Unit 1 Breaking records-Grammar

3. A simpl word, even an entire clause. e.g. What he had already forgotten about computer repair could fill whole volumes.
Underline the subject in these sentences. In groups, check your answers. Then discuss whether you agree with the ideas in the sentences or not.
2. What can be used as Subject? Noun, adjective, nonfinite verb, it, nominative personal pronoun and the subject clause and so on.
1.Nouns名词作主语。 名词作主语。 名词作主语
e.g. 1. The dean’s report was reviewed by the faculty senate. 2. Three cities in the country’s interior were bombed.
Pick out the subject
A．You are wanted on the phone. B．John has three sisters. Mary is the cleverest of the three. C．-- What makes you so upset? --Losing the wallet. D．It's no use crying over spilt milk. E．To see is to believe. F．It is possible to fly to the moon by spaceship. G．Whether he comes or not doesn't matter． H．It is well known that the moon has no light of its own. I．It is not known where the meeting was held.
6．In familiar speech, the subject is sometimes ． left out when it is a pronoun. We call it omission of the subject.
A．I thank you. ． B．I never heard of it. ． C．It looks like it. ． D．It sounds like common sense to me. ． E．It serves him right. ．
Unit 1 Breaking records
Revising useful structures by Andy 深圳实验学校高中部 May 1, 2006
Grammar
subject
Subject
1. What is Subject? The subject of a sentence is the person, place, thing, or idea that is doing or being something.
e.g. 1. The Johnsons added a double garage to their house. 2. The jury returned a verdict of manslaughter.
6. In a passive sentence, the agent is not the subject. In fact, sometimes a passive sentence will not contain an agent.
e.g. The computers in the Learning Center must be replaced. The really important issue of the conference, stripped of all other considerations, is the morality of the nation.
4．It is well-known to all that + clause ． It is hoped that + clause It is said that＋clause ＋ It is believed that＋clause ＋ It is reported that＋clause ＋ 以上五个句型中It是形式主语 真正的主语是that引导的 是形式主语， 以上五个句型中 是形式主语，真正的主语是 引导的 从句。在这样的主语从句中that不能省略，就其本质讲， 不能省略， 从句。在这样的主语从句中 不能省略 就其本质讲， 也是可以的。 用That…is well-known；That…is said也是可以的。但 ； 也是可以的 是经过长期使用，上述五个句型已经被固定下来。 是经过长期使用，上述五个句型已经被固定下来。分别被 用来表示众所周知、据说、据报道、据传等。 用来表示众所周知、据说、据报道、据传等。 5. In the following, we must use gerunds. They are: It's no use doing… It's no good doing… It's useless doing… A．与他保持密切联系没有用处。 ．与他保持密切联系没有用处。 B．与他争执没有用处。 ．与他争执没有用处。
5.动名词作主语。 动名词作主语。 动名词作主语 Smoking is bad for your health. Seeing is believing.
6.名词化的形容词作主语。 名词化的形容词作主语。 名词化的形容词作主语 The rich should help the poor. Old and young walked side by side. 7.名词化的过去分词作主语。 名词化的过去分词作主语。 名词化的过去分词作主语 The disabled are being carefully taken care of.
e.g. 1. You step lively there, or I'll leave you behind! 2. Before assembling the swing set, you read these instructions carefully.
5. For purposes of sentence analysis, the doer or the initiator of action in a sentence is referred to as the agent of the sentence. In an active sentence, the subject is the agent.
8.从句作主语。 从句作主语。 从句作主语 Whenever you come will be fine.
9.引语作主语。 引语作主语。 引语作主语 “How do you do?” is a greeting.
作形式主语的句型有： 用 it 作形式主语的句型有：
(1) It is + 形容词(possible , clear , true , necessary , likely , nice 等) + that (2) It is + 名词 （a pity , no use , a fact , no wonder 等）+ that (3) It + 不及物动词（follows , happens , turns out , goes without saying）+ that (4) It is + 过去分词（thought , known , mentioned , said , expected , suggested , may be safely said , must be admitted , has been decided ）+ that
A tree has fallen across the street. The ambulance is arriving.
2. 代词作主语。 代词作主语。 You are a middle school student. He lent me his new bike. 3.数词作主语。 数词作主语。 数词作主语 Three is enough. Two from five leave three. 4.不定式作主语。 不定式作主语。 不定式作主语 To find the truth is very difficult. It’s is very difficult to find the truth.
In spoken English we often hear sentences like this:
A．Thank you. ． B．Never heard of it. ． C．Looks like it. ． D．Sounds like common sense to me. ． E．Serves him right. ．
4. In English, the subject of a command, order, or suggestion - you, the person being directed is usually left out of the sentence and is said to be the understood subject.
You can find the subject of a sentence if you can find the verb. Ask the question, “Who or what ‘verbs’ or ‘verbed’?” and the answer to that question is the subject.