09 My Friend, Albert Einstein
My Friend Albert Einstein
My Friend, Albert EinsteinBanesh HoffmannHe was one of the greatest scientists the world has ever known, yet if I had to convey the essence of Albert Einstein in a single word, I would choose simplicity. Perhaps an anecdote will help. Once, caught in a downpour, he took off his hat and held it under his coat. Asked why, he explained, with admirable logic, that the rain would damage the hat, but his hair would be none the worse for its wetting. This knack for going instinctively to the heart of a matter was the secret of his major scientific discoveries---this and his extraordinary feeling for beauty.I first met Alert Einstein in 1935, at the famous Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, N.J. He had been among the first to be invited to the Institute, and was offered carte blanche as to salary. To the director’s dismay, Einstein asked for an impossible sum: it was far too small. The director had to plead with him to accept a larger salary.I was in awe of Einstein, and hesitated before approaching him about some ideas I had been working on. When I finally knocked on his door, a gentle voice said, ―Come‖---with a rising inflection that made the single word both a welcome and a question. I entered his office and found him seated at a table, calculating and smoking his pipe. Dressed in ill-fitting clothes, his hair characteristically awry, he smiled a warm welcome. His utter naturalness at once set me at ease.As I began to explain my ideas, he asked me to write the equations on the blackboard so he could see how they developed. Then came the staggering ---and altogether endearing---request: ―Please go slowly. I do not understand things quickly.‖ This from Einstein! He said it gently, and I laughed. From then on, all vestiges of fear were gone.Einstein was born in 1879 in the German city of Ulm. He had been no infant prodigy; indeed, he was so late in learning to speak that his parents feared he was dullard. In school, though his teachers saw no special talent in him, the signs were already there. He taught himself calculus, for example, and his teachers seemed a little afraid of him because he asked questions they could not answer. At the age of 16, he asked himself whether a light wave would seem stationary if one ran abreast of it. From that innocent question would arise, ten years later, his theory of relativity.Einstein failed his entrance examinations at the Swiss Federal Polytechnic School, in Aurich, but was admitted a year later. There he went beyond his regular work to study the masterworks of physics on his own. Rejected when he applied for academic positions, he ultimately found work, in 1902, as a patent examiner in Berne, and there in 1905 his genius burst into fabulous flower.Among the extraordinary thins he produced in that memorable year were his theory of relativity, with its famous offshoot, E=mc² (energy equals mass times the speed of light squared), and his quantum theory of light. These two theories were not only revolutionary, but seemingly contradictory: the former was intimately linked to the theory that light consists of waves, while the latter said it consists somehow of particles. Yet this unknown young man boldly proposed both at once ---and he was right in both cases, though how he could have been is far too complex a story to tell here.Collaborating with Einstein was an unforgettable experience. In 1937, the Polish physicist Leopold Infeld and I asked if we could work with him. He was pleased with the proposal, since he had an idea about gravitation waiting to be worked out in detail. Thus we got to know not merely the man and the friend, but also the professional.The intensity and depth of his concentration were fantastic. When battling a recalcitrantproblem, he worried it as an animal worries its prey. Often, when we found ourselves up against a seemingly insuperable difficulty, he would stand up, put his pipe on the table, and say in his quaint English, ―I will a little tink‖ (he could not pronounce ―th‖). Then he would pace up and down, twirling a lock of his long, graying hair around his forefinger.A dreamy, faraway and yet inward look would come over his face. There was no appearance of concentration, no furrowing of the brow---only a placid inner communion. The minutes would pass, and then suddenly Einstein would stop pacing as his face relaxed into a gentle smile. He had found the solution to the problem. Sometimes it was so simple that Infeld and I could have kicked ourselves for not having thought of it. But the magic had been performed invisibly in the depths of Ei nstein’s mind, by a process we could not fathom.When his wife died he was deeply shaken, but insisted that now more than ever was the time to be working hard. I remember going to his house to work with him during that sad time. His face was haggard and grief-lined, but he put forth a great effort to concentrate. To help him, I steered the discussion away from routine matters into more difficult theoretical problem, and Einstein gradually became absorbed in the discussion. We kept at it for some tow hours, and at the end his eyes were no longer sad. As I left, he thanked me with moving sincerity. ―It was a fun,‖ he said. He had had a moment of surcease from grief, and then groping words expressed a deep emotion.Einstein was an accomplished amateur musician. We used to play duets, he on the violin, I at the piano. One day he surprised me by saying Mozart was the greatest composer of all. Beethoven ―created‖ his music, but the music of Mozart was of such purity and beauty one felt he had merely ―found‖ it --- that it had always existed as part of the inner beauty of the Universe, waiting to be revealed.It was this very Mozartean simplicity that most characterized Einstein’s methods. His 1905 theory of relativity, for example, was built on just tow simple assumptions. One is the so-called principle of relativity, which means, roughly speaking, that we cannot tell whether we are at rest or moving smoothly. The other assumption is that the speed of light is the same no matter what the speed of the object that produces it. You can see how reasonable this is if you think of agitating a stick in a lake to create waves. Whether you wiggle the stick from a stationary pier, or from a rushing speedboat, the waves, once generated, are on their own, and their speed has nothing to do with that of the stick.Each of these assumptions, by itself, was so plausible as to seem primitively obvious. But together they were in such violent conflict that a lesser man would have dropped one or the other and fled in panic. Einstein daringly kept both ---and by so doing he revolutionized physics. For he demonstrated they could, after all, exist peacefully side by side, provided we gave up cherished beliefs about the nature of time.Science is like a house of cards, with concepts like time and space at the lowest level. Tampering with time brought most of the house tumbling down, and it was this that made Einstein’s work so important --- and controversial. At a conference in Pinceton in honor of his 70th birthday, one of the speakers, a Nobel Prize winner, tried to convey the magical quality of Einstein’s achievement. Words failed him, and with a shrug of helplessness he pointed to his wristwatch, and said in tones of awed amazement, ―It all came from this.‖ His very ineloquence made this the most eloquent tribute I have heard to Einstein’s genius …Einstein’s work, performed quietly with pencil and paper, seemed remote from the turmoil of everyday life: But his ideas were so revolutionary they caused violent controversy and irrationalanger. Indeed, in order to be able to award him a belated Nobel Prize, the selection committee had to avoid mentioning relativity, and pretend the prize was awarded primarily for his work on the quantum theory.Political events upset the serenity of his life even more. When the Nazis came to power in Germany, his theories were officially declared false because they had been formulated by a Jew. His property was confiscated, and it is said a price was put on his head.When scientists in the United States, fearful that the Nazis might develop an atomic bomb, sought to alert American authorities to the danger, they were scarcely heeded. In desperation, they drafted a letter which Einstein signed and sent directly to President Roosevelt. It was this act that led to the fateful decision to go all-out on the production of an atomic bomb ---and endeavor in which Einstein took no active part. When he heard of the agony and destruction that his E=mc²had wrought, he was dismayed beyond measure, and from then on there was a look of ineffable sadness in his eyes.There was something elusively whimsical about Einstein. It is illustrated by my favorite anecdote about him. In his first year in Princeton, on Christmas Eve, so the story goes, some children sang carols outside his house. Having finished, they knocked on his door and explained they were collecting money to buy Christmas presents. Einstein listened, then said, ―Wait a moment.‖ He put on his scarf and overcoat, and took his violin from its case. Then, joining the children as they went from door to door, he accompanied their singing of ―Silent Night‖ on his violin.How shall I sum up what it meant to have known Einstein and his works? Like the Nobel Prize winner who pointed helplessly at his watch, I can find no adequate words. It was akin to the revelation of great art that lets one see what was formerly hidden. And when, for example, I walk on the sand of a lonely beach, I am reminded of his ceaseless search for cosmic simplicity --- and the scene takes on a deeper, sadder beauty.The Invisible PoorMichael HarringtonThe millions who are poor in the United States tend to become increasingly invisible. Here is a great mass of people, yet it takes an effort of the intellect and will even to see them.I discovered this personally in a curious way. After I wrote my first article on poverty in America, I had all the statistics down on paper. I had proved to my satisfaction that there were around 50,000,000 poor in this country. Yet, I realized I did not believe my own figures. The poor existed in the Government reports; they were percentages and numbers in long, close columns, but they were not part of my experience. I could prove that the other America existed, but I had never been there.There are perennial reasons that make the other America an invisible land.Poverty is often off the beaten track. It always has been. The ordinary tourist never left the main highway, and today he rides interstate turnpikes. He does not go into the valleys of Pennsylvania where the towns look like movie sets of Wales in the thirties. He does not see the company houses in rows, the rutted roads (the poor always have bad roads whether they live in the city, in towns, or on farms), and everything is black and dirty. And even if he were to pass through such a place by accident, the tourist would not meet the unemployed men in the bar or the women coming home from a runaway sweatshop.Then, too, beauty and myths are perennial masks of poverty. The traveler comes to the Appalachians in the lovely season. He sees the hill, the streams, the foliage --- but not the poor. Or perhaps he looks at a run-down mountain house and, remembering Rousseau rather than seeing with his eyes, decides that ―those people‖ are truly fortunate to be living the way they are and that they are lucky to be exempt from the strains and tensions of the middle class. The only problem is that ―those people,‖ the quaint inhabitants of those hills, are undereducated, underprivileged, lack medical care, and are in the process of being forced from the land into a life in the cities, where they are misfits.These are normal and obvious cause of the invisibility of the poor. They operated a generation ago; they will be functioning a generation hence. It is more important to understand that the very development of American society is creating a new kind of blindness about poverty. The poor are increasingly slipping out the very experience and consciousness of the nation.If the middle class never did like ugliness and poverty, it was at least aware of them. ―Across the tracks‖ was not a very long way to go. There were forays into the slums at Christmas time; there were charitable organizations that brought contact with the poor. Occasionally, almost everyone passed through the Negro ghetto or the blocks of tenements, if only to get downtown to work or to entertainment.Now the American city has been transformed. The poor still inhabit the miserable housing in the central area, but they are increasingly isolated from contact with, or sight of, anybody else. Middle-class women coming in from Suburbia on a rare trip may catch the merest glimpse of the other America on the way to an evening at the theater, but their children are segregated in suburban schools. The business or professional man may drive along the fringes of slums in a car or bus, but it is not an important experience to him. The failures, the unskilled, the disabled, the aged, and the minorities are right there, across the tracks, where they have always been. But hardly anyone else is.In short, the very development of the American city has removed poverty from the living, emotional experience of millions upon millions of middle-class Americans. Living out in the suburbs, it is easy to assume that ours is, indeed, and affluent society.This new segregation of poverty is compounded by a well-meaning ignorance. A good many concerned and sympathetic Americans are aware that there is much discussion of urban renewal. Suddenly, driving through the city, they notice that a familiar slum has been torn down and that there are towering, modern buildings where once there had been tenements or hovels. There is a warm feeling of satisfaction, of pride in the way things are working out: the poor, it is obvious, are being taken care of.The irony in this… is that the truth is nearly the exact opposite to the impression. The total impact of the various housing programs in postwar America has been to squeeze more and more people into existing slums… Clothes make the poor invisible too: America has the best-dressed poverty the world has ever known. For a variety of reasons, the benefits of mass production have been spread much more evenly in this area than in many others. It is much easier in the United States to be decently dressed than it is to be decently housed, fed, or doctored. Even people with terribly depressed incomes can look prosperous.This is an extremely important factor in defining our emotional and existential ignorance of poverty. In Detroit the existence of social classes became much more difficult to discern the day the companies put lockers in the plants. From that moment on, one did not see men in work clothes on the way to the factory, but citizens in slacks and white shirts. This process has been magnified with the poor throughout the country. There are tens of thousands of Americans in the big cities who are wearing shoes, perhaps even a stylishly cut suit or dress, and yet are hungry. It is not a matter of planning, though it almost seems as if the affluent society had given out costumes to the poor so that they would not offend the rest of society with the sight of rags.Then, many of the poor are the wrong age to be seen. A good number of them (over 8,000,000) are sixty-five years of age or better; an even larger number are under eighteen. The aged members of the other America are often sick, and they cannot move. Another group of them live out their lives in loneliness and frustration: they sit in rented rooms, or else they stay close to a house in a neighborhood that has completely changed from the old days. Indeed, one of the worst aspects of poverty among the aged is that these people are out of sight and out mind, and alone.The young are somewhat more visible, yet they too stay close to their neighborhoods. Sometimes they advertise their poverty through a lurid tabloid story about a gang killing. But generally they do not disturb the quiet streets of the middle class.And finally, the poor are politically invisible. It is one of the cruelest ironies of social life in advanced countries that the dispossessed at the bottom of society are unable to speak for themselves. The people of the other America do not, by far and large, belong to unions to fraternal organizations, or to political parties. They are without lobbies of their own; they put forward no legislative program. As a group, they are atomized. They have no face; they have no voice.Thus, there is not even a cynical political motive for caring about the poor, as in the old days. Because the slums are no longer centers of powerful political organizations, the politicians need not really care about their inhabitants. The sums are no longer visible to the middle class, so much of the idealistic urge to fight for those who need help is gone. Only the social agencies have a really direct involvement with the other America, and they are without any great political power.To the extent that the poor have a spokesman in American life, that role is played by the labormovement. The unions have their own particular idealism, and ideology of concern. More than that, they realize that the existence of a reservoir of cheap, unorganized labor is a menace to wages and working conditions throughout the entire economy. Thus, many union legislative proposals --- to extend the coverage of minimum wage and social security, to organize migrant farm laborers --- articulate the needs of the poor.That the poor are invisible is one of the most important things about them. They are not simply neglected and forgotten as in the old rhetoric of reform; what is much worse, they are not seen.Group the Gifted: ProKenneth MottI regard gifted children as those who possess some quality or innate ability which has been recognized and identified by any number of testing and observation devices and who manifest interest and success in either physical, intellectual, or artistic pursuits.These might be children who are gifted athletes but who have real trouble mastering academic subject matter, or students who are poor athletes bu t are highly intellectual ―quiz kids‖ who knock the top off all measuring devices. ―Gifted‖ may describe pupils of average intelligence who have exceptional ability in art or music, or it may refer to the child with an IQ of 135 who excels in everything.How can we deal with these gifted? I firmly believe that we should group them as nearly as possible according to interest and ability (giftedness) and challenge them with a type of program that will help them to grow to the fullest extent of their abilities and capacities.This grouping could take the form of special subject arrangements in the elementary grades, a situation in which a class is heterogeneously grouped most of the day but is divided at times into special interest or ability class groups for special instruction. In high school, it may take the form of grouping students in regular classes according to any number of criteria but basically those of interest and proficiency (or lack of proficiency) in various subject areas.One of the basic arguments against grouping the gifted is the fear of creating a caste of intellectual snobs. Similarly, some educators fear that the average and slow students would come to regard themselves as inferior.If my definition of the gifted is accepted, then these fears are groundless. After all, the schools have grouped gifted athletes for years. Yet how many athletes regard themselves as part of an elite? Do varsity athletes look down upon other pupils as inferior? The vast majority apparently do not.Consider also th e amount of ―gifted grouping‖ in speech, music, art, and journalism. Schools have readily grouped the gifted in these areas without any apparent ill effect. To the extent of myobservation, encouraging gifted debaters, musicians, artists, and writers to develop their special talents does not create envy or feelings of inferiority among less talented students.If educators sincerely desire to promote individual growth and self-respect, they have no grounds, as far as I can see, to fear any kind of grouping. The teacher, not the manner in which a class is organized, determines students' attitudes toward individual differences. Before he can hope to instill the proper attitude, however, the teacher needs to make a critical analysis of his own attitudes toward such differences.If a group of gifted or nongifted students form the wrong concept about themselves, the fault probably lies with the teachers, parents, or administrators. I have confidence that if teachers accept and respect individual worth, that if they challenge and spark interests in young people, the individual student will mature and grow successfully along the lines of his interests and abilities. I say, let those with similar ―gifts‖ associate, plan, and enjoy being together.Many educators disagree with the idea of gifted grouping because they believe that it does not affect achievement significantly. They cite pilot studies which indicate that no significant change in achievement results when children are separated into slow and accelerated classes.The fact is, however, that in a vast majority of pilot studies the children have been grouped only according to IQ scores, which are far from reliable, and the conclusions have been based on achievement scores which measure only mastery of factual detail.Unfortunately, there are no reliable devices for measuring growth in such areas as creativity, attitudes, personal adjustment, latent interest and talent, and innate capacity.My opinion, which is based on more than a decade in the classroom, is that learning skyrockets when individuals are grouped according to interest and ability and are motivated, challenged, and inspired by a type of schoolwork that will yield some measure of success to them.Heterogeneous classrooms frequently produce frustration in children who are persistently unable to do the same work that most of the other children do. Frustration is also produced when bright children are not properly challenged by their school work, as is too often the case in heterogeneous classrooms.I have little fear of gifted students being pushed beyond their endurance, for I have faith in the ability of most teachers to recognize the limits to which any student should be pushed. On the other hand, I don't believe giftedness should be wasted away simply because a bright or talented student is content to proceed at what is --- for him --- a snail's pace or to stand at the top of a class of students with less ability.Several schools with which I am familiar have experimented with grouping the gifted in a reading program. (Their regular procedure had been to have three or four reading groups in one classroom under one teacher. The teacher's time was divided among several small groups.) The experiment involved putting slow readers from different classrooms in one classroom, average readers from different classrooms in another class, and fast readers in still another class. Each classroom still had one teacher, but he no longer had to divide his time among several different groups. The control group consisted of a class organized and taught under the regular procedure mentioned above.After two years, the researchers found greater overall progress at all reading levels in the experimental group. In fact, some slow readers joined the average ones and some average ones moved up to the fast group. In this case, special ability grouping paid dividends all around.I believe the same results could have been achieved in science, social studies, mathematics, or English. By decreasing the range of interest and/or ability levels, the teacher is able to do more toward helping individual growth.While I do not believe that children should be regarded as resources to be molded to the needs of society, I do believe that as individuals they are endowed with certain characteristics and attributes --- ―gifts‖ of nature --- which represent their potential success in life. Where children have certain ―gifts‖ in common, they should be allowed to work and study together.Grouping the Gifted: ConBruno BettelheimAn argument often advanced on behalf of special classes for gifted children is that in regular classrooms these children are held back and possibly thwarted in their intellectual growth by learning situations that are designed for the average child. There can be little doubt that special classes for the gifted can help them to graduate earlier and take their place in life sooner. On the other hand, to take these students out of the regular classroom may create serious problems for them and for society.For example, in regular classrooms, we are told, the gifted child becomes bored and loses interest in learning. This complaint, incidentally, is heard more often from adults, parents, or educators than from students. Nevertheless, on the strength of these complaints, some parents and educators conclude that special classes should be set up for the gifted.Although some children at the top of their class do complain of being bored in school, the issue of why they are bored goes far beyond the work they have in school. If the findings of psychoanalytic investigation of feelings have any validity, feelings of boredom arise as a defense against deep feelings of anxiety. To be bored, therefore, is to be anxious.The student who is bored by his studies is the student who can take few constructive measures of his own to manage his anxieties. Consequently, he represses or denies them; he must ask others, specifically his teachers, to keep him frantically busy, studying and competing intellectually so that he will not feel anxiety.The gifted child who is bored is an anxious child. To feed neurotic defense mechanisms may serve some needs of society, but to nourish his neurosis certainly does not help him as a human being.Psychology, like nature, does not permit a vacuum. If study material does not hold the student's attention because of his easy mastery of it, the result is not necessarily boredom. Other intellectual interests can fill the unscheduled time. Is it reasonable to assume that gifted children learn only when pressed by the curriculum?Several years ago I observed what happened to a number of gifted children who were taken out of a highly accelerated, highly competitive, private school and placed in a public high school of good academic standing where, by comparison, the work was so easy as to be ―boring‖.Close inspection revealed an interesting and worthwhile development in most of the transplanted youngsters. In the special school for the gifted these children had shown little ability to use their own critical judgment. Instead, they had relied heavily on their teacher's direction. In the slower-paced school, no longer having to worry about keeping up, these students began to reflect spontaneously on many problems, some of which were not in the school program.The students acquired on their own a much deeper appreciation of life, art, literature, and other human beings. No longer exhausted by meeting assigned learning tasks, these youngsters had energy to branch out, broaden their interests, and understand far more deeply.Prolonged, rarely assailed security may be the best preparation for tackling difficult intellectual problems. Because the gifted child learns easily, he acquires a feeling of security in a regular class. On the other hand, if such a child is put into a special class where learning is not easy for him, where he is only average among a group of extremely gifted youngsters, he may, as often happens, come to feel that he has only average abilities which are not up to coping with difficult challenges.Another argument advanced for special classes for the gifted is that removing highly capable students from the regular classroom lessens anxiety among the slower learners. Possibly so. But how do anxieties become manageable except through a friendly working relationship with someone felt to be superior --- in this case, the faster learners in the classroom?In many of our big cities today, the students left behind in the non-collegiate programs are marked as a lower breed. Indeed, most of them come from poor, lower-class homes. Surrounded by students who have little interest in acquiring an education, lacking companionship with students who want to learn, and receiving no encouragement at home, these children apply themselves even less than they would if there were good students in class with whom to identify.In order to achieve educationally, many children from economically impoverished homes need to be challenged and motivated by example. Grouping deprives these children of such stimulation. They are left behind as second-class students, a situation which is more likely to create hopelessness than to lessen anxiety. Should some of them display outstanding leadership or ability, they are sent away to join their intellectual peers, leaving the nongifted group even more impoverished.Grouping children intelligently has much in common with mountain climbing. In mountain climbing, the guides usually distribute themselves ahead of and behind beginners or less skilled climbers. Placed in the center of the group with people who have learned both the skill and the teamwork required in mountain climbing, the beginner is likely to learn quickly and well.If, however, all of the good climbers are put into one party, and all of the poor ones in another, the second group is likely to fail miserably or perish altogether.When the debate over what is the ―best ― education for the child reaches an impasse, the argument is frequently switched to what is best for society. Today we are told that we need more scientists and more engineers to ―survive.‖ Therefore, we must speed the growth of young people who have the necessary talent.Does anyone really know what the needs of society will be thirty years hence? Can science guarantee survival? Might society not have a greater need for fresh, imaginative ideas on how to。
My-friend--Albert-Einstein课文讲解PPT课件
Unit Three
TEXT I My Friend, Albert Einstein
❖ I. Pre-reading Questions ❖ This is an open question.
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Text Comprehension
丧子的母亲悲不自胜。
would be none the worse for its wetting: would not be harmed by its being wet
none the worse for: not harmed by; not adversely affected by 未受…影响/损害, 并不更差；依然如故，
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Paragraph 1
catch: attack; entrap 击中
E.g.: The wind caught the sails. 风吹袭帆篷。 We got caught in a downpour. 我们被大雨淋着了。
Sorrow caught the bereaved [bɪ'rivd] mother.
SA: Knack for going instinctively to the heart of a matter.
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❖ What is the main idea of this paragraph? ❖ It introduces the main idea of the article, that the
complicated they may be.
a knack of the trade 做买卖的诀窍
MyFriend,AlbertEinstein课件
MyFriend,AlbertEinstein课件英语专业大三教材课文的课件Unit Three Text I: My Friend, Albert EinsteinPrePre-reading Brainstorming: Brainstorming: 1. What do you know about Einstein? What was he like? 2. How do you think Hoffmann describes Einstein as his friend? --- Hoffmann takes a different perspective. He tries to reveal some of the less well-known wellaspects of Einstein’s personality, traits that characterize him more as a man than as a scientific genius.英语专业大三教材课文的课件PrePre-reading activitiesSilent Night Silent night, holy night, Son of God, love's pure light Radiant beams from thy holy face, With the dawn of redeeming grace, Jesus, Lord, at thy birth. Jesus, Lord, at thy birth. Silent night, holy night, All is calm, all is bright Round yon virgin mother and child. Holy infant so tender and mild, Sleep in heavenly peace. Sleep in heavenly peace...Silent night, holy night, All is calm, all is bright Round yon virgin mother and child. Holy infant so tender and mild, Sleep in heavenly peace. Sleep in heavenly peace.英语专业大三教材课文的课件A qui z1. A carol is a kind of ___________. 2. Einstein’s two most important theories are: a. ________; b.__________. 3. The Equation E=mc2 means _________. 4. Tell the different forms of the following words: awe, serene, cosmic 5. Read the words: controversy, controversial 6. How can we understand the meaning of akin by analyzing the form of the word?英语专业大三教材课文的课件Related Information 1. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: (1756-1791), Mozart: 1756-1791) Austrian composer, one of the world’s greatest musical geniuses,wrote masterpieces in geniuses, every branch of music. During his short life, Mozart composed a great volume of music. His 789 compositions include operas, symphonies, concertos(协奏曲), quartets(四重奏) concertos(协奏曲), quartets(四重奏) for the piano and for stringed instruments and sonatas for both piano and violin. His music has delicate beauty and is always fresh and pleasing to the ear.英语专业大三教材课文的课件2. Ludwig van Beethoven: (1770-1827), German (1770composer, was one of music’s greatest geniuses. His works have a rare of originality, emotional depth, and expressive power. He was known for his nine symphonies, piano concertos andsonatas, and string quartets(弦乐四重奏). quartets(弦乐四重奏). Most of Beethoven’s compositions were written in the classical forms established by his predecessors Mozart and Haydn, so he is sometimes considered the last great composer in the classical tradition. But he also remolded and expanded the old forms and infused them with a highly personal intensity of emotion, so he is also referred to as the first of the Romantics.英语专业大三教材课文的课件3. The Nobel Prize: Alfred Bernhard Nobel (1838-1896), (1838a distinguished Swedish chemist and industrialist, provided for the award of Nobel Prize. He experimented with different kinds of explosives such as nitroglycerin(硝酸甘油) nitroglycerin(硝酸甘油) and dynamite(黄色炸药), dynamite(黄色炸药), both deadly explosives. However, he was a pacifist and he feared that his inventions might further warfare. In his will he left about $9,000,000 in a fund to reward those who did most for his fellow man in science, literature, and peace. In his will, he specified that the interest accrued by the fund “be annually distributed in the form of prizes to those who during the preceding year, shall have conferred the greatest benefit onmankind” in the field of physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace, regardless of nationality.英语专业大三教材课文的课件4. The Nazis: Nazism is a political doctrine of Nazis: racial supremacy, nationalism, and dictatorship. Nazi is an abbreviation of German word for National Socialist Party founded by Hitler. He defined the Germanic people as a race, called Aryans superior to other races. He blamed Germany’s troubles on Jewish capitalism, Communism, and the heavy reparation payments Germany was required to make to the victorious Allies by the Treaty of Versailles (June 28, 1919) that ended the First World War.英语专业大三教材课文的课件Main Idea: Idea: This profile (short, vivid biography, briefly outlining a person’s most outstanding characteristics: his ability, personality, or career) is mainly about Einstein’s personality and his incomparable contributions to science. Purpose of writing and Tone: Tone: The purpose is to illustrate with anecdotes some characteristic features of Einstein both as a man and as a scientist.英语专业大三教材课文的课件Organization and Development: Development:Introduction (P1): Using the word “simplicity” to begin the illustration ofEinstein’s “simplicity” essence Body (P2-19): (P2P2P2-4: About his modesty; modesty; P5P5-7: Einstein’s brief life history and his two great theories; P8P8-11: About his concentration on work; work; P12P12-13: About his love of natural simplicity; P14P14-16: About his academic courage; courage; P17P17-18: About his sense of justice; justice; P19: About his youthful innocence; innocence; Conclusion: Conclusion: (P20) Summing up what it means to have known Einstein and his work.。
myfriendalberteinstein课文总结
myfriendalberteinstein课文总结My Friend Albert Einstein: A Summary of the TextThe text 'My Friend Albert Einstein' is a fascinating account of the author's personal experiences and interactions with the renowned scientist, Albert Einstein. The story provides a unique insight into the character and genius of one of the greatest minds in human history. The text begins by introducing the author as a young student who had the opportunity to meet Einstein while studying at a prestigious university. From their first encounter, it becomes clear that Einstein's brilliance and unique way of thinking set him apart from others. The author describes how Einstein's presence alone exuded a sense of intelligence and curiosity that was both inspiring and humbling.As the author's friendship with Einstein deepens, they recount numerous instances where they engaged in thought-provoking discussions on various scientific and philosophical topics. Einstein's approach to problem-solving and his ability to think outside the box left a lasting impression on the author. They describe how Einstein would often challenge conventional wisdom and question established theories, pushing the boundaries of scientific knowledge.One of the most intriguing aspects of the text is the author's description of Einstein's unconventional habits and idiosyncrasies. They share anecdotes about how Einstein would often get lost in his thoughts,completely oblivious to his surroundings. His messy appearance and disheveled hair only added to his eccentric charm. Despite his unconventional nature, Einstein possessed a remarkable humility and approachability that made him endearing to those around him.The text further delves into Einstein's contributions to science, highlighting his groundbreaking theories of relativity and his profound impact on our understanding of the universe. The author explains how Einstein's theories revolutionized the field of physics and paved the way for countless advancements in technology and space exploration.In addition to his scientific brilliance, the text also sheds light on Einstein's activism and humanitarian efforts. The author recounts Einstein's strong advocacy for human rights, peace, and disarmament. Einstein's letters, speeches, and public appearances in support of these causes showcase his deep sense of social responsibility and desire for a better world.Overall, 'My Friend Albert Einstein' is a captivating text that provides a glimpse into the life and mind of one of history's greatest geniuses. Through the author's personal experiences and anecdotes, readers gain a deeper appreciation for both Einstein's scientific achievements and his remarkable personality. The text serves as a reminder of the importance of questioning the status quo, pursuing knowledge, and fostering a sense of compassion and responsibility towards humanity.。
my friend albert einstein读后感
He was one of the greatest scientists the world has ever known, yet if I had to convey the essence of Albert Einstein in a single word, I would choose simplicity. Perhaps an anecdote will help. Once, caught in a downpour, he took off his hat and held it under his coat. Asked why, he explained, with admirable logic, that the rain would damage the hat, but his hair would be none the worse for its wetting. This knack for going instinctively to the heart of a matter was a secret of his major scientific discoveries - this and his extraordinary feeling for beauty.爱尔伯特·爱因斯坦是世界上最伟大的科学家之一，但如果要我用一个词来概括他这个人的品质，那我会选"质朴"。
也许一个小故事能让我们略知一二。
有一次，天降大雨，爱因斯坦躲之不及，于是他摘下了帽子，把它夹在外衣下。
当别人问他为什么要这么做时，他解释说，雨水会弄坏他的帽子，但是他的头发湿了不会有什么大碍。
他的逻辑真是无懈可击。
他这种本能地把握事物本质的能力正是他能够做出重大科学发现的秘诀所在，除此之外，还有他对美的那种非凡的感觉。
I first met Einstein in 1935, at the famous Institutefor Advanced Study in Princeton, N.J. He had been among the first to be invited to the institute, and was offered carte blanche as to salary. To the director's dismay, Einstein asked for an impossible sum: it was far too small. The director had to plead with him to accept a larger salary.我第一次见到爱因斯坦是在1935年，在位于新泽西的著名的普林斯顿大学高级研究中心。
My Friend,Albert Einstein教案
Unit ThreeText I: My Friend, Albert EinsteinBanesh HoffmannI.Pre-reading Brainstorming:1.What do you know about Einstein? What was he like?The text is mainly about Einstein personality and his incomparable contributions to science. It is inevitable that mention must be made of Einstein’s theory of relativity and his other achievements in mathematics and physics which, however, are very difficult for layman（外行人）to understand and explain. For this reason, only very brief notes are given to the technical terms. What is more important about the text is a description of Einstein concerning his “knack for going instinctively to the heart of a matter”（凭本能抓住事物本质的技巧）(Line 5-6), his “utter naturalness”(Line, 17-18), the “fantastic intensity and depth of his concentration”（考虑问题的强度和深度都是奇妙无比）(Line, 46), the “revolutionary ideas”(Line, 95) about mathematics and physics, etc. There is much to learn from the language of the text, too.His main achievements: theory of relativity; E=mc(energy equals mass times the speed of light squared) （能量=质量×光速）；the quantum theory of light（光量子理论）A very famous scientist, a scientific genius with a lock of long, graying hair.2. How do you think Hoffmann describes Einstein as his friend?Hoffmann takes a different perspective. He tries to reveal some of the less well-known aspects of Einstein’s personality, traits that characterize him more as a man than as a scientific genius.II. Related Information1. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: （1756-1791）, Austrian composer, one of the world’s greatest music al geniuses，wrote masterpieces in every branch of music. During his short life, Mozart composed a great volume of music. His 789 compositions include operas, symphonies, concertos（协奏曲）, quartets （四重奏）for the piano and for stringed instruments and sonatas for both piano and violin. His music has delicate beauty and is always fresh and pleasing to the ear.2. Ludwig van Beethoven: (1770-1827), German composer, was one of music’s greatest genius es. His works have a rare of originality, emotional depth, and expressive power. He was known for his nine symphonies, pianoconcertos and sonatas, and string quartets（弦乐四重奏）. Most of Beethoven’s compositions were written in the classical forms established by his predecessors Mozart and Haydn, so he is sometimes considered the last great composer in the classical tradition. But he also remolded and expanded the old forms and infused them with a highly personal intensity of emotion, so he is also referred to as the first of the Romantics.3. The Nobel Prize: Alfred Bernhard Nobel (1838-1896), a distinguished Swedish chemist and industrialist, provided for the award of Nobel Prize. He experimented with different kinds of explosives such as nitroglycerin（硝酸甘油）and dynamite（黄色炸药）, both deadly explosives. However, he was a pacifist and he feared that his inventions might further warfare. In his will he left about $9,000,000 in a fund to reward those who did most for his fellow man in science, literature, and peace. In his will, he specified that the interest accrued by the fund “be annually distributed in the form of prizes to those who during the preceding year, shall have conferred the greatest benefit on mankind”in the field of physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace, regardless of nationality.4. The Nazis: Nazism is a political doctrine of racial supremacy, nationalism, and dictatorship. Nazi is an abbreviation of German word for National Socialist Party founded by Hitler. He defined the Germanic people as a race, called Aryans superior to other races. He blamed Germany’s troubles on Jewish capitalism, Communism, and the heavy reparation payments Germany was required to make to the victorious Allies by the Treaty of Versailles (June 28, 1919) that ended the First World War.III.Text Comprehension:1) Main Idea:This profile(short, vivid biography, briefly outlining a person’s most outstanding characteristics: his ability, personality, or career人物简介) is mainly about Einstein’s personality and his incomparable contributions to science.2) Purpose of writing and Tone:The purpose is to illustrate with anecdotes some characteristic features of Einstein both as a man and as a scientist.3) Organization and Development:Introduction (P1):Using the word “simplicity” to begin the illustration of Einstein’s essence Body (P2-19):P2-4: About his modesty;P5-7: Einstein’s brief life history and his two great theories;P8-11: About his concentration on work;P12-13: About his love of natural simplicity;P14-16: About his academic courage;P17-18: About his sense of justice;P19: About his youthful innocence;Conclusion: (P20)Summing up what it means to have known Einstein and his work.4) Comprehension Questions:1. Which phrase in the first paragraph explains the abstract notion of “simplicity”?--- "going instinctively to the heart of a matter"2. From the two anecdotes related in para. 2-4, what impression of Einstein have you got?--- He was a very modest person, never thinking himself any superior to or more authoritative than others because of his fame and achievements as a great scientist of the time.3. What, according to the author, is Einstein’s most outstanding trait a s a scientist?--- Concentration. Refer to the first sentence of para. 9.（The intensity and depth of his concentration were fantastic.）4. Why did Einstein insist on working hard when he was so badly shaken by his wife’s death?--- Working hard requires concentration, which would help him to dispel the feeling of sorrow.5. How do you interpret the sentence in para. 11: “To help him, I steered the discussion away from routine matters into more difficult theoretical problems”?--- Tackling more difficult theoretical problems requires greater concentration and absorption. This would help him temporarily forget the sadness caused by his wife's death.6. What revelation is made through Einstein’ comment on Beethoven and Mozart’ works?--- As a simple man, Einstein takes it that beauty exists in the Universe. Such beauty is natural, pure, and simple. Beauty found is even greater and more admirable than beauty created.7. How did Einstein feel about the destructive effect produced as a result of the application of his E=mc formula?--- This is something he had not expected. He was greatly dismayed by the devastating effect his formula produced once it was put into application.8. Do you think the anecdote relat ed in para. 19 aims to illustrate Einstein’s “whimsicality”? If not, what personality trait other than being whimsicality is revealed here?--- He was not really a whimsical man. If he could be called a whimsical man, then his whimsicality came from the young heart and childlike innocence which he had managed to retain.5) Difficult Sentences for Paraphrasing:1. This knack for going instinctively to the heart of a matter was the secret of his major scientific discoveries --- this and his extraordinary feeling for beauty. (Para. 1)--- This natural ability of intuitively getting to the essence of a subject was the key to the great discoveries made by him in science. This natural gift and his unusual awareness of beauty.2. The intensity and depth of his concentration were fantastic. When battling a recalcitrant problem, he worried it as an animal worries its prey.(P-9)--- His engrossment in ideas was incredibly intense and deep. When attacking a problem difficult to solve, he kept attempting to deal with it with great effort, just as an animal chases and bites a weaker animal it preys upon until the latter gives in.3. A dreamy, faraway and yet inward look would come over his face. There was no appearance of concentration, no furrowing of the blow --- only a placid inner communion. (P-10)他脸上会露出心不在焉、恍恍惚惚却又像在内心思索的神色。
(完整word版)My Friend, Albert Einstein课文翻译
我的朋友阿尔伯特•爱因斯坦班尼旭·霍夫曼爱因斯坦是历史上最伟大的科学家，如果用一个词出神入化地描述他，那就是“率真”。
有个例子很能表现他的率真：一次，爱因斯坦突遇大雨，他脱下帽子将其藏在衣内。
问及为什么这样，他很有逻辑地说，大雨会淋坏帽子，脱下帽子，头发受淋没什么关系。
真是一语切入问题实质。
正是这种人品素质，以及他对美的非凡感受，才是奠定他重大科学发现的秘诀。
第一次见到爱因斯坦，是1935年，在新泽西州普林斯顿那所著名的高级研究院里。
他是受研究院邀请最早的学者之一，薪金任他自己填写。
可令院长失望的是，爱因斯坦填写的薪金太少了，院长不得不恳请先生多填一些。
我非常敬畏爱因斯坦。
一次，我正在研究一个问题，必须向先生请教。
临行前，我一直犹犹豫豫。
当我终于敲响先生的屋门时，听到一声温和的“请进！”-------声调微微上扬，透着欢迎和询问的语气。
我走进办公室，见先生坐在桌前，一边吸烟一边做计算。
他头发有些凌乱，一副不修边幅的样子。
他对我颔首微笑，平易的面容使我立即消除了紧张感。
我开始解释自己的想法。
他让我把公式写在黑板上，以便能看明白每一个发展步骤。
“请你慢慢说，我接受力很慢。
”先生的请求令我愕然，也使我倍感亲切。
这话竟出自爱因斯坦之口，而且说得那么温和！我笑了。
所有的拘束荡然无存。
与爱因斯坦合作让我终身不忘。
1937年我和波兰物理学家奥波德•英费尔德请求与先生一起工作，他愉快地答应了。
当时，他的万有引力设想正待进一步研究和证明。
这以后，工作中的朝夕相处，使我们不仅接近和了解了作为人，作为朋友的爱因斯坦，更了解了作为科学家的爱因斯坦。
爱因斯坦研究之专注，是无与伦比的。
较量难题，他犹如野兽扑食物。
每当我们陷入一个近乎难以超越的困境，爱因斯坦便习惯地站起来，放下烟斗，用他那滑稽的英语说“我想想”（他发不”th”这个音，所以把“think”说成了“ tink”）。
边说边在屋里来回踱步，食指还不停地捻弄他那一头乱发。
MyFriend,AlbertEinstein课文翻译
我的朋友阿尔伯特•爱因斯坦班尼旭·霍夫曼爱因斯坦是历史上最伟大的科学家，如果用一个词出神入化地描述他，那就是“率真”。
有个例子很能表现他的率真：一次，爱因斯坦突遇大雨，他脱下帽子将其藏在衣内。
问及为什么这样，他很有逻辑地说，大雨会淋坏帽子，脱下帽子，头发受淋没什么关系。
真是一语切入问题实质。
正是这种人品素质，以及他对美的非凡感受，才是奠定他重大科学发现的秘诀。
第一次见到爱因斯坦，是1935年，在新泽西州普林斯顿那所著名的高级研究院里。
他是受研究院邀请最早的学者之一，薪金任他自己填写。
可令院长失望的是，爱因斯坦填写的薪金太少了，院长不得不恳请先生多填一些。
我非常敬畏爱因斯坦。
一次，我正在研究一个问题，必须向先生请教。
临行前，我一直犹犹豫豫。
当我终于敲响先生的屋门时，听到一声温和的“请进！”-------声调微微上扬，透着欢迎和询问的语气。
我走进办公室，见先生坐在桌前，一边吸烟一边做计算。
他头发有些凌乱，一副不修边幅的样子。
他对我颔首微笑，平易的面容使我立即消除了紧张感。
我开始解释自己的想法。
他让我把公式写在黑板上，以便能看明白每一个发展步骤。
“请你慢慢说，我接受力很慢。
”先生的请求令我愕然，也使我倍感亲切。
这话竟出自爱因斯坦之口，而且说得那么温和！我笑了。
所有的拘束荡然无存。
与爱因斯坦合作让我终身不忘。
1937年我和波兰物理学家奥波德•英费尔德请求与先生一起工作，他愉快地答应了。
当时，他的万有引力设想正待进一步研究和证明。
这以后，工作中的朝夕相处，使我们不仅接近和了解了作为人，作为朋友的爱因斯坦，更了解了作为科学家的爱因斯坦。
爱因斯坦研究之专注，是无与伦比的。
较量难题，他犹如野兽扑食物。
每当我们陷入一个近乎难以超越的困境，爱因斯坦便习惯地站起来，放下烟斗，用他那滑稽的英语说“我想想”（他发不”th”这个音，所以把“think”说成了“ tink”）。
边说边在屋里来回踱步，食指还不停地捻弄他那一头乱发。
My Friend, Albert Einstein(St).
assumption
粗略地说
roughly speaking in violent conflict
有极端的矛盾 落荒而逃
flee in panic
并排，并肩 并排，
side by side
倒塌
tumble down
Translation: Beethoven “created” his music, but the music of Mozart was of such purity and beauty one felt he had merely “found” it----that it had always existed as part of the inner beauty of the Universe, waiting to be revealed.
Translation:
This knack for going instinctively to the heart of a matter was a secret of his major scientific discoveries----this and his extraordinary feeling for beauty.
贝多芬的音乐是“创造”出来的，而莫 贝多芬的音乐是“创造”出来的， 扎特的音乐是如此纯净和优美，让人 扎特的音乐是如此纯净和优美， 感觉他只是“发现”了它----它一直 感觉他只是“发现” 是宇宙内在美的一部分，一直存在着， 是宇宙内在美的一部分，一直存在着， 等待我们去发现。 等待我们去发现。
characterize: be a typical quality or feature of sb. or sth. This kind of behavior characterizes the criminal mind. 这种举止是罪犯的 心理特征。 stationary: (adj.) 固定的，不动的 stationery: (n.) 文具 lesser man: a man not as strong, brave, intelligent, etc. 我是我们家最不争气的的孩子。 我是我们家最不争气的的孩子。
原文MyFriend爱因斯坦
原⽂MyFriend爱因斯坦My Friend, Albert EinsteinBanesh HoffmannHe was one of the greatest scientists the world has ever known, yet if I had to convey the essence of Albert Einstein in a single word, I would choose simplicity. Perhaps an anecdote will help. Once, caught in a downpour, he took off his hat and held it under his coat. Asked why, he explained, with admirable logic, that the rain would damage the hat, but his hair would be none the worse for its wetting. This knack for going instinctively to the heart of a matter was a secret of his major scientific discoveries - this and his extraordinary feeling for beauty.I first met Einstein in 1935, at the famous Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, N.J. He had been among the first to be invited to the institute, and was offered carte blanche as to salary. To the director's dismay, Einstein asked for an impossible sum: it was far too small. The director had to plead with him to accept a larger salary.I was in awe of Einstein, and hesitated before approaching him about some ideas I had been working on. When I finally knocked on his door, a gentle voice said, "Come" - with a rising inflection that made the single word both a welcome and a question. I entered his office and found him seated at a table, calculating and smoking his pipe. Dressed in ill-fitting clothes, his hair characteristically awry, he smiled a warm welcome. His utter naturalness at once set me at ease.As I began to explain my ideas, he asked me to write the equations on the blackboard so he could see how they developed. Then came the staggering - and altogether endearing - request: "Please go slowly. I do not understand things quickly." This from Einstein! He said it gently, and I laughed. From then on, all vestiges of fear were gone.Collaborating with Einstein was an unforgettable experience. In 1937, the Polish physicist Leopold Infeld and I asked if we could work with him. He was pleased with the proposal, since he had an idea about gravitation waiting to be worked out in detail. Thus we got to know not merely the man and the friend, but also the professional.The intensity and depth of his concentration were fantastic. When battling a recalcitrant problem, he worried it as an animal worries its prey. Often, when we found ourselves up against a seemingly insuperable difficulty, he would stand up, put his pipe on the table, and say in his quaint English, "I will a little tink" (he could not pronounce "th"). Then he would pace up and down, twirling a lock of his long, graying hair around his forefinger.A dreamy, faraway and yet inward look would come over his face. There was no appearance ofconcentration, no furrowing of the brow - only a placid inner communion. The minutes would pass, and then suddenly Einstein would stop pacing as his face relaxed into a gentle smile. He had found the solution to the problem. Sometimes it was so simple that Infeld and I could have kicked ourselves for not having thought of it. But the magic had been performed invisible in the depths of Einstein's mind, by a process we could not fathom.Einstein was an accomplished amateur musician. We used to play duets, he on the violin, I at the piano. One day he surprised me by saying Mozart was the greatest composer of all. Beethoven "created" his music, but the music of Mozart was of such purity and beauty one felt he had merely "found" it - that it had always existed as part of the inner beauty of the Universe, waiting to be revealed.It was this very Mozartean simplicity that most characterized Einstein's methods. His 1905 theory of relativity, for example, was built on just two simple assumptions. One is the so-called principle of relativity, which means, roughly speaking, that we cannot tell whether we are at rest or moving smoothly. The other assumption is the speed of light is the same no matter what the speed of the object that produces it. You can see how reasonable this is if you think of agitating a stick in a lake to create waves. Whether you wiggle the stick from a stationary pier, or from a rushing speedboat, the waves, once generated, are on their own, and their speed has nothing to do with that of the stick.Each of these assumptions, by itself, was so plausible as to seem primitively obvious. But together they were in such violent conflict that a lesser man would have dropped one or the other and fled in panic. Einstein daringly kept both - and by so doing he revolutionized physics. For he demonstrated they could, after all, exist peacefully side by side, provided we gave up cherished beliefs about the nature of time.Science is like a house of cards, with concepts like time and space at the lowest level. Tampering with time brought most of the house tumbling down, and it was this that made Einstein's work so important and controversial. At a conference in Princeton in honour of his 70th birthday, one of the speakers, a Nobel Prize-winner, tried to convey the magical quality of Einstein's achievement. Words failed him, and with a shrug of helplessness he pointed to his wristwatch, and said in tones of awed amazement, "It all came from this." His very ineloquence made this the most eloquent tribute I have heard to Einstein's genius.There was something elusively whimsical about Einstein. It is illustrated by my favorite anecdote about him. In his first year in Princeton, on Christmas Eve, so the story goes, some children sang carols outside his house. Having finished, they knocked on his door and explained they were collecting money to buy Christmas presents. Einstein listened, then said, "Wait a moment." He put on his overcoat, and took his violin from its case. Then, joining the children as they went from door to door, he accompanied their singing of "Silent Night" on his violin.How shall I sum up what it meant to have known Einstein and his works? Like the Nobel Prize-winner who pointed helplessly at his watch, I can find no adequate words. It was akin to the revelation of great art that lets one see what was formerly hidden. And when, for example, I walk on the sand of a lonely beach, I am reminded of his ceaseless search for cosmic simplicity - and the scene takes on a deeper beauty.。
My.friend.Albert.Einstein.练习答案
• • • • • • • • •
Traffic decreases on holidays. 节假日行人车辆减少了。 Lack of success decreases confidence. 失败使信心渐减。 Use your seat belt to lessen the danger of injury in an accident. 系上座椅安全带，减少交通事故中受伤的危险。 His appetite lessens as his illness progresses. 随着病情的加重，他的食欲下降了。 Reduce emphasizes bringing down, as in size, degree, or intensity:
• Reduce 强调在大小、程度或强度方面下降或减 少： • The workers reduced their wage demands. • 工人们降低了他们在工资方面的要求。 • Dwindle suggests decreasing bit by bit to a vanishing point: • Dwindle 含有一点一点减少直到消失的意思： • Their savings dwindled away. • 他们的积蓄一点点地消耗殆尽了。 • Abate stresses a decrease in amount or intensity and suggests a reduction of excess:
• Diminish implies taking away or removal: • Diminish 含有拿走或除去的意思： • An occasional outburst didn't diminish my respect for her. • 偶尔的一次发火并未减少我对她的尊敬。 • The warden's authority diminished after the revolt. • 典狱长的权威在动乱后下降了。 • Subside implies a falling away to a more normal level: • Subside 含有降到一个更正常的水平的意思： • The wild enthusiasm the team's victory aroused did not subside. • 那支球队的胜利所激起的狂热之情没 grin
新编英语教程5Unit 3
paragraph 4
vestige: a trace of something that is disappearing or no longer exists
E.g.: With the overthrow of the monarchy, all vestiges of feudalism are gone.
Examples： He visited the exhibition and stood in awe of the fossils
of prehistoric animals． The audience listened to the learned philosopher in
awe．
My Friend, Albert Einstein
My Friend, Albert Einstein
Paragraph 1
instinctively: intuitively，直觉地，本能 地
extraordinary：unusual
My Friend, Albert Einstein
Paragraph 1
In Hoffmann’s opinion “simplicity” is the best word to describe the essence of Einstein’s character. The abstract notion of simplicity is explained by a phrase in the first paragraph. Which is it? Knack for going instinctively to the heart of a matter.
My Friend, Albert Einstein
My Friend, Albert Einsteinby Banesh HoffmanHe was one of the greatest scientists the world has ever known, yet if I had to convey the essence of Albert Einstein in a single word, I would choose simplicity. Perhaps an anecdote will help. Once, caught in a downpour, he took of his hat and held it under his coat. Asked why, he explained, with admirable logic, that the rain would damage the hat, but his hair would be none the worse for its wetting. This knack for going instinctively to the heart of a matter was the secret of his major scientific discoveries--this and his extraordinary feeling for beauty.I first met Albert Einstein in 1935, at the famous Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, N.J. He had been among the first to be invited to the Institute, and was offered carte blanche as to salary. To the director's dismay, Einstein asked for impossible sum: it was far too small. The director had to plead with him to accept a large salary.I was in awe of Einstein, and hesitated before approaching him about some ideas had been working on .When I finally knocked at his door, a gentle voice said, "Come"---with a rising inflection that made the single word both a welcome and a question. I entered his office and found him seated at a table, calculating and smoking his pipe. Dressed in ill-fitting clothes, his hair characteristically awry, he smiled a warm welcome. His utter naturalness at once set me at ease.As I began to explain my ideas, he asked me to write the questions on the blackboard so he could see how they developed. Then came the staggering--and altogether endearing--request: "Please go slowly. I do not understand things quickly." This from Einstein! He said it gently, and I laughed. From then on, all vestiges of fear were gone.Einstein was born in 1879 in the German city of Ulm. He had been no infant prodigy: indeed, he was so late in learning to speak that his parents feared he was a dullard. In school, though his teachers saw no special talent in him, the signs were already there. He taught himself calculus, for example, and his teacher seemed a little afraid of him because he asked questions they could not answer. At the age of 16, he asked himself whether a light wave would seem stationary if one ran abreast of it. From that innocent question would arise, ten years later, his theory of relativity. Einstein failed his entrance examinations at the Swiss Federal Polytechnic School, in Zurich, but was admitted a year later. There he went beyond his regular work to study the masterworks of physics on his own. Rejected when he applied for academic positions, he ultimately found work, in 1902, as a patent examiner in Berne, and there in 1905 his genius burst into fabulous flower.Among the extraordinary things he produced in that memorable year were his theoryof relativity, with its famous offshoot, E=mc2 8(energy equals mass times the speed oflight squared), and his quantum theory of light. These two theories were not only revolutionary, but seemingly contradictory: the former was intimately linked to the theory that light consists of waves, while the latter said it consists somehow of particles. Yet this unknown young man boldly proposed both at once---and he was right in both cases, though how he could have been is far too complex a story to tell here.Collaborating with Einstein was an unforgettable experience. In 1937, the Polish physicist Leopold Infeld and I asked if we could work with him. He was pleased with the proposal, since he had an idea about gravitation waiting to be worked out in detail. Thus we got to know not merely the man and the friend, but also the professional.The intensity and depth of his concentration were fantastic. When battling a recalcitrant problem, he worried it as an animal worries its prey. Often, when we found ourselves up against a seemingly insuperable difficulty, he would stand up, put his pipe on the table, and say in his quaint English, "I will a little tink" (he could not pronounce "th"). Then he would pace up and down, twirling a lock of his long, graying hair around his forefinger.A dreamy, faraway and yet inward look would come over his face. There was no appearance of concentration, no furrowing of the brow---only a placid inner communion. The minutes would pass, and then suddenly Einstein would stop pacing as his face relaxed into a gentle smile. He had found the solution to the problem. Sometimes it was so simple that Infeld and I could have kicked ourselves for not having thought of it. But the magic had been performed invisibly in the depths of Einstein's mind, by a process we could not fathom.When his wife died he was deeply shaken, but insisted that now more than ever was the time to be working hard. I remember going to his house to work with him during that sad time. His face was haggard and grief-lined, but he put forth a great effort to concentrate. To help him, I steered the discussion away from routine matters into more difficult theoretical problems,and Einstein gradually became absorbed in the discussion. We kept at it for some two hours, and at the end his eyes were no longer sad. As I left, he thanked me with moving sincerity. "It was fun, "he said. He had had a moment of surcease from grief, and then groping words expressed a deep emotion.Einstein was an accomplished amateur musician. We used to play duets, he on the violin, I at the piano. One day he surprised me by saying Mozart was the greatest composer of all. Beethoven "created" his music, but the music of Mozart was of such purity and beauty one felt he had merely "found "it---that it had always existed as part of the inner beauty of the Universe, waiting to be revealed.It was this very Mozartean simplicity that most characterized Einstein's methods. His 1905 theory of relativity, for example, was built on just two simple assumptions. One is the so-called principle of relativity, which means, roughly speaking, that we cannot tell whether we are at rest or moving smoothly. The other assumption is that the speed of light is the same no matter what the speed of the object that produces it. You can see how reasonable this is if you think of agitating a stick in a lake to create waves. Whether you wiggle the stick from a stationary pier, or from a rushing speedboat, the waves, once generated, are on their own, and their speed has nothing to do with that of the stick.Each of these assumptions, by itself, was so plausible as to seem primitively obvious. But together they were in such violent conflict that a lesser man would have dropped one or the other and fled in panic. Einstein daringly kept both---and by so doing he revolutionized physics. For he demonstrated they could, after all, exist peacefully side by side, provided we gave up cherished beliefs about the nature of time.Science is like a house of cards, with concepts like time and space at the lowest level. Tampering with time brought most of the house tumbling down, and it was this thatmade Einstein's work so important---and controversial. At a conference in Princeton in honor of his 70th birthday, one of the speakers, a Nobel Prize winner, tried to convey the magical quality of Einstein's achievement. Words failed with him, and with a shrug of helplessness he pointed to his wristwatch, and said in tones of awed amazement, "It all came from this." His very ineloquence made this the most eloquent tribute I have heard to Einstein's genius----Einstein's work, performed quietly with pencil and paper, seemed remote from the turmoil of everyday life: but his ideas were so revolutionary they caused violent controversy and irrational anger. Indeed in order to be able to award him a belated Nobel Prize, the selection committee had to avoid mentioning relativity, and pretend the prize was awarded primarily for his work on the quantum theory.Political events upset the serenity of his life even more. When the Nazis came to power in Germany, his theories were officially declared false because they had been formulated by a Jew. His property was confiscated, and it is said a price was put on his head.When scientists in the United States, fearful that the Nazis might develop an atomic bomb, sought to alert American authorities to the danger, they were scarcely heeded. In desperation, they drafted a letter which Einstein signed and sent directly to President Roosevelt. It was this act that led to the fateful decision to go all-out on the production of an atomic bomb---an endeavor in which Einstein took no active part. When he heard of the agony and destruction that his E=mc2 had wrought, he was dismayed beyond measure and from then on there was a look of ineffable sadness in his eyes.There was something elusively whimsical about Einstein. It is illustrated by my favorite anecdote about him. In his first year in Princeton, on Christmas Eve, so the story goes,some children sang carols outside his house. Having finished, they knocked on his door and explained they were collecting money to buy Christmas presents. Einstein listened, then said, "Wait a moment." He put on his scarf and overcoat, and took his violin from its case. Then, joining the children as they went from door to door, he accompanied their singing of "Silent Night "on his violin.How shall I sum up what it meant to have known Einstein and his works? Like the Nobel Prize winner who pointed helpless at his watch, I can find no adequate words. It was asking to the revelation of great art that lets one see what was formerly hidden. And when, for example, I walk on the sand of a lonely beach, I am reminded of his ceaseless search for cosmic simplicity---and the scene takes on a deeper, sadder beauty.NOTES:The Author---Banesh Hoffmann (1906- ), English mathematician and physicist, author and teacher, received his B.A. degree from Oxford, and completed his Ph.D. at Princeton University, U.S.A. For more than forty years (1937-1977), Hoffmann was a professor of mathematics at Queens College in Flushing, New York. As a member of Princeton's Institute for Advanced Study, he became a colleague of A. Einstein. In collaboration with Helen Dukas, Einstein's personal secretary, Hoffman wrote two highly praised works: Albert Einstein: Creator and Rebek (1973), a biography that centers on Einstein the theoretical physicist, and Albert Einstein : The Human Side (1979)1. Albert Einstein (1879-1955),German-American physicist, was one of the few scientists whose work had changed man's total view of the world. He was born in Ulm, Germany, of Jewish parents. He graduated from the Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland, in 1900; and obtained his doctorate at the University of Zurich in 1905,and that was when he evolved the special theory of relativity. For his work in theoretical physics, notably on the photoelectric effect, he was awarded the Nobel Prize in physics in 1921.When Hitler became chancellor of Germany in 1933, Einstein was visiting professor at the California Institute of Technology,U.S.A. His property in Germany was confiscated by the Nazi government in 1934 and he was deprived of his German citizenship. He accepted a post at the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, U.S.A. in 1933, and from which he retired in 1945. Five years earlier, in 1940,he became an American citizen. During the Second World War, at the request of a group of scientists, he wrote to U.S. President F.D. Roosevelt in 1939 to stress the urgency of investigating the possible use of atomic energy in bombs, although one of his chief interests was facifism. More about Albert Einstein's life can be found in the essay.2. Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton N.J.---This is a special institute of higherlearning and research located at Princeton ,New Jersey, U.S.A. Open only to a small number of scholars who already have their doctoral degrees, the institute consists of four schools: Mathematics, Natural Sciences, Social Sciences, and Historical Studies. No courses are offered, but seminars are held in mathematics and physics. Members are all engaged in their own research. No degrees are awarded by the institute. Admission to the institute is by invitation or by application and is granted by vote of the faculty. The number of members is usually kept below 150.Approximately half the members come from Europe and Asia. The institute opened in 1933 with Albert Einstein as head of the School of Mathematics.3. carte blanche / ka:t bla:nf/ --- a blank sheet of paper that is signed and given by the signer to another person to write in what he pleases, especially one's own terms for an agreement4. Ulm--a port in southern Germany, on the Danube5. theory of relativity----Einstein's theory of relativity introduced to science the conceptof "relativity"--the notion that there is no absolute motion in the universe, only relative motion---thus superseding the 200-year-old theory of mechanics of Sir Isaac Newton, which holds that the laws of mechanics are the same for all uniformly moving systems. Einstein extended this concept to include the laws describing the motion of light and to regard space-time as a fourth dimension .In other words, space and time are relative, rather than absolute and independent entities.6. the Swiss Federal Polytechnic School in Zurich /zjuerik/---The two institutions of higher learning in Zurich are the University of Zurich (1833) and the Federal Institute of Technology (1855).They have an annual enrolment of about 30,000 students, including a large number of foreign students. Standards of both institutions are high and both bodies are major international research centers. Zurich is the leading industrial and financial centers of Switzerland and the largest city in the country.7. a patent examiner in Berne----Einstein was "Probationary Technical Expert, Third Class "at the Swiss Patent Office at Berne from 1902 to 1909.His job there was to check the technical descriptions in the application for patents.8. E=mc2---This is perhaps the most important equation in science. E stands for energy, m for mass, and c 2 for the speed of light multiplied by itself. The formula shows that matter (material or substance) ,if entirely changed to energy such as heat or light, produces an unbelievable amount of energy. In other words, the amount of energy in any object depends on its mass and the speed of light. It is this question that made possible the production of the atomic bomb and the use of nuclear energy,9. quantum theory of light---This is also known as the theory of photoelectric effect. It was Einstein who develop the quantum theory by postulating (1905)light quanta (called photons by Einstein),comparable to energy quanta, and on these based his explanation of the photoelectric effect.10. "I will a little tink"--"I will think a little"11. "It was a fun"---"It was fun"12. His 1905 theory of relativity --This is the special theory of relativity. Einstein also formulated the general theory of relativity (1916), which is concerned with acceleration and gravitation.13. ----provided we gave up cherished beliefs about the nature of time---It was believed earlier that time and space were two absolute entities independent of each other ,but Einstein considered them relative to each other,14. Tampering with time---and controversial---It was Einstein who first brought forth the element of time to the theory of relativity.15. he pointed to his wristwatch, and said in tones of awed amazement, "It all came from this."---What the speaker meant was that Einstein's great achievement had all come from his inclusion of time in formulating his theory of relativity.16. a price was put on his head --- a reward was offered for his capture or death.17. President Roosevelt----Franklin Delano Roosevelt (1882-1945),U.S. Democratic statesman and the 32nd president of the U.S.(1933-1945),He played an important part in Allied policy during the Second World War.18."Silent Night"---These are the first two words of the song "Holy Night", which is sungby Christians on Christmas Eve commemorating the birth of Jesus Christ.WORDS:1. simplicity:/sim'pliseti/n. 1,the quality of being easy to understand, do or use: We all admired the simplicity of the plan. 2, the quality of having no decoration or unnecessary extra things; being natural and not complicated: I like the simplicity of her paintings.simplify v./simplification n./simplistic adj. (making a problem, situation, etc. seem less difficult and complicated than it really is )/simple/simply2. anecdote: /'anikdout/ n. a short interesting story about a real person or event.anecdotal /anik'doutl/ adj. based on ANECDOTES and possibly not true or accurate: The newspaper's "monster shark" story was based on anecdotal evidence.3. knack n.(informal) : knack (of / for doing sth) --skill or ability to do sth(difficult)that you have naturally or you can learn :Knitting isn't difficult once you've got the knack of it.4. carte blanche : n.f. 1,证件,卡,券,票:la carte d'identite'身份证 / carte de cre'dit 信用卡 2,carte (postale )明信片3,carte (de ge'ographie)地图4,[常用复数]jouer aux cartes打牌 5,[只有单数]la carte菜单 #donner(laisser) carte blanche a' qn 给某人充分自由[去选择或决定...]5. dismay /dis'mei/ n.a strong feeling of disappointment and sadness: I realized to my dismay thatI was going to miss the plan.dismay v.(usually passive) :I was dismayed to hear that my old school had been knocked down.7. plead: v. 1,plead (with sb)(to do/for sth) : to ask sb for sth in a very strong and serious way--She pleaded with him not to leave her. / He pleaded for mercy.fabulous: adj.1,very good ,excellent : It was a fabulous concert. 2,very great : fabulous wealth / riches/beauty.。
myfriend爱因斯坦（我的朋友爱因斯坦）
my friend爱因斯坦（我的朋友爱因斯坦）My Friend, Albert Einstein (my friend, Albert, Einstein)2006-02-27 14:01:00 Author: /Banesh Hoffmann translation / Chaoyang Chaoyang Source: The Bedford Reader?? Click: 7146My friend Albert? EinsteinEinstein is the greatest scientist, if you use a word to describe him to reach the acme of perfection that is "sincere". An ion is able to display his outspoken Einstein: in turn, it encountered heavy rain, he took off his hat to hide in the clothes. Asked why, he logically said, heavy rain back to the bad hat, take off his hat, hair is nothing to do with the shower. What is the essence of the word entry?. It is this character, and his extraordinary sense of beauty, that is the secret of his great scientific discovery.The first time I saw Einstein was in 1935, in the famous high school in New Jersey, Princeton. He was one of the earliest scholars invited by the Academy, and the salary was filled by him himself. To the dean's disappointment, Einstein filled in too little salary, and the Dean had to ask mr..I revere Einstein very much. Once, I was studying a problem, and I had to consult mr.. Before I left, I was still melancholy. When I finally knocked at the door of my house, I heard a gentle "come in"!" - the tone rose slightly, with the tone of welcome and inquiry. I walked into the office and saw Mr. sitting at the table, smoking and doing calculations. He some messy hair, a pair of careless about dressing. He smiled to me and nodded,plain face that I immediately eliminate the tension.I began to explain my ideas. He asked me to write the formula on the blackboard so that I could see that there was no development step. "Please speak slowly, I accept very slowly." The request of Mr. makes me stunned, also makes me feel warm. It came out of Einstein's mouth, and it was so mild! I smiled. All the restraints are gone.Working with Einstein makes me forget for the rest of my life. In 1937 I and Poland physicist Leopold Infeld? Request and Mr. He promised to work together happily. At that time, his idea of universal gravitation was to be further studied and proved. After this, the work that we not only close to stay together morning and night, and understood as a person, as a friend of Einstein, a better understanding of Einstein as a scientist.The focus of Einstein's research is unparalleled. He is like a beast trying to get food. When we are in an almost insurmountable predicament, Einstein used to stand up, put his pipe down, with his funny English say "I think" (he is not "th" the sound, so the "think" as "tink"). Said in the house back and forth, the forefinger kept twirling his hair.Einstein was dreamy trance, calm thinking, do not touch their brains. Time passed by, and suddenly he stopped and smiled with a smile, and the solution came out. Sometimes the solution is very simple, and I feld did not think of, we just want to kick himself. Sir, this invisible magic is something we can never reach.My wife died of MR is a heavy blow, but this did not affect his work flow. I remember going to his house to work with him during that sad day. He was tired and sad, but he continued to work hard. I try to avoid him and talked about family, but with him to discuss difficult theoretical problems, help him to forget the grief. Einstein slowly sank into the discussion and no longer showed sadness in his eyes. We talked for more than two hours, and when he said goodbye, he thanked me very much for his sincerity and said to me, "your question is very interesting."." He temporarily forgot his grief, sought words, sought sentences, and expressed his deep feelings.Einstein was not a religious rite or a religious organization, but he was the most devout man I ever met.He once said to me, "the idea comes from God." it was filled with respect for god. "The God is elusive, but God has no malice" engraved in German on the marble fireplace of the mathematical building of Princeton University is his scientific creed. Einstein is saying that scientists work hard maybe, but not hopeless misty. The universe is ordered, God will not be confused with deliberate paradoxes and contradictions we.Einstein was also an excellent amateur musician. We often play two duet together. He plays the violin, and I play the piano. Once he said that Mozart was the greatest composer, and I was surprised. He explained that Beethoven "created" music, but the music of Mozart's pure beautiful, amazing, is he "discovered" music, found that the universe itself is waiting for the human story, to show the inner beauty.The simplicity of the Mozart style is the typical Einstein method. The theory of relativity established by Einstein in 1905 is based on two simple hypotheses. One is the so-called relative principle, simply speaking, is that we cannot determine whether we are stationary or moving smoothly. Another hypothesis is that the speed of light is the same regardless of the speed of the material that produces it. If you stir with a stick in the lake and observe the waves in the lake, you can see the rationality of the hypothesis. No matter in the stationary pier, or stirring in a speedboat sped a wave once generated, according to its own propagation speed, the speed has nothing to do with a stick.The two hypotheses are clear and reasonable. But to keep them together, contradictory, enough to make the coward give up the imagination, run away. Einstein bravely explored two hypotheses his efforts led to a revolution in physics. He has proved that if we give up the inherent understanding of the nature of time, the two can coexist peacefully.Science is like a house built by a child playing cards, and the concept of time and space is the foundation of this house. We used on the concept of time is distorted, the whole house almost collapsed. Because of this, Einstein's work is particularly important, but also particularly controversial. In Princeton Einstein seventy birthday celebration, a Nobel prize winning and finally in trying to describe Einstein the great achievement of magic failed, shrug, a wristwatch, very surprised and said, "everything comes from it!" He was so inarticulate that I heard the most eloquent compliment to Einstein's genius.Einstein to fame but less to avoid take things calmly. Wherever he went, he was immediately recognized. On an autumn Saturday, Einstein and I were talking about a technical problem at Princeton University. On the way, parents and graduates are streaming into the stadium, looking forward to the upcoming football match. When we walked in, they stopped suddenly. They recognized Mr., and immediately looked solemn, as if suddenly walked into another world. But Einstein didn't find anything unusual, and he continued his discussion without knowing anything.Don't think Einstein is only the deepest aspects of science. In fact, he often finds scientific principles in the trivial details of everyday life, which are often overlooked. Once he asked me if I had thought about a problem: stepping on dry or soaking sand, the feet would sink, but the semi wet sand surface was very strong. Why is that? I could not answer, his answer is surprisingly simple.This, he says, is the surface tension, the result of the elastic surface of the liquid surface. Drops of water condensate is because of surface tension. Sometimes we see that two light beads on the window meet together and immediately dissolve into a big water drop, which is also the result of surface tension.Einstein explained that when the sand is semi wet, there is a small amount of moisture between the grains of sand. The surface tension of the water makes the sand and sand adhere to each other, and the friction force makes the sand particles difficult to move after bonding. When the sandy soil is dry,There is no moisture between the grains. When the sand is soaked, there is water between the grains, but not the surface of the water.It's not a matter of relativity, but it's hard to predict that this seemingly simple little problem will prompt a Einstein to make a big discovery. From this little sand problem, we see how deep and creative Einstein is, and how clear and concise the train of thought is.。
最新My friend, Albert Einstein课文讲解精品课件
This knack for going instinctively to the heart of a matter was the secret of his major scientific discoveries --- this and his extraordinary feeling for beauty.
SA: Knack for going instinctively to the heart of a matter.
第十页，共75页。
❖ What is the main idea of this paragraph? ❖ It introduces the main idea of the article, that the
第七页，共75页。
Paragraph 1
knack: a special skill or ability, usually the result of practice n. 诀窍；本领；熟练技术； 巧妙手法
E.g.: She has a knack of doing sums in her head, however complicated they may be. a knack of the trade 做买卖的诀窍
第十四页，共75页。
Paragraph 3
be in awe of: also stand in awe of, have respect as well as fear and reverence for 敬畏(jìngwèi)（某 人）
My Friend, Albert Einstein (我的朋友阿尔伯特爱因斯坦)
My Friend, Albert Einstein （我的朋友阿尔伯特?爱因斯坦）2006-02-27 14:01:00????作者：文/Banesh Hoffmann 译/何朝阳????来源：The Bedford Reader????点击数：7146我的朋友阿尔伯特?爱因斯坦爱因斯坦是历史上最伟大的科学家，如果用一个词出神入化地描述他，那就是“率真”。
有个离子很能表现他的率真：依次，爱因斯坦突遇大雨，他脱下帽子将其藏在衣内。
问及为什么这样，他很有逻辑地结实说，大雨回淋坏帽子，脱下帽子，头发受淋没什么关系。
真是一语切入问题实质。
正是这种人品素质，以及他对美的非凡感受，才是奠定他重大科学发现的秘诀。
第一次见到爱因斯坦，是1935年，在新泽西州普林斯顿那所著名的高级研究院里。
他是受研究院邀请最早的学者之一，薪金任他自己填写。
可令院长失望的是，爱因斯坦填写的薪金太少了，院长不得不恳请先生多填一些。
我非常敬畏爱因斯坦。
一次，我正在研究一个问题，必须向先生请教。
临行前，我一直犹忧郁豫。
当我终于敲响先生的屋门时，听到一声温和的“请进！”-------声调微微上扬，透着欢迎和询问的语气。
我走进办公室，见先生坐在桌前，一边吸烟一边做计算。
他头发有些凌乱，一副不修边幅的样子。
他对我颔首微笑，平易的面容使我立即消除了紧张感。
我开始解释自己的想法。
他让我把公式写在黑板上，以便能看明白没一个发展步骤。
“请你慢慢说，我接受力很慢。
”先生的请求令我愕然，也使我倍感亲切。
这话竟出自爱因斯坦之口，而且说得那么温和！我笑了。
所有的拘束荡然无存。
与爱因斯坦合作让我终身不忘。
1937年我和波兰物理学家奥波德?英费尔德请求与先生一起工作，他愉快地答应了。
当时，他的万有引力设想正待进一步研究和证明。
这以后，工作中的朝夕相处，使我们不仅接近和了解了作为人，作为朋友的爱因斯坦，更了解了作为科学家的爱因斯坦。
爱因斯坦研究之专注，是无与伦比的。
My Friend, Albert Einstein.
What do you know about Einstein?
• “My life is a simple thing that would interest no one. It is a known fact that I was born and that is all that is necessary.” • Was born in Ulm, Germany, 1879 • Was slow to learn to speak ; did not do well in elementary school; could not stand organized learning; loathed( 厌恶）taking exams 厌恶）taking • “Special Theory of Relativity”(狭义相对论), Relativity”(狭义相对论), E=MC2 , 1905 • “General Theory of Relativity”(广义相对论)， Relativity”(广义相对论) 1916 • Earned the Nobel Prize for Physics, 1921 •
Unit four
• My friend, Albert Einstein
• Person of the Century------Time Century------Time • “The would has changed far more in the past 100 years than in any other century in history. The reason is not political or economic, but technological----technologies technological----technologies that flowed directly from advances in basic science…Clearly, no scientist better represents those advances than Albert Einstein.” ------Stephen ------Stephen Hawking
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