过瘤胃脂肪对反刍动物瘤胃代谢功能的影响研究_滕佳伍

本研究论文由天津市自然科学

基金资助项目（043611311）资助完成

摘 要

本文以小尾寒羊为材料研究和比较了不同类型过瘤胃脂肪对绵羊采食量、瘤胃内环境、营养物质消化率以及血液生化指标等方面的影响。

选择体重相近并安装有瘤胃瘘管和十二指肠瘘管的小尾寒羊4只，采用4×4拉丁方实验设计方法，研究了脂肪酸钙、植物脂肪粉和硬脂肪对绵羊瘤胃PH、氨氮浓度、采食量、营养物质消化率、血液生化指标以及瘤胃营养物质降解率的影响。结果如下： 1）对绵羊采食量、营养物质消化率和瘤胃液pH、氨态氮的影响：三种过瘤胃脂肪对绵羊采食量无显著影响；脂肪酸钙组与植物脂肪粉组的日粮粗蛋白消化率比对照组要低，且差异显著(P<0.05)，硬脂肪组日粮粗蛋白消化率比脂肪酸钙组和植物脂肪组要高，其中硬脂肪组与植物脂肪粉组差异显著(P<0.05)；植物脂肪粉组ADF和NDF比照组消化率要低，且差异显著(P<0.05) 三种过瘤胃脂肪对绵羊瘤胃PH及氨浓度影响均不显著（P>0.05）。

2）对CP、ADF和NDF瘤胃降解的影响：脂肪酸钙组和植物脂肪粉组的日粮粗蛋白降解率较对照组稍高，而硬脂肪组较对照组稍低，但各处理组之间没有显著差异（P>0.05）；；植物脂肪粉组和硬脂肪粉组的日粮ADF降解率比对照组要高，而脂肪酸钙组比对照组要低，但处理组之间差异并不显著（P>0.05）；脂肪酸钙组、植物脂肪粉组以及硬脂肪组的日粮NDF降解率都比对照组要高，但差异并不显著(P>0.05)。

3）对绵羊瘤胃液VFA产量以及乙丙酸摩尔浓度比的影响：植物脂肪粉组的乙酸和丙酸产量最高，但与对照组相比差异不显著（P>0.05）；硬脂肪组与脂肪酸钙组以及对照组之间丁酸浓度有显著差异（P<0.05）；硬脂肪粉组瘤胃液乙丙酸摩尔浓度比显著高于对照组。

4）对绵羊血液生化方面的影响：三种过瘤胃脂肪发对绵羊血钙浓度无显著影响；绵羊日粮中添加过瘤胃脂肪后血液镁水平都有一定的提高，其中植物脂肪粉能显著提高血液镁浓度（P<0.05）；各试验组的TCH以及TG水平均比对照组要高，但无显著差异（P>0.05）。

通过本研究得出：1，脂肪酸钙、植物脂肪粉以及硬脂肪对瘤胃PH、氨浓度、乙丙酸产量、干物质采食量、营养物质瘤胃降解率、血钙、TCH、TG等方面影响并不显著，但硬脂肪对丁酸以及乙丙酸摩尔比有显著影响（P<0.05），植物脂肪粉对血镁浓度也有显著影响（P<0.05）2，过瘤胃脂肪对营养物质全消化道消化率影响较大，其中脂肪酸钙组与植物脂肪粉显著降低了蛋白消化率，植物脂肪粉能显著降低ADF和NDF消化率(P<0.05)，但处理组之间差异不显著。

关键词：绵羊；过瘤胃脂肪；瘤胃代谢

THE EFFECTS OF RUMEN PROTECTED FAT ON THE

FUNCTION OF RUMEN METABOLISM

Abstract

Four sheep with ruminal and duodenal cannulas were used in a 4×4 Latin square design to study the effects of rumen protected fat on the function of rumen metabolize. treatments were basal diet（A）、basal diet plus 40g calcium soap（B）、basal diet plus 40g vegetalbe tallow（C）and basal diet plus 40g stearin(D)，the results showed as follows：

1）The effects of rumen protected fat on sheep intake, pH,[NH3-N] and nutrient digestibility: there were no significantly difference in sheep intake, PH, and rumen [NH3-N] among the treatments；treatments B,C and D decrease the digestibility of CP prominently (P<0.05),the digestibility of CP in treatment C is lower than treatment B and D(P<0.05)；The digestibility of ADF and NDF in treatment C is lower than treatment A(P<0.05).

2) The effects of rumen protected fat on CP，ADF and NDF degradation: the CP degradation in treatment B and C is higher than A, CP degradation of treatment D is lower than A, but there is no significantly difference among them(P>0.05)；NDF and ADF degradation in treatment A is higher than B and D，but there is no significantly difference（P>0.05）；ADF and NDF degradation in treatment C is lower than A(P<0.05).

3) The effects of rumen protected fat on VFA concentration and acetate/propionate ratio: there is no significantly difference in VFA concentration and acetate/propionate ratio (P>0.05), 40g/d stearin can prominently increase the acetate/propionate ratio and butyric acid concentration.

4) The effects of rumen protected fat on calcium, magnesium, TCH and TG concentration in sheep blood: after appending 40g/d rumen protected fat in basal diet, the magnesium, magnesium, TCH and TG can be increased，but no significantly difference except that blood magnesium in treatment C are higher prominently than A(P<0.05).

From this study, we can conclude that：1，there is no significantly difference in pH, [NH3-N], Acetate concentration, propionate concentration, intake, nutrient degradation, blood calcium, TCH and TG.;40g/d stearin in sheep can prominently increase the butyric acid concentration and