跨文化商务交际--Time Across Cultures
商务英语跨文化商务沟通 - 教案
教案商务英语跨文化商务沟通教案一、引言1.1跨文化商务沟通的重要性1.1.1全球化背景下,国际商务活动日益频繁1.1.2跨文化沟通能力成为商务人士必备技能1.1.3跨文化沟通障碍可能导致商务失败1.1.4提高跨文化商务沟通能力,促进商务成功1.2教案目的1.2.1帮助学生了解跨文化商务沟通的基本概念1.2.2培养学生跨文化商务沟通的实际能力1.2.3提高学生对不同文化的敏感度和适应能力1.2.4为学生未来从事国际商务活动打下基础1.3教案结构1.3.1知识点讲解:介绍跨文化商务沟通的基本理论1.3.2教学内容:涵盖跨文化商务沟通的主要方面1.3.3教学目标:明确学生应达到的学习效果1.3.4教学难点与重点:突出教学中的关键点二、知识点讲解2.1文化差异对商务沟通的影响2.1.1语言差异:不同语言的表达方式和习惯不同2.1.2非语言差异:肢体语言、面部表情等的文化差异2.1.3商业习俗差异:谈判风格、决策方式等的文化差异2.1.4法律法规差异:不同国家的商业法律和规范不同2.2跨文化商务沟通策略2.2.1提高跨文化意识:了解不同文化的价值观和行为规范2.2.2培养跨文化沟通技巧:学习有效的沟通方法和技巧2.2.4应对跨文化冲突:学会处理文化差异带来的冲突和问题2.3跨文化商务沟通案例分析2.3.1成功案例分析:分析成功的跨文化商务沟通案例2.3.2失败案例分析:分析失败的跨文化商务沟通案例2.3.4实践应用:将案例分析应用于实际商务沟通中三、教学内容3.1跨文化商务沟通的基本概念3.1.1文化:定义和特点3.1.2跨文化:定义和特点3.1.3商务沟通:定义和特点3.1.4跨文化商务沟通:定义和重要性3.2跨文化商务沟通的主要方面3.2.1跨文化商务谈判:策略和技巧3.2.2跨文化商务礼仪:不同文化的礼仪规范3.2.3跨文化商务写作:写作风格和表达方式3.2.4跨文化商务口语:口语表达和沟通技巧3.3跨文化商务沟通的实际应用3.3.1跨文化商务沟通的实际案例3.3.2跨文化商务沟通的实际问题3.3.3跨文化商务沟通的实际策略3.3.4跨文化商务沟通的实际技巧四、教学目标4.1知识目标4.1.1了解跨文化商务沟通的基本概念和理论4.1.2掌握跨文化商务沟通的主要方面和技巧4.1.3理解不同文化对商务沟通的影响和应对策略4.2能力目标4.2.1培养学生的跨文化意识和适应能力4.2.2提高学生的跨文化商务沟通能力4.2.3培养学生解决跨文化商务沟通问题的能力4.3情感目标4.3.1培养学生对跨文化商务沟通的兴趣和热情4.3.2增强学生的跨文化商务沟通的自信心4.3.3培养学生的跨文化商务沟通的合作意识和能力五、教学难点与重点5.1教学难点5.1.1文化差异对商务沟通的影响5.1.2跨文化商务沟通策略的实际应用5.1.3跨文化商务沟通的实际案例分析5.2教学重点5.2.1跨文化商务沟通的基本概念和理论5.2.2跨文化商务沟通的主要方面和技巧5.2.3跨文化商务沟通的实际应用和案例分析六、教具与学具准备6.1教具准备6.1.1多媒体设备:用于播放相关视频和展示PPT6.1.2教学资料:包括教材、案例研究、相关阅读材料6.1.3模拟道具:如名片、合同样本等,用于模拟商务场景6.2学具准备6.2.1笔记本电脑或纸笔:用于记录重要信息和笔记6.2.2商务英语教材:用于课前预习和课后复习6.2.3跨文化商务沟通相关书籍:用于深入学习和研究6.3环境准备6.3.1安静舒适的教学环境:确保学生能集中注意力6.3.2小组讨论区域:设置小组讨论的桌椅布局6.3.3模拟商务环境:如会议室布置,增强实践感七、教学过程7.1导入新课7.1.1引入话题:通过提问或时事新闻引入跨文化商务沟通7.1.2激发兴趣:分享相关案例或故事,激发学生兴趣7.1.3明确目标:介绍本节课的学习目标和内容7.2知识讲解7.2.1讲解理论:介绍跨文化商务沟通的基本概念和理论7.2.2案例分析:分析跨文化商务沟通的案例,加深理解7.2.3技巧训练:讲解和练习跨文化商务沟通的技巧7.3实践活动7.3.1小组讨论:分组讨论跨文化商务沟通的案例或问题7.3.2角色扮演:模拟商务场景,进行角色扮演练习7.3.3案例分析:分析实际案例,提出解决方案7.4.3反思与改进:鼓励学生反思学习过程,提出改进建议八、板书设计8.1课程8.1.1商务英语跨文化商务沟通8.1.2教学目标和内容概览8.2知识点讲解8.2.1跨文化商务沟通的基本概念和理论8.2.2跨文化商务沟通的主要方面和技巧8.2.3跨文化商务沟通的实际应用和案例分析8.3教学过程8.3.1导入新课:话题引入和兴趣激发8.3.2知识讲解:理论介绍和案例分析8.3.3实践活动:小组讨论、角色扮演和案例分析九、作业设计9.1阅读作业9.1.1阅读教材相关章节:加深对跨文化商务沟通的理解9.1.2阅读相关案例研究:分析不同文化背景下的商务沟通9.1.3阅读相关书籍或文章:拓宽知识面和视野9.2实践作业9.2.1模拟商务沟通场景:进行角色扮演练习9.2.2分析实际案例:提出解决方案和策略9.2.3小组讨论:分享跨文化商务沟通的经验和技巧9.3反思作业9.3.2提出问题与建议:对教学过程提出问题和建议9.3.3设定学习目标:明确下一步的学习目标和计划十、课后反思及拓展延伸10.1教学反思10.1.1教学效果评估:评估学生的学习效果和参与度重点和难点解析1.知识点讲解中的文化差异对商务沟通的影响(2.1)2.教学内容中的跨文化商务沟通的实际应用(3.3)3.教学过程中的实践活动(7.3)4.作业设计中的实践作业(9.2)对于每个重点环节的详细补充和说明如下:1.文化差异对商务沟通的影响(2.1)详细补充:深入讲解不同文化在语言、非语言、商业习俗和法律方面的差异,以及这些差异如何影响商务沟通。
《跨文化商务交际》课程学习大纲课程名称:跨文化商务交际课程英文
《跨文化商务交际》课程学习大纲课程名称:跨文化商务交际课程英文《跨文化商务交际》课程学习大纲课程名称: 跨文化商务交际课程英文名称:课程编码: 401022060 学时/学分: 32学时 3学分适用对象: 商务英语专业编写人: 张宁一、课程介绍《跨文化商务交际》为我国高等英语专业商务类核心课程之一。
同英语国家的人们用英语进行有效的交流是应用英语类专业教学的重要目的之一。
然而有效的交流不仅仅是一个语言技巧问题,还涉及到许多文化因素。
本课程的主旨是帮助学生解决在跨文化交际中因文化的差异而产生的种种问题。
二、课程学习目标通过本课程的学习,学生应能够认识语言、文化和交际三者之间的关系;对各类交际形式有所认识;对对象国文化有更进一步的了解,更有效地进行交流;预料和避免由于不同的文化期望而产生的误解;解释手势和其他形式的体态语;讨论有关文化适应和相容的问题。
学习目标一览表1. 掌握本课程的基础性内容,包括跨文化交际学的需求,发展简史及内涵等基本知识点的识记和理解。
知识2. 对跨文化交际理论有较系统的理解和掌握。
目标3. 能够结合本专业特点理论联系实际,透过现象把握其基本规律。
1. 通晓跨文化交流的本质、基本理论和技巧。
2. 了解文化差异产生的过程。
能力目标 3. 掌握基本的沟通方法和策略。
4. 提高英语语言运用能力和跨文化交际能力1. 培养科学、严谨的学习态度、执着探索、创新改革的科学精神。
文化素质2. 培养自身的国际视野、创新意识、跨文化交际和人际交往意识。
目标三、课程教学内容《跨文化商务交际》课程的教学内容共分为八个模块,每个模块由基础性内容、提高性内容、拓展性内容三部分构成,基础性内容是必须掌握的内容,提高性内容是在基础性内容的基础上对基本问题的探讨和梳理,拓展性内容是对所学知识的延伸性学习,是课程内容的前瞻性分析和理论延展。
第1至4章以跨文化交际学的基本理论为框架,阐述阐述交际、文化、跨文化交际等基本概念、交际与文化的关系;介绍文化差异在言语和非言语交际方面的表现;不同的文化价值观的理论划分,以及在文化层面上分析了人们在跨文化商务交际中存在的众多价值观念差异。
跨文化商务交际导论
跨文化商务交际导论跨文化商务交际导论一、概述跨文化商务交际(Cross-cultural Business Communication)是一门介于文化语言学科和商务管理学科交叉融合的新兴学科,是指在国际贸易、国际投资、国际金融、国际工程施工、国际联合研究、国际职业拓展及国际文化传播等方面,研究不同文化背景下的人在进行商务活动时的沟通交流方式。
跨文化商务交际是培养商务人员在跨文化领域内从事商务活动所必备的能力,因此也被称为“商务跨文化能力教育”。
跨文化商务交际不仅包含语言交流,还应当涵盖文化差异的认知、文化背景的熟悉以及语言交流技巧等多方面内容,在当今社会经济全球化的大背景下,跨文化商务交际技能已成为企业优秀人才的基本要求。
二、基本内容1.跨文化商务交际的基本概念:(1)概念跨文化商务交际是指企业、组织在拓展国际市场、开拓国际业务等活动中,在实施国际战略时,探索文化影响下的商业交流模式,实现交际效果的一门科学。
(2)定义跨文化商务交际是指在国际贸易、国际投资、国际金融、国际工程施工、国际联合研究、国际职业拓展及国际文化传播等方面,研究不同文化背景的人在进行商务活动时的沟通交流方式的学科。
2.跨文化商务交际的基本内容(1)文化差异文化差异是国际商务活动中,不同民族、不同团体之间具有明显不同的文化特性和价值取向的状态,是影响商务沟通的重要因素。
(2)文化背景文化背景指每一文化有其独特的文化特征,可以帮助人们理解彼此的做法和思维方式,为了有效地实施跨文化商务交际,必须有效地探索和了解不同文化的基本特点。
(3)语言交流语言交流是指双方运用不同语言在跨文化商务实践中实现有效沟通的过程,需要根据语言和文字之间的关系洞察语言的双重性、多样性以及有效表达语言信息的方式。
(4)沟通技巧沟通技巧包括言语表达技巧、语言表达技巧、文化表达技巧等,是跨文化商务活动中的重要组成部分,也是提高跨文化商务技能的关键因素。
三、结束语跨文化商务交际是一门介于文化语言学科和商务管理学科交叉融合的新兴学科,它涵盖了文化差异的认知、文化背景的熟悉以及语言交流技巧等多方面内容。
跨文化商务沟通Wk8 Cross-cultural Communication
Communication Strategies
▪ Definition
- Two Approaches (Psycholinguistic & Sociological/Interactional)
▪ Approaches
* P- The potentially conscious plans for solving what to an individual presents itself as a problem in reaching a particular communication goal * S- A mutual attempt of two interlocutors to agree on a meaning in situations where requisite meaning structures do not seem to be shared
N-V Communication Classification- PAST/PRESENT/FUTURE - American vs Chinese
▪ 2 Ways of Organizing (1976) - Monochronic Time
(e.g. Northern American, Western/Northern Europe) - Polychronic Time
circumstances: - Intimate/ Personal/ Social/ Public ▪ Personality determines the amount of personal space - Introvert vs Extrovert
跨文化商务沟通Wk13 Cross-cultural Communication
How
Explicit communication Codes, Line-logic style, Rational-factual rhetoric, open, direct strategies
Implicit communication codes; Point-logic style: intuitive-effective rhetoric, Ambiguous, Indirect Indirect strategies
Decision Making
CULTURE
Individualism/Collectivism Locus of decision making Utilitarianism/ Moral Ideals
Risk Tolerance
Past/Future Orientation
Problem Definition
• Decision-making Process:
a)- defining the problem b)- gathering & analyzing data c)- considering alternative solutions d)- deciding on the best solution e)- implementing the decision
Decision Making
• Cultural Influences
Through the broader context of the nation’s institutional culture
-
Through culturally based value systems
Decision Making
跨文化商务沟通Wk12 Cross-culture Communication
A Comparison- 3rd Stage
American
• Straightforward • Objective • Efficient • Understandable
Chinese
• Asking questions • Delve specifically
& repeatedly • Contain vague
and ambiguous material
Negotiation Process
• STAGE IV- Persuasion The HARD bargaining stage. - People try to persuade others to accept different opinions; to give up some of their own - Difficulties lie in: different uses and interpretations of verbal & nonverbal behavior
- e.g. Negotiation in Middle East
Negotiation Process
• STAGE III- Exchanged Tasks Exchanging the task-related information and stating its position. It is commonly conducted by:
跨文化商务交际教材
跨文化商务交际教材
跨文化商务交际是一门涉及国际商务活动和跨文化交流的学科,其目的是帮助学生理解和应对不同文化背景下的商业环境和国际交流。
以下是几本跨文化商务交际教材:
1. 《跨文化商务交际》作者:吴秀文,出版日期:2017年8月。
这本书旨在帮助读者提高跨文化商务交际能力,包括语言沟通、非语言沟通、文化差异等方面的知识。
2. 《国际商务跨文化交际》作者:李自然,出版日期:2016年1月。
这本书从跨文化交际的角度出发,介绍了国际商务环境中的文化差异和交际技巧,包括礼仪、商业规则等方面的内容。
3. 《跨文化商务交际案例教程》作者:刘岩,出版日期:2019年1月。
这本书通过真实的跨文化商务交际案例,帮助读者了解不同文化背景下的商业行为和交际策略,提高跨文化适应能力和问题解决能力。
这些教材都比较系统和全面地介绍了跨文化商务交际的相关知识,有助于学生更好地应对国际化商业环境。
当然,还有其他优秀的教材和参考书可供选择,建议根据自己的需求和兴趣进行选择。
国际商务活动中间的跨文化交流
案例一:语言障碍
上个世纪八十年代,曾经有一位美国教授来华访问。在华讲学三个月回去 之后,得到的结论竟是:“中国人不尊重知识和学术”。究其原因,是因 为他在中国的三个月之中,有很多中国人称呼他为“戴维斯先生”。这位 学者是一位科学家,自从年轻时获得博士学位之后,在后来的几十年中, 美国人均以“戴维斯博士”或“戴维斯教授”来称呼他,中国人叫他“戴 维斯先生”时,他常浑然不觉是在叫自己。他还对中国人说:“你可以正 式地称呼我为教授,也可亲切地称呼我为博士,或者是把我当作朋友,直 接叫我的名字,但是不要叫我先生。”但是每每遇到陌生的中国人时,称 之“戴维斯先生”者十之八九。他感觉非常不舒服,觉得中国人在故意贬 低他,郁闷三个月之后,得出了“中国人不尊重知识和学术”的结论。但 是,从中国人的角度上看,在中国传统文化中“先生”这个称呼是用于对 高级学者的尊称,早在春秋战国时代开始,“先生”这个称谓就是对大教 育家、大思想家和学者文人的尊称,如“屈原先生”、“鲁迅先生”、 “蔡元培先生”等等。中国人称“戴维斯先生”,并不是把他当作一般男 士看待,其实是很尊重他的,这就是文化差异所导致的误解。幸好当时戴 维斯先生还没有听到有中国人叫他“戴老”——在中国称“老”是极为尊 敬之意,美国人听来就是在侮辱他、嫌弃他年龄大不中用了。
国际商务活动中间的跨文化交流
胡逸锦 国际贸易学专业 3201502101
• “跨文化交流”的英语名称是“cross-cultural communication (或inter-cultural communication)”。它指本族语者与 非本族语者之间的交际, 也指任何在语言和文化背景方 面有差异的人们之间的交际。国际商务活动中间的跨文 化交流通俗来说就是如果你和外国人打交道做生意(由 于存在语言和文化背景的差异),应该注意什么问题, 应该如何得体地去交流。 • 跨文化交流通常可分为两种形式:语言交际和非语言交 际。其中,语言交际又分为口头语言交际和书面语言交 际两种。非语言交际主要是通过体态语进行的沟通交流, 包括人们的表情、眼神、手势、视线接触、站姿、坐姿 等等。服装也是人们传达信息的非语言方式之一。所有 这些,都是交往个体向对方传递思想、信息和情感的外 在形式。通常,双方都希望沟通交流能够顺利、成功, 但很多时候,因为语言的差异和非语言习惯的不同,使 得双方的交流存在很多障碍,甚至因为双方的文化背景 差异而导致了双方的误解。
商务英语专业的跨文化交流技巧
商务英语专业的跨文化交流技巧在全球化的背景下,商务英语专业的学生需要具备跨文化交流的能力。
这是因为在国际商务中,涉及到各种不同文化背景的人员之间的合作和交流。
跨文化交流技巧是商务英语专业学生必备的核心能力之一。
本文将介绍几种跨文化交流技巧以及如何应用于商务环境中。
一、了解文化差异并尊重对方文化在跨文化交流中,了解不同文化差异是十分重要的。
不同国家和地区有着不同的价值观、行为习惯和社会礼仪。
一个国家的文化可能认为某些行为是正常的,而在另一个国家却可能被视为不礼貌或冒犯。
因此,商务英语专业的学生应该对不同国家的文化进行学习和了解,并尊重对方的文化习惯。
其次,在与对方交流时,要避免使用可能引起误解或冲突的言辞和行为。
举个例子,有些国家的人觉得直接表达自己的意见是一种勇敢和诚实的表现,而另外一些国家的人则认为这是不恰当的行为。
因此,在商务交流中,适度地倾听和尊重对方的观点和意见是非常重要的。
二、注意语言和口音的影响语言是跨文化交流中最常用的工具。
商务英语专业的学生需要具备良好的英语口语和听力技巧。
然而,不同国家和地区的人们习惯使用不同的口音和方言,这可能导致沟通障碍。
因此,在跨文化交流中,需要注意以下几点:首先,尽量提前了解对方的语言习惯和偏好。
例如,有些国家的人习惯使用姓氏来称呼对方,而有些国家则更偏好用名字称呼。
了解这些细节可以帮助商务英语专业的学生更好地与对方进行沟通。
其次,注意清晰地表达自己的意思,避免使用复杂的词汇或者长句子。
简洁而明确的表达能够使对方更容易理解。
最后,尽量避免使用俚语、口头禅和幽默,因为它们可能在不同文化背景下产生误解或引起困惑。
三、倾听和理解他人观点跨文化交流中,倾听和理解他人观点是十分重要的。
商务英语专业的学生应该充分发挥自己的倾听技巧,并给予对方足够的尊重和关注。
在进行商务谈判或会议时,倾听和理解对方观点的能力可以帮助双方建立良好的合作关系。
同时,商务英语专业的学生需要学会提问和寻求澄清。
跨文化交际上课内容unit7
Unit Seven Time and Space Across CulturesI.Warm Up1. Please read the story on page 156. What can we learn from the story?2. Go to answer the questions on Group Work (p235-236) and find out your sense of time?Supplement: Additional materialsII.ChronemicsChronemics is the study of how people perceive and use time.(i) The sense of time:1) Time is linear线形. Western cultures think time is linear — aflow from the past to the present to the future.2) Time is cyclical周期的. Life on earth evolved in response to thecycles of day and night and the ebb and flow潮涨潮落of thetides.(ii) Monochronic出现一次and Polychronic Time (p256-257)1. What is M-Time and P-Time? Which do you think is thedominating time system in our culture?1) Monochronic time means paying attention to and doing only onething at a time – events scheduled as separate items.2) Polychronic time means being involved with many things at once.2. What is the philosophy哲学underlying each of the time system?1) P-time stresses involvement of people and completion完成oftransactions事务rather than adherence to遵守present schedules. Appointments are not taken as seriously and, as a consequence, are frequently broken. P-time is treated as less tangible有形地than M-time.Weakness: Matters in a polychromic多彩的culture seem in a constant state 恒定常态of flux. Appointments are frequently broken.2) In M-time system, social and business life is commonly schedule-dominated. By scheduling, we compartmentalize划分; this makes it possible to concentrate on 集中注意one thing at a time, but it also reduces the context. M-time is also tangible. M-time scheduling is used as a classification system that orders life.Weakness: Life in general is at times unpredictable. M-time reduces the context and alienate使疏远people from themselves and from others.(iii) The Heartbeat of Culture (p229-232)1.What does the author want to tell us from his experience in Braziland the questionnaire between students in Niteroi and those in Fresno?In Brazil, people seem to be very flexible in their concepts of time and punctuality. Brazilians are likely to attribute lateness for appointments to unforeseen circumstances 意外情况that the person couldn’t control. They seem less inclined to倾向于feel personallyresponsible for being late. So they express less regret for their own lateness and blame others less when others are late.The Brazilian students believed that a person who is consistently late is probably more successful than one who is consistently on time.They seemed to accept the idea that someone of status is expected to arrive late. Lack of punctuality is a badge标记of success.2.There aren’t unanimous全体一致perceptions of time时间知觉among culturally different people. Even within one country, ideas of time and punctuality vary considerably from place to place.Different regions and even cities have their own distinct rhythms and rules.3.Appreciating cultural differences in time sense becomes increasinglyimportant as modern communications put more and more people in daily contact. If we are to avoid misreading issues that involve time perceptions, we need to understand better our own cultural biases偏见and those of others.※American Concept of Time: (See Case 25)III.Proxemics人际距离学A fascinating area in the nonverbal world of body language is that of spatial relationships空间关系, or proxemics, the study of man's appreciation and use of space. As a species, man is highly territorial but we are rarely aware of it unless our space is somehow violated. Spatialrelationships and territorial boundaries directly influence our daily encounters. Maintaining control over such space is a key factor in personal satisfaction; observing spatial interactions in everyday life is a key to personal awareness.(i)The study of proxemics includes three aspects of space: (a) fixed features of space. (b) semifixed features of space, and (c) personal space(a) fixed features of spaceFixed feature space is characterized by unmovable boundaries, like divisions within an office building. Architecture and spacing of buildings also belong to this aspect of space.For example, a person in the United States can drive on a highway for miles and never see a sign of people or dwellings民居. Therefore, he may be amazed at the closeness of people in China.Intercultural communicators need to realize that cultures have alternative approaches变换方法to space and ways of using it.(b) semifixed 半固定features of spaceSemifixed features of space refer to spatial arrangements of movable objects within a room, such as furniture arrangement and seating.1. furniture arrangement :French space is a reflection of French culture. Everything is centralized集中的, and spatially the entire country is laid outaround centers.In Germany, where privacy is stressed, office furniture is spread throughout the office.In Japan, where group participation is encouraged, many desks are arranged hierarchically分等级的in the center of a large, common room absent of walls.Chinese geomancy,feng shui, is the art of arranging the physical environment to establish harmony with the natural environment to achieve happiness, prosperity, and health.2. seatingIn the United States, they tend to talk with those opposite them rather than those seated or stand beside them.The Chinese often experience uneasiness when they face someone directly or sit on opposite side of a desk or table from someone.(c) personal space or private space (p239-241)1. Behavioral study indicates that individuals perceive a distance that is appropriate for different types of messages; they also establish a comfortable distance for personal interaction and nonverbally define this as their personal space. Research supports the hypothesis 假设that the violation违反侵害of this personal space can have serious adverse effects不利影响on communication. Thus, if an individual is to be mutually 互相satisfied in a communication encounter his/herpersonal space must be respected. Should an intruder侵入者invade 侵略干扰this personal space while also trespassing 擅自进入within territorial boundaries he placed himself in double jeopardy双重负担and must compensate 弥补for the other's increased anxiety.2. The differences among Americans, the India, the Japanese and the ArabIn the United States, Hall reports that psychologists have identified four zones from which U.S. people interact: the intimate zone亲密区, the personal zone, the social zone, and the public zone.The study of spatial territory for the purpose of communication uses four categories for informal space: the intimate distance for embracing or whispering (6-18 inches), the personal distance for conversations among good friends (1.5-4 feet), social distance for conversations among acquaintances (4-12 feet), and public distance used for public speaking (12 feet or more).intimate distance ranging from direct contact to about 45cm, which applies to the closest relationships such as husband and wifepersonal distance ranging from 45 to 80cm, which is usually maintained for conversations between friends & relativessocial distanceranging from 1.3to 2 meters, which covers peoplewho work together or are meeting at social gatheringspublic distance such as that kept between a lecturer and his audienceIn India, there are elaborate rules about how closely members of each caste印度的社会等级may approach other castes.In Japan, the private bubble and the personal space are more a creation of the mind than an actual existence真实存在. The Japanese connect privacy with mental space. In crowds each Japanese becomes an island and he is alone as long as he does not acknowledge any of the other people.In Arab, Arabs of the same sex do stand much closer than North Americans. An Arab entering an elevator may stand right next to another person and be touching even though no one else is in the elevator.(ii) TerritorialityTerritoriality refers to how space can be used to communicate messages. Territorial claims differ from personal space in that the personal zone accompanies the individual while territoriality is relatively stationary固定的. Semi-fixed feature space is often the criteria标准used to establish a territory within any environment; it becomes a man's safety zone where he rests from the rigors严格of defending personal space from invasion, thedramatic or sudden entry into another's personal zone. Humans, like animals, indicate their ownership of this established territory and will consequently defend it against all invasions. Territoriality is established so rapidly that even the second session 会话in a series of lectures讲座is sufficient to find most of the audience returning to their same seats. And if one has been sitting in a particular seat and someone else occupies it, one can notice a fleeting 短暂的irritation.Compare the differences among the cultures of the countries mentioned in “Home in Various Cultures” (p244-247).America: showing visitors around home; people are not allowed to lock doors except the bathroom door; kitchen is the place for negotiation between the mother and the children; the parents’ bedroom is mostly off-limits.Germany: requires a wide area of privacy, formal and regimented; doors are firmly shut between rooms; an entrance hall 门廊to lead visitors into the house without showing specific rooms and spoiling the family’s privacy.Northern European countries: rude if not call in advance; not to expect the tour of the host’s home.France: never drop in unannounced; no tour of the house; guests are usually received in the living room, with the doors to the other rooms closed.Italy: you can drop in anytime without calling first, except for the resting hours of 2:00 to 4:00 pm.Spain: call ahead; normal visiting hours are 4:00 to 6:00 pm.Latin American countries: guests, even dropping in without warning, are greeted warmly, often with hugs and kisses; to communicate in the dining room.The Middle Eastern countries: the layout of the salon;IV.Case Study: Students are required to read the cases given carefully and try to analyse them from the viewpoint of IC.。
商务英语教学中跨文化沟通技巧
商务英语教学中跨文化沟通技巧商务英语教学中跨文化沟通技巧的培养非常重要,因为商务活动往往涉及不同文化背景的人,如何成功地进行跨文化沟通是商务成功的关键之一。
以下是一些商务英语教学中跨文化沟通技巧的培养方法:1. 增强文化意识:了解不同国家的文化背景和习俗是进行跨文化沟通的基础。
在商务英语教学中,应该注重培养学生的文化意识和敏感性,让他们了解不同文化的价值观、信仰、习俗等,以便更好地适应和理解不同文化背景的人。
2. 学习语言交际技巧:语言交际是跨文化沟通的核心。
在商务英语教学中,应该注重培养学生的语言交际技巧,包括听说读写技能、口头表达技能、谈判技能等。
同时,还需要教授一些语言策略和技巧,如如何进行有效的沟通、如何解决冲突等。
3. 模拟实践:模拟实践是一种有效的教学方法,可以帮助学生更好地了解和适应跨文化沟通的实际情况。
可以通过角色扮演、模拟商务会议、模拟商务谈判等方式进行模拟实践,让学生在实际场景中学习和应用跨文化沟通技巧。
4. 案例分析:案例分析是一种以实际案例为基础的教学方法,可以帮助学生分析和解决实际跨文化沟通问题。
可以通过分析成功和失败的案例,让学生了解跨文化沟通中的成功因素和失败因素,并从中吸取经验和教训。
5. 互动教学:互动教学是一种以学生为中心的教学方法,可以通过小组讨论、团队建设等活动形式,让学生在互动中学习和应用跨文化沟通技巧。
同时,还可以邀请具有跨文化背景的专家或从业者分享经验和见解,让学生更深入地了解跨文化沟通的实际应用。
总之,商务英语教学中跨文化沟通技巧的培养需要注重增强文化意识、学习语言交际技巧、模拟实践、案例分析和互动教学等方面。
通过这些方法,可以帮助学生更好地适应和理解不同文化背景的人,提高他们的跨文化沟通能力,为未来的商务活动做好准备。
unit7TimeandSpaceAcrossCultures跨文化交际大学教学课件-PPT精选文档
Time systems (Hall, 1976):
1) Monochronic Time (M-Time) 2) Polychronic Time (P-Time) 美国人类学家霍尔(Edward Hall)在《 超越文化》(Beyond Culture)一书中 首次区分了两种不同的时间观念,即“单向计 时制”(monochronic time)和“多向 计时制”(polychronic time)
Men take up more space than women in their use of gestures, body posture and movements: Legs spread apart when standing Wide use of arms when speaking And legs crossed at the ankles when sitting
Time
1) perceptions of past, present, and future 2) Hall’s monochronic and polychronic classifications
Past-oriented cultures
People regard previous experiences and events as most important. They place a primary emphasis on tradition. They show great respect for parents and the elderly. Country: ________ (P255)
Unit 7
Time and Space Across Cultures
跨文化商务交际--Time Across Cultures
Cross-cultural Communication Time Across Cultures
Slide 13 of 16
Case study
• Italian-Swiss Breakdown
Slide 14 of 16
Homework
• Country Expert Presentation
Cross-cultural Communication Time Across Cultures
Slide 11 of 16
Cyclical Time循环轮回时间观(2)
Circular-time
• Connections, unity and wholeness • Focus on the past • Decisions made neither quickly nor in isolation • Keen sense of the value of time • Respect for punctuality • Forging of relationship …
Cross-cultural Communication Time Across Cultures
Slide 8 of 16
Flexible Time灵活时间观(2)
P-time: Polychronic Time (多向性时间观)
• Emphasis on relationships • Do many things at once • Change plans often and easily • A focus on the present • A reluctance to measure …
Cross-cultural Communication Time Across Cultures Slide 9 of 16
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Linear Time线性时间观(1)
M-time: Monochronic Time (单向性时间观)
• The morning sun never lasts a day. • Lost an hour in the morning, chase it all day long.
Cross-cultural Communication Time Across Cultures Slide 9 of 16
Flexible Time灵活时间观(3)
P-time: Polychronic Time (多向性时间观)
• Southern Europeans • Mediterranean cultures • Central and South American cultures (Italians, Spaniards, Portuguese, Arabs, Latinos)
Cross-cultural Communication Unit One Lesson Two Slide 6 of 16
Linear Time线性时间观(3)
M-time: Monochronic Time (单向性时间观)
• Anglo-Saxon people • Germanic people • Scandinavian people
Cross-cultural Communication Time Across Cultures
Business English Office September 2013 Cross-cultural Communication Time Across Cultures Slide 1 of 16
Scope
• • • • • Lead-in Cultural Views of Time Case Study Quiz Homework
Cross-cultural Communication Time Across Cultures
Slide 2 of 16
Lead-in: Time differs culturally
Cross-cultural Communication Time Across Cultures Slide 12 of 16
Cyclical Time循环轮回时间观(3)
Circular-time
• Asian cultures • African cultures • Native American cultures …
Cross-cultural Communication Time Across Cultures
Slide 5 of 16
Linear Time线性时间观(2)
M-time: Monochronime as a precious commodity • Concentrate on one task at a time • The importance of schedules • A focus on the future • Measuring time in small units • Adhere to plans …
Cross-cultural Communication Time Across Cultures
Slide 13 of 16
Case study
• Italian-Swiss Breakdown
Slide 14 of 16
Homework
• Country Expert Presentation
Cross-cultural Communication Time Across Cultures
Slide 15 of 16
Cross-cultural Communication Time Across Cultures
Slide 16 of 16
Helmut: a businessman from Germany Alberto: an Italian partner Place: Rome to have a meeting at 10:00
9:45: H arrived and waited 10:00: no one appeared 10:15: H still sat alone 10:30: A strolled in and H got angry
Cross-cultural Communication Time Across Cultures
Slide 8 of 16
Flexible Time灵活时间观(2)
P-time: Polychronic Time (多向性时间观)
• Emphasis on relationships • Do many things at once • Change plans often and easily • A focus on the present • A reluctance to measure …
Cross-cultural Communication Time Across Cultures
Slide 7 of 16
Flexible Time灵活时间观(1)
P-time: Polychronic Time (多向性时间观)
• Since the house is on fire, let us warm ourselves.
Cross-cultural Communication Time Across Cultures
Slide 11 of 16
Cyclical Time循环轮回时间观(2)
Circular-time
• Connections, unity and wholeness • Focus on the past • Decisions made neither quickly nor in isolation • Keen sense of the value of time • Respect for punctuality • Forging of relationship …
Cross-cultural Communication Time Across Cultures Slide 10 of 16
Cyclical Time循环轮回时间观(1)
Circular-time
• Time cures. • Time heals all the wounds. • 人生代代无穷已,江月年年只相似。
Cross-cultural Communication Time Across Cultures Slide 3 of 16
Why A not upset and H angry?
A. Alberto had other things to do and did not care about being on time. B. Meetings can easily be arranged for both parties involved. C. Germans are more interested in schedules and punctuality than in the content of the meeting. D. Italians organize their time in a different way from that of Germans.