Tense and Aspect
英语最基本十二种时态配例句详解
英语最基本十二种时态配例句详解Tense and aspect, although they are two different categories, always appear together. There are six tenses and two aspects in English. With reference to tense and aspect, we can speak about the following structures in practical usage. All English Tenses with Examples!时态和体虽然是两个不同的范畴，但总是同时出现的。
英语有六个时态和两个方面。
关于时态和体，我们可以在实际使用中谈一下以下结构。
全英语时态举例。
(Note: progressive aspect is often called continuous.)(注：进行体通常称为连续体。
)NO. 1、present simple一般现在时Tenses: Present Simple (present tense + common aspect)时态：现在简单(现在时态+共同体)Affirmative肯定句Affirmative: Subject + Base Form of the Verb肯定句：主语+动词的基本形式*note: for 3rd Person Singular (he/ she/ it) add ‘s’ to the base form*注：对于第三人称单数(he/she/it)，在基表中添加“s”I/ You/ We/ They work in a bank.我/你/我们/他们在银行工作。
He/ She works in a bank.他/她在银行工作。
Negative否定句Negative: Subject + don’t/ doesn’t + Base Form of the Verb动词：主语+don’t/ doesn’t +动词的基本形式I/ You/ We/ They don’t (do not) work.我/你/我们/他们不工作。
08_tense and aspect
一般现在时表示过去
在叙述事情时，把过去动作现在化，使之更生动 - historical present (历史现在时)，也用在新闻标题和图片说明中 e.g. Mallinson enters. The girls immediately pretend to be working hard.
表示互通信息的动词 – hear, learn, read, say, see, tell, write 说话人的注意力不在说话的时间而在动词所表示的事 实或动作结果 e.g. Alice tells me you are entering college next year. 引述历史人物，作家，书报观点或事实 e.g. Marx maintains that man’s social being determines his thinking.
★ ★ ★ Lecture 8
Tense and Aspect
8.0 Introduction
Tense – 时：表示时间区别的动词形式，英语中只有 “现在时”和“过去时”，没有进化出能与“两时”平 起平坐的“将来时”。 “时”是采取屈折形式表示(-s, -ed)，所谓的“将来时” 采用will, shall,从本质上来说是“情态助动词” 所以：英语动词没有将来时，也没有过去将来时 Aspect – 体：表示一个动作处于何种状态或以什么方 式存在，英语中有“进行体”和“完成体”。 “体”是采用分析形式表示(be + V-ing, have + Vpp)
A. B. C. D.
Warming-up Exercise - 4
I ____ to help you but I was very busy then. wanted was wanting had wanted would want
Tense and Aspect
Tense and Aspect of the VerbsTime : a universal concept including past , now , future Tense : a grammatical form to express time linguistically Present tense , Past tenseFuture tense is expressed in other ways .Aspect : a grammatical formSimple PresentForm : is , am , areDo , doesUsage1.recurrent /habitual actionEg : He always sleeps with his windows open .2.Present stateEg : father doesn’t smoke .3.Facts , truths , proverbEg : The earth rotate on its axis .London stands on the River Thames .4.Momentary /instantaneous action(现时动作或现在瞬间动作) (1)持续性，静态动词Eg :Someone is at the door .What do you think?(2)体育的实况报道或戏法表演，技术操作等表演中(3)日常用语(agree apologize promise suggest)Eg : I wish you all a happy new year .5.Past actionEg : Alice tells me that you are entering college next year . 6.Future action(1)I hope you have a good time .I bet it rains tomorrow .(2) I’ll see (to it)/make sure/make certain that you don’t get lost.7.Adverbial of time /conditionEg : If it is fine tomorrow , we will go to the countryside .Simple PastForm : was /wereDidUsage1.An action in the past taking place once , several timesEg : We visit a factory last Friday .He left ten minutes ago .2.Actions taking place one after another or in the middle of (the other ) another actionEg :3.Hypothetical /attitudinal pastEg :If you had the money now , I’d buy a car .Suppose they didn’t believe it , how would we convince them?He looks as if he was sick .4.Attitudinal past(1)委婉口气(want , wonder , think , hope )Eg : Did you want me ?I wondered if you would give me a piece of advice .(2)主观设想(it’s time/i wish /i’d rather )Eg :It’s time you had a holiday .I wish you lived closer to us .Present tenseForm : be doingUsage1.Limited duration(有限持续性)Eg : We are all waiting for you .I’m writing a letter .2.Incompletion (未完成性)Eg :3.Temporariness(临时性)Eg :He is working in a chemical factory these days .He is now living in Shanghai .4.Emotional(感情色彩)Eg :You are continually finding fault with me .She is always borrowing money from me and forgetting to pay me back .5.Future plan(Eg :I’m going to Shanghai for the summer vocation .When is he taking his holiday ?6.The pastEg :You knowing I’m telling the truth .I don’t know what they are talking about .7.Politeness(委婉)Eg :I’m hoping you will give us some advice .I’m wondering if I may have a word with you .。
Chapter 5下Tense and aspect时态和体
•
My wife has been to Beijing twice.
• b.现在完成时 vs 一般过去时
• 它们都可以表示过去发生的动作，但是一般现在时表示 动作已完成，跟现在无关；现在完成时动作可能完成， 也可能继续进行，对现在有影响。
• 5.2.1 Present progressive 现在进行体
• 现在进行体可以表示延续性、同时性、短暂性、未 完成性、生动性和强调等。(P121) • 构成：be + v-ing
• a.现在进行体指现在
• 1.表示现在(说话时刻)正在进行的动作
• eg: Why are you driving so fast? Slow down!
•
He has left for Britain.(已完成，现在不在原地)
• 若动作未完成，则可与现在完成进行时替换。
• eg: He has been living here for ten years.
• d. 与现在完成时连用的状语和结构
• 如：since, already, yet, just, now, recently, before, up to now......(现在完成时的标志) • eg:I have read this book already.(“已经”，肯定句) • I have not read this book yet.(“还没”,否定句/疑问 句)
• eg: The music sounds relagressive 过去进行时
• 跟现在进行体相似，表示延续性、同时性、短暂性、未 完成性或者性格习惯等，只是在过去范畴内的动作。
英语各种常用时态
Great minds thinks alike.
一般现在时（Present Simple ）
（2）人们经常性、习惯性的活动或者状态 She often goes to the gym. Ken is always late for class. I like listening to the music of Mayday.
3 主句用完成时态，从句用since引导，从句要用过
去时。
I have lived near the West Lake since I changed my job.
一般将来时（Future Simple ）
表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划
或者准备做某事。一、wiLeabharlann l/shall + 动词原形
She brushes her teeth at least twice a day.
一般现在时（Present Simple ）
（1）不受时间限制的科学事实、客观真理、谚语格
言，以及用于概括、结论、观点等。
The world is round, not flat.
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
时态 Tense and Aspect
Fay
英语时态（Tense and Aspect ）
Tense (时)：规定事情发生的时间
过去
现在
将来
现在时（present） 过去时（past）
将来时（future）
Aspect（态）:
过去将来时（past future）
规定动作完成的程度，反应说话者对事物的态度 简单体（simple） 完成体（perfect） 进行时（continuous） 完成进行体（perfect continuous）
章振邦英语语法第五版Tense and Aspect
Past, present, future
[now] PAST TIME
[preceding now]
FUTURE TIME
[following now]
PRESENT TIME
[including now]
On this semantic level of interpretation, ‘present’ is the most general and unmarked category. Albatrosses were large birds.<marked> The speaker does not commit himself to the continuation of the past state of affairs it describes into the present, while it does not exclude the possibility of such a continuation. It is possible to assert: Albatrosses were, are, and always will be large birds.
Eternal present Habitual behavior Temporary habit Momentary behavior Instantaneous behavior Behavior of the present moment
Eternal truths
• Using the simple present to the stative verbs to express eternal truths or proverbs, as well as in scientific, mathematical, geographical and other statements made for all time. • E.g. • Honesty is the best policy. A rolling stone gathers no moss.
Tense and Aspect(I)动词的时态
15. John tells me that there was a car accident last night. 16. The crowd swarms around the gateway, and excitement grows as the pop star appears.
To express the present effect of information received in the past
4. Uses of past progressive (1) to denote an action in progress at a definite point or period of past time e.g. I was having my breakfast when the morning post came.
(2) to denote a past habitual action e.g. George was getting up at five every day that week. (3) to denote futurity in the past (4) to make polite requests and express hypothetical meanings
1tense and aspect
• 11. Our company doesn’t always make very high profits. • 16. The earth revolves round the sun. • 地球公转earth revolution；revolution of the earth revolve/rotate on the axis自转 • 18. The Thames flows through London. • 19. I usually vote for a Democrat, but my roommate almost always votes for a Republican. • 20. It is an ill wind that blows nobody good.
• Tense and Aspect时和体
• rotate [rəu'teit, 'rəuteit] vi. 旋转；循环vt. 使旋 转；使转动rotation • axis ['æ ksis] n. 轴；轴线；轴心国 • hydrogen ['haidrədʒən] n. 氢 • roll [rəul] vt. 卷；滚动，转动 • moss [mɔs] n. 苔藓；泥沼 • hiking ['haikiŋ] n. 徒步旅行
• • • • •
7. Rome was not built in a day. 8. A rolling stone gathers no moss. 9. Practice makes perfect. 10. He who laughs last laughs best. 11. One good turn deserves another.
• blade [bleid] n. 叶片；刀片 • wink 英[wɪŋk] 美[wɪŋk]vi. 眨眼；使眼色；闪烁 n. 眨眼；使眼色 • pull off. 扯下；撕开 • raft [rɑ:ft, ræft] n. 筏；救生艇 • settle down 安定下来shore [ʃɔ:] 海滨 • grateful ['ɡreitful] adj.感谢的 • might [mait] n. 力量；威力；势力 • bare 光秃的;赤裸的;赤手空拳的
7.tenseandaspect
Simple present
✓Simple present is often used in the following situation.
1. Timeless present The earth rotates on its axis. Hydrogen is the lightest element. A rolling stone gathers no moss. London stands on the River Thames.
years.
In those days they sowed wheat by hand. He worked in a bank all his life. The boy sold newspapers for a living.
✓The past time in simple past does not relate to the present time, so the actions and situations in simple past do not exist in the present time.
✓Present progressive can contain feelings of speakers.
You are always finding fault with me. She complains about the house.
She is constantly complaining about the house.
✓Simple present is often used in the following situation.
Tense and Aspect (i)
Uses of the present perfect continuous
The present perfect continuous is used to indicate an action that is completed in the present time. It connects two points of time one in the past and the other in the present while emphasizing that the action is seen as progressing in time. Actions that started in the past and have been in progress up to the present I have been waiting here for an hour. Actions in progress up to the recent past but with a result connected to the present It has been snowing. [There is snow on the ground] Repeated actions in a period up to the present or the recent past. I have been visiting my parents very often lately.
UNIT 3
LESSON FOUR Tense and Aspect
Are these sentences correct?
I washed my hair when the phone rang I was watching him, the man was suddently running away
tenses and aspect
• 现在完成体
• 1、“已完成”，指动作或过程发生在说话之 已完成” 前某个没有明确说出的过去时间（常指最近的 过去时间），现在已经完成了，并与现在的情 况有联系。通常不与表示一段时间的状语连用。 • He has turned off the light. • 2、“未完成”，指动作或状态从过去某时开 未完成” 始，继续到现在，可能继续下去，也可能刚刚 结束，通常与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。 • They have lived here for 30 years.
• 过去完成进行体
• 1、用法与现在完成进行体相仿，只是时间推移 到了过去。 • We had been waiting for her for two hours by the time she came. • 2、用于某种结构中可表示与过去事态相反的主 观设想。 • a) if, if only, as if • b) I wish, I’d rather I’ • c) expect, think, intend mean, want, suppose表示 suppose表示 过去未曾实现的希望、打算或意图。
• 4.表示将来时间，常见于条件状语和时间状语 4.表示将来时间，常见于条件状语和时间状语 从句，在主句中用一般现在时表示将来时间通 常指按照时间表或既定日程一定会发生的将来 事态。 • Torrow is Friday. • The train arrives at 8 sharp.
• 5. 表示过去时间，描述过去的行为和事态，称 之为历史现在时（historic present），这样可使 之为历史现在时（historic present），这样可使 过去发生的事情又呈现在眼前或想象好像正在 发生，传达了目击者叙述某事具有戏剧色彩的 即时性，比一般过去时更生动。 • That night Romeo sees Juliet alone on her balcony. • 在谈到死去的人的情况时，用一般过去时，但 对已故科学家、作家、艺术家的活动及其作品 进行介绍时，多用现在时，特别是死者的理论 仍适用，作品仍有影响时。
Chapter 7 Tense and aspect
present progressive
2. to denote an action in progress at a
period of time including the present. He works in a chemical factory. He is working in a chemical factory these days.
present progressive
3. to denote a future happening according to a
definite plan or arrangement. I’m going to Inner Mongolia for the summer holiday. If you are standing at the corner, I’ll give you a lift. I’ll think about it while you’re waiting the report (in temporal or conditional clauses, it also can be used to denote futurity.)
Special cases
6. in the news title, chapter of novels, plot
introduction of novel, movie, play, account of picture or slides. U.S President holds talks with British Prime Minister.
simple past
2. attitudinal and hypothetical past: the
语法 tense and aspect
• Modality: unmarked (tensed) v. modal (e.g. sees v. will/can/might see)
• Negation: positive v. negative (e.g. sees v. doesn’t see)
knows where my defiance will end? • Although production will continue for many years yet, I feel
it is time to record what historical production data is available before records _____ (be) lost and memories ____ (fade). • Is, refuse, says, are, fade • Nearly all occurrences of present tense referring to future time occur in one of two related grammatical contexts— either with an accompanying time adverbial that explicitly refers to the future, or in a conditional or temporal adverbial clause that has future time reference.
• Progressive aspect present tense: No, she’s going by train.
(11)Tense_and_aspect(1)
Bill passes the ball to Ron; Ron heads the ball to Mike, Mike shoots, the goalkeeper jumps for the ball and misses by a fraction… it’s a goal! This machine is easy to operate. Watch what I do. I switch it on, press this button and it starts to work.
5) Simple present referring to the past a) In addition to the meanings discussed above, the simple present can occasionally be used to denote past time. This use of the simple present is usually found with “communication verbs” such as tell, say, hear, learn, write to express the present effect of information received in the past. e.g.: Why do you say that? Tom tells (=told/has told) me old Joe died last night. I hear you’re getting married next month. The BBC says it’s going to be cold today. b) Simple present is also used as a device of story-telling and news reporting to add vividness to the description. This use of the simple present to refer to the past is what we call “historic present” (历史性现在时).
超实用高考英语专题复习：专题 06-时态语态专题(含高考真题)
超实用高考英语专题复习：专题06-时态语态专题距离高考还有一段时间，不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生，愈是临近高考，能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节，态度是否主动积极，安排是否科学合理，能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战，其效果往往大不一样。
以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料，希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率，希望对你有所帮助，有志者事竟成！养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。
总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。
在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。
英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。
越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。
另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。
章里，我们主要关注句子的谓语动词。
英语谓语的核心是助动词(auxiliary)和实义动词，而对助动词与实义动词组合关系的探讨即是探讨时态问题。
动词除了能表达动作发生的时间，以及动作的状态外，还可以用来说明主语和谓语的关系，即主动和被动语态.我们通常所说的时态( tense and aspect)。
在英语中其实反映的是两个不同的概念，即tense(时)和aspect(态或体)。
与时间相联系的““时”，以及与动作的内在结构相关的“体”或“态”，这两方面组合在一起就构成了时态”。
一、tense(时)是用来规定事物发生的时间的。
在英文中主要有四种不同的时间标识1、现在时(present)2、过去时(past)3、将来时(future)4、过去将来时(past future)二、aspect(态)是用来规定动作完成的程度，反映说话者对事物的态度的。
Chapter 3(1) Tense and Aspect
Regualr in irregular forms
Basic form
beat fit put bet hit cost hurt set cut let burn mean lean learn dream deal spoil leap bend lend send spend build bleed meet feed speed keep sweep weep feel kneel sleep bind grind find wind say relay pay lay mislay
• • • • • • • • • •
Love makes the world go round. Actions speak louder than words. A bad workman blames his tools. The early bird catches the worm. Dreams go by contraries. Familiarity breeds contempt. Bad news travels fast. The more you have the more you want. God helps them that help themselves. Practice makes perfect.
Tense & Aspect Combined
• Present perfective: I have done it. • Past perfective: I had done it. • Future perfective: I shall/will have done it. • Present perfective progressive: I have been doing it. • Past perfective progressive: I had been doing it. • Future perfective progressive: I shall/will have been doing it.