研究生英语听说教程(引进版)听力原文(下)

研究生英语听说教程(引进版)听力原文(下)
研究生英语听说教程(引进版)听力原文(下)

研究生英语听说教程(引进版)听力原文(下)

Take on Listening:Listening and Speaking Strategies

(book 2)

Lesson 3(1)

PART TWO MAIN DIALOGUE

Exercise 1

Gary: Well, here we are in L.A. Where shall we go first? Let’s look at the map. Don: We’ve never been to the Grand Canyon in Arizona…

Gary: Okay. Let’s go there.

Don: I hear it’s the most beautiful place on earth. It’s over 300 miles long, and the Colorado River goes right through it.

Gary: I wonder if we can go down into the canyon.

Don: Sure. They have all sorts of trips and tours. We can even take a small plane ride into the canyon.

Gary: That sounds great.

Don: All right then, the first stop is the Grand Canyon. Let’s be sure to call and make reservations at the campground. I’m sure the Arizona Tourist Service will help us. How long should we stay?

Gary: We want to do some hiking in the canyon and boating on the Colorado River. How does three days sound?

Don: That sounds right. Where do we go from there?

Gary: How about heading north? It starts to boil in the southwest in the summer. Don: Then let’s head up to Wyoming and camp a few days in the Yellowstone National Park.

Gary: Great. We can crash for one night in Salt Lake City, Utah, on the way.

Don: Salt Lake City, Utah?

Gary: Yeah, I heard it’s an interesting city. And it’s on the way to Yellowstone. Don: Okay. So, we’ll go north through Salt Lake City up to Yellowstone. I’ve always dreamed of camping under the stars in Wyoming. And, of course, seeing Old Faithful in Yellowstone.

Gary: Old Faithful? Is that the place where hot water shoots into the air every hour or so?

Don: Uh-huh, Old Faithful geysers. It’s supposed to be really exciting to watch. Gary: What else is there to do?

Don: We can go horseback riding, hiking, and fishing on lake Yellowstone. Also, if we go all the way out to some of the remote parts of the park, we can look for bears and other wild animals.

Gary: Ooh, that sounds a little scary.

Don: Yeah, but exciting. Let’s plan to stay three days. Hey, it’s not that far east from Yellowstone to Mt. Rushmore in South Dakota.

Gary: Is that the place where that artist carved the whole side of the mountain and made it into the shape of the heads of four presidents?

Don: Yeah.

Gary: Are you sure that’s in South Dakota? I thought Mt. Ruchmore is in North Dakota.

Don: No, i t’s in South Dakota.

Gary: Can we camp near there, or do we have to spring for a hotel?

Don: No, we won’t have to spend money on hotels until we hit a big city. I’m sure we can camp somewhere nearby.

Gary: Should we plan to stay one night?

Don: That sounds about right.

Gary: Where to next?

Don: Let’s go to Minnesota. Uncle Leo and Aunt Dora now live in Minneapolis. They have a big house. I’m sure they’d put us up. Minnesota is one of the most beautiful states in the country. It’s has thousands of lakes, plu s the Mississippi River.

Gary: Yeah, and it has great theater and dance, and the Minnesota Orchestra is one of the best in the entire country.

Don: Maybe we should stay four days to make sure we see everything.

Gary: Good idea. And from Minnesota, we can go down through Wisconsin into Illinois to Chicago. It sounds like a really great city; It’s right on Lake Michigan. Don: Chicago is known for its music; especially jazz. I want to go to a jazz club every night.

Gary: I really want to walk around Chicago and look at the architecture. My engineering teacher told me the buildings in the city are incredibly beautiful to look at. Why don’t we make hotel reservations for three nights.

Don: That sounds about right. So, what’s our itinerary?

Gary: Let’s see. From L.A. we go to Arizona; then Utah, Wyoming, South Dakota, Minnesota, and finally Chicago, Illinois.

Don: Do you think we can do all of this in two and a half weeks? We’ve got to get back in time for registration.

Gary: No problem. The way you burn rubber on the highway, we’ll get from Chicago to L.A. in half a day!

Don: Ha, ha, ha! I think we’ll need to count on as least four days for the return trip.

Gary: This sounds like the perfect vacation.

Don: Yeah, now all we have to do is figure out how to pay for it!

Exercise 3 Vocabulary in Context

NARRATOR: 1. SENTENCE

Gary: It starts to boil in the southwest in the summer.

NARRATOR: CONTEXT:

Gary: How about heading north? It starts to boil in the southwest in the summer. NARRATOR: 1. SENTENCE

Gary: It starts to boil in the southwest in the summer.

NARRATOR: 2. SENTENCE

Gary: We can crash for one night in Salt Lake City, Utah on the way. NARRATOR: CONTEXT:

Gary: We can crash for one night in Salt Lake City, Utah on the way.

Don: Slat Lake City, Utah?

Gary: Yeah, I heard it’s an interesting city. And it’s on the way to Yellowstone. NARRATOR: 1. SENTENCE

Gary: We can crash for one night in Salt Lake City, Utah on the way.

NARRATOR: 3. SENTENCE

Gary: Do we have to spring for a hotel?

NARRATOR: CONTEXT:

Gary: Can we camp near there, or do we have to spring for a hotel?

Don: No, we won’t have to spend money on hotels until we hit a big city. I’m sure we can camp somewhere nearby.

NARRATOR: 1. SENTENCE

Gary: Do we have to spring for a hotel?

NARRATOR: 4. SENTENCE

Do n: I’m sure they’d put us up.

NARRATOR: CONTEXT:

Don: Let’s go to Minnesota. Uncle Leo and Aunt Dora now live in Minneapolis. They have a big house. I’m sure they’d put us up.

NARRATOR: 1. SENTENCE

Don: I’m sure they’d put us up.

NARRATOR: 5. SENTENCE

Gary: I really want to walk around Chicago and look at the architecture. NARRATOR: CONTEXT:

Don: I really want to walk around Chicago and look at the architecture. My engineering teacher told me the buildings in the city are incredibly beautiful to look at.

NARRATOR: 1. SENTENCE

Gary: I really want to walk around Chicago and look at the architecture.

NARRATOR: 6. SENTENCE

Gary: What’s our itinerary?

NARRATOR: CONTEXT:

Gary: What’s our itinerary?

Don: let’s see; from L.A. we go to Arizona; then Utah, Wyoming, South Dakota, Minnesota, and finally Chicago, Illinois.

NARRATOR: 1. SENTENCE

Gary: What’s our itinerary?

NARRATOR: 7. SENTENCE

Gary: The way you burn rubber on the highway, we’ll get from Chicago to L.A. in half a day!

NARRATOR: CONTEXT:

Don: Do you t hink we can do all of this in two and a half weeks? We’ve got to get back in time for registration.

Gary: No problem. The way you burn rubber on the highway, we’ll get from Chicago to L.A. in half a day!

NARRATOR: 1. SENTENCE

Gary: The way you burn rubber on the highway, we’ll get from Chicago to L.A. in half a day!

Lesson 3(2)

PART FOUR FOCUS: EXPRESSIONS OF TIME

Exercise 2

1-A. Betty and Sam will start their vacation in five days. (repeat)

1-B. Betty and Sam will be away for one week. (repeat)

2. Debbie has been on vacation since Labor Day. (repeat)

3. That movie will be playing at the theater for six more days. (repeat)

4-A. Mr. Johnson began his business trip two days ago. (repeat)

4-B. Mr. Johnson must return by the day after tomorrow. (repeat)

5. Tim has a reservation for next Monday. (repeat)

6. Mark’s guests arrived on Rosh Hashanah. They were here for three days. (repeat)

7. Judy will fly to Hawaii in two days. She will be there for six days. (repeat)

8. Louise will be home from Toronto by Friday. (repeat)

Exercise 3

⒈My neighbor backpacked around Yosemite National Park from the beginning of June until the middle of July.

⒉Alaska has been the largest state in the United States since joining the union in 1959.

⒊We’ve already seen Old Faithful and most of the other spectacular geysers in Yellowstone National Park.

⒋Ms. Meyers must be in Washington, D. C., for an extremely important conference by 9:00 A. M. on Monday.

⒌You can get that special airline fare in thee weeks.

⒍You can get that special airline fare for another three weeks.

⒎I haven’t planned the itinerary for my cross-country vacation yet.

⒏We’ll reach the West Coast within five days.

⒐The population of New York is still very large.

⒑Getting a high school diploma is not uncommon anymore.

PART FIVE PRACTICE

Exercise 1

⒈How can I get information about Yosemite National Park?

⒉Has Jack returned from his trip yet?

⒊When did Hawaii become a state?

⒋How many states share a border with Canada?

⒌How high was the divorce rate in the U.S.A. 100 years ago?

⒍Why is the census so important?

⒎Who can look at the information on my census form?

⒏What did Mary and Dan do after they left Chicago?

⒐How long does it take to drive from here to Florida?

⒑Where is a lot of wheat and corn grown?

Exercise 2

⒈You can still ride the Mississippi River in an old fashioned river boat.

⒉Wisconsin is northeast of Iowa.

⒊When I was in Dallas, the Johnsons put me up.

⒋You can’t go camping in Armstrong State park for three months.

⒌Jim is flying from Texas to California.

⒍The average size of the American family is not large anymore.

⒎Illinois has been a heavily populated state since 1900.

⒏We stayed in a beautiful cabin on one of the highest mountains in the country.

⒐The Middle Atlantic states are north of the Southern states and south of the New England states.

⒑The high school graduation rate is rising, but so is the divorce rate.

Exercise 3

Jeff: Have you lived here in Michigan a long time/

Karen; No, only about two years. I’m originally from Canada.

Jeff: Really? People speak French in Canada, don’t they?

Karen: Yes, that’s true.

Bell Sound

Karen: But I don’t come from French-speaking Canada. I’m from Winnipeg, Manitoba.

Bell Sound

Jeff: where do they speak French in Canada?

Karen: In Quebec. French is the official language in that province.

Jeff: Isn’t Montreal the biggest city in Quebec?

Karen: Yes, it is.

Jeff: Have you ever been to Montreal?

Karen: Yes, many times.

Bell Sound

Jeff: You’re so lucky! I’ve heard that Montreal is a very beautiful and exciting city. It has all the charm of old Europe and all the conveniences of a modern North American city. But, why am I telling you this! You’ve been to Montreal and I haven’t. It’s obviously your favorite vacation spot!

Karen: I haven’t actually been there on vacati on. I had to go to Montreal for work, and unfortunately, I hated the job.

Bell Sound

Exercise 4

⒈Question: In which region of the United States does this conversation probably take place?

Emily: Ooh, would you look at the view of the ocean; it’s beautiful!

Steve: Yes, and with the mountains in the background, it looks like a post card. I’m really glad we decided to come here for our vacation.

Emily: Me, too. I don’t know if I ever want to go back to New York. Everything in this part of the country is wonderful. The weather is mild, and the forests and beaches are just spectacular.

Steve: And there’s so much to do! We can go fishing and boating, or just drive up and down this beautiful coastline.

Emily: Even the food is wonderful. The fruits and vegetables are so fresh and delicious.

Steve: We’re so used to eating oranges shipped up from Florida that it’s surprising to taste fruit that’s really fresh.

Emily: I sure wish we didn’t have to go home next week.

Steve: Well, maybe I should try to find a job in one of the lumber mills out here and we can stay!

⒉Question: In what part of the country do these people possibly live? Charlotte: Let’s go to Europe this summer.

Chuck: I don’t know. There are so many wonderful areas we still haven’t’ been to in North America yet.

Charlotte: That’s true. What did you have in mind?

Chuck: Well, I’ve always wanted to see Massachusetts. They say it’s really beautiful in the summer, and it’s much cooler than most other places, so it’s comfortable traveling around.

Charlotte: And it has a lot of really interesting historic sites. That might be fun, but you know, I’ve been wanting to go to California ever since I was a kid. I’d love to see Disneyland.

Chuck: Ooh, yeah! And I bet Hollywood would be really exciting. Just think of all the movie stars we could see.

Charlotte: And after Los Angeles, we could drive up to San Francisco and see the Golden Gate Bridge and ride on a cable car.

Chuck: Gee, you know what else would be really great? I recently read about the Grand Canyon. It’s supposed to be one of the most spectacular sites in the world. It would be wonderful to camp out in nature and just relax.

Charlotte: Oh boy. There are really just too many choices. Everything sounds so good. Chuck: Yeah, it’s hard to decide. Maybe we should just toss a coin.

Exercise 5

⒈Two hundred and fifty thousand people live in my city.

⒉I’ll be traveling to New York, Connecticut, and Boston.

⒊The hotel we stayed in was really lovely.

⒋The weather in Hawaii is almost always perfect.

⒌I’ve never been to the Midwest.

⒍The city hall building is famous because of its unique design.

⒎The Mississippi river separates Arkansas and Tennessee.

⒏Rhode Island is the smallest and Alaska is the largest.

⒐Slow down! You’re driving way too fast!

⒑The government reports that in the year 2000, over seven million people lived in New York.

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当代研究生英语1-8单元的cloze

1、There are two factors which determine an individual ’s intelligence. The first is the sort of brain he is born w ith .Human brains differ considerably, some being mor e capable than others . But no matter how good a brai n he has to begin with ,an individual will have a low or der of intelligence unless he has opportunities to learn . So the second factor is what happens to the individual -the sort of environment in which he is brought up .If a n individual is handicapped environmentally, it is likel y that his brain will fail to develop and he will never att ain the level of intelligence of which he is capable. Th e importance of environment in determining an individ ual’s intelligence can be demonstrated by the case histo ry of the identical twins, Peter and John. When the twin s were three months old, their parents died, and they w ere placed in separate foster homes. Peter was reared b y parents of low intelligence in an isolated communit y with poor educational opportunities. John, however , was educated in home of well-to-do parents who ha d been to college, This environmental difference contin ued until the twins were in their late teens, when the y were given tests to measure their intelligence. John’s IQ was 125,twenty-five points higher than the averag e and fully forty points higher than his identical brothe r. 2、Recent studies of the human brain have resulted in s ome interesting discoveries. Scientists believe that a wa y to improve the power of the brain may soon be possi ble. Scientists have 1.discovered that the brain can mak e its own drugs. The brain contains a protein substanc e which can act directly on the brain to change aspect s of mental activity. Some may change or improve, fo r example, creativity, intelligence, imagination, and go od memory. Chemicals found in the brain carry messag es .In recent years scientists have found chemicals tha t affect mood, memory and other happenings of the mi nd .About 25 have been found so far。Today the role o f chemicals and protein substance in human behaviour i s creating much interest .Research seems to show that t hey may help control insomnia, pain, and mental illnes s .They have a great capacity to stimulate the brain to c onquer deficiencies. They also improve the qualities o f memory and learning already in the brain .They hold t he secret to mood and emotion. Some day there may b e a chemical way to create a better more efficient brain. 3、By measuring the amount of HIV’s genetic material i n various representative tissue samples from infected p eople, and extrapolating form these samples to the entir e body, Haase estimates that at most 1 in 2,500 cells, m aybe fewer, is infected with HIV. This is nowhere nea r enough for direct cell killing to account for the depleti on in their numbers that leads to AIDS. Haase says tha t his own work now shows that large numbers of CD4 c ell ate becoming trapped in lymph tissue, and he believ es that HIV also disrupts the production of new cells. I n common with a number of other researchers, he als o believes that HIV may cause the loss of uninfected C D4 cells by triggering abnormally high levels of cell su icide ,or apoptosis-a separate process that has been a su bject of research throughout the 1990s . Taken together , these findings clearly suggest that HIV keeps the imm une system in a state of constant activation, and unbala nces it in four ways :by trapping mature cells ,by stoppi ng the production of new cells, by triggering abnormall y high rates of apoptosis and by killing a small but sign ificant number of cells directly. Their combined impac t leaves the immune system depleted and unable to cop e with opportunistic infections. How will any of this affect treatments? Would better kn owledge of the ways in which the virus disturbs the im mune system enable researchers to rebuild it ,broadenin g the depleted repertoire of CD4 cells ? Roederer,at lea st, thinks that drugs that directly affect the immune syst em will be needed. Others go further, Jay Levy at the University of Califor nia ,San Francisco, worries that prolonged treatment wi th cocktails of antiviral drugs might even fool the imm une system and “put it to rest”, by keeping levels of HI V so low in the body that they fail to trigger any immu ne responses at all. This might make individuals who st op taking the drugs even more vulnerable. He argues th at immune-restoring treatments should be given alongsi de antiviral drugs. Already, some researchers are worki ng on novel approaches such as developing geneticall y engineered T cell to replace lose CD4 cells. 4、what is Golbalization? Economic “globalization” is a historical process, the re sult of human innovation and technological progress .I t refers to the increasing integration of economies arou nd the world,particularly through trade and financial fl ows. The term sometimes also refers to the movemen t of people (labor) and knowledge (technology) across i nternational borders. There are also broader cultural, po litical and environmental dimensions of globalization t hat are not covered here . At its most basic, there is not hing mysterious about globalization. The term has com e to common usage since the 1980s, reflecting technolo gical advances that make it easier and quicker to compl ete international transactions-both trade an financial f lows, It refers to an extension beyond borders of the s ame market forces that have operated for centuries a t all levels of human economic activity-village markets , urban industries ,or financial centers. Markets promot e efficiency through competition and the division o f lab or-the specialization that allows people and economie s to focus on what they do best .Global markets offer gr eater opportunity for people to tap into more and large r markets around the world. It means that they can ha ve access to more capital flows, technology, cheaper im ports, and larger export markets. But markets do not ne cessarily ensure that the benefits of increased efficienc y are shared by all. Countries must be prepared to em brace the policies needed,and in the case of the p oorest countries may need the support of the inter national community as they do so. 5、Spinal cords Agricultural and public-health experts in Britain fin d many other serious flaws in th e government’s handlin g of the mad-cow epidemic. Officials waited months af ter discovering the first cases of BSE to declare it a not ifiable disease, requiring that all cases be reported to t he authorities. They waited nearly three years to forbi d us e o f cattle brains and spinal cords in food for huma ns. The government offered to compensate farmers fo r any suspected BSE cases they destroyed- but at far les s than the animal’s normal value, a rate that discourage d farmers from reporting th e disease in their herds, acc ording to critics.It could all have been over in a month , says Millstone.It might have cost a few million pound s. But that’s fraction of what it’s going to cost now.”Cu rrie argues that the government likewise fumbled whe n it disclosed the possible link between CJD and mad-c ow disease. “If you are going to announce a health scar e,” She says ,” you have to announce at the same tim e what you are going to do about it.”The government h as yet to announce any’preventive measures beyond a f ew tightened restrictions, such as the ban on mammalia n meat in cattle feed. Currie herself knows all too wel l how easy it is to start a public health panic; she left he r post as health minister after helping touch off a scare i n the winter of 1988-1989 over the safety of British eg gs and other farm products.” 6、Almost every American wears a watch, and, in nearl y every room in an American home, there's a clock. "B e on time." "Don't waste time." "Time is money." "Tim e waits for no one." All o f these familiar sayings reflec t the American obsession with promptness and efficien cy. Students and employees disappoint their teachers an d bosses when they arriv e late. This desire to get the m ost out of every minute often affects behavior, makin g Americans impatient when they have to wait.The pr essure to make every moment count sometimes make s it difficult for Americans to relax and do (10)nothing . The desire to save time and handle work efficiently o ften leads Americans to buy many kinds of machines. T hese range from household appliances to equipment fo r the office, such as calculators, photocopy machines a nd computers. One )such machine is the video cassett e recorder(VCR), which gives Americans a new kind o f control over time. Fans of professional football don' t have to miss the Sunday afternoon game on TV beca use of a birthday party. They simply videotape it. Then , for them, the Sunday afternoon game occurs on Sunda y evening. 7、Intellectual property regimes coupled with trade reg ulations have serious implications for third world econ omies. Agricultural research has 1[developed] much fa ster on plants than animals. And there is 2[insufficient ] reason to expect that if species patents on plants are u pheld, the practice of 3[granting] such patents will be r estricted to them. It seems from developments so far th at the blitzkrieg is 4[inching] its way to higher life for ms. Protection and enforcement strategies for plant-b ased technology are 5[implement]through four differen t forms of intellectual property: utility plants, plant pate nts, plant variety protection certificates and trade secret s. 6[since] patenting provides a broader range of protec tion and 7[costs] less, this has potential to be preferre d means of 8[protecting] plant-based inventions by priv ate companies in the US. New utility patents form mor e aggressive property rights than ever existed in biologi cal material 9[before]. Utility patents can establish p roperty 10[right] in broad classes of organisms in radic ally different 11[species] as long as the organisms hav e the same traits and functional properties. The Harvar d oncomous e patent is 12[actually] an mammal patent . Harvard thus owns any mammal with any recombinan t cancer causing gene, (and there are about forty of the m known) inserted into any mammal or its ancestors a t an embryonic stage. This allows 13[biotechnicians] t o patent organisms they have never actually produced . Broadly worded patent rights (as in the case of cott on or soybean), or the taking out of a large number of p atents effectively 14[suppress] competition through th e threat o f infringement suits . 15[on]a global scale thi s allows patent holders to exert 16[control] on the prod uction of a variety of agricultural commodities leadin g to unprecedented competitive advantage. The enormit y of this possibility has ledto”biocolonial”concerns in t he developing world. Utility patents also18[prohibit] farmers from the comm on practice of saving and using seeds from previous cr ops or from 19[breeding] animals, as well as restrictin g research exemptions. This could create a barrier to fu rther innovation . Most nations have in place a researc h exemption analogous to the fair use doctrine in copyr ight law. 8、Shyness is the cause of much unhappiness for a grea t many people. Shy people are anxious and self-conscio us; that is, they are excessively concerned with their o wn appearance and actions. Worrisome thoughts are co nstantly occurring in their minds: what kind of impressi on am I making? Do they like me? Do I sound stupid ? Am I wearing unattractive clothes? It is obvious tha t such uncomfortable feelings must affect people. A pe rson's self-concept is reflected in the way he or she beh aves, and the way a person behaves affects other peopl e's reactions. In general, the way people think about the mselves has a profound effect on all areas of their lives . Shy people, having low self-esteem, are likely to b e passive and easily influenced by others. They need re assurance that they are doing "the right thing." Shy peo ple are very sensitive to criticism; they feel it confirm s their feelings of inferiority. They also find it difficul t to be pleased by compliments because they believe th ey are unworthy of praise .A shy person may respond t o a compliment with a statement like this one, "You're j ust saying that to make me feel good. I know it's not tru e." It is clear that while self-awareness is a healthy qual ity, overdoing it is harmful. Can shyness be completel y eliminated, or at least reduced? Fortunately, people c an overcome shyness with determined and patient effor ts in building self-confidence. Since shyness goes (14)h and in hand with a lack of self-esteem, it is important f or people to accept their weaknesses as well as strengt hs. For example ,most people would like to be “A” stu dents in every subject .It is not fair for them to label the mselves inferior because they have in difficulty in som e areas.people’s expectations o f themselves must be re alistic .Living on the impossible leads to a sense of ina dequacy. Each one of us is a unique, worthwhile indivi dual, interested in our own personal ways. The better w e understand ourselves, the easier it becomes to live u p to our full potential. Let's not allow shyness to bloc k our chances for a rich and fulfilling life.

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