丁二烯的精馏工艺设计

化工与材料工程学院毕业设计年产1.6万吨丁二烯的精馏工艺设计

学生学号

学生姓名

专业班级

指导教师金朝晖副教授

联合指导教师高华晶副教授

完成日期2011-8-29

化工学院

Chemical Technology

摘要

丁二烯是一种重要的石油化工基础有机原料和合成橡胶单体，是C4馏分中最重要的组分之一，在石油化工烯烃原料中的地位仅次于乙烯和丙烯。由于其分子中含有共轭二烯，可以发生取代、加成、环化和聚合等反应，使得其在合成橡胶和有机合成等方面具有广泛的用途，可以合成顺丁橡胶(BR)、丁苯橡胶(SBR)、丁腈橡胶、苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯弹性体(SBS)、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS)树脂等多种橡胶产品，此外还可用于生产己二腈、己二胺、尼龙66、1，4-丁二醇等有机化工产品以及用作粘接剂、汽油添加剂等，用途十分广泛。

目前，世界丁二烯的来源主要有两种，一种是从炼油厂C4馏分脱氢得到，该方法目前只在一些丁烷、丁烯资源丰富的少数几个国家采用。另外一种是从乙烯裂解装置副产的混合C4馏分中抽提得到，这种方法价格低廉，经济上占优势，是目前世界上丁二烯的主要来源。根据所用溶剂的不同，该生产方法又可分为乙睛法(ACN法)、二甲基甲酰胺法(DMF法)和N-甲基吡咯烷酮法(NMP法)3种。

乙腈法，该法最早由美国Shell公司开发成功，并于1956年实现工业化生产。它以含水10%的乙腈(ACN)为溶剂，由萃取、闪蒸、压缩、高压解吸、低压解吸和溶剂回收等工艺单元组成。目前，该方法以意大利SIR工艺和日本JSR工艺为代表。二甲基甲酰胺法，二甲基甲酰胺法(DMF法)又名GPB法,由日本瑞翁N-甲基吡咯烷酮法(NMP法)由德国BASF公司开发成功，并于1968年实现工业化生产，建成一套7.5万吨/年生产装置。公司于1965年实现工业化生产，并建成一套4.5万吨/年生产装置。N-甲基吡咯烷酮法，N-甲基吡咯烷酮法(NMP法)由德国BASF公司开发成功，并于1968年实现工业化生产，建成一套7.5万吨/年生产装置。也是目前国内主要生产方法。

本次毕业设计结合吉林化工有机合成厂采用乙腈法（CAN法）年产14万吨丁二烯工艺，通过已给出的数据进行物料衡算，热量横算，设备计算和换热器等计算完成年产12000吨丁二烯的精馏工艺设计，并进行工艺流程图，设备布置图，设备配管图等设计与绘制，将所学系统知识与实际相联系。

关键词：丁二烯，乙腈法，C4馏分，物料衡算

Abstract

Butadiene is an important organic raw materials based on petrochemicals and synthetic rubber monomer is a C4 fraction of one of the most important component in the oldfins petrochemical raw materials position second only to ethylene and propylene,Because of its molecular conjugated diene contains.you can replace the occurrence of ,addition,cyclization and polymerization reactions,etc.making synthetic rubber and in the area of organic synthesis with a wide range of uses,synthetic butadiene rubber(BR),styrene elastomer(SBR),acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber,styrene-butadiene-styrene elastomer(SBS),acrylonitrile-butadiene-sevrene(ABS)resin and other products,Coated with a very wide range.

Nowadays,the main source of butadiene,there are two,one is from a by-product of ethylene cracker mixed C4 fraction has been extracted,this method inexpensive anf economically dominant,is the world’s butadiene the main source.Another fraction from the refinery C4 dehyogenation,that the mothed only in the number of tbutane,butene few resorce-rich countries,The world ftom the pyrolysis of butadiene C4 fraction to extractive distillation extraction method mainly used in accordance with different production methods of solvent acetomitrile method main (ACN),the DMF method DMF)and N-Law methy1 pyrrolidone(NMP Law)3,is the major production methods.

Acetonitrile Act, which was first developed by the U.S. Shell, and industrial production in 1956. 10% of it water acetonitrile (ACN) as solvent, by extraction, flash, compression, high-pressure desorption, low-pressure processes such as desorption and solvent recovery unit. Currently, the method to the Italian SIR process and represented Japan JSR process. Dimethylformamide method, dimethylformamide method (DMF method), also known as GPB law, by the Japanese Zeon method of N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP Method) developed by the German company BASF, and industrial production in 1968 to build a 75,000 tons / year production plant. Company in 1965 industrial production, and the completion of a 45,000 tons / year production plant. N-methyl pyrrolidone method. Method of N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP method) developed by the German company BASF, and industrial production in 1968 to build a 75,000 tons / year production plant. Is currently the main production methods.

The combination of Jilin Chemical graduation organic synthesis plant using acetonitrile (CAN method) produce 140,000 tons of butadiene process, the data has been given by the material balance, heat horizontal count, equipment, heat exchangers and other computing and computing complete an annual output of 12,000 tons of butadiene distillation process design, and conduct process flow diagram, equipment layout, equipment, piping design and drawing maps, etc., will have learned the system of knowledge and practice.

Keywords: butadiene, acetonitrile, C4 fractions, material balance, extractive distillation