. For example…also…and finally…a) 推论性的结论inferential conclusionthe arguer concludes/claims that, 特殊the conclusion in this argument is thatb) 建议the arguer advocates/recommends/claims that .().2) 证据：the arguer points out that, the arguer provides/present the evidence that..., 特殊this recommendation is based on the observation that; the arguer cites the result of a recent study that..., the arguer cites the example of,3) 假设：the arguer claims/assumes that.(假设，小结论).; the arguer reasons that .(推理论证reasoning: since...,...).2. 连接词：1) In this argumentThe first issue to be addressedThis argument also relies on the idea that2) To support/justify/substantiate/ bolster /in support of the conclusion /claim/ recommendation /prediction3) In addition/Meanwhile/Moreover3. 结论This argument suffers from/is unconvincing /problematic for several/two critical fallacies /flaws /reasons.This argument is fraught with vague, oversimplified and unwarranted assumptions.A careful examination of this argument would reveal how groundless the conclusion is.Although it seems to be an obvious conclusion, with further examination /inspection /analysis, you will find there are several critical/severe/serious/major/main flaws/fallacies in the argument.The conclusion reached in this argument is invalid and probably misleading.Careful examination of this supporting evidence, however, reveals that it lends little credible support to the applicant's claim.。
Argument必用词汇,句型及模式
词汇：声称，得出结论：conclude, assert, allege, contend论断,结果：conclusion, assertion, result, (recommendation)说明，显示出：illustrate, demonstrate, indicate, imply, be an indication of, be an implication of, suggest, reflect证明，支持：prove, substantiate, justify, lend support to, bolster推理，推论：inference, reasoning, deductionspeculate, reason, infer that……from……, deduce解释：explain, be an explanation for, account for考虑到：consider, take into account确定：confirm, assure, identify排除：rule out, exclude代表：represent, stand for, be representative of由……组成：consist of喜欢，倾向于：be inclined to, incline to, be fond of加强：enhance, strengthen, reinforce破坏：undermine, damage引用：quote, cite, note至于：regarding, as for按照：according to, in accordance with就……而言：in terms of一定，必然，绝对：definitely, necessarily, inevitable, inevitably, absolutely可信的：cogent, convincing, convincible, sound, persuasive, credible, reliable, warranted cogency, persuasion, credibility精确：precisely, accurately, exactly充分的：adequate, sufficient, plenty必要的：necessary, indispensablenecessity不可信的，可疑的：unconvincing, inconvincible, incredible, soundless, groundless, dubious, open to doubt, doubtful, problematic, questionable, indefensible, unreliable, unfounded, unwarranted, invalid, unpersuasive, misleading真实的：true, authenticity (authentic), justifiable, veracity (真话)不充分的，欠缺的：inadequate, insufficient, vague, scant具体的：concrete, detail缺乏：in absence of, lacking, in short of依托于：rest on, depend on前提假设：assumption, assume, premise, conjecture, hypothesis与……一致：be consistent with因果关系词：因为：because, since, for, result from, owing to, due to所以：so, thus, hence, therefore, consequently相关：correlation因果关系：causal relationship, causality导致：lead to, result in源于：lie in, in that转折关系词：虽然：though, although, while, whereas但是：but, yet, however, nevertheless, nonetheless尽管：despite, in spite of而不是：rather than, instead相反：by contrast, in contrast条件关系词：只要：as long as, providing, provided, on condition (conj)只有：only条件：condition, experimental condition无论：regardless of whether, no matter what/how, whatever, however, soever (adv)比率：rate, ratio, percentage, portion重要：important, crucial, significant, importance, significance, indispensable不重要：dispensable, insignificant, unimportant复杂的：sophisticated, complex, complicated部分地：partially事与愿违的：counterproductive有害,不方便：harmful, inconvenient无害：harmless有好处：benefit, benefit from为了：for the sake of关于：with regard to, concerning, in regards to统计，数据，调查：statistics, statistically, data, survey, investigation, study, demographic, statistical integrity方面：respect, aspect, ground, facet评价，评估：evaluate, assess, appraise类比：analogy, analogical deduction推广：generalize hastily基于：be based on, be on the basis of按实际情况来说：as it stands如下：as follows种类：sort, kind, variety, type多样：diverse, varieties of几个搭配：problematic result, indefensible conclusion, gratuitous inference (assumption)一组词汇：effect 结果，影响effective 有效的effectiveness 效用affect 影响influent 流入的influence 影响（v，n）句型：因果关系：1: Comprehensive analysis is necessary to identify the actual cause of2: The arguer’s reasoning linking A with B seems reasonable on the surface.3: The fact that A happened after B accomplishes nothing towards bolstering the causalrelationship between them.4: The correlation between A and B (coincidence) is not a good indication of the causal relationship between them.5: Accordingly, ***6: reach the conclusion that ***让步句式：1: The fact that ***, while ***, ***2: Though ***, ***, nevertheless, ***3: It is true that ***; however, ***4: Conceding that ***, *** nevertheless ***5: Admitting that ***; in fact, ***6: Admittedly, ***; however, ***7: In spite of ***, ***, though.8: Reasonable as this assertion seems, it rests on the dubious reasoning.错误假设：1: The argument rests on the gratuitous assumption that ***2: The fundamental assumption that *** depends on the questionable fact that ***3: The assumption requires more concrete evidence and is not justified by the facts so far available.错误类比：1: impose the restriction that *** on ***2: The two situations are not similar enough to justify the analogical deduction / comparability草率推广：1: Unless all other conditions potentially affecting *** remains constant, it is unwarranted that ***.2: While it is true that ***, this is not true for ***3: the generalization on the basis of a sample consisting of atypical cases.条件:1: have the similar condition 条件相似2: in this condition 在这样的条件下3: in conditions of 在……条件下4: in this situation 在这种场合5: under the circumstances 在这种情况下其他句型：1: fail to account for the possibility that *** / alternative explanations2: How much heavier is it than *** （提问比较级）3: Men cover 20% of them.4: What is the ratio of ***?5: What is the percentage of the group covered by men?6: As an indication of ***, the author cites ***.7: Coincide with ***8: Without ruling out the alternative explanations above, ***9: The survey conducted by the scholars is not demographically (statistically) reliable.10: Close scrutiny of the evidence the author cites reveals that this argument is not cogent as itstands.11: Though well presented by the argument, the evidence ***补充句式1: There is no logical justification for ***2: In light of a variety of alternative explanations, the causal relationship between A and B is at least partially undermined.3: There are a great number of possibilities, failed to be considered, such as ***4: The example cited, while suggestive of these trends, is insufficient to warrant the further assertion that ***.承接：Incidentally, *** 顺便说Aside from the foregoing fallacies, ***In factActuallyNor does/is ***The same is true that ***first of all, firstly, secondly, on the one hand, on the other hand, additionally, furthermore, moreover结尾段：引导词：in sum, to sum up, in summary, all in all, in a word, consequently句式：1: The foregoing logical fallacies render this argument lacking persuasion (cogency, credibility) 2: The logical flaws above reveals this argument is open to doubt.3: To better evaluate it, I would need to know ***4: To find the exact cause of ***, further examination should be conducted.5: Conduct a thorough investigation6: As it stands, this argument suffers from the logical flaws above, which render it unconvincing on the former grounds (in the former respects).模式：1：北美范文式结构开头：一句话引用论据和结论，再用一句指出错误，引出下文中间：针对各个逻辑错误分段论证，每一段里：指出错误——举反例，列他因——总结结尾：再次指出论证的不完善，然后提出改进方案。
Argument 笔记大全
Argument 核心词汇：questionable(有疑问的), fallacious( [fəˈleɪʃəs] 谬误的，不合理的), unconvincing(没有说服力的)，open to doubt （值得怀疑），unfounded（无事实根据的），be biased against , unwarranted([ʌnˈwɔ:rəntɪd]没有根据的，无正当理由的)，indefensible（无法防御的，站不住脚的），groundless（无理由的，无根据的），problematic（成问题的，有疑问的），unsounded（未经探测的，深度未明的），untenable（难以防守的，站不住脚的），unreliable（不可靠的，不可信任的），dubious（[ˈdubiəs]半信半疑的，可疑的），unpersuasive（无说服力的），flawed（有缺陷的）, unsubstantiated([,ʌnsəb'stænʃi,eitid] adj. 未经证实的; 没有事实根据的)一、开头(一)直接陈述式1、转述题目中的中心结论The author concludes that …This speaker draws the conclusion that …In this argument the author reaches the conclusion that…2、转述题目对该结论的支持言论或解释The reasons offered to support this conclusion ar e that …To support this conclusion, the speaker claims that …H is evidence is that …3、指出题目不具备说服力This argument suffers from several critical problems and is therefore unfounded.This line of reasoning is open doubt for a couple of reasons.This argument is biased because the author oversimplifies the problem and its solutions .(二)建议式1、转述题目中的建议This arguments advises/ suggests /recommends that…The advice /suggestion / proposal / recommendation endorsed in argument is that …2、转述该建议的根据The reason cited are that …The basis for this recommendation is that …In support of this reason the author cites these for statistics:3、指出题目是不具备说服力的The reasoning in this argument is problematic in several critical respects.A careful examination of this argument would reveal how groundless the conclusion is.This argument is fraught with（充满）vague (模糊的), oversimplified and unwarranted claims.This argument relies on a series of unsubstantiated assumptions , which render it indefensible.二、文章主体部分(一)基本结构逻辑连接词+驳斥分析1、逻辑连接词首先：in the first place/ to begin / start withA threshold problem with the argument includes…The chief /major /primary problem with the argument is …其次：furthermore/ moreover/ in addition / what is moreAnother point worth considering is that …Another problem that weakens / undermines the logic of最后：in the end / in the final analysisThe last problem with the argument is that it unfairly infers that …A final problem involves the assertion is that …2、驳斥分析1)列出错误的说法●作者说：The author (unfairly / falsely) assumes /assets /claims /states /advocates / implies / infers/reasons that …●题目的其中一个问题是：A problem with the argument is that it unfairly infers / deduces that …●作者……的说法/想法/做法是不可信的：The speaker’s claim/ idea /solution concerning … is not compelling(令人信服的) / well-reasoned（合乎逻辑的）/reliable （可信赖的）/persuasive（能说服的）2)分析该说法的思路或理由●作者的理由/证据是……The author’s reason / evidence /proof is that …●作者的推理过程是……The line of reasoning / inference of this argument is that …●作者这个说法基于一个理由……The editorial relies a(an) supposition / assumption that …3)指出该说法不具备说服力●但是，作者的推理是站不住脚的。
2020考研英语词汇：argument的中文翻译解析.doc
2020考研英语词汇：argument的中文翻译解考研英语有许多题目组成，方便大家及时了解，下面由小编为你精心准备了“2020考研英语词汇：argument的中文翻译解析”，持续关注本站将可以持续获取更多的考试资讯!2020考研英语词汇：argument的中文翻译解析argument的中文意思名词1.[C,U]争论，争吵，争辩，辩论2.可数名词：论据，理由，论点3.不可数名词：辩论单controversy侧重指深刻的意见分歧，多指对引起广泛兴趣或非常重要的问题的辨论。
argument指辩论双方均以事实或理由来说服对方的辨论。
conflict指双方坚持已见、互不妥协，怀有敌意的争论，多暗示分歧极为严重，有时用语言无法解决，只得诉诸武力。
debate通常指经过仔细组织和计划的个人或团体之间的辩论。
dispute普通用词，侧重指长时间，言词激烈，针锋相对的争辩。
quarrel普通用词，既可指言词激烈的争吵，也可指温和的言词上的不和。
strife指因不可缓和的矛盾而引起的争吵或斗殴。
英语解释acontentiousspeechact;adisputewherethereisstrongdisagreementafactassertion offered as evidence that something istruea discussion inwhich reasons are advanced foragainst some proposition or proposala variableinalogicalor mathematical expression whose value determinesdependent variable;iff(x)=y,xisthe independent variablea summaryofthe subjectorplotaliterary workorplayormovie例句Indeed, shehadquitealong argument withlory, who at last turned sulky, and would only say, `Iam older than you, andknowbetter'你瞧，爱丽丝已经同鹦鹉辩论了好长时间了，最后鹦鹉生气了，一个劲儿地说:“我比你年龄大，也就肯定比你知道得多。
2020考研英语词汇：argument的中文翻译解析
2020考研英语词汇：argument的中文翻译解析考研英语有许多题目组成，方便大家及时了解，下面为你精心准备了“2020考研英语词汇：argument的中文翻译解析”，持续关注本站将可以持续获取的考试资讯!2020考研英语词汇：argument的中文翻译解析argument 的中文意思名词1.[C,U]争论，争吵，争辩，辩论2.可数名词：论据，理由，论点3.不可数名词：辩论单词分析这组名词均有“争执、不和”之意。
controversy侧重指深刻的意见分歧，多指对引起广泛兴趣或非常重要的问题的辨论。
argument指辩论双方均以事实或理由来说服对方的辨论。
conflict指双方坚持已见、互不妥协，怀有敌意的争论，多暗示分歧极为严重，有时用语言无法解决，只得诉诸武力。
debate通常指经过仔细组织和计划的个人或团体之间的辩论。
dispute普通用词，侧重指长时间，言词激烈，针锋相对的争辩。
quarrel普通用词，既可指言词激烈的争吵，也可指温和的言词上的不和。
strife指因不可缓和的矛盾而引起的争吵或斗殴。
英语解释a contentious speech act; a dispute where there is strong disagreementa fact or assertion offered as evidence that something is truea discussion in which reasons are advanced for and against some proposition or proposala variable in a logical or mathematical expression whose value determines the dependent variable; if f(x)=y, x is the independent variablea summary of the subject or plot of a literary work or play or movie例句Indeed, she had quite a long argument with the lory, who at last turned sulky, and would only say, `I am older than you, and must know better'你瞧，爱丽丝已经同鹦鹉辩论了好长时间了，最后鹦鹉生气了，一个劲儿地说:“我比你年龄大，也就肯定比你知道得多。
GRE写作ARGUMENT常用词汇
GRE写作:ARGUMENT常用词汇只有在GRE写作中做到语句通顺衔接自然，才能令阅卷人读得舒畅，也才能获得新GRE 写作高分。
下面是汇总整理的一些关于逻辑词的GREargument写作常用词汇，希望能够对大家有所帮助。
一系列:a series of; in a row;好像、可能：likely; possible; probably; perhaps; as though; maybe; may; might;解决方案：solution; approach; recipe; scheme方面：angles; aspect; facet; side; viewpoint;in all respects; in many fields;highlight an aspect of;in all likelihood;获得：acquire; gain; attain; achieve; pursue;影响;interfere with~;have/exert a profound influence on life/personality;have a dramatic/undesirable effect on;满足：meet; satisfy; accommodate the demand of; be accustomed to;很明显的：it is conceivable/ obvious/ apparent;conspicuous; strikingly; notably;类比：apply specifically/equally to;以上就是GRE写作argument常用词汇，包括一系列、好像、可能等，大家可以挑选自己熟悉的进行背诵，在写作时进行运用，帮助写出顺畅的GRE作文。
argument的用法总结大全
argument的用法总结大全（学习版）编制人：__________________审核人：__________________审批人：__________________编制学校：__________________编制时间：____年____月____日序言下载提示：该文档是本店铺精心编制而成的，希望大家下载后，能够帮助大家解决实际问题。
文档下载后可定制修改，请根据实际需要进行调整和使用，谢谢!并且，本店铺为大家提供各种类型的经典范文，如英语单词、英语语法、英语听力、英语知识点、语文知识点、文言文、数学公式、数学知识点、作文大全、其他资料等等，想了解不同范文格式和写法，敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by this editor.I hope that after you download it, it can help you solve practical problems. The document can be customized and modified after downloading, please adjust and use it according to actual needs, thank you!In addition, this shop provides various types of classic sample essays, such as English words, English grammar, English listening, English knowledge points, Chinese knowledge points, classical Chinese, mathematical formulas, mathematics knowledge points, composition books, other materials, etc. Learn about the different formats and writing styles of sample essays, so stay tuned!argument的用法总结大全argument的意思argument的简明意思n. 辩论；论点；论据；争论；理由；(函数)自变量英式发音 ['ɑːɡjumənt] 美式发音 ['ɑːrɡjumənt]argument的详细意思在英语中，argument不仅具有上述意思，还有更详尽的用法，argument作名词 n. 时具有辩论，争论，争吵，争执，争辩;论点;论据，理由;论证，说理;情节;内容提要，梗概，摘要，大纲;【数】(矢量的)辐角，(函数的)自变数，(复数的)辐角，幅度等意思，argument的具体用法用作名词 n.argument的基本意思是指互相认识或不认识的个人之间的“争论，争吵，辩论”，可以是理性的摆事实、讲道理，也可以是诉诸感情的激烈争论。
Argument中的难词表
Argument中的难词前言从网上下载很多知识准备考试，很感谢那些无名英雄们给我们的无私帮助，这里也把我的一点经验分享给大家argument一般陈述内容比较多，有的时候不太容易一眼看出来说的是什么。
在考试之前最好把所有题目至少过一遍，全部看懂。
我在背了红宝书之后半年多一直没有看书，再回头看argument发觉不少词比较陌生，参考网友的意见，加入了我认为容易记错的词# 难词表单词1 单词1翻译单词2 单词2翻译单词3 单词3翻译单词4 单词4翻译0 principal 校长editor 主编memorandum 备忘录1 weight training andaerobics减肥训练和体操anticipate 预测预见3 incentives 激励的4 real estate firms 房地产经纪公司5 arthritis 关节炎pharmaceutical 药房clincial 临床的7 respiratory 呼吸道8 snack 快餐9 implemented 执行inflat 贬值10 dairy farms 奶牛农场profit 利润11 consultants 顾问landfill 废物填充场12 fatigue 疲劳deprivation 剥夺，缺少13 substantial 大量的squirrel 松鼠14 three months in a row 连续三个月15 cholesterol 胆固醇16 lottery 彩票tax revenues 税收17 advocate 鼓吹，提议18 lane 车道restore 恢复19 surge 涌起duplicate 复制stadium 体育馆20 mopeds 自行车助力车pedestrian 行人21 fabric 衣料deluxe 质量高的豪华的alpaca 羊驼呢绒pent-up 被压抑的24 inducement 引诱物25 municipal 市政的glof course andresort度假26 rehearsal 排练28 tardiness 迟到superintendent 主管人，负责人29 run for 竞选31 sheer folly 很愚蠢32 merchandise 商品33 distinctive ceramic 独特的陶瓷archaeologist 考古学家34 osteoporosis 骨质疏松症fractures 骨折35 Salicylates 水杨酸酯preservatives 防腐剂flavor 香料36 anthropologist 人类学家rear 培养37 woven 编织的vicinity 地区game 猎物野味berry 果实38 innovative 革新39 long=distancedegreeprogram远程教学expenditures fordormitory宿舍的费用budget deficits 财政赤字40 chemicalpreservatives化学残留物food tasting fair 食品试吃会organic food有机食品，绿色食品41 pest-control services 杀虫服务pest 害虫42 ecologically 生态的soundtourism(ecotourism)生态游per capitaincome人均收入43 prevent them fromgoing to the moviesmore than five timesper year看电影的次数每年减少至少5次45 habitat 栖息地47 meteorite 小行星extant 现存的boom 隆隆声48 fittness 健康expenditure 花费49 greesy 油腻的acne 痤疮50 evaporate 蒸发comets 彗星comedy 喜剧50 gravitational 重力的molt 融化51 secondary infections 二次感染preliminary 初步antibiotics 抗生素51 recuperation 康复diagnosed 诊断muscle strain 肌肉损伤52 apprenticeships 学长supervision 监督recruit 招聘53 mild distress 轻微紧张stimuli 刺激odor 气味53 conceived 受孕hormone 荷尔蒙54 floss 牙线hygiene 卫生mint flavor 薄荷香味gum 牙床55 commuters 乘客avid 积极questionnaire 问卷调查56 miniature 微雕prize 欣赏depict 刻画57 multimineral 多种矿物质的ulcer 溃疡dietary 营养的，食物的pill 药片58 inscription 墓铭artifact 人工制品hoax 骗局58 alphabet 文学genuine artifact 真正的文物perpetrated 图谋的，设计的59 flu epidermics 流行性感冒prolonged 长时间的60 arthritis 关节炎61 proficient 熟练地，精通的63 ample 充足的bench 长椅64 intensive 集中的65 subscribers 报刊订阅者inventory 库存discontinue 中断68 Symphony orchestra 交响乐团69 trout 鲑鱼tadpole 蝌蚪virtually 真正地quadruple 四倍70 incautiously 不谨慎地71 copper 铜ore 矿石72 perfrontal lobe 前额clinical depression 临床抑郁症73 leasing 租赁outright 完全的74 dropouts 辍学vocational 职业培训75 obesity 肥胖proportion 比例suburbanization 城市郊区化chore 零工76 face cream 面霜77 earthquake-prone area 地震易发区exempt 例外78 gazelle 小羚羊80 odorless 无味industrial byproduct工业副产品rash 炎症81 overreaction of theimmune system免疫系统的过度反应drinking fountain 水龙头irritant 刺激物dander 皮屑82 charcoal 木炭83 over-the-counter drug OTC非处方药prescription 药方appreciably 明显地put off 放弃84 main course & dessert 主菜和甜点85 unprecedentedprosperity空前的繁荣87 pottery 陶器appeal to 吸引88 carbohydrates 碳水化合物early mortality 夭折optimal 有利的mummy 木乃伊89 toll 通行费revenues 税收90 pharmacies 药店ultrasound 超声波stroke 中风90 probe 探针for a fee 交了一定费用之后plaque artery 动脉91 dieticians 营养学家endurance 耐力strenuous 力量型的athletic 体育的94 whirlpool 漩涡tub 桶101 soybean 大豆102 flight hub 航空枢纽105 contagious 传染性的106 reservoir 水库107 upkeep of the docks 维护码头fishing fleet 渔船们cruise ship 大船108 algae 水藻herbicide 除草剂scrub 擦洗exclusive 专门的110 impair 损害，减少bulb 灯泡111 patented 专利112 notorious 臭名昭著的object 目标，拒绝116 as the nearbyresidentaldevelopment getscloser to fillcapacity随着附近入住率接近全满117 stapler 订书机impressive 显著的paper shredder 碎纸机120 helmet 头盔121 retreat 进修122 reimburse 补偿124 coverage 版面125 reunion 聚会alumni 校友treat 招待banquet 宴会128 pedestrian plaze 步行广场parking garage 停车楼131 sanctuary 圣所，保护区abandon ourrequlations废止我们的规定dumping 倾倒废物133 abolish 废止134 aspire 向往prestigious 有威望的135 devote 投入137 rank 把--分等级138 pledge 保证automible 汽车139 incentive 激励stake 奖金，坐庄140 botany 植物学demonstrate 证实141 tropical 热带的143 downsizing 裁员impression 感觉contradict 矛盾144 poll 调查145 snore 打呼噜149 seminar 研讨会150 amphibians 两栖动物trout 鲑鱼151 deteriorated 恶化severe 剧烈negligence 粗心大意152 Erosion 侵蚀replenishing 补充153 prime time 黄金时段154 vigorous 激烈的155 turn away from 放弃attest 证实156 academy 学院158 proximity 相关性159 enzyme 酶160 break down 分解162 chronic fatigue 假性疲劳164 futuristic 未来派的donation 捐助165 dizzy 眩晕nausea 恶心tuna 金枪鱼166 drowsiness 睡意over-the-counterdrugOTC非处方药prescription 处方misle 误导167 scent 香味lavender flower 薰衣草 a folk remedy 偏方insomnia 失眠168 bone fractures 骨折a wlightweighliftingprogram轻微的举重活动hip 屁股170 oysters 牡蛎devise 设计172 ample 充足的176 margarine 人造黄油metabolic response 代谢反应177 restricted 限制179 poultry 家禽180 seminar 研讨会subscription 订阅181 adolescent 青少年183 proliferation 激增，繁殖185 showerhead 喷头189 liberal 自由主义的195 maintain a residence 拥有一处住所back fire 回火，失败，事与愿违198 distinguish 区别，辨别cliche 陈词滥调unwarranted 没有依据的199 gratuity 赏钱gratuitous 免费的，无理由的200 faint 晕倒distress 悲痛anesthetic 麻醉201 cholesterol 胆固醇fourfold 四倍203 feature story 故事，正片204 peanut 花生205 vandalism 损坏公物patrols 巡逻206 psychological 心理学的207 salamander 蜥蜴208 conserve energy 节省能源anticipate 预计209 agenerous severancepackage丰厚的服务补偿213 bargain 折扣215 reservoir 水库impose 强加216 estate 庄园私有土地consistent 温和的outlying 偏远的physician 医生217 franchise 特许权222 prestige 威望227 glory 繁荣skateboarding 滑板congregate 聚集227 litter and defacedproperty废弃物和损毁公物228 booming 贸易等的繁荣230 comprehensive 综合的adapte for 采用233 mar 损伤234 hectic 发热的236 do away with 取消238 trustee 保管人，理事239 outraged 愤怒idle 空转curfew 宵禁令loiter 徘徊241 if they so desire 如果他们需要时propose 计划，求婚242 combat 与---战斗endeavor 尽力conduct 行为，指导。
Argument 常用论证句式
Argument 常用论证句式常用版I.Reasoning Fallacy先给出原来的逻辑推理过程，然后指出假设的谬误、不合理性，逻辑推理出现的错误：如证据不充分，缺乏因果关系，或者忽略了其他重要方面，或者以偏概全、片面得出结论。
A．给出原来的逻辑+指出推理的歪曲1．Giving that___________, S arguing that omits/neglects/overlooks__________,thereby distorting that____________.2．The author intends to provide us with bias evidence, thereby misleading that________.This belief, however, is consequently biased.3．Certain that________, it’s not necessary to mean that____________.4．Certain that________, it does not necessarily imply that__________.5．The fact that_________ does not necessarily imply that___________.B．论证过程中的假设出错：假设不切实际，不符合常识情理等1.The argument simply equates______ with_______, which is unwarranted.2.The assumption in short of legitimacy is the causal relationship claimed betweendoing___.3.The arguer’s conclusion depends on a gratuitous assumption____.4.The author’s conclusion has been drawn from the questionable assumption that____.5.The argument rests on the unreasonable assumption that_________.6.The argument relies on the gratuitous assumption that__________.7.The author assumes that__________, where only little correlation has been indicated.8.This assumptionis presenting(strongly recommended)/presents a false/tricky dilemma by doing_______,since the____________.C．证据不充足不确凿、无或杜撰因果联系a.fact 不能说明conclusion1.The fact that______ is insufficient evidence to____________.2.The mere fact that_________ lends no strong support to the conclusion that________.3.The mere fact that__________ does not ensure that_________.4.The mere fact that__________ does not prove that_______.5.The mere fact that__________ does not validate/substantiate that________.6.The mere fact that________ does not necessarily imply that_______.b.证据不足1.The author provides no evidence that__要证明的东西__.2.The arguer fails to provide any evidence that___________.3.The evidence upon which the argument relies is too vague to validate the assumption that_.4.The evidence on which the argument restsis not sufficient to prove that_______.5.The evidence provided in the argument is not sufficient to validate the assumption that___.6.The author has drawn a hasty conclusion which is based on inadequate evidence about_______.7.The argument is unacceptable if there is no compelling evidence to support the connection between A and B.c.无法建立因果联系1.The argument fails to establish a causal relationship of A and B.2.The editorial fails to establish a relationship of A and B.3.The excerpt assumes no causal relationship of A and B.4.The arguer fails to provide any information concerning__________.D．指出作者忽略某些重要因素，以削弱作者论证的可信度1.The argument fails to rule out a possibility that_____________.mon sense tells us that__________,/Experience tells us that______,(1) however, the author’s argument contradict it directly.(2) whichis in conflict with the author’s argument that____________.(3) which is in opposite to the author’s argument that____________.cking more specific information about ___________, it is impossible to assess the reliability of the survey’sresults /to draw such a questionable conclusion.4.Unless the author can demonstrate that _______, the author’s concern about these issues is unfounded.5.The editorial fails to take into account the trivial differences between A and B.6.The author fails to consider and rule out other factors that might account for something.7.The arguer ignores to take into account other likely benefits/disadvantages of something that have exerted aninfluence on something.E．指出作者以偏概全，片面论证1.While this is true, it is not necessary to generalize that_________.2.While this is true that_________, it’s not true of everyone.3.While this might be true in some cases, it is equally possible that ________.4.The arguer assumes that what is true of a group as a whole is necessarily true of each member of that group.5.The arguer assumes that what is true of people taken collectively is also true of any individual within thatgroup.6.The argument attributes a characteristic of an individual member of a group to the group as a whole.7.The arguer generalizes from what is true in an area to what must be true in all regions.8.The arguer generalizes on the basis of a sample that consisting of atypical cases.9.The arguer uses a few of exceptional cases as the basis for a claim about what is true in general.F．表面上看逻辑正确，实际上漏洞百出II.Statistical Fallacy1.The author provides no assurances that the survey on which the argument depends is statistically reliable.2.Unless the survey’s respondents are representative of the overall population of _________, the author cannotrely on it to predict the success of ____________.A.What the procedure was used?B.How large was the sample?1.The fewer respondents, the less reliable the study’s results.C.Are the statistics misleading vague?D.Are the statistics complete?1.The excerpt provides no information about the number of respondents or their occupational or residentialprofiles.2. The narrower the spectrum of occupations and geographic areas represented among respondents, themore likely that ___________________.3. Unless a sufficient number of subjects from diverse geographic areas and occupations respondedaccurately and on a regular basis, and unless accurate responses were made on behalf of deceased subjects, I simply cannot accept the editorial’s conclusion.E.Are the statistics important?F.When was the survey conducted?G.Are the statistics expressed in an average figure?H.Does the arguer confuse cause with correlation?。
GMAT写作Argument词汇及备考建议
GMAT写作Argument常用词汇及建议wordsGratuitous不必要的,未要求的In the first place,this argument rests on a gratuitous assumption that….Fallacy错误的见解;错误的推论The author commits a fallacy of causal oversimplification.commits the fallacyFallacious谬误的，不合理的But this is fallacious reasoning unless other possible causal explanations have been considered and ruled out.Causal具有因果关系的;构成原因的But this is fallacious reasoning unless other possible causal explanations have been considered and ruled out.rule out宣布…不可能;排除…的可能性But this is fallacious reasoning unless other possible causal explanations have been considered and ruled out.Unsounded未经探测的,深度未明的One example is logically unsounded to establish a general conclusion(The statistics from only a few recent years are not necessarily a good indicator of future trends),unless it can be shown that A1is representative of all A.Unwarranted没有根据的,无正当理由的2.无保证的3.未经授权的In fact,in face of such limited evidence,the conclusion that B is completely unwarranted. analogous相似的,可比拟The argument rests on the assumption that A is analogous to B in all respects.justification正当的理由;辩解的理由The author assumes without justification that the background conditions have remained the same at different times or at different locations.Informative提供信息的The poll cited by the author is too vague to be informative.★seven sins第一宗罪：无因果联系The author commits a fallacy of causal oversimplification.The line of the reasoning is that because A occurred before B,the former event is responsible for the latter.(The author uses the positive correlation between A and B to establish causality.However,the fact that A coincides with B does not necessarily prove that A caused B.)But this is fallacious reasoning unless other possible causal explanations have been considered and ruled out. For example,perhaps C is the cause of these events or perhaps B is caused by D.第二宗罪Insufficient-sampleThe evidence the author provides is insufficient to support the conclusion drawn from it. One example is logically unsounded to establish a general conclusion(The statistics from only a few recent years are not necessarily a good indicator of future trends),unless it can be shown that A1is representative of all A.It is possible that....In fact,in face of such limited evidence,the conclusion that B is completely unwarranted.第三宗罪:错误类比(based on a false analogy)<横向>The argument rests on the assumption that A is analogous to B in all respects.This assumption is weak,since although there are points of comparison between A and B,there is much dissimilarity as well.For example,A...,however,B....Thus,it is likely much moredifficult for B to do....第四宗罪all things are equal<纵向>The author commits the fallacy of“all things are equal”.The fact that happened two years ago is not a sound evidence to draw a conclusion that....The author assumes without justification that the background conditions have remained the same at different times or at different locations.However,it is not clear in this argument whether the current conditions at AA are the same as they used to be two years ago.Thus it is impossible to conclude that....第五宗罪Either-Or choiceThe author assumes that AA and BB are mutually exclusive alternatives and there is no room for a middle ground.However,the author provides no reason for imposing an either-or mon sense tells us that adjusting both AA and BB might produce better results.第六宗罪survey is doubtfulThe poll cited by the author is too vague to be informative.The claim does not indicate who conducted the poll,who responded,or when,where and how the poll was conducted. (Lacking information about the number of people surveyed and the number of respondents, it is impossible to access the validity of the results.For example,if200persons were surveyed but only2responded,the conclusion that...would be highly suspect.Because the argument offers no evidence that would rule out this kind of interpretations,)Until these questions are answered,the results of the survey are worthless as evidence for the conclusion.第七宗罪gratuitous assumptionThe author falsely depends on gratuitous assumption that....However,no evidence is stated in the argument to support this assumption.In fact,this is not necessarily the case. For example,it is more likely that....Therefore,this argument is unwarranted without ruling out such possibility.我的作文复习过程看了一遍800分作文（不包括范文），这是我首推的复习资料。
2020考研英语词汇：argument的中文翻译解析
2020考研英语词汇：argument的中文翻译解析 考研英语有许多题目组成，方便大家及时了解，下面由出国留学网小编为你精心准备了“2020考研英语词汇：argument 的中文翻译解析”，持续关注本站将可以持续获取更多的考试资讯! 2020考研英语词汇：argument的中文翻译解析 argument的中文意思 名词 1.[C,U]争论，争吵，争辩，辩论 2.可数名词：论据，理由，论点 3.不可数名词：辩论 单词分析 这组名词均有“争执、不和”之意。
controversy侧重指深刻的意见分歧，多指对引起广泛兴趣或非常重要的问题的辨论。
argument指辩论双方均以事实或理由来说服对方的辨论。
conflict指双方坚持已见、互不妥协，怀有敌意的争论，多暗示分歧极为严重，有时用语言无法解决，只得诉诸武力。
debate通常指经过仔细组织和计划的个人或团体之间的辩论。
dispute普通用词，侧重指长时间，言词激烈，针锋相对的争辩。
quarrel普通用词，既可指言词激烈的争吵，也可指温和的言词上的不和。
strife指因不可缓和的矛盾而引起的争吵或斗殴。
英语解释 a contentious speech act; a dispute where there is strong disagreement a fact or assertion offered as evidence that something is true a discussion in which reasons are advanced for and against some proposition or proposal a variable in a logical or mathematical expression whose value determines the dependent variable; if f(x)=y, x is the independent variable a summary of the subject or plot of a literary work or play or movie 例句 Indeed, she had quite a long argument with the lory, who at last turned sulky, and would only say, `I am older than you, and must know better' 你瞧，爱丽丝已经同鹦鹉辩论了好长时间了，最后鹦鹉生气了，一个劲儿地说:“我比你年龄大，也就肯定比你知道得多。
Argument常用句型
Argument常用句型开头：(1)In this memo/letter, the vice president/arguer/author recommends that…To support this recommendation, the president/arguer/author cites that…/cites the following facts about… Close scrutiny of each of these facts, however, reveals that none of them lend credible support to the recommendation.(2)This article concludes/points out that…to justify this conclusion the article’s author notes that… I find this argument logically unconvincing in several respects.(3)The author claims that…To support this claim, the author points out that…He also cites various other evident that…Careful examination of this supporting evidence, however, reveals that it lends little credible support to the author’s claim.(4)This editorial recommends that… To support this recommendation the editorial cites…On the basis of this evidence the author infers that…This argument is logically flawed/problematic in several critical respects.(5)However, the recommendation relies on a series of unsubstantiated assumptions, which render it unconvincing as it stands.(6)The author points out that…the author reasons that… On the basis of this line of reasoning the author concludes that…This argument contains several logical flaws, which render it unconvincing.(7) recommend/suggest/advice/propose结尾(1)To sum up, the article has not convinced me that… To bolster the argument the article’s author must provide clear evidence that...To better assess the argument I would need to know …I would also need to…(2)In conclusion, the argument is unpersuasive as it stands. To strengthen it the author must provide clear evidence that…The author must also show that…Finally, to better evaluate the argument we would need more information about…(3)The author must rule out all other possible explanations for…(4)In sum, the argument relies on several pool assumptions and is therefore unconvincing as it stands.(5)In summary, without actual cost and income estimates, this argument is based on nothing more than pure speculation and perhaps wishful thinking.(6)In summary, the writer has done nothing more than state an opinion with some anecdotal information included that proves nothing.(7)In sum, the editorial relies on a potentially weak analogy as well as on a series of unwarranted claims.(8)In sum, the argument is logically unsound/not well justified.(9)The author must also provide a cost-benefit analysis that account for…(10)The speaker must also assume me that the study was performed in a controlled environment where all other factors possibly affecting …remained constant.主体1.用于攻击差异概念的句式：(1)A does not necessarily indicate that B(2)A is little indication that B.(3)A accomplishes nothing toward bolstering the recommendation that…(4) The author falsely equates A with B.(5)A typify/be representative of B(6)Even assuming…, it is nevertheless impossible to assess the author’s broader contention that..(7)Absent either a clear definition of the term or clear evidence that…, the author’s contention that… is simply unjustified.2.用于攻击因果关系的句式：(1) The article fails to account for the alternative explanation(s) for …, thus the article’s author cannot make any sound recommendations to…(2)The mere fact that…hardly suffices to prove…(3)In short, without account for other factors that might contribute to…, the author cannot justify the claim that…(4)Without eliminating this possibility, the author cannot rely on the national survey to conclude that…(5)Given these possible scenarios, the fact that… proves nothing about…(6)Any of these scenarios, if true, would cast considerable doubt on the argument’s conclusion that…(7)Thus, lacking evidence that… the argument’s claim that…is dubious/unjustified.3.表达作者没有考虑某些情况的句式：(1)Since the author has not adequately responded to this concern, his claim that…is untenable.(2)Without ruling out other possible reasons for A … cannot convince me on the basis of them that B, let alone that…(3)Since the editorial fails to rule out these and other possible explanations for…I cannot accept any conclusions about…(4)Since the author provides no evidence to substantiate this assumption it is equally possible that…(5)Thus, without more marketing information about…it is difficult to assess the merit of the memo’s recommendation.(6)Lacking such evidence it is entirely possible that…(7)The author ignores a host of other possible explanations for…(8)The author overlooks a myriad of other possible reasons for…(9)In either event, the author could not justifiably rely on the mere fact that…to support the claim that…(10)Since the author has failed to consider and rule out these possibilities, the author’s assertion that… cannot be taken seriously.(11)Aside from the problems involving…, the author’s conclusion that…is unwarranted.4.攻击证据不支持结论/因果关系的句式：(1)Nor does the mere fact that…lend significant support to…(2)A direct correlation between… does not necessarily prove that the former causes the latter.(3)While a high correlation is strong evidence of a causal relationship, in itself it is not sufficient.(3)Moreover, the author has not shown any correlation, let alone a cause-and-effect relationship, between…and…(4)The author fails to establish the causal relationship between A and B/The author fails to convince us that A contributes to B/The author provides no evidence that A is the reasonassigning a false cause to…5.用于攻击调查数据的：(1)The author provides no evidences that the survey’s respondents are representative of the overall group of people…Lacking such evidence, it is entirely possible that people inclined to …were more willing to respond to the survey than other people were. In short, without better evidence that the survey is statistically reliable the author cannot rely on it to draw any firm conclusions about…(2)The author provides no evidence that the study’s results are statistically reliable. In order to establish a strong correlation between…the study’s sample must be sufficient in size and representative of the overall population of…. Lacking evidence of a sufficiently representative sample, the author cannot justifiably rely on the study to draw any conclusion.(3)The number of participants might constitute an insufficiently small sample to draw any reliable conclusions about…(4) The argument fails to indicate what portion of the people surveyed actually respond; the smaller this portion, the less reliable the results.(5)Lacking information about randomness and size of the survey’s sample, the director cannot make a convincing argument based on that survey.其他句式：(1)Thus, without better evidence that…, the author remains unconvincing.(2)Yet the memo contains no evidence to supports this assumption.(3)The author fails to consider any other… that might help… attain the same goal.(4)让步: even if …/given that…, it is entirely possible that…Even if the memo’s author can substantiate the foregoing assumptions, the author overlooks/omits the possibility that…(5)递进: besides/moreover/additionally(6)列举:For example/For instance/Other relevant factors might include…(6)It would go a long way toward explaining…(7)It would weaken/undermine the applicant’s assertion that…(8)Accordingly, the argument rests on the assumption that…(9)The argument assumes unfairly that…(10)A threshold problem with the argument involves…(11)A cause/explain/serve to/account for/be due to/be responsible for/lead to/be attributable to/result in (from)/contribute to B.(12)A对于实现B可能并不是充分且必要的：The manager assumes that…are both necessaryand sufficient for this purpose, yet the manager has not provided any evidence to substantiate either assumption.Without weighing the proposal against alternatives, the article’s claim that…is wholly unconvincing.(13)It is unreasonable to infer that…(14)Profitability is a function of both revenue and expense. Without weighing revenue against expenses the argument’s conclusion is premature at best.(15)The nationwide study showing…does not necessarily apply to…(16)Without accounting for such differences any analogy between …is premature, and any conclusion based on that analogy is unjustified.(16)未考虑时间变化：the author’s inference that…rests on the poor assumption that duringthe…(the interim) all conditions upon which their effectiveness depend have remained unchanged.(17) if so/for that matter(18)Yet the author fails to provide assurances that…(19)The author assumes too hastily that…(20)The argument suffers from “either-or” reasoning.(21)The author makes certain dubious assumptions about…(22)Lacking evidence that conditions on the two islands are relevantly similar, the author cannot convince me on the basis of …that…(23)Experience/ common sense inform us, however, that this is not the case, especially for…(24)Absent additional information about the cited studies, these studies lend no credible support to the conclusion that…(25)This argument by analogy is wholly unpersuasive.(26)The reliability of the first study rests on its statistical integrity.(27)A threshold problem involves the definition of A, the author fails to define this critical term.(28)Without a clear definition of A it is impossible to assess the strength of the argument.(29)未考虑条件变化：Unless all other conditions potentially affecting… remained constant duringthe study, and unless the study included a statistically significant number of participants, any conclusions from the study are simply unreliable.(30)Even assuming that the survey data accurately reflect A, the argument unfairly assumes that the situation at A is similar at B.(31)The author must assure me that the experiment was performed in a controlled environment where all other factors possibly affecting…remained constant.(32)In short, unless the experiment was conducted in a controlled environment in which all factors were the same for A as for B, it is impossible to draw any firm conclusions about the comparative effectiveness of… for the two counterparts.(33)自相矛盾：The author seems to make two irreconcilable claims. One is …, the other is…Thus, as it stands the argument is self-contradictory, and the author must either modify it by…,or somehow reconcile these two objectives.(34)Absent evidence that… any comparison between… is dubious at best.(35)The statistics might be distorted in one or more respects.。
argument的形容词
argument的形容词1. She is very argumentative and always wants to have the last word. 她非常好辩，总是想要争到最后一句话。
2. His argumentative attitude made it difficult to have a productive conversation. 他的好辩态度使得很难进行富有成效的对话。
3. The politician's argumentative speech failed to win over the audience. 这位政治家的好辩演讲未能赢得观众的支持。
4. During the meeting, John became argumentative and started to raise his voice. 在会议期间，约翰变得好辩并开始提高声音。
5. The students were argumentative about the best way to solve the math problem. 学生们就解决数学问题的最佳方法进行了争论。
6. The couple's argumentative behavior was causing stress in their relationship. 这对夫妇的好辩行为导致了他们关系中的压力。
7. My boss can be very argumentative, but I still respect his opinions. 我的老板可能很好辩，但我仍然尊重他的意见。
8. The debate team members were trained to be argumentative and persuasive. 辩论队成员接受了成为好辩和有说服力的培训。
9. His argumentative tone made it clear that he was not willing to compromise. 他的好辩语气表明他不愿意妥协。
argue的短语
argue的短语argue表示"争论,辩论;争吵的意思，那么你知道argue的短语有哪些吗?接下来小编为大家整理了argue的短语搭配，希望对你有帮助哦!argue的短语：argue about(v.+prep.)争论,辩论 disagree or quarrel about sth or doing sthargue about sthNobody's arguing about that.这一点已经没有争论了。
I won't argue about the matter.我不会争论这件事。
They are arguing about the implication of this poem.他们正在争论这首诗的寓意。
argue against(v.+prep.)不赞成,认为不该做express an opinion opposing sb, sth or doing sth〔说明〕 argue against不用于进行体,也不用于被动结构。
argue against sb/sth/v-ingThey argued against such a policy.他们据理反对这种政策。
argue away〔off〕(v.+adv.)辩解,不停地争论 quarrel about sth or doing sthargue away〔off〕They argued away yesterday morning.昨天上午他们一直争个没完。
argue back(v.+adv.)反驳 retortargue backEvery time I expressed an opinion, he argued back.每当我发表意见时他总是反驳。
argue down(v.+adv.)辩得(某人)无话可说 silence sb through argumentargue sb ⇔ downMrs. Hauser had argued down the landlord on this.豪斯尔太太在这点上把这个地主驳得无话可说。