必修Ⅰ第一章第四节集训真题再现
Natural+Disasters+小题集训 高一上学期英语人教版(2019)必修第一册
unit4小题集训rescue1. A real friend is the one who comes _______ your rescue in your hour of need.2.The _______ team mad countless _______ during the earthquake.3.It was very difficult to _______ the drowning boy in the sea, but the _______ didn't give up any hope of _______ him from danger.4.Firefighters in China can absolutely be trusted. Whenwver we are in danger, _____________________________________________________________________ damage1.Several provinces of our country suffered from serious drought, which caused great _______ to the agriculture.2.David threatened to report his neighbour to the police if the _______ were not paid.3.Upon returning home, they were shocked to find that their house _______ due to the fallen trees.4.中央电视台记者正在采访一位房子在地震中严重受损的女性。
The CCTV reporter is interviewing the woman _______________________________. destroy1.The _______ of the world’s forests plays a part in global warming.2.Earthquakes are among the most _______ natural disasters. They can strike without warning.3.Looking through my newspaper, I’m shocked by photos showing that a hurricane in Asia _______ a town.3.Mr. Smith was caught in a rainstorm, and unfortunately (他的新车被彻底毁掉了) __________________________________________.4.The incident (毁掉了他的自信) _________________________________________.affect1.Most people present at the meeting were affected by his speech yesterday. _______2.It is important to pay your electricity bill on time, as late payment may affect your credit. _______lions of people in the world have been affected by the disease. _______ shelter1.Taking shelter _______ the heat under some trees, we enjoyed a delicious breakfast with the two natives.2.I was wrapped heavily and well sheltered _______ thr freezing and blowing weather.3.The rescue team _________(建造避难所) for local homeless women and children.ruin1.On 8 Novermber 2013, Super Typhoon Haiyan swept through the Philippines. All of a sudden, Tacloban City lay _______ ruins.2.The Sanxingdui _______ (ruin) belonged to the Shukingdom that existed at least 1800 years ago and lasted more than 2000 years.3.你如果想成功，就必须改掉这些坏习惯，否则他们会毁掉你的生活。
人教版高中英语必修一Unit4NaturalDisasters基础知识题库(带答案)
人教版高中英语必修一Unit4NaturalDisasters基础知识题库单选题1、Stores sell pet pants and bikinis, and doctors will perform cosmetic surgery ________your pet needs a facelift. A．in caseB．even thoughC．as ifD．ever since答案：A考查状语从句。
句意：商店出售宠物裤和比基尼，如果你的宠物需要整容，医生会给它做整容手术。
A. in case假如，如果；B. even though虽然，即使；C. as if犹如，好似；D. ever since从那时起。
根据句意，“your pet needs a facelift”是“doctors will perform cosmetic surgery”的条件，应用in case引导条件状语从句。
故选A项。
2、With much heat __________ from the sun, the panels __________ it into energy __________the building. A．capturing; dominate; poweredB．capturing; convert; poweredC．captured; dominate; poweringD．captured; convert; powering答案：D考查过去分词、现在分词和固定搭配。
句意：利用从太阳捕获的大量热量，电池板将其转化为能源，为建筑提供动力。
分析句子可知，第一空作宾补，表示与宾语heat之间的被动关系，所以应填其过去分词形式captured；第二空填谓语动词，句子描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，convert...into...为固定搭配，表示“将......转换为......”，符合语境，dominate“统治，支配”，不合语境；第三空填现在分词powering作后置定语，表示“提供动力”，修饰名词energy，表示与其逻辑主语energy之间的主动关系。
abfpgx人教版必修1一unit4知识梳理解析及随堂练习(含答案)
-+懒惰是很奇怪的东西，它使你以为那是安逸，是休息，是福气；但实际上它所给你的是无聊，是倦怠，是消沉;它剥夺你对前途的希望，割断你和别人之间的友情，使你心胸日渐狭窄，对人生也越来越怀疑。
—罗兰Book1 unit4一、fast reading Structure of the news report :1.Clue ( 线索) of the story: Time order: Before~during~after the earthquake找出每段的中心Para.1 Some strange things happened before the earthquake.Para.2 The world was at an end. The earthquake hit the city.Para.3 The damage of the city in the earthquakePara.4 The rescue to the city2.分段并概括Para.1 Strange things were happening before the earthquake, but no one took any notice of them.Part2-3.The earthquake destroyed the city of Tangshan and shockedthe people very much.part 4.The army came to help the survivors（生还者）,bringing hope for a new life.二、Careful reading1.What happened before the earthquake?Walls of the wells_had deep cracChickens and pigs_were too nervous to eatMice ran out of the fields looking for places to hideFish jumped out of bowls and pondsSound and lights_ were heard and seenWater pipes cracked and burst2.Fill in the blanksMain Idea Detailssigns before Earthquake Para.11.________ things were happening in the countryside in northeast Hebei.2.The water in the wells ____ and ______.3.A _______ gas came out of the cracks.4.The chickens and pigs were too ________to _____.5.Fish ________out of the bowls and ponds.6.Mice _____ out of the fields.7.At ______ am on July 28, 1976, people saw ________ _______ in the sky.Damage caused by earthquake Para. 2-31.At _____ am, the __________ earthquake of the 20th century began .2._______ burst from holes in the ground.3.Hard hills of the rock became rivers of ____.4.________ covered the ground like red autumn leaves.5. Two _______ and most of the bridges fell.6. The railway tracks were now _________pieces of _______.7.______ now filled the wells instead of water.8.Water,food,and ______________ were hard to get.3.Para. 2-3 Data(数据)1. of the nation felt the earthquake .2.A huge crack that was kilometres long and metres wide cut across houses.3.In terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins.4. of the people died or were injured during the earthquake.5.The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than .6.All of the city’s hospitals, _ of its factories and buildings and of its homes were gone.4.Fill in the blank with proper wordsThere was a big _______ in Tangshan in 1976. Before the earthquake, the water in the village wells ____ and fell. The animals were too ____ to eat. But the people didn’t know about it.At 3:42 am, everything began to shake. In fifteen terrible seconds, the large city lay in_____. More than _____ people were killed or injured.Then later that afternoon, _____big earthquake shook Tangshan . But all hope was not ____,because soldiers came to help those_______.1.答案：Strange;rose;fell;smelly;nervous;eat;jumped;ran;3:00;bright; lights2..答案：3:42；greatest；Steam；dirt；Bricks；dams；useless；steel；Sand；electricity3..答案：1/3；8；30；15；2/3；400,000；75%；90%4..答案：earthquake；rose；nervous；ruins；400,000；another；lost；survivors5.True ( T )or false( F ) statement :1. Two-thirds of the nation felt the earthquake. ( )2. All the people in Tangshan were dead or injured during the earthquake. ( )3.All of the city’s hospitals, factories, buildings and homes were damaged in the earthquake.( )4.After the second earthquake, everyone including the rescue workers and doctors were died( )5. Later that afternoon, a terrible earthquake shook Tangshan again. ( )6. People slept outdoors after the earthquake.( )6.Choose the best answer.(1)What is the mood of this passage?A.Sad.B.Serious.C.Serious and a bit sad.D.Calm(2)What can be inferred form the passage?A.If mice run out of the fields looking for places to hide,there must be an earthquake.B.If some natural signs had not been ignored,all the people in Tangshan city might have had a chance to survive.C.There wouldn't have been such a great earthquake,if people had paid enough atten-tion to some natural signs.D.If some natural signs had not been ignored,more people might have had a chance to survive.(3)Which of the following statements can not be part of the main reasons for the heavy loss of life in Tangshan earthquake?A.The earthquake happened in the deep night and people were sleeping in bed at the very movement.B.There weren't enough rescue workers.C.The buildings were poorly constructed and most of them were destroyed in the earth-quake.D.People were not careful enough to notice some natural signs before the earthquake.三.课文全解全析Language points1.Imagine your home begins to shake and you must leave it right away.假设你的家开始晃动,你必须立刻离开imagine:想象imagine doing sth. ; E.g.He often imagines flying in the sky.shake :摇动shake hands E.g.I felt the earth is shaking.right away=at once=in no time 立刻，马上 E.g.You must live right away.你应该马上离开2. For three days the water in the village wells rose and fell,rose and fell.三天来,村子的水井中的水位升升落落不停.@rise (rose,risen) vi.升起, 起身, 高耸, 增长, 上升n.上升, 增加, 上涨, 发生, 出现3rise against反抗They all rose against the king*rise和raise的区别：rise vi.指继续上升，常用于日，月，云，雾，烟，物价，温度，河水，潮水及人的职位等。
人教版高一英语必修1Unit4基础复习训练及答案
人教新课标高一英语必修1 Unit 4基础复习训练I. 根据下面各句句意以及所给单词的首字母，写出该单词的正确形式（每空一词）。
1. Don’t leave the lights on. It wastes e________.2. It was quite an e________ when a woman first became prime minister.3. The two men died when they were t________ in a burning building.4. We sent Mary our c________ when she passed her examination.5. We were caught in a thunderstorm, without anywhere to s________.6. The pipes had b________ and the house was under two feet of water.7. Finally, I’d like to e________ my sincere thanks t o all those who have helped today.8. He i________ his back in Tuesday’s game, and will be unable to play tomorrow.9. The 1987 hurricane was the worst natural d________ to hit the country for decades.10. I didn’t know anybody at the party, but the hostes s came to my r________ by introducing me toa few people.II. 用所给单词的正确形式填空。
高考英语一轮总复习必修第一册Unit4NaturalDisasters提能训练(含答案及范文)
高考英语一轮总复习必修第一册提能训练：Unit 4 Natural DisastersⅠ.阅读理解A(2024·浙江1月高考题) On September 7, 1991, the costliest hailstorm (雹暴) in Canadian history hit Calgary's southern suburbs. As a result, since 1996 a group of insurance companies have spent about $2 million per year on the Alberta Hail Suppression Project. Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones. But farmers in east-central Alberta—downwind of the hail project flights—worry that precious moisture (水分) is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding.Norman Stienwand, who farms in that area, has been addressing public meetings on this issue for years. “Basically, the provincial government is letti ng the insurance companies protect the Calgary-Edmonton urban area from hail，” Mr. Stienwand says, “but they're increasing drought risk as far east as Saskatchewan.”The Alberta hail project is managed by Terry Krauss, a cloud physicist who works for Weath er Modification Inc. of Fargo, North Dakota. “We affect only a very small percentage of the total moisture in the air, so we cannot be causing drought，” Dr. Krauss says. “In fact, we may be helping increase the moisture downwind by creating wetter ground.”One doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell, a research scientist who just retired from the University of Oklahoma. “In 1999, I personally saw significant tornadoes (龙卷风) form from a seeded storm cell in Kansas，” Dr. Doswell says. “Doe s cloud seeding create killer storms or reduce moisture downwind? No one really knows, of course, but the seeding goes on.”Given the degree of doubt, Mr. Stienwand suggests, “it would be wise to stop cloud seeding.” In practice, doubt has had the opposite effect. Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts, no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud-seeding companies. Hence, private climate engineering can proceed in relative legal safety.语篇导读：本文是一篇说明文。
人教版(2023) 必修 第一册Unit 4 Natural Disasters 练习 (含答案,
人教版（2023）必修第一册Unit 4 Natural Disasters 练习（含答案，3份打包）Unit 4 Natural Disasters Reading for Writing—2023-2024学年高一英语人教版（2023）必修第一册课时分层练【夯实基础】知识点1 名词的用法1.On March 8, the three-foot tall robot made its first _____ (deliver) to some lucky residents in Brisbane, Australia.2.Till the year 1957,the Golden Gate Bridge, at a _____ (long) of 2,737 metres, was the longest suspension bridge in the world.3.I think higher food prices are not always the result of limited _________ (supply).知识点2 介词的用法4.They encouraged him and aided him _________ his scientific studies.5.There was simply no cash ___________ hand to meet the cost of food.【提升能力】6.他的话让我们都大笑起来。
All of us _____ _____ _____ _____ by what he said.7.我们正在爬山,突然开始下雨了。
We_____ _____ the hill _____ _____ _____ to rain.8.他说只要他们不违反规则,他仍然会支持他们。
He said he would still support them, _____ _____ _____ they didn't break the rules.9.这场大雪有望在午夜结束,明天天气会放晴。
高一物理必修1(必修一)第一章习题训练.doc
1.甲、乙两名跳伞运动员，从静止在空中的直升机上先后跳下，在打开伞前的一段时间内，后跳的运动员乙看到甲的运动情况是（）A.向下匀速运动B.静止不动C.向下匀加速运动D.向下变加速运动2.关于质点，下列说法屮正确的是（）A.质点一定是体积和质量极小的物体B.因为质点没有大小，所以与几何小的点没有区别C.研究运动员在3 000米长跑比赛中运动的快慢时，该运动员町看成质点D.欣赏芭蕾舞表演者的精彩表演时，可以把芭蕾舞表演者看成质点4.某赛车手在一次野外训练屮，先利用地图计算出出发地和目的地的直线距离为9 km,从出发地到目的地用了5分钟，赛车上的里程表指示的里程数值增加了15 km,当他经过某路标吋，车内速度计指示的示数为150 km/h,那么可以确定的是（）A.在整个过程屮赛车手的平均速度是108 km/hB.在整个过程屮赛车手的平均速度是180 km/hC.在整个过程中赛车手的平均速率是108 km/hD.经过路标时的憐时速度是150 km/h5.2010年10月1 F1我国成功发射了“嫦娥二号”探月卫星，图2是火箭点火升空瞬间吋的照片，关于这一瞬间的火箭的速度和加速度的判断，下列说法正确的是（）A.火箭的速度很小，但加速度可能较大B.火箭的速度很大，加速度可能也很大C.火箭的速度很小，所以加速度也很小D.火箭的速度很大，但加速度一定很小6.关于物体的运动，下面说法可能的是（）A.加速度在减小，速度在增大B.加速度方向始终改变而速度不变C.加速度和速度大小都在变化，加速度最人时速度最小，速度最人时加速度最小D.加速度方向不变而速度方向变化7.一辆汽车沿平直公路以速度旳行驶了2/3的路程，接着又以速度血=20 km/h行驶完其余1/3的路程，如果汽车对全程的平均速度为28 km/h,那么汽车在前2/3路程上速度的大小是（）A. 25 km/hB. 34 km/hC. 35 km/hD. 38 km/h8.一质点沿直线％方向做加速运动，它离开。
精选外研版高中英语必修1：Unit 4 Section 4课时达标训练 Word版含答案
Ⅰ.Fast-readingSkim the text and answer the following questions.1．In which countries is the countryside changing?In_some_countries_in_western_Europe,_such_as_France,_Spain_and_Britain.2．Why do some villages remain?Because_people_from_the_cities_have_bought_a“second_home”_in_the_village.3．What are the problems?(1)Young people move to towns for a livelier life and for work.(2)People can't afford village house because citydwellers buy them up.(3)Farmers_sell_their_land_and_stop_farming.4．What will be resulted in by these problems?(1)Many villages in western Europe will have to fight to survive.(2)The_countryside_will_be_a_sadder_and_uglier_place.Ⅱ.Careful-reading(Ⅰ)Write down T (for true) or F (for false) according to the text.Some villages are disappearing, the reasons are：1．Young people from villages usually want to live somewhere livelier and they do not return.________2．The soil is too poor in the countryside.________3．The natural disaster completely damaged the villages.________4．People move to the cities to find work, as there are often very few jobs in the countryside.________答案：1～4 TFFT(Ⅱ)Choose the best answer according to the text.1．What's the best title of this passage?A．The Country Is ChangingB．Looking for JobsC．Villages — Ideal Places to LiveD．The Life of the Countryside and Town2．Why do some of the urban people choose to live in the villages?A．Because they want to live there at weekends.B．Because they can't afford to buy houses in the city.C．Because they were born in the countryside.D．Because they want the villages to remain.3．What's the attitude of the writer towards the problems of villages?A．Optimistic (乐观的)．B．Concerned (关心的)．C．Objective (客观的). D．Hopeless (无望的)．4．This passage is written ______．A．in persuading wordsB．by giving examplesC．by analyzing and concludingD．from the writer's personal feelings答案：1～4 ABBCⅠ.拼写单词1．Making small models requires manual (手的；手工的) skill.2．There was a lot of traffic (交通) on the roads this morning.3．I tried to contact (联系) him at his office, but he wasn't in.4．I grew up as part of a large household (家族；一家人)．5．I'd love to go on holiday but I can't afford (负担得起) the time.6．Every month the group meets so its members can exchange (交换) their views.Ⅱ.拓展词汇1．organization n．组织→ organize v．组织2．unemployed adj.失业的；没有工作的→ unemployment n．失业→ employ v．雇用→employment n．就业；工作；职业3．occupation n．职业→ occupational adj.职业的→ occupy v．雇用；占用4．professional adj.专业的→ profession n．专业；职业5．fascinating adj.迷人的；吸引人的→fascinate v．使着迷→fascination n．迷人；诱人6．survive v．幸存→ survival n．幸存→ survivor n．幸存者[巧记单词]派生词organization→organize＋-ationunemployed →un-＋employ＋-edoccupation →occupy＋-ationprofessional→profession＋-alfascinating →fascinate＋-ingⅢ.1．up_to now/so far/till now 到现在为止2．get away from 摆脱3．a number of/a great many 许多4．go up 上升5．pay back 偿还6．such as 例如7．make/earn a living 谋生8．earn/make money 赚钱1．[教材原句]But there are times when I need the peace and quiet of the countryside.但是有些时候我需要乡村的祥和宁静。
2020高考一轮复习：必修1 Unit 4 Earthquake 综合提升训练
2020高考一轮复习教材串讲必修1 Unit 4 Earthquake练习Ⅰ.阅读理解(2019北京朝阳二模)BOpen water swimmingI had only swum in open water a few times, and always in gentle lakes, so I wasn't prepared for how rough Lake Windermere appeared on a cold day. A swimmer told me the water felt colder than it had been measured, and that the water was a bit rough. But I, along with 10, 000 others, was about to complete the challenge.Most of the people taking part were doing a one-mile race, and 10 races were planned over the weekend. There seemed to be a mix of open-water enthusiasts alongside complete beginners-- which is precisely the aim of the swims, to get as many people as possible completing their own challenge. The oldest woman competing was 77, taking part in the two-mile race, alongside a man who last year had swum in every one-mile race.I had chosen the third one-mile race of the day. There were over 600 people in my race. We were taken through an acclimatization area, a children's paddling pool-sized part of the lake where we mov ed in to feel how cold the water was. “Not too bad” was everyone's thought! Then we headed out towards the middle of the lake.We'd been warned that the first 100 metres would be really rough. However, somewhere near the 750m mark I was still waiting for the calm; it felt more like swimming in the sea than a take. I tried to focus on my breathing and technique, and just keep going. As I approached the400m-to-go mark my lower right leg became painful. I recalled overhearing people talking about how they kept swimming through the pain, so I tried. But it didn't work. I began to feel the entire leg tight and painful. I didn’t want to stop, so I bent my fight knee and just kicked with the left leg.Finally I saw the finishing post, and I just concentrated on getting there—still one-legged. My finishing time was 38 minutes 25 seconds but that didn’t matter--the atmosphere was fantastic and everyone felt a sense of achievement, whatever their time. I'm hooked, and want to give it another go. I've already signed up for my next open-water swim.1. How did the author feel before the race?A. Scared of the most challenging race.B. Disappointed by the difficult conditions.C. Concerned about the other swimmers in the race.D. Determined to be as tough as the people around her.2. Why does the author mention the two people in Paragraph 2?A. To stress the importance of the race.B. To praise the experienced swimmers.C. To show the wide range of the participants.D. To introduce the various events of the race.3. The author suggests in Paragraph 4 that ________.A. the race would cause breathing problemsB. the race became harder than she had expectedC. it was really necessary to prepare for tough swimsD. it would have been easier if she had taken others’ advice4. What does the author talk about in the last paragraph?A. Her confidence in her own ability.B. Her pride in having swum so quickly.C. Her eagerness to repeat the experience.D. Her surprise at having managed to finish.CThe Alexander techniqueUntil earlier this year, I didn't know anything about the Alexander technique--and saw no reason to think I should. One day, the backache I regularly suffered was more painful. I was brought up to think that the preferred way of dealing with aches is to do nothing and hope they'll go away, but I eventually went to the doctor. After examining me, he said, “You actually have bad posture(姿势). Go off and learn the Alexander technique. ”Three months later I could walk straighter and sit better.The Alexander technique is a way of learning how you can get rid of harmful tension in your body. The teaching focuses on the neck, head and back. It trains you to use your body less severely and carry out the movements that we do all the time with less effort. There is little effort in thelessons themselves, which sets apart the Alexander technique from yoga or pilates, which are exercise-based. A typical lesson involves standing in front of a chair and learning to sit and stand with minimum effort. You spend some time lying on a bench with your knees bent to straighten the spine (脊椎) and relax your body while the teacher moves your arms and legs to train you to move them correctly.The technique helps to break the bad habits accumulated over years. Try folding your arms the opposite way to normal. This is an example of a habit the body has formed which can be hard to break. Many of us carry our heads too far back. The head weighs four to six kilos, so any inappropriate posture can cause problems for the body. The technique teaches you to let go of the muscles holding the head back, allowing it to go back to its natural place on the top of our spines.So who was Alexander and how did he come up with the technique? Frederick Alexander, an Australian actor born in 1869, found in his youth that he had vocal(声音的) problems during performances. He analyzed himself and realized his posture was bad. He worked on improving it, with excellent results. He brought his technique to London and opened a teacher-training school, which is still successful today.So if you’re walking along the road one day with shoulders bent forward, feeling weighed down by your troubles, give a thought to the Alexander technique. It will help you walk tall again.5. What does the author suggest in Paragraph 1?A. She felt no better after the treatment.B. She got bored with the Alexander technique.C. She was sceptical about the doctor's method.D. She was unwilling to seek treatment for her backache.6. What is the principle of the Alexander technique?A. Physical ten sion shouldn’t be completely relieved.B. The technique shouldn’t be combined with other exercises.C. The practice of the technique shouldn’t be attempted alone.D. Familiar physical actions shouldn’t be done with much effort.7. What can we learn about Frederick Alexander?A. He managed to recover his vocal powers.B. He was eager to make a name for himself.C. He developed a form of exercise for actors.D. He had to leave home to develop his technique.8. What is the main idea of the passage?A. The occurrence of back pain is widespread.B. Alexander improved the technique to treat body pain.C. The Alexander technique helps overcome posture problems.D. People with back pain are victims of inappropriate postures.Ⅱ.七选五How to Motivate Teens to ReadWith lots of studies showing the benefits of reading,how can teachers motivate their students to open a good book or power up their e-reader?Lead by ExampleRequire students to spend at least 20 minutes in independent reading every day.By taking part in this regular activity themselves,teachers show that they consider reading very important.1.Freedom to Choose2.For those who forget their books,provide them with access to novels,magazines or newspapers during required reading time.Consider allowing students to use their personale-readers.Share Your ExcitementTeachers’ excitement for a particular book may have a huge influence on their students.3. Then when it comes for them to choose a new book,suggest your favorite.Visit the LibraryMake time to visit the school library and require students to borrow at least one book of interest.4.By doing so,they can make sure the book fits their interests.Stay InformedTeachers can help motivate students by finding out the latest popular young adult reading matter,such as The Hunger Games by Suzanne Collins and the Uglies by Scott Westerfeld.With varied activities competing for students’ time and attention,it can be difficult to encourage youngsters to read.5.Teachers who make independent reading a daily part of the classroom experience and findcreative ways to motivate their students may be on the way to writing a story of success.A.They can read books in silence.B.Give students a taste of what the book is about.C.There is science fiction that they are interested in.D.Encourage them to spend some time reading the book before borrowing.E.However,there is little doubt that reading can help with students’ studies.F.Therefore,they always find time to read even though they are terribly busy.G.Allow students to pick their own literature,as long as it is suitable for school reading.Ⅲ.应用文写作假定你是李华,你的英国朋友Peter非常关心你的高考备考情况,因此,他来信向你询问相关情况。
人教版(2019)必修一Unit 4基础练习
人教版（2019）必修一Unit4基础练习一、单选题(共5题；共10分)1．（2分）He often talked about the artists and paintings__________impressed him greatly.A．which B．who C．that D．不填2．（2分）The writer said something________we should remember forever.A．which B．that C．what D．how3．（2分）Is oxygen the only gas________helps fire burn?A．that B．/C．which D．it4．（2分）When people talk about the cities of the UK,the first________comes into mind is London. A．which B．what C．that D．when5．（2分）The reason________he offered to explain his being late was incredible.A．that B．why C．where D．what二、基础填空练习(共7题；共7分)6．（1分）Skilled readers make use of c and prediction.7．（1分）The plate had a c in it.8．（1分）The air was so cold we could hardly b.9．（1分）At l my father went into the house.10．（1分）Illegal hunting is threatening the(survive)of the species.11．（1分）You can expect the(deliver)of food in a week to ten days.12．（1分）When the runners got to the finishing line,all of them were quite out of(breathe).三、任务型阅读(共5题；共5分)（5分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
高考英语一轮复习人教必修1Unit4Earthquakes练题含解析新人教版必修
Earthquakes一、阅读理解。
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
(2018·湖南省部分重点中学高考考前演练)WELCOME TO THE RONALD REAGANPRESIDENTIAL LIBRARY AND MUSEUMVisit the limited-time “Interactive！The Exhibition” at the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library and Museum and save more than 30% on museum admission ticketswith an audio tour.WHENThrough Feb.28,2017WHAT'S INCLUDED$19(reg.$28)．..Admission for one person to the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library and Museum，including “Interactive！The Exhibition” with an audio tour.Please note：the virtual reality(虚拟现实) experience will be an additional cost and participants must be 10 years old or above.WHY WE LOVE IT·The exhibition is a hands-on experience focusing on movies，TV，music and the arts·Experience virtual reality,1980s v ideo games，robots,3D printing·Climb aboard Air Force One，view the expensive comfortable presidential car and a Marine One helicopter.·Explore Reagan's legacy(遗产)：Step into an Oval Office copy and see a pieceof the Berlin Wall·The audio tour has more t han 50 stops and original material not copied in theexhibitsWHAT YOU NEED TO KNOWThis is a season-specific event.All sales are final.No refunds(退款)or exchanges.Not valid after the expiration date.Valid any regular museum operating day through Feb.28,2017.Museum hours are 10 a．m.-5 p．m.，seven days a week.Valid forone person.Cannot combine with other offers.Must use in one visit.Tickets includeadmission to “Interactive！The Exhibition” and the entire museum's galleries and grounds.1．What can visitors do while visiting the library and museum?A．Fly on Air Force One.B．Experience virtual reality for free.C．Approach technology of different times.D．Learn about the president's daily routine.2．What does the author say about the admission ticket?A．It can be enjoyed with other offers.B．It allows limitless visits to the museum.C．It isn't accessible to children.D．It cannot be changed once sold.3．What type of writing is this passage?A．A notice. B．An official report.C．An advertisement. D．A tour review.【解题导语】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了罗纳德·里根总统图书馆和博物馆的开放时间、游览内容、票价优惠等信息。
成都西川中学必修一第一单元《集合》检测卷(含答案解析)
一、选择题1．已知集合{}11M x Z x =∈-≤≤，{}Z (2)0N x x x =∈-≤，则如图所示的韦恩图中的阴影部分所表示的集合为（ ）A ．{}0,1B ．{}1,2-C ．{}1,0,1-D ．1,0,1,22．设集合A={2，1-a ，a 2-a +2}，若4∈A ，则a =（ ）A ．-3或-1或2B ．-3或-1C ．-3或2D ．-1或23．若{}|28A x Z x =∈≤<，{}5|log 1B x R x =∈<，则R A C B ⋂的元素个数为（ ） A ．0B ．1C ．2D ．34．设集合{,}A a b =,{}220,,B a b =-,若A B ⊆,则⋅=a b （ ）A ．-1B ．1C ．-1或1D ．05．已知全集U =R ，集合{|23}M x x =-≤≤，{|24}N x x x =<->或，那么集合()()C C U U M N ⋂等于（ ）A ．{|34}x x <≤B ．{|34}x x x ≤≥或C ．{|34}x x ≤<D ．{|13}x x -≤≤6．已知集合{}2|230A x x x =--≤，集合{}||1|3B x x =-≤，集合4|05x C x x -⎧⎫=≤⎨⎬+⎩⎭，则集合A ，B ，C 的关系为（ ）A ．B A ⊆B ．A B =C ．C B ⊆D ．A C ⊆7．已知集合{}2|230A x x x =--<，集合{}1|21x B x +=>，则C B A =（ ）A ．[3,)+∞B ．(3,)+∞C ．(,1][3,)-∞-⋃+∞D ．(,1)(3,)-∞-+∞8．已知集合{}1A x x =>，{}1B x x =≥，则（ ） A ．A ⊆BB ．B ⊆AC ．A∩B=φD ．A ∪B=R9．设{}|22A x x =-≥，{}|1B x x a =-<，若A B =∅，则a 的取值范围为（ ）A ．1a <B ．01a <≤C ．1a ≤D ．03a <≤10．已知全集U =R ，集合(){}{}20,1A x x x B x x =+<=≤，则图中阴影部分表示的集合是（ ）A ．()2,1-B ．[][)1,01,2-C ．()[]2,10,1--D ．0,111．已知集合{}{}21239A B x x ==<，，，，则A B =（ ）A ．{}210123--，，，，，B ．{}21012--，，，， C ．{}123，， D ．{}12， 12．已知集合{0,1,2,3,4},{|21,}A B x x n n A ===+∈，则AB 等于（ ）A ．{}1,3,5B ．{}3C ．{}5,7,9D ．{}1,3二、填空题13．设P 为非空实数集满足：对任意给定的x y P ∈、（x y 、可以相同），都有x y P +∈，x y P -∈，xy P ∈，则称P 为幸运集.①集合{2,1,0,1,2}P =--为幸运集；②集合{|2,}P x x n n ==∈Z 为幸运集； ③若集合1P 、2P 为幸运集，则12PP 为幸运集；④若集合P 为幸运集，则一定有0P ∈；其中正确结论的序号是________ 14．已知集合2|05x A x x -⎧⎫=<⎨⎬+⎩⎭,{}2230,B x x x x R =--≥∈,则A B =_________. 15．在①AB A =，②A B ⋂≠∅，③R BC A ⊆这三个条件中任选一个，补充在下面问题中，若问题中的实数a 存在，求a 的取值范围；若不存在，说明理由.问题：已知集合{}20,,log (1)1,1x a A xx R B x x x R x -⎧⎫=<∈=-≤∈⎨⎬+⎩⎭∣∣，是否存在实数a ，使得___________？16．已知{|14}A x x =-≤≤，{|}B x x a =<，若A B =∅，则a 的取值范围是__________17．已知点H 是正三角形ABC 内部一点，HAB ∆，HBC ∆，HCA ∆的面积值构成一个集合M ，若M 的子集有且只有4个，则点H 需满足的条件为________. 18．设集合22{2,3,1},{,2,1}M a N a a a =+=++-且{}2MN =,则a 值是_________.19．若集合{}2210,A x ax x a R =++=∈至多有一个元素，则a 的取值范围是___________．20．设集合A 、B 是实数集R 的子集，[2,0]AB =-R，[1,2]BA =R，()()[3,5]A B =R R ，则A =________三、解答题21．已知集合{}43A x x =-≤≤，集合{}121B x m x m =-≤≤+. （1）若B A ⊆，求实数m 的取值范围；（2）若不存在实数x 使x A ∈，x B ∈同时成立，求实数m 的取值范围.22．已知集合{}|13A x x =-<<，集合(){}2|25250B x x k x k =+--<，k ∈R .（1）若1k =时，求B R，A B ；（2）若“x A ∈”是“x B ∈”的充分不必要条件，求实数k 的取值范围. 23．在①A ∩B =A ，②A ∩(R B )=A ，③A ∩B =∅ 这三个条件中任选一个，补充到下面的问题中，求解下列问题：已知集合{|123}A x a x a =-<<+，{}2|280B x x x =--≤. （1）当2a =时，求A ∪B ； （2）若______，求实数a 的取值范围.注：如果选择多个条件分别解答按第一个解答计分.24．设集合(){lg 1A x y x ==-，{}230B x x x a =-+=.（1）若2a =时，求AB ；（2）若A B A ⋃=，求a 的取值范围.25．已知全集为实数集R ，集合2{|},{|log 1}A x y y R B x x =∈=>.（1）求AB ；（2）设1a >，集合{|1},()R C x x a D C B A =<<=，若C D ⊆，求a 的取值范围.26．已知集合11{|216}8x A x +=≤≤，{|131}B x m x m =+≤≤-. （1）求集合A ； （2）若AB B =，求实数m 的取值范围.【参考答案】***试卷处理标记，请不要删除一、选择题 1．B 解析：B 【分析】阴影部分可以用集合M N 、表示为()()M N C M N ⋃⋂，故求出M N 、、M N ⋃，M N ⋂即可解决问题．【详解】解：由题意得，{}1,0,1M =-，{}0,1,2N ={}1,0,1,2M N ⋃=-，{}0,1M N ⋂=阴影部分为()(){}1,2M N C M N ⋃⋂=-故选B 【点睛】本题考查用韦恩图表示的集合的运算，解题时要能用集合的运算表示出阴影部分．2．C解析：C 【解析】若1−a =4，则a =−3，∴a 2−a +2=14，∴A ={2,4,14}； 若a 2−a +2=4，则a =2或a =−1，检验集合元素的互异性： a =2时，1−a =−1，∴A ={2,−1,4}； a =−1时,1−a =2(舍)， 本题选择C 选项.3．D解析：D 【分析】化简集合A 、B ，根据补集与交集的定义写出RA B ，即可得出结论．【详解】集合{|28}{2A x Z x =∈<=，3，4，5，6，7}，51{||log |1}{|5}5B x R x x R x =∈<=∈<<，1{|5R B x R x ∴=∈或5}x ， {5RAB ∴=，6，7}．∴其中元素个数为3个．故选：D ． 【点睛】本题考查了集合的化简与运算问题，是基础题．4．A解析：A 【分析】由集合的包含关系得,a b 的方程组，求解即可 【详解】A B ⊆，由集合元素互异性得0,0,a b a b ≠≠≠ 则22a a b b ⎧=⎨=-⎩ 或22b a a b⎧=⎨=-⎩解得11a b =⎧⎨=-⎩或11b a =⎧⎨=-⎩故选： A 【点睛】本题考查集合的包含关系，考查元素的互异性，是基础题5．A解析：A 【分析】先分别求出C ,C U U M N ，再求()()C C U U M N ⋂即可 【详解】∵C {|}23U M x x x =<>-或，C {|24}U N x x =-≤≤， ∴()()C C {|34}U U M N x x ⋂=<≤． 故选:A ． 【点睛】本题考查交集与补集的混合运算，属于中档题6．D解析：D 【分析】根据一元二次不等式的解法可求出集合A ，根据绝对值不等式的解法可求出集合B ，根据分式不等式的解法可求出集合C ，从而可得出集合A ，B ，C 间的关系. 【详解】解：由于{}{{}2|23013A x x x x x =--≤=-≤≤，{}{}|1324B x x x x =-≤=-≤≤， {}4|0545x C x x x x -⎧⎫=≤=-<≤⎨⎬+⎩⎭，可知，A C ⊆. 故选：D. 【点睛】本题考查一元二次不等式、绝对值不等式和分式不等式的解法，以及集合间的关系，考查计算能力.7．A解析：A 【分析】首先解得集合A ，B ，再根据补集的定义求解即可. 【详解】 解：{}2|230{|13}A x x x x x =--<=-<<，{}1|21{|1}x B x x x +=>=>-，{}C |3[3,)B A x x ∴=≥=+∞，故选A ．【点睛】本题考查一元二次不等式的解法，指数不等式的解法以及补集的运算，属于基础题.8．A解析：A 【分析】根据数轴判断两集合之间包含关系. 【详解】因为{}1A x x =>，{}1B x x =≥，所以A ⊆B ，选A. 【点睛】本题考查集合之间包含关系，考查基本判断分析能力.9．C解析：C 【分析】解集绝对值不等式求得,A B ，结合A B =∅求得a 的取值范围.【详解】由22x -≥得22x -≤-或22x -≥，解得0x ≤或4x ≥，所以(][),04,A =-∞⋃+∞， 由1x a -<得1a x a -<-<，解得11a x a -<<+，所以()1,1B a a =-+. 当0a ≤时，B =∅，AB =∅，符合题意.当0a >时，由于A B =∅，所以1014a a -≥⎧⎨+≤⎩，解得01a <≤.综上所述，a 的取值范围是1a ≤. 故选：C 【点睛】本小题主要考查绝对值不等式的解法，考查根据交集的结果求参数的取值范围.10．C解析：C 【分析】由集合描述求集合,A B ，结合韦恩图知阴影部分为()()U C A B A B ⋂⋂⋃，分别求出()U C A B 、()A B ⋃，然后求交集即可.【详解】(){}20{|20}A x x x x x =+<=-<<，{}1{|11}B x x x x =≤=-≤≤，由图知：阴影部分为()()U C A B A B ⋂⋂⋃，而{|10}A B x x ⋂=-≤<，{|21}A B x x ⋃=-<≤，∴(){|1U C A B x x ⋂=<-或0}x ≥，即()(){|21U C A B A B x x ⋂⋂⋃=-<<-或01}x ≤≤，故选：C 【点睛】本题考查了集合的基本运算，结合韦恩图得到阴影部分的表达式，应用集合的交并补混合运算求集合.11．D解析：D 【解析】 【分析】先求出集合B ，然后与集合A 取交集即可. 【详解】由题意，{}{}2933B x x x x =<=-<<，则{}1,2A B =.故答案为D. 【点睛】本题考查了集合的交集，考查了不等式的解法，考查了学生的计算能力，属于基础题.12．D解析：D 【分析】首先求得集合B ，然后进行交集运算即可. 【详解】由题意可得：{}1,3,5,7,9B =，则{}1,3A B =.故选D . 【点睛】本题主要考查集合的表示方法，交集的定义与运算等知识，意在考查学生的转化能力和计算求解能力.二、填空题13．②④【分析】①取判断；②设判断；③举例判断；④由可以相同判断；【详解】①当所以集合P 不是幸运集故错误；②设则所以集合P 是幸运集故正确；③如集合为幸运集但不为幸运集如时故错误；④因为集合为幸运集则当时解析：②④ 【分析】①取2x y ==判断；②设122,2x k P y k P =∈=∈判断；③举例12{|2,},{|3,}P x x k k Z P x x k k Z ==∈==∈判断；④由x y 、可以相同判断； 【详解】①当2x y ==，4x y P +=∉，所以集合P 不是幸运集，故错误；②设122,2x k P y k P =∈=∈，则()()1212122,2,2x y k k A x y k k A xy k k A +=+∈-=-∈=⋅∈，所以集合P 是幸运集，故正确；③如集合12{|2,},{|3,}P x x k k Z P x x k k Z ==∈==∈为幸运集，但12P P 不为幸运集，如2,3x y ==时，125x y P P +=∉⋃，故错误；④因为集合P 为幸运集，则x y P -∈，当x y =时，0x y -=，一定有0P ∈，故正确； 故答案为：②④ 【点睛】关键点点睛：读懂新定义的含义，结合“给定的x y P ∈、（x y 、可以相同），都有x y P +∈，x y P -∈，xy P ∈”，灵活运用举例法.14．【分析】分别根据分式不等式和一元二次不等式的解法求出集合和再根据交集的定义求出【详解】∵集合∴故答案为【点睛】本题考查集合的交集的运算解题时要认真审题注意分式不等式和一元二次不等式的合理运用是基础题解析：(]5,1--. 【分析】分别根据分式不等式和一元二次不等式的解法求出集合A 和B ，再根据交集的定义求出A B ⋂.【详解】 ∵集合2{|0}{|52}5x A x x x x -=<=-<<+， 2{|230}{|13}B x x x x R x x x =--≥∈=≤-≥，或，∴{|51}A B x x ⋂=-<≤-，故答案为(]5,1--． 【点睛】本题考查集合的交集的运算，解题时要认真审题，注意分式不等式和一元二次不等式的合理运用，是基础题.15．答案见解析【分析】求得集合化简集合分三种情况讨论得到集合；再分别得若选择①若选择②若选择③时实数a 的取值范围【详解】当时；当时；当时若选择①则当时要使则所以当时满足题意当时不满足题意所以选择①则实数解析：答案见解析 【分析】求得集合[1,1)B =-，化简集合{()(1)0,}A xx a x x R =-+<∈∣，分1a >-，1a =-，1a <-三种情况讨论得到集合A ；再分别得若选择①，若选择②，若选择③时，实数a的取值范围. 【详解】{}2log (1)1,R [1,1)B x x x =-≤∈=-∣，0,{()(1)0,}1x a A x x R x x a x x R x -⎧⎫=<∈=-+<∈⎨⎬+⎩⎭∣∣，当1a >-时，(1,)A a =-； 当1a =-时，A =∅； 当1a <-时，(,1)A a =- 若选择①AB A =，则A B ⊆，当1a >-时，要使(1,)[1,1)a -⊆-，则1a ≤，所以11a -<≤ 当1a =-时，A =∅，满足题意 当1a <-时，(,1)A a =-不满足题意 所以选择①，则实数a 的取值范围是[-1,1] 若选择②A B ⋂≠∅，当1a >-时，(1,),[1,1)A a B =-=-，满足题意； 当1a =-时，A =∅，不满足题意；当1a <-时，(,1),[1,1)A a B =-=-，不满足题意 所以选择②，则实数a 的取值范围是(1,)-+∞. 若选择③RB A ⊆，当1a >-时，(1,),(,1][,)RA a A a =-=-∞-⋃+∞，而[1,1)B =-，不满足题意当1a =-时，,R RA A =∅=，而[1,1)B =-，满足题意当1a <-时，(,1),(,][1,)RA a A a =-=-∞⋃-+∞，而[1,1)B =-，满足题意.所以选择③，则实数a 的取值范围是(,1]-∞-，综上得：若选择①，则实数a 的取值范围是[-1,1]；若选择②，则实数a 的取值范围是(1,)-+∞；若选择③，则实数a 的取值范围是(,1]-∞-.【点睛】本题考查集合间的包含关系，集合间的运算，属于中档题.16．【分析】根据集合所以集合没有公共元素列出两个集合的端点满足的不等关系结合数轴可以得出的范围得到结果【详解】集合由借助于数轴如图所示可得故答案为：【点睛】该题主要考查集合中参数的取值范围的问题两个集合解析：(,1]-∞-. 【分析】根据集合{|14}A x x =-≤≤，{|}B x x a =<，A B φ⋂=，所以集合,A B 没有公共元素，列出两个集合的端点满足的不等关系，结合数轴可以得出a 的范围，得到结果. 【详解】集合{|14}A x x =-≤≤，{|}B x x a =<， 由A B φ⋂=，借助于数轴，如图所示，可得1a ≤-， 故答案为：(,1]-∞-. 【点睛】该题主要考查集合中参数的取值范围的问题，两个集合的关系，属于中档题目.17．在的三条高上且不为重心【分析】由题意知若集合的子集只有个则集合有个元素可得出三个三角形的面积有两个相等分析点的位置即可得出结论【详解】若集合的子集只有个则集合有个元素是等边内部一点三个三角形的面积值解析：H 在ABC ∆的三条高上且H 不为ABC ∆重心 【分析】由题意知，若集合M 的子集只有4个，则集合M 有2个元素，可得出HAB ∆，HBC ∆，HCA ∆三个三角形的面积有两个相等，分析点H 的位置，即可得出结论. 【详解】若集合M 的子集只有4个，则集合M 有2个元素，M 是等边ABC ∆内部一点， HAB ∆，HBC ∆，HCA ∆三个三角形的面积值构成集合M ， 故HAB ∆，HBC ∆，HCA ∆三个三角形的面积有且只有两个相等.若HAB ∆，HBC ∆的面积相等，则点H 在边AC 的高上且不为ABC ∆的重心； 若HBC ∆，HCA ∆的面积相等，则点H 在边AB 的高上且不为ABC ∆的重心； 若HAB ∆，HCA ∆的面积相等，则点H 在边BC 的高上且不为ABC ∆的重心. 综上所述，点H 在等边ABC ∆的三条高上且不为ABC ∆的重心. 故答案为：H 在ABC ∆的三条高上且H 不为ABC ∆重心 【点睛】本题考查子集的个数与元素个数之间的关系，根据已知条件得出集合元素的个数是解题的关键，考查推理能力，属于中等题.18．-2或0【分析】由可得即可得到或分别求解可求出答案【详解】由题意①若解得或当时集合中不符合集合的互异性舍去;当时符合题意②若解得符合题意综上的值是-2或0故答案为:-2或0【点睛】本题考查了交集的性解析：-2或0 【分析】 由{}2MN =,可得{}2N ⊆,即可得到22a a +=或22a +=,分别求解可求出答案.【详解】 由题意,{}2N ⊆,①若22a a +=,解得1a =或2a =-,当1a =时,集合M 中,212a +=,不符合集合的互异性,舍去;当2a =-时,{2,3,5},{2,0,1}M N ==-,符合题意.②若22a +=,解得0a =,{2,3,1},{0,2,1}M N ==-,符合题意.综上,a 的值是-2或0.故答案为:-2或0.【点睛】本题考查了交集的性质,考查了集合概念的理解,属于基础题.19．或【分析】根据讨论方程解的情况即得结果【详解】时满足题意；时要满足题意需综上的取值范围是或故答案为：或【点睛】本题考查根据集合元素个数求参数考查基本分析求解能力属中档题 解析：{0a a =或}1a ≥【分析】根据a 讨论2210ax x ++=方程解的情况，即得结果【详解】 0a =时，21212102ax x x x ++=+=∴=-，12A ⎧⎫=-⎨⎬⎩⎭满足题意； 0a ≠时，要满足题意，需4401a a ∆=-≤∴≥综上a 的取值范围是{0a a =或}1a ≥ 故答案为：{0a a =或}1a ≥【点睛】本题考查根据集合元素个数求参数，考查基本分析求解能力，属中档题. 20．【分析】根据条件可得结合的意义可得集合【详解】因为集合是实数集的子集若则但不满足所以因为所以所以有又因为表示集合的元素去掉集合中的元素表示A 集合和B 集合中的所有元素所以把中的元素去掉中元素即为所求的 解析：(,1)(2,3)(5,)-∞+∞【分析】根据条件()()[3,5]A B =R R 可得()(),35,A B =-∞+∞，结合[1,2]B A =R 的意义，可得集合A .【详解】因为集合A 、B 是实数集R 的子集，若A B =∅,则[2,0]A B A =-=R ，[1,2]BA B ==R ，但不满足()()[3,5]A B =R R ，所以A B ⋂≠∅. 因为()()[3,5]A B =R R ,所以()()()[3,5]AB A B ==R R R ，所以有()(),35,A B =-∞+∞.又因为[1,2]B A =R 表示集合B 的元素去掉集合A 中的元素，()(),35,A B =-∞+∞表示A 集合和B 集合中的所有元素，所以把()(),35,A B =-∞+∞中的元素去掉[1,2]B A =R 中元素，即为所求的集合A ，所以(,1)(2,3)(5,)A =-∞+∞.故答案为(,1)(2,3)(5,)-∞+∞.【点睛】 本题主要考查集合的运算，根据集合的运算性质可求也可借助数轴或者韦恩图求解，侧重考查逻辑推理的核心素养.三、解答题21．（1）1m ；（2）2m <-或4m >.【分析】（1）分B =∅和B ≠∅两种情况讨论，结合B A ⊆可得出关于实数m 的不等式组，由此可解得实数m 的取值范围；（2）由题意可得AB =∅，分B =∅和B ≠∅两种情况讨论，结合已知条件可得出关于实数m 的不等式组，由此可解得实数m 的取值范围.【详解】（1）当121m m ->+，即2m <-时，B A =∅⊆，故2m <-符合题意； 当B ≠∅且B A ⊆时，有12114213m m m m -≤+⎧⎪-≥-⎨⎪+≤⎩，解得21m -≤≤.综上可知，m 的取值范围是1m ；（2）因为不存在实数x 使得x A ∈且x B ∈，所以AB =∅.当B =∅时，有2m <-； 当B ≠∅且A B =∅时，有12113m m m -≤+⎧⎨->⎩或121214m m m -≤+⎧⎨+<-⎩，解得4m >. 故实数m 的取值范围是2m <-或4m >.【点睛】易错点点睛：在利用集合的包含关系以及集合运算求参数时，不能忽略对含参数的集合为空集的情况的讨论，从而导致解题不完整.22．（1）[)5,1,2⎛⎤-∞-⋃+∞ ⎥⎝⎦，5,32⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭；（2）[)3,+∞. 【分析】（1）若1k =，化简集合B ，利用补集和并集的定义进行计算可得答案；（2）“x A ∈”是“x B ∈”的充分不必要条件，则集合A 是集合B 的真子集，分52k <-，52k =-和52k >-分别求出集合B ，列出不等式可得实数k 的取值范围． 【详解】（1）若1k =，{}25|2350|12B x x x x x ⎧⎫=+-<=-<<⎨⎬⎩⎭则R B =[)5,1,2⎛⎤-∞-⋃+∞ ⎥⎝⎦，A B =5,32⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭； （2）“x A ∈”是“x B ∈”的充分不必要条件，则集合A 是集合B 的真子集，(){}()(){}2|25250|250B x x k x k x x k x =+--<=-+< 当52k <-时，5,2B k ⎛⎫=- ⎪⎝⎭，不合题意； 当52k =-时，B φ=，不合题意； 当52k >-时，5,2B k ⎛⎫=- ⎪⎝⎭，只需3k ≥； 综上可得：实数k 的取值范围是[)3,+∞．【点睛】结论点睛：本题考查集合的交并补运算，考查充分不必要条件的应用，一般可根据如下规则判断：（1）若p 是q 的必要不充分条件，则q 对应集合是p 对应集合的真子集；（2）p 是q 的充分不必要条件， 则p 对应集合是q 对应集合的真子集；（3）p 是q 的充分必要条件，则p 对应集合与q 对应集合相等；（4）p 是q 的既不充分又不必要条件， q 对的集合与p 对应集合互不包含．23．（1）A ∪B ={}|27x x -≤＜；（2）答案见解析.【分析】（1）先化简集合,A B ,再求A ∪B ；（2）对集合A 分空集和非空集两种情况讨论，列不等式组即得解.【详解】（1）2a =时，集合{|17}A x x =<<，{|24}B x x =-≤≤，A ∪B ={}|27x x -≤＜（2）若选择①A ∩B =A ，则A B ⊆，当123a a -≥+，即4a ≤-时，A =∅，满足题意；当4a >-时，应满足12234a a -≥-⎧⎨+≤⎩，解得:112a -≤≤； 综上知，实数a 的取值范围是(-∞，-4]∪112⎡⎤-⎢⎥⎣⎦，.若选择②A ∩(R B )=A ，则A 是R B 的子集，R B =(-∞，-2)∪(4，+∞)，当123a a -≥+，即4a ≤-时，A =∅，满足题意；当4a >-时，4232a a >-⎧⎨+≤-⎩或414a a >-⎧⎨-≥⎩解得：-4＜a ≤52-或a ≥5， 综合得：a 的取值范围是：(-∞，5 2-]∪[5，+ ∞) 若选择③A ∩B =∅，则当123a a -≥+，即4a ≤-时，A =∅，满足题意；当4a >-时，应满足4232a a >-⎧⎨+≤-⎩或414a a >-⎧⎨-≥⎩解得：-4＜a ≤52-或a ≥5 综上知，实数a 的取值范围是：(-∞，5 2-]∪[5，+∞). 【点睛】易错点点睛：本题容易忽略集合A 是空集的情况，导致出错.空集是任何集合的子集，是任何非空集合的真子集.解答集合的关系和运算问题时，不要忽略了空集这种情况. 24．（1）{}2；（2）()2,+∞【分析】(1)先求出A ，代入2a =，求出集合B ，然后直接求出A B ⋂即可.(2)由题意得，A B A ⋃=，可得B A ⊆，然后分类讨论：①当B =∅；②当B ≠∅；然后直接【详解】（1）由题意得(){{}lg 11A x y x x x ==--=>，因为a=2，所以{}{}2301,2B x x x a =-+== 则{}2A B ⋂=（2）因为A B A ⋃=，所以B A ⊆①当B =∅时，由题意得9-4a ＜0.解得94a >； ②当B ≠∅时，由题意得94011a ⎧⎪-≥>> 解得924a <≤. 综上，a 的取值范围为()2,+∞.【点睛】本题考查含参集合的交集和并集运算，难点在于不要遗漏空集情况的考虑，属于难题. 25．（1）{|23}x x <≤； （2）(1,3].【分析】（1）可求出13{|}A x x =≤≤，{|2}Bx x ，进行交集的运算，即可求解； （2）进行并集、并集的运算求出集合D ，根据C D ⊆，且{|1}C x x a =<<，即可求得实数a 的取值范围.【详解】（1）由1030x x -≥⎧⎨-≥⎩，解得13x ≤≤，即集合13{|}A x x =≤≤， 集合2{|log 1}{|2}B x x x x =>=>，所以{|23}A B x x ⋂=<≤. （2）由（1）可得{|2}R C B x x =≤，所以(){|3}R D C B A x x ==≤， 因为C D ⊆，且{|1},1C x x a a =<<>，所以13a，所以实数a 的取值范围是(1,3]. 【点睛】本题主要考查了集合的标志，对数函数的单调性，以及集合的交集、并集和补集的运算等知识点的综合应用，着重考查推理与运算能力.26．（1）{|43}A x x =-≤≤；（2）43m ≤. 【分析】（1）解指数不等式，求得集合B ≠∅A .（2）由B =∅、B ≠∅两种情况进行分类讨论，由此求得实数m 的取值范围.【详解】（1）由已知：314222x -+≤≤，314x -≤+≤，{|43}A x x =-≤≤.（2）若B =∅时，131m m +>-，即1m <时符合题意；若B ≠∅时，131m m +≤-，即1m ≥时有14313m m +≥-⎧⎨-≤⎩，得453m -≤≤， 即413m ≤≤； 综上可得：m 的取值范围为43m ≤. 【点睛】 本小题主要考查指数不等式的解法，考查根据交集的结果求参数的取值范围，考查分类讨论的数学思想方法，属于基础题.。
必修一 Unit 4 Natural Disasters 单元培优综合测试卷 -20含解析
必修一Unit 4 Natural Disasters 单元培优综合测试卷-2025年新高考英语一轮总复习筑基培优方案（人教版2019）必修一Unit 4 NaturalDisasters 单元培优综合测试卷第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题;每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5 分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A（2024·重庆·三模）ONE CEREMONY, SEVERAL FIRSTSThe Opening Ceremony of the 2024 Olympic Games will be bold, original and unique. On 26 July 2024, Paris 2024 will offer an Opening Ceremony that is certain to join the most memorable moments in Olympic history.A ceremony outside a stadiumFor the first time in the history of the Olympic Summer Games, the Opening Ceremony will not take place in a stadium. Paris 2024 is breaking new ground by bringing sports and the Opening Ceremony into the city, set to be held in the heart of the city along its main river: the Seine (塞纳河).A ceremony on the riverTaking on a new look, the parade of athletes will be held on the Seine with boats for each national delegation (代表团). These boats will be equipped with cameras to allow television and online viewers to see the athletes up close. Winding their way from east to west, the 10,500 athletes will cross through the centre of Paris.A ceremony with free admission for many spectatorsHolding a ceremony open to a large audience, with no admission fee for most of its spectators, is a major first. Fans won’t need tickets to access the upper quays (码头), but those wishing to access the lower quays will need to buy tickets. Eighty giant screens and strategically placed speakers will allow everyone to enjoy the magical atmosphere of this show throughout Paris.A ceremony designed for and by athletesBy opening with the parade of athletes, Paris 2024 is breaking with tradition. Athletes will be featured on stage during the introduction to and throughout the ceremony as part of Paris 2024’s constant aim to hold Games created for and by athletes.1．Where will the Opening Ceremony of Paris 2024 be held?A．On the quays beside the Seine.B．In the city center along the Seine.C．In a stadium near the heart of Paris.D．On the eastern and western ends of Paris.2．What do we know about the admission fee?A．No admission fee is required.B．Access to the lower quays is free.C．Tickets should be bought for the upper quays.D．Some viewers pay for watching the ceremony.3．What is the main idea of this text?A．The history of the Olympics.B．The procedure of Paris 2024.C．The novel points of a ceremony.D．The charging rules of a ceremony.B（23-24高三上·黑龙江·期中）Living on the Florida Emerald Coast, people view a hurricane (飓风) ‘as a common thing. So it is not unusual for a family to have several full gas cans and bottled water stored in their houses all summer.Though unwilling to evacuate (撤离) from a hurricane, on September 15, my family was forced to leave our home for my grandfather’s house several miles away. We spent the early part of that evening watching the hurricane draw closer on the Weather Channel. Around nine o’clock, a loud sound shook the house, turned over the roof and carried it off. Soon came an indoor rainstorm.Realizing the damage, my grandfather began to be afraid. The storm had started, but he still ran out into the heavy rain and wind to see how much of the roof was left. We got him back inside. I had never seen him so scared. Mom finally asked him to lie down in his room.The leak (渗漏) had progressed rapidly. It soon became a race against time to protect what to be saved. Some people may think it necessary to save material things, but I hoped to save those items with emotional value, such as the photos. I still feared the storm, but I more feared the influence it brought.The next morning, it started to clear up. Thankfully, my family came safely through the storm, though the same could not be said for the house. Only the wooden beams (梁) remained, but inside many of the things were safe. My mom and I had worked tirelessly through the night.It was late, but we were still unwilling to go to bed. We discussed the rebuilding of the house. Under the beautiful sky, we suggested looking after my grandfather more often in the future. After this disaster, I realized the truth that the hurricane itself was not so terrible if we loved each other.4．What can we infer from the first paragraph?A．Many residents living near the coast tend to leave the place.B．Many residents are unwilling to prepare for hurricanes.C．Hurricanes often strike the Florida Emerald Coast.D．Hurricanes seldom hit the Florida Emerald Coast.5．Why did the author’s grandfather go out into the rain and wind?A．To protect something outside.B．To see the condition of the roof.C．To avoid the danger in the house.D．To know how serious the rain was.6．What is the main idea of the fourth paragraph?A．Why the author feared the storm.B．How the storm influenced the house.C．How people helped each other in the storm.D．What the author was ready to save from the storm. 7．What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 5 mean?A．The house contained many valuable things.B．The house was destroyed in the disaster.C．The house could be easy to repair.D．The house survived the hurricane.C（2024·湖南长沙·三模）Rogues (疯狗浪), called “extreme storm waves” by scientists, are large, unexpected, and dangerous waves that are at least twice as high as the other waves around them, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). These abnormal waves, which happen every day and all over the world, are highly unpredictable and can destroy ships that meet with them.Rogue waves appear to form when large rough waves pass through one another, combining to form huge walls of water, according to NOAA．However, why and where they appear is unclear. But using 700 years’ worth of ocean data including historical records and data from buoys (浮标) in 158 locations around the world, researchers have now created a system for predicting these “huge beasts”.“They are caused by a combination of many factors that, until now, have not been combined into a single risk assessment,” said lead author Dion Häfner. Häfner and his co-workers mapped the factors that may lead to rogue waves and used AI to make a single model that could determine the likelihood that a rogue wave will form.The team trained a neural network using historical wave data. This generated a system that learned the causes of rogue waves by itself and could work to predict them. But the AI’s methods were hid in a black box. This means scientists couldn’t know how the AI did its workings. So Häfner’s team applied another form of machine learning, which produced an equation (综合体) when fed data, rather than just a single prediction, helping the researchers to understand how the AI reached its predictions.“Our analysis demonstrates that abnormal waves occur all the time. In fact, we registered 100,000 waves in our data set that can be defined as rogue waves,” Häfner said. This system effectively shows the sign of a rogue wave, Häfner added, and can better protect ships from being destroyed as the sail around the world. Ship companies can use the device with the system to predict when and where rogue waves might arise to seek an alternative course.8．How does the author introduce the topic?A．By using an example.B．By giving a definition.C．By drawing a comparison.D．By making an assumption.9．What can the system do according to paragraph 2?A．Monitor huge sea creatures.B．Guide ships around in the sea.C．Prevent rouge waves from occurring.D．Forecast the hitting of rogue waves.10．What is the disadvantage of the AI’s methods?A．They aren’t visually available.B．They depend on too many factors.C．They make inaccurate predictions.D．They don’t process data systematically.11．How does Häfner find the system?A．It requires more field tests.B．It has been widely used.C．It needs further improvement.D．It has a promising future.D（2024·广西南宁·二模）In Japan, the new year began with disaster as a 7.5 magnitude earthquake struck the Noto Peninsula (能登半岛) on the country’s western edge on Monday. More than 2,000 active fault lines (断层线) lie beneath Japan, making it one of the most earthquake-prone countries in the world.Many scientists have long considered earthquake forecasting to be impossible. But given recent improvements in artificial intelligence, some researchers have been studying whether that could change.Last fall, researchers at the University of Texas at Austin increased such hopes for earthquake prediction witha seven-month trial in China. In all, the algorithm (演算法) successfully forecast 14 earthquakes, each within about 200 miles of its actual epicenter (震中). Meanwhile, it missed one quake and predicted eight that never happened. The trial was part of an international A．I.-design competition, one of a few such events held in recent years to advance earthquake prediction technologies.Sergey Fomel, a geoscientist at UT Austin and a member of the research team, says in a statement. “We’re not yet close to making predictions for anywhere in the world, but what we achieved tells us that what we thought was an impossible problem is solvable in principle.”Additionally, machine learning could help detect hidden patterns in data or collect more data to better inform earthquake forecasting, Hutchison writes for MIT Technology Review. For example, some researchers are showing how A．I. might use recordings from a specific seismic site to anticipate an earthquake’s magnitude. One team has built and trained neural networks to predict where aftershocks may occur after an initial strike. And others are using machine learning to identify and extract seismic waves—the vibrations that spread through the earth during tectonic activity (构造活动)—from other noises in the ground.12．What’s the function of the first paragraph?A．To explain a concept.B．To introduce a new topic.C．To supply a summary.D．To provide an example.13．What made some researchers optimistic about the earthquake forecasting?A．The recent progress in theories.B．The use of traditional methods.C．The increasing number of earthquakes.D．The advancements in artificial intelligence.14．What do we know from the third paragraph?A．The trial was conducted by Chinese.B．The algorithm was totally successful.C．A．I. shows promise in earthquake prediction.D．The A．I. competition only focused on earthquakes. 15．What is the best title for the passage?A．Japan’s Vulnerability to Earthquakes B．Helper in Predicting Earthquakes—A．I.C．The Impossibility of Earthquake Prediction D．International Efforts to Predict Earthquakes第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。