基础汉译英(一)
《基础口译》汉译英 仲伟合 王斌华 1-6单元
第一“Colorful Yunnan” International Forum on Biodiversity ConservationWelcoming address delivered by Mr. Gu ZhaoxiVice Governor of the People’s Government of Yunnan ProvinceOct.17, 2007H.E. Deputy-Minister Li Ganjie, dear guests, ladies and gentlemen, Good morning!Today, the “Colorful Yunnan” International Forum on Biodiversity Conservation, co-sponsored by the State Environmental Protection Administration of China and the People’s Government of Yunnan Province, with great assistance from Asian Development Bank (ADB), European Commission, and German Technical Cooperation (GTZ), is formally commenced. It’s a pleasure for me, on behalf of People’s Government of Yunnan Province, to extend a warm welcome to all guests present here today.Yunnan is located at the southwest frontier of China, sharing 4,060km long border with Myanmar, Vietnam, and Laos. 45 million people from 26 nationalities, such as Han, Yi, Hani, Zhuang, Dai and Miao, are living on this land of 394,000km2. Owing to complicated and unique landform and various climate types, Yunnan has nearly all types of terrestrial ecosystems in China, and is one of the places enjoying the richest biodiversity. Presently, there are 192 nature reserves already set up in Yunnan, the protected area accounts for 8.5% of the total land area. Two national nature reserves, Xishuangbanna and Gaoligong Mountain, have been listed in the Man and Biosphere Reverses Network by UNESCO. 4 national and provincial nature reserves have been listed in the Wetlands of International Importance, namely Dashanbao of Zhaotong City, Napa Lake and Bita Lake of Shangrila County, Lashi Lake of Lijiang City. The Three-paralleled Rivers in northwest of Yunnan and Stone Forest have been listed as World Natural Heritages. More than 10 botanical gardens and arboretums, and 10 more wildlife domestication and reproduction centers and rescue houses have been built up to conserve wildlife. Conservation on embryo, soma, germ cell and germ plasm of animals and plants has contributed to world biodiversity conservation.In order to achieve sound and sustainable economic development and social progress in Yunnan, the “Initiative to Protect Colorful Yunnan” has been launched and implemented in an all-round way in the province, for the purpose of promoting a harmonious co-existence for human andnature, and a well–coordinated development between socio-economy and environment.The opening of the forum will exert very positive and important influence on promotion of international cooperation, sustainable utilization and conservation on biodiversity. Let’s join our hands, admire the nature, protect our environment, promote our culture, and carry on the history!At last, on behalf of the People’s Government of Yunnan Province, please allow me to extend our sincere appreciation to SEPA, ADB, EC and GTZ, and to all institutes, organizations, and personnels from home and abroad who care and support environmental protection in Yunnan.I wish today’s forum a great success!I wish all guests good health, successful career and all the best!Thank you very much!第二Your excellency Premier Howard, Mr. Bizilj, ladies and gentlemen, friends:I am very happy with the Australian friends gather together here. Please allow me to Premier Howard's gracious hospitality, and take this opportunity, best wishes to the Australian people!In 1995 I visited your country, the visit left me a good impression. Again after 11 years here, I not only felt the friendly feelings towards the Chinese people and the people of Australia, but also found that the people here in China showed a keen interest in. People pay more attention to China, because China's reform and opening up has undergone tremendous changes. From 1978 to 2005,China's GDP increased by 11 times, according to the annual exchange rate, by$215300000000 to $2.2257; per capita GDP from $225 to $1707; last year,import and export trade amounted to $1.42; by February of this year, foreign exchange reserves reached $853*********.With China's overall national strength, the universal concern of the international community, China will take what kind of development path? Will assume what kind of responsibility to the international community? Can become a force for world peace and prosperity? I would like to talk about a few views thereon.China is taking a path of peaceful development. It is the essence of China,through striving for a peaceful international environment for its own development, but also to its own development to promote world peace; China's development depends on her own power and innovation, and adhere to the open policy; China to conduct exchanges and cooperation with all countries in the world on the basis of equality and mutual benefit, realize mutual benefit and win-win cooperation, common development. China's development is peaceful development, open development, cooperative development. Not to move or retreat to the path of peaceful development, is the inevitable choice for china.First, this is decided by China's historical and cultural traditions. The Chinese nation always have faith and promote good will, advocate of peace. "Do not do toothers,", "and not harm, to not fight," reflected the Chinese nation "the world offeelings and moral rationality" character.Second, this is determined by China's need for development. To accelerate the economic and social development, building a modern nation, is the Chinesepeople are striving for historical task. T o achieve this goal, we must live together in peace together, mutual trust with other countries.Third, this is decided by the tide of world development institute. The pursuit of peace, development, cooperation is the common aspiration of all peoples. Chinais a member of the international community, to achieve their own development, to conform to the world trend, together with other countries to take responsibility for safeguarding world peace.In short, adhere to the path of peaceful development, not a matter of expediency, but the Chinese government and people's serious choice and solemn commitment.Premier Howard said, China's development is conducive to China, but also conducive to the world. This reflects his understanding and support of China's peaceful development. Anyone without bias will see, China in the pursuit of their own development at the same time, is taking actions in the world to play a responsible role. Generally speaking, in the following ten aspects:-- China attaches great importance to the development of the social productive forces and improve the people's material and cultural life level, is committed to promoting the cause of human progress. China has successfully solved theproblem of feeding a population of 1300000000, lifted over 200 million people out of poverty, in the national basic universal compulsory education for 9 years,offers to help about 60000000 disabled people, providing equal development opportunities to all ethnic groups. Social stability at present China, people live and work in peace. China's development and stability is the biggest contribution to the world peace and prosperity.-- China through the summary of practical experience, has embarked on a road of scientific development. China insists to save resources, protect environmentas a basic national policy, strive to build a resource-saving, environment-friendly society, promote the comprehensive coordinated and sustainable economic and social development. China'sdevelopment will not pose a threat to the world.Stand on one's own -- China pursues peaceful foreign policy, his position is determined according to the right and wrong things itself. China adheres topursue peace, promote development of cooperation in international affairs,strictly abide by the Charter of the United Nations mission and universally recognized norms of international relations, not with other countries on the basis of ideology relationship, form alliance with any other country, in the five principles of peaceful coexistence and friendly countries.-- China firmly safeguarding world peace, is the international system participants,preserving and building. China joined over 100 inter governmental international organizations, signed nearly 300 international treaties. China actively promotes the establishment of a just and rational new international order, promote democracy in international relations, maintaining the diversity of world civilization.-- China adhere with neighbors, partnerships with neighboring countries, do a good neighbor, good partners. China through APEC, the Shanghai cooperation organization, China ASEAN cooperation, the Greater Mekong sub regional cooperation, promote the development of bilateral and regional cooperation, and promote common prosperity. We argue that regional cooperation should follow the principle of openness, strengthen ties with other countries and international organizations.China -- the peaceful resolution of disputes, plays a constructive role in addressing hotspot issues. China on the Korean nuclear issue, the Iranian nuclear issue, the Middle East and other major international consistentlynegotiations standpoint, non traditional security issues, including international cooperation actively to major natural disasters. Last year we hit on India Ocean tsunami in the implementation of the biggest international rescue operationhistory of china.-- China's active participation in counter-terrorism and non-proliferation cooperation, efforts to safeguard global security and strategic stability. China is opposed to terrorism, has played a constructive role in international anti-terrorism cooperation; China signed the "Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of nuclear weapons" and "Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty", support the implementation of "biological weapons convention" and "Convention on the prohibition of chemical weapons", making the anti export control laws systemdiffusion comprehensive, and continue to strengthen law enforcement.-- China honors its WTO commitments, is committed to building a fair, free international trade system. After joining the WTO, China actively opening up the domestic market, the average tariff has dropped to 9.9%. The WTO trade in Services Division of 160 sectors and subsectors, China has pledged to open 100. China's intellectual property law mainly were further modified, so that therelevant agreements with the WTO consistent. China is also on the infringement of intellectual property rights lowered the threshold for criminal punishment,strengthen law enforcement for IPR protection.-- China earnestly implement the UN Millennium Development Goals, providedsincere and selfless assistance to developing countries. So far, China to more than 110 countriesand regional organizations with more than 2000 aid projects,for 44 underdeveloped countries reduced the debt of about 20000000000 yuan.In addition, China will in the next 3 years to underdeveloped countries provide us $10000000000 of preferential loans and preferential export buyer's credit, help them to strengthen infrastructure construction.-- China pursues a defensive national defense policy, to promote the cause ofinternational disarmament and arms control. China in the past 20 years, theabout 1700000. China's gross domestic product and the proportion of financial expenditure, in the world is relatively low. China's limited military spending growth, mainly to improve the military life, improve the defense ability andsafeguarding national unity, is not a threat to anyone. China's defense policy is transparent.China sincerely hopes to make greater contribution to world peace and prosperity. Therefore, China should accelerate the development of. Onlydevelopment, can China solve its own problems; only development, can Chinatake more responsibility in the world. Although China has made great progress,but it is still a developing country, facing heavy tasks of development.Population, underdeveloped productivity, development is not balanced, is China's basic national conditions. At present, China's per capita GDP is behindthe 100 world, China still has 23650000 poor people, need to solve thepopulation of nearly 24000000 jobs a year, there are about 60000000 disabled people need care and help, there are 1 hundred million rural labor force to transfer employment. To realize China's modernization, there is still a long way to go, need several generations, a dozen, or even dozens of generations of unremitting struggle.Ladies and gentlemen, friends:Peace and development are the common cause of all mankind, the building of a harmonious world is the common wish of the people around the world. Realize the human and human's harmony, the human and the natural harmony, peacebetween nations, need the joint efforts of the international community. Your former Prime Minister Mr. Menzies once warned: the struggle, searching,exploring, never give up! We are willing to cooperate with the international community including Australia, to build a harmonious world of enduring peace and common prosperity.Australia is rich in resources, developed economy and advanced technology,China has a market and development potential of large population, vast, a strong economic complementarity. At present, China is Australia's largest source of overseas students and fastest growing source of overseas tourists. Along with the establishment of China Confucius Institute in Australia second and "Chineseculture in Australia for" success, Australia humanistic contacts will be more closely. In Australia there is no conflict of fundamental interests, but have extensive common interests. The friendly and cooperative relations of long-term stability of the establishment of Australia, conforms to the fundamental interests of the two countries and two peoples. China Australia relations from a strategic point of view, is willing to work with Australia to become good friends, good partners.T oday, Prime Minister Howard and I held fruitful talks, reached broad consensuson developing comprehensive cooperative relations of mutual benefit and win-win in Australia in twenty-first Century. We agreed to strengthen politicalexchanges and strategic dialogue, enhance mutual trust, expand trade; ininvestment, energy, mineral resources and other areas of cooperation andaccelerating the China Australia FTA negotiations, achieve a win-win situation; to promote the culture, education, tourism and other exchanges, enhance mutual understanding and friendship between the people of regional cooperation;promote the healthy and orderly development, work together to maintainprosperity and stability in the Asia Pacific region. I believe, through the jointefforts of both sides, bilateral all-round cooperation relationship will certainly be fruitful!Now, I propose:Howard Prime Minister of health,As the two countries and the friendship between the two peoples,For the lofty cause of world peace and development,Bottoms up. (end)第三Let me begin by thanking you, Mr. Levin, for your kind invitation and the opportunity to come to Yale to meet young friends and teachers of thisworld-renowned university.Coming to the Yale campus, with its distinctive academic flavor, and looking at the eager young faces in the audience, I cannot but recall my great experience studying at Qinghua University in Beijing 40 years ago. Indeed, what happens during one’s school year will influence his whole life. I still benefit greatly from the instruction and my interaction with other students.Yale is renowned for its long history, unique way of teaching and excellence in academic pursuit. If time could go back several decades, I would really like to be a student of Yale just like you.Yale’s motto “Light and Truth,” which is a calling for human progress, represents the aspiration of every motivated young man and woman. Over the past three centuries, Yale has produced a galaxy of outstanding figures, including 20 Nobel laureates and five American presidents. The words of Nathan Hale, an American hero and Yale alumnus, “I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country,”have also inspired me and many other Chinese. I sincerely hope that Yale will produce more talent and contribute further to the social and economic development of the United States and the cause of human progress.Ladies and gentlemen, dear friends，The Chinese and Americans have always had an intense interest in and cared deeply about each other. The Chinese admire the pioneering and enterprising spirit ofthe Americans and their proud achievement in national development. As China develops rapidly and steady headway is made in China-U.S. cooperation, more and more Americans are following with great interestChina’s progress and development.Understanding leads to trust. Today, I would like to speak to you about China’s development strategy and its future against the backdrop of the evolution of the Chinese civilization and China’s current development endeavor. I hope this will help you gain a better understanding of China.In a history that spans more than five millennia, the Chinese nation has contributed significantly to the progress of human civilization. But its course of national development has been an arduous one. In particular in the 160 years and more since the Opium War in 1840, the Chinese people have fought courageously and unyieldingly to rid themselves of poverty and backwardness and to realize national rejuvenation, thus profoundly changing the destiny of the Chinese nation. Ninety-five years ago, the Chinese people launched the Revolution of 1911 that overthrew the feudal autocracy which had ruled China for several thousand years and opened the door to China’s progress.Fifty-seven years ago, the Chinese people succeeded in winning liberation after protracted and hard struggle and founded New China in which people became their own masters. Twenty-eight years ago, the Chinese people embarked upon the historic drive of reform, opening-up and modernization and have made phenomenal progress through unremitting efforts.Between 1978 and 2005, China’s GDP grew from $147.3 billion to $2.2257 trillion. Its import and export volume went up from $20.6 billion to $1.4221 trillion and its foreign exchange reserve soared from $167 million to $818.9 billion. During this period, the number of its poor rural population dropped from 250 million to 23 million. The above review of the profound changes in these 160 years shows one thing, namely, by carrying out persistent and hard struggle, the Chinese people have both changed their own destiny and advanced the cause of human progress.On the other hand, I need to point out that, despite the success in its development, China remains the world’s largest developing country, with per capita GDP ranking behind the 100th place. The Chinese people are yet to live a well-off life andChina still faces daunting challenges in its development endeavor. Therefore it requires sustained and unremitting efforts to transform the country and make life better for its people. In the next 15 years, we will strive to make new progress in building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way that will benefit China’s one billion and more population.We aim to raise China’s GDP to $4 trillion by 2020, averaging $3,000 per person. By then, China’s economy will be better developed and its democracy will be further enhanced. More progress will be made in science and education. Its culture will be further enriched, the society will become more harmonious and the people will lead a better life.To realize these goals, China has adopted a new concept of development in line with its national conditions and the requirement of the times. That is, to pursue ascientific outlook on development that makes economic and social development people-oriented, comprehensive, balanced and sustainable. We will work to strike a proper balance between urban and rural development, development among regions, economic and social development, development of man and nature, and domestic development and opening wider to the outside world. Greater emphasis will be put on addressing issues affecting people’s livelihood, overcoming imbalances in development and resolving key problems that have occurred in the course of development. We will pursue a new path to industrialization featuring high technology, good economic returns, low resource-consumption, low environment pollution andfull use of human resources. We will bring about coordinated economic, political, cultural and social development. And we will endeavor to ensure sustainable development by boosting production, improving people’s life and protecting the environment.This concept of scientific development is based on the experience China has gained in its modernization drive and put forth in response to the trends of the times. It is also rooted in the cultural heritages of the Chinese nation.The Chinese civilization is one that has continued uninterrupted for more than 5,000 years. The distinct cultural tradition of the Chinese nation that developedin the long course of history has exerted a strong influence on contemporary China, just as it did on ancient China. Putting people first, keeping pace with the times, maintaining social harmony and pursuing peaceful development: these values that are being pursued in China today are derived from its tradition. But they also give expression to the progress of the times.The Chinese civilization has always given prominence to the people and respect for people’s dignity and value. Centuries ago, the Chinese already pointed out that “people are the foundation of a country; when the foundation is stable, the country is in peace.” Nothing is more valuable in the universe than human beings. The ancient Chinese emphasized the value of serving the people, enriching them, nourishing them, and benefiting them. We are pursuing today a people-oriented approach toward development because we believe that development must be for the people and by the people and its benefit should be shared among the people.We care about people’s value, rights and interests and freedom, the quality of their life, and their development potential and happiness index because our goal is to realize the all-around development of the people. Ensuring the right to survival and development remains China’s top priority. We will vigorously promote social and economic development, protect people’s freedom, democracy and human rights according to law, achieve social fairness and justice and enable the 1.3 billion Chinese people to live a happy life.The Chinese civilization has always given prominence to unremittingself-improvement, reform and innovation. As an ancient Chinese motto puts it, “As Heaven keeps vigor through movement, a gentleman should unremittingly practice self-improvement.” Throughout its 5,000-year history, it is thanks to their perseverance, determination, stamina and innovation that the Chinese nation has grown after surviving numerous setbacks and adversity. The Chinese people haveshown enterprising spirit and reform and opening-up creativity in national development and great tenacity in overcoming difficulties on the road to progress. And all this gives expression to the spirit of unremitting self-improvement embodied in China’s cultural tradition.The Chinese civilization has always given prominence to social harmony, unity and mutual assistance. Back in the early days of the Chinese nation, the Chinese already advocated that “harmony is most valuable.” They strove for harmony between man and nature, among people and between man’s body and soul, and yearned for an ideal society where “everyone loves everyone else, everyone is equal and the whole world is one community.”Today, China is endeavoring to build a harmonious society. It is a society of democracy and rule of law, fairness and justice, integrity, fraternity, vitality, stability, order and harmony between man and nature. It is a society where there is unity between the material and the spirit, democracy and rule of law, fairness and efficiency, and vitality and order.The Chinese people takes [sic] the maintenance of ethnic unity and harmony as their bounden duty and the defense of the country’s sovereignty and territorial integrity their sacred mission.Any act that promoted ethnic harmony and national unity will receive the warm welcome and support of the Chinese people. On the other hand, any act that undermines China’s ethnic harmony and national unity will meet their strong opposition and resistance.The Chinese civilization has always given prominence to good neighborliness. The Chinese nation cherishes peace. In foreign relations, the Chinese have always believed that “the strong should not oppress the weak and the rich should not bully the poor” and advocated that “all nations live side by side in perfect harmony.”The Chinese held that “one should be as inclusive as the ocean, which is vast because it admits hundreds of rivers” and called for drawing upon the strength of others. Today, China holds high the banner of peace, development and cooperation. It pursues an independent foreign policy of peace and commits itself firmly to peaceful development.It seeks to accelerate its development by upholding world peace. The world peace is, in turn, enhanced by China’s development. China firmly pursues a strategy of opening-up for mutual benefit and win-win outcomes. It genuinely wishes to enter into extensive cooperation with other countries. It is inclusive and is eager to draw on the strength of other civilizations to pursue peace and development through cooperation and play its part in building a harmonious world of enduring peace and common prosperity.Ladies and gentlemen, dear friends，China and the United States are both countries of vast territory where many ethnic groups coexist and different cultures intermingle. Both our two peoples arehard-working and talented. Due to different historical backgrounds and national conditions, there are differences between China and the United States. But this enables us to learn from each other and draw on each other’s strengths. Closer China-U.S. cooperation serves the fundamental interests of our two countries and peoples and is also of far-reaching significance for peace and development of the whole world.Vast as it is, the Pacific Ocean has not stood in the way of exchanges and cooperation between our two peoples over the past two hundred years, and many moving episodes of mutual learning and mutual help between our two peoples who represent different civilizations have been recorded. In the 27 years since the establishment of diplomatic relations in 1979, China-U.S. relations have maintained steady momentum of growth despite twists and turns on the way, bringing tremendous benefits to both countries and peoples.Entering the 21st century, the world has continued to undergo profound changes. Peace and development remain the calling of our times. On the other hand, factors causing instability and uncertainty are increasing and new challenges and threats are looming. Against this backdrop, the common interests between our two countries are increasing and the areas of our cooperation widening. Global peace and security now face new challenges, such as fighting international terrorism, preventing the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, protecting the environment and human habitat and combating transnational crimes. And it is exactly in these fields that we share important strategic interests. China has a huge market and its development has generated strong demand, while the United States has advanced technology and high quality products. This has created enormous opportunities for economic and technical cooperation between our two countries. Indeed, there is a broad prospect for the growth of constructive and cooperative China-U.S. relations in all fields.Yesterday morning, President Bush and I had an in-depth exchange of views on China-U.S. relations and major international and regional issues of common interest and reached broad and important agreement. We are both of the view that the two sides should approach our relations from the strategic and long-term perspective and that we should enhance dialogue, expand common ground, increase mutual trust, deepen cooperation and promote the overall growth of the constructive and cooperative China-U.S. relations in the 21st century.When we focus on the overall interest of China-U.S. relations, respect and show understanding to each other, I am confident that our relations will move ahead in a healthy and steady manner, and contribute to the well-being of our two peoples and bring greater hope to people around the world.Ladies and gentlemen, dear friends，A composer cannot write enchanting melody with one note, and a painter cannot paint landscape with only one color. The world is a treasure house where the unique cultural achievements created by people of all countries are displayed. The。
【考试必备】工程硕士研究生英语基础教程(汉译英1-15)
工程硕士研究生英语基础教程(汉译英Unit1-15)Unit 1B.1. 她计划自己创业。
She plans to set up her own bussiness2. 态度也很重要。
Attitude also matters.3. 她在客人们到达之前把所有家具都擦亮了. She had polished all the furniture before the gusets arrived.4.有些经理不知道如何与人打交道。
(handle)Some managers have no idea how to handle people.5.我们完成那项工程的时间打破了记录(record)We finished the work in record time.6.她喜欢东西都摆好以后再开始工作。
She likes everything to be in place before she starts working.7.她常常一天工作12小时。
（put in）She often puts in 12 hours’ work a day.8.他是从报纸上得到这一信息的.（acquire）He acquired the information from the newspapers.9.我们部门有一个助理的职位空缺.( Associate prefessor 副教授lecturer 讲师)There’s an opening for an assistant in our department.10.该组织旨在促进各国之间的友谊.The organization works to promote friendship between nations.Unit2B.1. 今晚她很可能给我打电话。
（likely）She is very likely to ring me tonight.2. 我看不懂这篇文章（beyond）Understanding this article is beyond my capacity.3. 新刷的一层油漆可使房间焕然一新（transform）A fresh coat of paint can transform a room.4. 做事不先考虑总会导致失败。
郭妈英语汉译英 (1)
1 明年将有更多的电站在这个城市建立起来。
More power stations will be built in this city next year.2 她说这本关于自然资源的书已经译成英文了。
She says that the book about natural resources has been translated into English.3 他告诉我们他们家乡正在建一个大钢铁厂。
He tells me that a large iron and steel factory is being built in his hometown.4 到今年年底这家工厂将已经生产加工20万吨钢材。
By the end of this year, this factory will have produced and processed 20000 tons of steels.5 随着时间的流逝，人类会对外部空间有更多的了解。
With time passing by, human will know more about the outer-space.6 公共汽车突然停车时，他差点儿受伤。
He hardly had hurt himself when the bus suddenly stopped.7 他对这所大学贡献如此之大，以至于新图书馆以他的名字命名。
He made such great contribution to the university that the new library was named after him.8 他在台上出现，受到观众的热烈欢迎。
He was welcomed /well received by the audience on his appearance on the stage.9当他第一次去巴黎的时候，那里正在进行和谈。
When he first came to Paris, there was a peaceful negotiation being held there.10 机器出故障了，正在校办工厂修理。
2023年中考英语重点句型汉译英一整理
2023年中考英语重点句型汉译英一整理今日我为大家（总结）了学校英语重点句型汉译英，这些句型都是平常我们在课本中学习的重要句型，大大小小的考试中常常消失的考点，大家应当熟记并把握，才能为高中阶段的（英语学习）打下坚实的基础。
大家抓紧学习起来吧。
重点句型汉译英一1 as soon as我一到那就给你打电话。
Ill call you as soon as I arrive/ get to/ reach there。
我刚旅行回来就见到了爷爷。
I saw grandpa as soon as I came back from the trip。
他一到家就开头下雨了。
As soon as he got home，it began to rain。
2 asas李平做作业不如Lucy细心，所以她老犯同样的错误。
Li Ping doesnt do homework as carefully as Lucy，so she always makes/ keeps making the same mistake。
我和他一样高。
Ii am as tall as him。
他跑得不如你快。
He doesnt run as quickly as you。
3 asas possible我会尽快给你打电话。
I will call you as soon as possible。
请尽早起床。
Please get up as early as possible。
学英语的最好（方法）是尽可能多听，多说。
The best way to learn English well is to listen and speak as much as possible。
4 ask sb。
for sth。
你可以向那边的警察求助。
You can ask the policeman for help。
无论她要什么，父母都会为她找到。
No matter what she asks for，her parents will try to get it。
汉译英1
汉译英1．他单独一人，但他并不觉得寂寞。
（alone，lonely）2．谁是你们的班主任？（in charge of）3．他们是我们的同龄人。
（of one’s own age）4．这个月底我们将学完第一单元。
（at the end of）5．九月我们开始了高中的学习。
（start…education）6．她的笑使我们心情舒畅。
（feel comfortable）7．别紧张，再试一试。
（nervous）8．他环顾四周，但什么也没有看到。
（look around）9．汤姆进来时，我们正在聊天。
（chat）10．我们正在看墙上的课程表，老师进来了。
（when）11．新教材和旧教材有很大差异。
（different from）12．这次考试比我原来想像的难得多。
（much more）13．外宾们惊奇地看到上海有那么多高楼。
（be surprised to）14．饭后出去散步如何？（What about）15．因为他身体不舒服，我就决定一个人去了。
（as…without）16．这些天我们很忙，没空玩。
（no time for）17．大多数年轻人喜欢听流行音乐。
（be fond of）18．今天天气怎样？（like）19．北京有那么多地方可参观。
（visit）20．老师在树下休息，而孩子们在草地上踢球。
（while）21．他经常不去上学。
（absent）22．他救了那个溺水的孩子真勇敢。
（brave）23．他们不顾自己的安危冲进了火里。
（with no thought for）24．在一二天内学好英语是不可能的。
（in a day or two）25．当她看见孩子不见了，她惊慌地叫了起来。
（in fear）26．我昨天确实做作业了。
（do）27．警察抓住了小偷的手臂。
（catch）28．你看上去很疲倦，昨天晚上睡得好吗？（look）29．当医生到达时，那个人已经苏醒了。
（by the time）30．昨天我回来时，父母已吃过晚饭了。
翻译理论(汉译英)
六、表示谚语的无主句英译时可译为无主句，
亦可译为人称句，要视情况而定 a)三思而后行。 First think，then speak． b)入乡随俗 When in Rome，do as the Romans do． c)活到老，学到老。 One is never too old to learn． d)不入虎穴，焉得虎子。 He who would search for pearls must dive deep．Nothing venture, nothing have.
翻译理论（汉译英）
第一章汉语单句句型的翻译(一)
第一节 无主语的译法 无主句，顾名思义，就是没有主语的句子。
英语中除谚语外，只有省略了主语的祈使句为 无主句。而汉语中无主句却比比皆是，一般用 来表示自然现象、命令、谚语、存现、叙述等 意义。汉语的无主句翻译时常采用下列方式： 一、表示自然现象，时间，距离的无主句一般 译作英语的无人称句 英语的无人称句由“代词it”作主语，其表意 功能与汉语表自然现象、时间、距离的无主句 相同，翻译时常可对译。如：
汉语的动词无词形变化，而英语的非限定动词有不 定式与分词的区别,翻译英中必须注意宾补动词形式 的运用。“使、令”类兼语式的宾补多为不定式， 有的动词只能用分词作宾朴，有的不定式，分词皆 有，意思不同，须加区别使用。 如： a)不要让你妈一直等你。 Don't keep your mother waiting． b)这话使我们都笑了。 The words set us all laughing c)他觉得房子在摇动。 He felt the house shaking 1)当动词是“keep，catch，set，feel”等时。宾补 动词应用现在分词以表进行中的动作。
汉译英1
汉译英句子翻译：1．他用辛辛苦苦积攒了五年的钱买了一架照相机。
然后，他带着它走遍全国，拍摄了许多祖国名胜古迹的照片。
With the money he had saved hard for five years, he bought a camera, with which he then traveled around the country, taking numerous pictures of the scenic spots and places of historic interest of our motherland. (用非限制性定语从句合并)2．现在，每年都有几百万人到长城游览。
在旺季，几处最著名的景点总是让成群结队的游客挤得水泄不通。
Now, millions of people journey to the Great Wall each year, making its most popular sites besieged by hordes of tourists during busy seasons.(将原文中的第二句译成第一句的伴随状语，即把原文中两个有一定关系的简单句合为一个句子，且句意不变。
这样更简练。
)3．中国是一个发展中的沿海大国。
中国高度重视海洋的开发和保护，把发展海洋事业作为国家发展战略。
As a major developing country with a long coastline, China attaches great importance to marine development and protection, and takes it as the state’s development strategy.（原句被翻译成一个长长的英语单句。
原句的第一句被译成一个有as引导的介词短语。
）4．我国人口众多，人均资源有限，资金不足。
发展精加工高附加值的产品出口，是今后扩大出口的一个关键。
汉英翻译基础教程(课堂PPT)
正确译文 Artificial flower Lip-synch Counterfeit money Adulterated wine Pseudo-news Pseudo-science Vicious circle Malignant tumor Inflationary spiral
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二、对等译法
例1. 他是在我不知道的情况下拿走它的。 He took it without my knowledge.
例2. 我们必须杜绝浪费现象。 We must put an end to waste
例3.周教授把自己的一生都献给了语言教学事
业Pr。ofessor Zhou devoted his whole life to language teaching.
正确译文 Chinese cabbage Password Mobile phone To fight a fire Puppy love Buy one, get one free. Acne Zoom lens Instant noodles Contact lens
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原文 绿豆 卧室 试穿 食言 番茄酱 酸奶 戴绿帽子 黄色书籍 高等学校
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3. 谚语： 趁热打铁 strike while the iron is hot. 滴水穿石 constant dropping wears the stone. 留得青山在,不怕没柴烧 As long as green hills
remain, there will never be a shortage of firewood. 路遥知马力,日久见人心 As distance tests a horse’s
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增补介词
例1: 中国是一个幅员广大、历史悠久的大国。
三笔汉译英同步解析训练1
汉译英一（选自“习近平主席在金砖国家工商论坛上的讲话”）金砖机制的诞生和发展，是世界经济变迁和国际格局演变的产物。
在第一个10年里，金砖合作乘势而起，亮点纷呈。
五国秉持开放包容、合作共赢金砖精神，推动各领域务实合作不断深入，深化了团结互信，增进了五国人民福祉，拉紧了利益和情感纽带，为世界经济企稳复苏并重回增长之路作出了突出贡献。
当今世界正面临百年未有之大变局。
对广大新兴市场国家和发展中国家而言，这个世界既充满机遇，也存在挑战。
我们要在国际格局演变的历史进程中运筹金砖合作，在世界发展和金砖国家共同发展的历史进程中谋求自身发展，在“金色十年”里实现新的飞跃。
◆重点词汇&专有名词金砖机制：BRICS mechanism.金砖国家（BRICS），因其引用了巴西（Brazil）、俄罗斯(Russia)、印度(India)、中国（China）、和南非（South Africa）的英文首字母。
由于该词与英语单词的砖（Brick）类似，因此被称为“金砖国家”。
国际格局:international landscape.也可译作international pattern/structure百年未有之大变局:此句具有很强的中国特色，英文中没有对等的短语表达，因此需要译出其全部意思。
结合整句可调整译为：major changes unfolding in our world, something unseen in a century.新兴市场: emerging markets.◆翻译技巧点拨1、原文：在第一个10年里，金砖合作乘势而起，亮点纷呈。
五国秉持开放包容、合作共赢金砖精神，推动各领域务实合作不断深入，深化了团结互信，增进了五国人民福祉，拉紧了利益和情感纽带，为世界经济企稳复苏并重回增长之路作出了突出贡献。
译文：In its first decade, BRICS cooperation got off the ground and bore rich fruit. We five BRICS countries, guided by the BRICS spirit of openness, inclusiveness and win-win cooperation, have deepened our cooperation, enhanced our solidarity and mutual trust, improved the lives of our peoples, and made our bond of interests and friendship even closer. Indeed, our cooperation has contributed much to global economic recovery and growth.解析：1)本段有较多的中式四字短语以及特色化表达，典型的流水散句加上动宾短语。
一级词汇(一)英译汉
一级词汇（一）1. my pron.2. name n.3. is v.4. clock n.5. I pron.6. am v.7. I'm =I am8. nice adj.9. to prep.10. meet v.11. you pron.12. what pron.& adj.13. what's =what is14. your pron.15. hello int.16. hi int.17. his pron.18. and conj.19. her pron.20. question ; n.21. answer n.22. look v.23. first num.24. first name25. last adj.26. last name27. boy n.28. girl n.29. zero num.30. one num.31. two num.32. three num.33. four num.34. five num.35. six num.36. seven num. 37. eight num.38. nine num.39. telephone n.40. number n.41. telephone number42. phone n.43. phone number44. it pron.45 it's=it is46. card n47.ID card(ID=identification)48. family n.49. family name50. day n.51. this pron.& adj.52. pencil n.53. pen n.54. book n.55. eraser n.56. ruler n.57. case n.58. pencil case59. backpack n.60. pencil sharpener；61. dictionary n.62. that pron.& adj.63. yes adv.64. no adv.65. not adv.66. isn't =is not67. thank v.68. OK interj69. in prep.70. English n.71. a art.72. how; adv.73. do v.& aux.74. spell v.75. baseball n.76. watch n.77. computer n.78. game n.79. key n.80. notebook n.81. ring n.82. call v.83. at prep.84. the art.85. lost adj.86. found v.87. lost and found88. please interj89. school n.90. a set of91. excuse v.92. excuse me93. father n.94. parent n.95. brother n.96. grandmother n.97. grandfather n.98. friend n.99. grandparent n.100. these pron.& adj.101. are v.102. those pron.& adj.103. she pron.104. he pron.105. he's =he is106. son n.107. cousin n.108. daughter n.109. uncle n.110. aunt n.111. dear adj.112. thanks for113. photo n.114. here adv.115. picture n.116. for prep.117. sister n.118. mother n.119. where adv120. table n.121. bed n.122. dresser n.123. bookcase n.124. sofa n.125. chair n.126. drawer n.127. plant n.128.under prep.129. they pron.130. on prep.131. know v.132. bag n.133. math n.134. alarm clock135. CD (=compact disc)abbr.136. video n.137.tape n.138. video tape139.hat n.140. take v.141. thing n.142. to prep.143. mom n.144.can modal v.145. bring v.146. some pron.& adj. 147. need v.148.floor n.149. room n. (=television) abbr.151. desk n.152. have v.153. soccer n.154. ball n.155. soccer ball156. tennis n. 157. racket n.158. tennis racket 159. volleyball n. 160. basketball n. 161. bat n.162. does (do) v.& aux. 163. doesn't = dost not 164. let v.165. us pron.166. let's =let us167. play v.168. sound v. 169. good adj.170. sport n.171. we pron. 172. many adj. 173.club n.174. more pron. 175. class n.176. interesting adj. 177. boring adj. 178. fun adj. 179. difficult adj. 180. relaxing adj. 181. watch v. 182. watch TV183. has have v.184. great adj.185. collection n.186. but conj.187. play sports188. only adv.189.them pron.190. every adj.191. like v.192. banana n.193. hamburger n.194. tomato n.195. broccoli n.196. French fries197. orange n.198. ice n.199. cream n.200. ice cream201. salad n.202. strawberry n.203. pear n.204. have v.205. oh interj.206. countable noununcountable noun207. food n.208. egg n.209. apple n.210. carrot n.211. chicken n.212. breakfast n.213. lunch n.214. dinner n.215. fruit n.216. vegetable n.217. runner n.218. eat v.219. well adv.220. run v.221. star n.222. lot adv.223. lots of224. healthy adj.225. dessert n.226. list n.227. Bill228. Sandra229. Clark230. ping-pong n.231. furniture n.232. people n.233. an art.234. blank n.235. conversation n.236. other pron.237. also adv.238. Joe239. Lisa240.Martin241. how much242. pants （pl.）243. sock n.244. shirt n.245. T-shirt n.246. shorts n.247. sweater n.248. shoe n.249. skirt n.250. sale n.251. dollar$252. color n.253. black adj.& n.254. white adj.& n.255. red adj.& n.256. green adj.& n.257. blue adj.& n.258. yellow adj.& n.259. big adj.260. small的adj.261. short adj.262. long adj.263. clerk n.264. help v.265. want v.266. Here you are.267. welcome adj.268. You’re welcome.269. example n.270. ten num.。
英语翻译基础(英汉互译)-试卷1
英语翻译基础（英汉互译）-试卷1(总分：12.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、英汉互译(总题数：6，分数：12.00)1.汉译英（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 解析：2.哲学家只是一味地同古往今来的灵魂交谈——他读书，是同古昔人物交谈；他写作，是同子孙后代交谈；他讲演，是同莘莘学子交谈；他沉思是同自己交谈。
他长于洞见，洞见未来；他善于遐想，遐想无限；他耽于梦幻，幻游彼岸；他富于关怀，关怀永恒。
他同远在天涯的哲人和精神交谈，在这个意义上，他视通万里，思接千载。
他伟大，他不朽，他同古往今来的灵魂对话。
（分数：2.00）__________________________________________________________________________________________ 正确答案：(正确答案：A philosopher is solely concerned with conducting dialogues with the great souls from ancient antiquity to the contemporary era. In reading books, he converses with the ancients. In writing his own books, he converses with the progeny. In delivering lectures, he converses with a multitude of young students. In contemplating, he converses with himself. He is adept at insights, penetrating into the future. He excels in speculations, speculating on the infinite. He indulges in reveries, traveling in the other world in unbounded fantasy. He abounds in sympathies, concerned about the eternal. He converses with the philosophers and the great minds in the remotest corners of the earth. In this sense, his vision extends into the infinite distance and his thoughts are connected with the past and the future. His vision and thoughts transcend all spatiotemporal boundaries whatsoever. He is great; he is immortal; because he is in permanent dialogue with the great souls of the past, the present and the future.)解析：3.有时候，在工作中重要的倒是能否处理好人际关系而不是有很多的才能。
英译汉翻译基础理论教程
Chapter 1General Principles1.1What Is Translation?Translation is a rendering from one language into another, and is the faithful representation in one language of what is written or said in another language. So translation can be roughly defined as a reproduction or recreation。
Being a very complicated human activity, its whole picture is never easy to describe.Scholars with different academic backgrounds have attemted to define it from various perspectives .For example: The fan ,with its modern,elegant,bright and harmoniously,colored design,is an excellent electrical household appliance for cooling purpose on hot days.( 本电扇,款式新颖, 造型大方,色彩鲜艳, 色泽调和,是炎炎夏日用于消暑纳凉的家电精品.) 2,年近而立之年(He is getting on for thirty.); 3 一次得手,再次不愁. (If it worked once, it can work twice.)So translation is also a science, an art, a craft or skill. Translation mainly includes the following aspects: linguistic, cultural literary, semantic, functional and communicative views on it.1)Linguistic Views on TranslationTranslation theorists from the linguistic school conceive of translation as a linguistic activity and some believe that translation theory is a branch of linguistics.E.G.,He helps us finish the project in every field of their endeavor.2)Cultural View on TranslationIn the cultural approach, translation is regarded not only as a transfer of linguistic signs, but also as a communication of cultures, namely, “intercultural communication.”E. G.(1) There are many starred hotels in the city.(2) He has been to “summer resort.”(3) Here is a “folk customs park”.3) Literary Views on TranslationIt is an artistic recreation or recreated art.E. G.They also like to plant red pepper they know pretty well how to make full use of it, either in front of their doors or behind their houses. This is both practical and fine-looking.四川人食辣椒，也爱种植辣椒，门前屋后，见缝插针，既美观又饱口福。
高中必修一汉译英
必修一1.n.&vt.交换;交流;交易;兑换2.n.讲座;讲课vi.(开)讲座3.n.登记;注册;挂号4.vt.&vi.登记;注册5.n.性别6.adj.女(性)的;雌的n.雌性7.adj.男(性)的;雄的n.雄性8.n.国籍;民族9.n.国家;民族;国民10.n.设计者11.n.设计;设计方案vt.设计12.n.校园;校区13.adj.办正式的;正规的14.adj.焦虑的;不安的15.adj.恼怒的;生气的16.vt.使恼怒;打扰17.adj.办惊吓的;害怕的18.abbr.(源自拉丁)下午;午后19.abbr.(源自拉丁)上午;午前20.adj.级别高的n.较年长的人21.(美国)高中22.终于;最终23.adj.爱交际的;外向的24.n.印象;感想25.vt.使钦佩vi.留下印象26.留下好印象27.要是……会怎么样呢？28.n.小伙子;男人;家伙29.vi.&vt.集中注意;聚精会神30.集中精力于31.n.实验;试验32.不打扰;不惊动33.adj.令人尴尬的;难对付的34.adj.地位低的n.职位较低者35.(美国)初级中学36.vt.&vi.搜索;勘探37.adj.自信的;有把握的38.n.信心;信任39.adv.向前;前进adj.向前的40.盼望;期待41.记笔记42.n.光;信号vi.闪耀;闪光43.教学卡片;识字卡44.vt.组织;筹备vi.组建;成立45.n.组织;团体;机构46.n.目标;球门;射门47.n.策略;策划48.n.同伴;配偶;合伙人49.vi.&vt.改进;改善50.adj.好奇的;求知欲强的51.n.公司;商行;陪伴52.n.性格;个性53.n.方式;作风54.vt.&vi.修改;修订;复习55.adj.十几岁的;青少年的56.n.(13至19岁之间的)青少年57.n.芭蕾舞58.n.志愿者59.n.辩论;争论vt.&vi.辩论60.vt.较喜欢61.喜欢……多于……62.n.内容;[pl.]目录63.n.动作;运动;活动64.n.温室;暖房65.打扫(或清除)干净66.adj.合适的;适用的67.对……适合的68.adv.事实上;的确69.n.挑战;艰巨任务vt.怀疑70.n.(书、诗歌等)名称;标题71.n.话题;标题72.n.中学九年级学生;大学新生73.adj.难以理解的;不清楚的74.vt.使糊涂;使迷惑75.adj.糊涂的;迷惑的76.adj.(外语)流利的;熟练的77.vi.&vt.毕业n.毕业生78.vt.建议;推荐;介绍79.报名参加课程80.adj.高级的;高等的;先进的81.n.&vi.&vt.前进;发展;促进82.n.文学;文学作品83.adj.课外的;课程以外的84.adj.额外的;附加的85.adv.显然;明显地86.vi.&vt.停止;戒掉;离开87.adj.负责的;有责任的88.n.责任;义务89.对……负责90.n.解决办法;答案91.n.工作计划vt.安排;预定92.n.主编;编辑;编者93.n.盘子;碟子94.n.冒险;奇遇95.n.青年时期;青春96.n.专家;行家adj.熟练的97.n.行为;举止98.n.一代(人)99.vt.吸引;引起…注意(兴趣) 100.喜爱101.vi.&vt.集中精力等n.焦点102.集中;特别关注103.adj.有瘾的;上瘾的;入迷的104.n.对…入迷的人;吸毒成瘾者105.对……很入迷106.n.成年人adj.成年的107.芝加哥(美国城市)108.首尔(韩国首都)109.n.城堡;堡垒110.vi.&vt.申请;请求vt.应用111.申请112.n.签证113.vt.&vi.租用;出租n.租金114.vi.&vt.收拾(行李);包装115.adj.令人惊奇的;令人惊喜的116.adj.惊奇的;惊喜的117.n.安排;筹备118.adv.极其;非常119.n.来源;出处120.adj.狭窄的vi.&vt.使变窄121.adj.平坦的;扁平的n.公寓122.adj.强有力的;有权势的123.n.帝国124.n.皇帝125.n.地点;位置;现场126.控制;接管127.adj.官方的;正式的n.官员128.vt.辨别出;承认;认可129.n.类型;种类vi.&vt.打字130.n.空中航行;航班;航程131.n.住处;停留处;膳宿132.adj.唯一的;独特的;特有的133.n.小路;路线;道路134.n.目的地;终点135.除……以外136.vt.钦佩;赞赏137.n.建筑设计;建筑学138.n.建筑设计师139.n.资料(或广告)手册140.n.包裹;包装盒vt.将…包装141.包价旅游142.vt.联络;联系n.联系;接触143.n.文明;文明世界144.构成;形成145.n.士兵;军人146.n.交通运输系统vt.运输147.vi.徒步旅行vt.去……远足148.n.经济;节约149.adj.经济(上)的;经济学的150.n.借款;信用;称赞;学分151.信用卡152.n.细节;详情;细微之处153.(在旅馆、机场等)登记154.结账离开(旅馆等)155.n.&vi.(正式的)要求;请求156.n.视野;景色;看法157.n.景象;视野;视力158.n.雕塑;雕像159.abbr.公元前160.n.坟墓161.vt.挖掘;发掘162.n.&vi.&vt.议论;评论163.埃菲尔铁塔164.新天鹅堡165.冰岛(国家名)166.迪士尼乐园167.秘鲁(国家名)168.安第斯山脉169.亚马孙雨林170.印加帝国171.马丘比丘172.西班牙173.n.&adj.西班牙(语/人)的174.库斯科(秘鲁城市) 175.的的嘻喀湖176.乌鲁斯人177.兵马俑178.n.健康;健壮;适合179.n.足球180.n.体育场;运动场181.n.拳击(运动)182.n.羽毛球运动183.n.马拉松赛跑184.n.比赛项目;大事;公开活动185.跟随;到达;进步;赶快186.adj.滑雪的vi.滑雪187.vt.主办;主持n.主持人188.n.跑道;足迹vt.&vi.追踪189.田径190.n.健身房;体育馆191.n.体操(训练)192.锻炼;计算出;解决193.vt.&vi.使出汗;流汗n.汗水194.获得成功;准时到达195.n.传奇故事(或人物);传说196.n.运动员;运动健儿197.n.高手;主人vt.精通;掌握198.树立榜样199.n.荣誉;尊敬;荣幸200.n.荣誉;光荣;赞美201.n.奖章;勋章202.n.锦标赛;冠军赛;冠军称号203.n.冠军;优胜者204.n.决心;决定205.adv.分离;分开;成碎片206.破裂;破碎;崩溃207.vt.使受伤;损害208.adj.受伤的;有伤的209.n.伤害;损伤210.n.(运动队)队长;船长;机长211.丧失信心;泄气212.adj.优美的;优雅的213.n.力量;体力214.n.失败;失败的人(或事物) 215.放弃;投降216.vi.竞争;对抗217.有道理;合乎情理;表述清楚218.vi.&vt.叚装;装扮219.假装做某事220.即使;虽然221.num.一百万222.vi.作弊;舞弊vt.欺骗;蒙骗223.n.观众;听众224.adj.积极的;正面的;乐观的225.adj.苗条的;单薄的226.n.规定饮食vi.节食227.有作用或影响228.adv.相当;有点儿229.而不是230.n.俯卧撑231.停止做(或使用、食用);剪下232.有时;偶尔233.与……比较234.vi.慢跑n.慢跑235.n.压力;紧张vt.强调;重读236.n.错误;差错237.n.灾难;灾害238.n.龙卷风;旋风239.n.旱灾;久旱240.n.(山地或悬崖的)崩塌;滑坡241.vi.&vt.(使)滑行;滑动242.n.海啸243.n.洪水;大量vi.淹没244.火山喷发245.n.(地)震级;重大246.n.&vt.营救;救援247.vt.损害;破坏n.损坏;损失248.vt.摧毁;毁灭249.vt.疏散;撤出vi.撤离250.n.直升机251.n.死;死亡252.vt.影响;(疾病)侵袭253.n.避难处;居所vt.保护254.n.裂纹;裂缝vi.&vt.使破裂255.似乎;好像;仿佛256.n.&vt.破坏;毁坏257.严重受损;破败不堪258.n.百分之…adv.每一百中259.n.砖;砖块260.n.金属261.n.震惊;休克vt.(使)震惊262.震惊;吃惊263.n.电;电能264.vt.使落入险境n.险境;陷阱265.vt.埋葬;安葬266.vi.&vt.呼吸267.vi.&vt.复活;(使)苏醒268.n.振兴;复苏269.n.努力;艰难的尝试;尽力270.vi.&vt.统一;(使)成一体271.n.智慧;才智272.n.上下文;语境;背景273.vt.遭受;蒙受vi.受苦274.n.火山275.vi.&vt.火山爆发;岩浆喷出276.n.供应;补给vt.供应;供给277.n.台风278.露天;在户外279.n.(尤指西大西洋的)飓风280.vi.生存;存活vt.幸存281.n.电力供应;能量;力量282.vi.&vt.轻叩;轻敲n.水龙头283.n.管子;管道284.vi.&vt.吹口哨n.哨子(声) 285.n.突发事件;紧急情况286. a.镇静的;沉着的vt.使平静287.n.援助;帮助vi.&vt.帮助288.n.成套工具;成套设备289.急救箱290.现有(尤指帮助)291.vt&vi.碰撞;撞击n.撞车292.vt.&vi.打扫;清扫293.消灭;彻底消除294.n.海浪;波浪vi.&vt.挥手295.vi.&vt.侵袭;突击n.罢工296.vi.&vt.传递;传达vt.发表297.n.总结;概括;概要298.n.影响;结果;效果299.n.长;长度300.厄瓜多尔(国家名)301.孟菲斯(美国城市)302.艾伯塔省(加拿大省份) 303.科伦坡(斯里兰卡首都) 304.斯里兰卡(国家名)305.度尼西亚(国家名)306.泰国(国家名)307.马来西亚(国家名)308.苏门答腊岛309.钱德拉·特拉维310.n.十亿311. a.本地的;土著的n.本地人312.n.态度;看法313.n.指称关系;参考314.vi.提到;参考;查阅vt.查询315.指的是;描述;提到;查阅316.n.体系;制度;系统317.prep.即使;尽管318.浮沉;兴衰;荣辱319.n.因素;要素320.adj.以(某事)为基础的321.vt.以…为据点n.底部;根据322.追溯到323.n.骨头;骨(质)324.n.壳;壳状物325.n.符号;象征326.vt.&vi.雕刻327.n.王朝;朝代328.n.(植物、语言等)变体;异体329. a.主要的;重要的n.主修课330.不论……;不管……363.abbr.(源自法语)国际足联331.n.地方话;方言332.n.方式;方法;途径333. a.传统的;最优秀的n.名著334.n.尊重;关注vt.把……视为335.n.文字;符号;角色;品质336.n.书法;书法艺术337.adj.全球的;全世界的338.n.公共事务;事件;关系339.vt.欣赏;重视;感激vi.增值340.adj.特定的;明确的;具体的341.abbr.(源自拉丁语)公元342.n.&vi.斗争;奋斗;搏斗343.n.舌头;语言344.观点;看法345.n.学期346.n.汽油;气体;燃气347.n.汽油348.n.地铁349.n.公寓套房350.n.[pl.]内裤;短裤;裤子351.vt.恳求;祈求;哀求352.n.同等人;相等物a.相同的353.n.间隔;开口;差距354.n.要求;需求vt.强烈要求355.n.词汇356.n.描写(文字);形容357.vt.联系;讲述358.与……相关;涉及;谈到359.n.&a.(朝鲜/韩国)(语/人)的360.n.丹麦语;丹麦人a.丹麦的361.丹麦(国家名)362.n.&a.阿拉伯语/文学(的)。
英汉笔译基础教程 第1章 翻译概述
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
1.1.2 翻译的分类
❖按翻译工具形式来分：
▪ 口译（interpreting） ▪ 笔译（translation） ▪ 手语翻译（sign language interpreting）
❖按翻译的方向来分：
▪ 外语译入母语，即译入（in-translation，如英译汉） ▪ 母语译入外语，即译出（out-translation，如汉译英）
1.2.1翻译标准的演变
❖奈达：
▪ “衡量翻译质量的标准，不仅仅在于所译的词语能否被 理解，句子是否合乎语法规范，而在于整个译文使读者 产生什么样的反应。”
❖莱斯：
▪ 应根据翻译文本的类型来确定翻译内容与形式，依据译 文是否在一定的翻译情境下实现了它的功能来判断译文 的优劣。
❖辜正坤：
▪ “翻译标准多元互补论”，具体的翻译标准应该而且必 然是多元的而非一元的。
❖ 雅各布森从符号学的角度来分：
▪ 语内翻译（intralingual translation） ▪ 语际翻译（interlingual translation） ▪ 符际翻译（intersemiotic translation）
❖ 诺德从译文功能来分：
▪ 工具型翻译（instrumental translation） ▪ 文献型翻译（documentary translation）
▪ 国际标准组织（ISO）所制定的《翻译项目-通用指南》 （ISO/TS 11669:2012）中，翻译被定义为“用书面语形 式把源语中的信息转变为目标语中的信息。”
1.1.1 翻译的定义
❖ 不同的时代，不同的视角，不同的翻译家和翻译 理论家对什么是翻译，很难有共同的看法，这也 说明翻译是个开放式定义。
汉译英(一)
汉译英（一）Chinese-English translation从某种意义上说，汉语是一种很古老的语言，其最早的汉字已有近四千年的历史了。
汉字在其漫长的发展史中演化成许多不同的书写形式，如篆书（Seal script）、隶书（Clerical script）、楷书（Regular script）和行书（Running script）。
中国书法家（calligrapher）笔下的汉字往往以字形的夸张取得艺术效果，如旅游胜地的一些石刻碑文。
中国书法是一种独特的视觉艺术，它与众不同的地方在于它强调动态，充满了动感的生命。
中国书法对于东亚的诸多艺术风格有着深远的影响。
In a sense, Chinsese is an ancient language, the earlies Characters already having history of four thousand years. During their long history of development, characters have been evoling into plenty of different form of writing, such as Seal script, Clerical script, Regular script, and Running script. Chinese calligaphers result their Chinese characters acquiring artistic effect particularly in the form of exaggerated, for example,some ston inscripions in tourist resort. Chinese calligraphy being a unique visual art ,which emphasizes the dynamic, fulling movement life.Chinese calligraphy make a profound different to many art style of East Asia.。
汉英翻译基础练习.
汉英翻译基础练习第一章汉译英的理论基础1. 大厅的灯亮得我睁不开眼睛。
The bright lights in the hall dazzled me.The lights in the hall were so bright that they dazzled me.2. 母亲靠着纺车把他拉扯大，真是要星星不给月亮。
His mother had brought him up by doing spinning and had given him whatever he wanted.3. 这件事给邻居们知道，岂不笑歪了嘴？When neighbors heard of the matter, wouldn’t they laugh their heads off? (they’d laugh their heads off.)4.“上课了？”“你刚才上课了？”Have you just finished your class?“是不是已经上课了？”Has the bell gone? Am I late for class?“你第一次上课了？”How’s your first class?5. 他（听到这话）心里一跳，脸色也变了。
At this his heart missed a beat and his face became pale.6. 请到休息室去喝杯咖啡。
Please go to the lobby (drawing room, retiring room) to have a cup of coffee. (*restroom, bathroom, washroom)7. 日本以温泉驰名。
Japan boasts hot (*warm) spring.8. 我通常睡得很晚。
I usually go to sleep very late.第二章汉译英的词语处理1. 他们就着路灯下棋。
汉译英翻译(1)(1)
汉译英翻译1. “几点了?”都22了，还不快点”“What is the time?”It is already twenty-two past the hour, so hurry up, then.2.他看见我那辆漂亮的新车就非常眼红。
When he saw my splendid new car, he was absolutely green with envy.Be green with envy 嫉妒的要命Envious=jealous 嫉妒的3.他耸耸肩，摇摇头，两眼看天，一句话也不说。
He shrugged his shoulders, shook his head, cast up his eyes, but said nothing.4. 当老师的应当有耐心。
A teacher should have patience in his work.Teachers should be patient with their students.5. 虚心使人进步，骄傲使人落后。
Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind.Whereas=while 而Conceit 骄傲，自负 conceited Lag 停滞不前6. 没有调查研究就没有发言权。
He who makes no investigation and study has no right to speak.7. 三个臭皮匠，胜过诸葛亮。
Three cobbles with their wits combined equal Zhuge Liang the mastermind.Cobbles 鞋匠8.老师没布置作业就宣布下课了。
The teacher dismissed the class without any assignment.9. 我们没有闲工夫为这些琐事操心。
英汉翻译基础教程unit 1
主体 “介入”
近二、三十年流 行
侧重以解构主义 等受“后殖民主 义”思潮影响的 翻译理论
强调译者操纵
1.5 翻译的主体
• 翻译研究界已逐渐开始重视对译者主体性的研究，但 这不能仅仅停留在一般的呼吁“正名”阶段，而应进
一步探讨“译者背后的总的原因”、机理和特征，特
别是应从理论上真正对译者的“中心地位”和“主导
严复 “信、达、雅”
《天演论》、《原富》
1.3 翻译史简介
东方翻译史始于翻译佛经
高潮 时期
特点及代表人物
4th 五四运动至 马列主义经典《共产党宣言》、《莎士比
建国前
亚剧本》（梁实秋译）和苏联文学作品
《死魂灵》、《毁灭》等
白话文代替文言文
5th 建国初期到 东西方文学翻译
文革之前
译介学
6rd
20世纪70年 社科、科技、军事、外交、贸易、法律、
• 杳杳寒山道，rough and dark-the cold mountain trail，
• 落落冷涧滨。sharp cobbles-the icy creek bank. • 寂寂更无人。bleak，alone，not even a lone
hiker.
• 朝朝不见日，morning after morning I don't see the sun
代至今
文教、卫生等领域
翻译爆炸
1.4 翻译的标准
• 翻译的标准之争由来已久，“文质之争”、 “直译意译之争”、“归化异化之争”
• 严复：信、达、雅
• 鲁迅：宁信而不顺（直译） • 赵景深：宁错而务顺 • 许渊冲：诗歌翻译的三原则“三美”（意美、
音美、形美），“三化”（等化、浅化、深 化）
2022年考研英语(一)英译汉试题及详解
Between1807and1814the Iberian Peninsula(comprising Spain and Portugal)was the scene of a titanic and merciless struggle.It took place on many different planes:between Napoleon's French Army and the angry inhabitants;between the British,ever keen to exacerbate the emperor's difficulties,and the marshals sent from Paris to try to keep them in check;between new forces of science and meritocracy and old ones of conservatism and birth.(46)It was also, and this is unknown even to many people well read about the period,a battle between those who made codes and those who broke them.I first discovered the Napoleonic code-breaking battle a few years ago when I was reading Sir Charles Oman's epic History of the Peninsular War.In volume V he had attached an appendix,"The Scovell Ciphers.(47)It listed many documents in code that had been captured from the French Army of Spain,and whose secrets had been revealed by the work of one George Scovell,an officer in British headquarters.Oman rated ScovelFs significance highly,but at the same time,the general nature of his History meant that(48)he could not analyze carefully what this obscure of^cer may or may not have contributed to that great struggle between nations or indeed tell us anything much about the man himself.Keen to read more,I was surprised to find that Oman's appendix,published in1914,was the only considered thing that had been written about this secret war.I became convinced that this story was every bit as exciting and significant as that of Enigma and the breaking of German codes in the Second World War.The question was,could it be told?Studying ScovelFs papers at the Public Record Office,London,I found that he had left an extensive journal and copious notes about his work in the Peninsula.What was more,many original French dispatches had been preserved in this collection,which,I realized,was priceless.(49)There may have been many spies and intelligence officers during the Napoleonic Wars,but it is usually extremely dif伍cult to五nd the material they actually provided or worked on.As I researched ScovelFs story,I found far more of interest besides his intelligence work. His status in Lord Wellington's headquarters and the recognition given to him for his work were bound up with the class politics of the Army at the time.His story of self-improvement and hard work would make a fascinating biography in its own right,but represents something more than that.(50)Just as the code-breaking has its wider relevance in the struggle for Spain,so his attempts to make his way up the promotion ladder speak volumes about British society.1附录一2022年考硏英语(一)英译汉试题及详解尿圈*..............................................46.It was also,//and this is unknown even to many people well read about the period,//①②a battle between those who made codes and those who broke them.(28words)③①主句主干A It was also...a battle；②and this is unknown...是插入结构；③a battle是主句主干的表语中心词，后面的between those...and those…是介词短语修饰battle,其中两个those后面各带一个who引导的定语从句。
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10句
翻译1：经常做运动会提高人的自信
经常参加体育活动能够提高人们的自信心，这不但对年轻人而且对老人很重要。
翻译2：依赖计算器会影响人的心算能力（mental arithmetic）。
过度依赖计算器可能会对人们的心算能力有负面影响，对孩子的智力发展有威胁。
翻译3：很多女孩都不愿意在男人居多的行业里（male-dominated world）找工作。
很多女孩不愿意在男人为大多数的行业找工作，因为她们会面临在高职位升迁中的阻碍。
翻译4：环境问题已经成为公众关心的焦点。
环境问题比如温室气体的发放已经成为公共关注的焦点，因此一些规则应该被实施来处理这些问题。
翻译5：家长和老师应该努力去减少小孩看电视的时间。
家长和老师应该努力去减少孩子看电视的时间，这样会保护孩子的视力，鼓励他们做户外运动。