WEEK_6_Writing_Presentation
WEEK_15_Writing_Presentation
Almost Done!Professor:Alan Williams Email:alan@ Web page:/group/gucas-w2008-writing-alan-williamsFinal Exam?•No final exam in our Writing class •Marks based on the homework assignments during the semesterTimed Essay: Tips•Focus on your THESIS STATEMENT. If you write a good Thesis Statement, you can base your Topic Sentences in the Body Paragraphs, as well as the first sentence of your Concluding Paragraph on it.•Keep track of how much TIME is left!•Try to take a few minutes at the end of the exam period to read through your essay.–Look for any spelling mistakes.–Look at the transitions that you have used.General Notes •Happy with how you organized and structured your essays.•Introduction finished with your thesis statement; explained your reasons well.•I wanted to give you some confidence that you can write a well-structured essay.Topic SentencesThe Topic Sentence in a Body Paragraph should be clear and direct, so that the reader knows what you will discuss. Examples:•“My main problem in learning English is …”•“A lack of speaking practise is the second…”•“Another big difficulty for me is…”•“Firstly, the huge number of words in English…”Concluding SentencesThe Concluding Sentence in a Body Paragraph refers back to the Topic Sentence. Examples:•“Thus, one of my main problems is …”•“In short, the lack of speaking practise is another …”•“In summary, not having an English-speaking environment…”•“Therefore, my poor listening comprehension is a reason for … “Difficulties•Again, your essays were written fairly well.•Main difficulties discussed:–Poor environment to practice speaking; lack ofnative speakers around you.–Very little speaking time in class while in middle school.–Exams are based on Writing and Reading, andthus, there is no focus on Speaking.A few items…•“Vocabulary” and “words”–Vocabulary: a list or collection of the words orphrases of a language or a technical field.•Good, clear handwriting [ bi jì ] is important.–With a few essays, I had some problems reading your words and paragraphs. Please keep this inmind for when you are writing a test.Difficulties •Vocabulary:–too many words in English–too many forms of verb and nouns–different verb tenses–difficult to remember words when you do notuse them regularly–very similar sounds between different words –learning vocabulary is BORING…Number 1 issue that I have heard from my students:•“My spoken English is very poor, so I’m too scared / nervous to speak.”•“I don’t want to make a mistake, so I never speak.Overcoming ShynessThis is really up to YOU!If you really want to improve your speaking, you have to SPEAK. :-)–There is no simple way around it. It is likeany other subject you study.–Do Not Worry: NOBODY will mind if youmake mistakes… they will understand that English is not your first language.Some Useful Web Sites Purdue University Online Writing Lab•/•/handouts/esl/index.htmlBBC Learning Language•/worldservice/learningenglish/index.shtml•/videonation/archive/ Okanagan College (British Columbia, Canada)•http://international.ouc.bc.ca/pronunciation/Let’s chat about Canadafor a bit…•What is the population of Canada?•Roughly 33 million people (33 000 000), according to our most recent census •What is the capital city of Canada?•Ottawa (in Ontario)•Canada has how many official languages? Which language(s)?•Two official languages: English and French•Who is Canada’s current Prime Minister?•Mr. Stephen Harper•What is the official sport of Canada?•Two sports: lacrosse and ice hockey•How many provinces and territories are there in Canada?•10 provinces and 3 territoriesCapital CitiesNova Scotia – HalifaxPrince Edward Island –CharlottetownNew Brunswick – FrederictonNewfoundland and Labrador –St. John’sQuebec – Quebec CityOntario – Toronto Manitoba – Winnipeg Saskatchewan – Regina Alberta – EdmontonBritish Columbia – Victoria Yukon Territory – Whitehorse Northwest Territories –YellowknifeNunavut (in 1999) – IqaluitAnd one last short quiz now…THANK YOU!•It has been a fun semester.•I hope that I was able to help you and to teach you some things about writing.•Good luck on the exam on Saturday!。
WEEK_8_Writing_Presentation
The English Essay: Introduction and OutlineProfessor:Alan Williams Email:alan@ Web page:/group/gucas-w2008-writing-alan-williamsWe will now look at last week’s Homework Assignment.I marked this assignment out of five (5).Look for this file on the website: WEEK_6_Writing_CommonMistakes.pdf•Many did not mention the topic in the Topic Sentence (“my favorite teacher”).•The Title above your paragraph does not replace the need to introduce the topic in the Topic Sentence.•Also, many began with one or two sentences as an “introduction” before getting to your topic sentence.•The TS simply introduces your topic. Do not begin listing your reasons in the topic sentence. Save your reasons for the Supporting Sentences.•Often, the final sentence was NOT a Concluding Sentence, but simply the last Supporting Sentence.•At the end of some paragraphs, I felt as if I was left hanging in the air at the end of a ladder, rather than “reaching the ground” with your CS.•The CS should relate back to the main idea in the TS, and refer again to your “favorite teacher.”Grammar:•I often saw Comma Splice (CS) errors. You cannot connect two clauses in a sentence with just a comma;you must either add a conjunction word or replace the comma with a semi-colon.•There were a few Run-on Sentence (ROS) errors, but not many.•Verb Tenses: Most of you wrote about a time in middle school or high school. This relates to a time period in the past; therefore, your verbs should have beenwritten in the PAST tense.“more and more”•Students often use the phrase “more and more”before an adjective.•This is fine, but a good synonym to use is “increasingly” (an adverb) before an adjective.Examples:•“John became more and more sick each day”•“John became increasingly sick each day.”•“Juanita was more and more confident in her English skills.”•“Juanita was increasingly confident in her English skills.”The English Essay: Introduction and OutlineThe English Essay•An essay is a collection of paragraphs unified arounda specific topic or issue.•The specific topic is called the Thesis Statement.•An essay follows a similar pattern to a paragraph:–Each paragraph in an essay has a Topic Sentence and uses support and examples to explain it.–Each paragraph also has a Concluding Sentence.•The unifying factor is that all of the Topic Sentences are connected to the Thesis Statement.Similarities between Paragraph and EssayParagraph•Topic Sentence•Supporting Sentences with support / evidence for Topic Sentence•Concluding Sentence Essay •Introduction and Thesis Statement •Body Paragraphs with Topic Sentences, and support for the Thesis Statement •Concluding ParagraphWhat do scientists usethe essay format for?•To get an article published•To support an opinion on a scientific theory, process or experiment•To describe a process or experiment•To analyze the results of a single experiment in terms of Cause and Effect•To compare and contrast the results of two similar experimentsBasic Essay Form •Introductory paragraph:–creates interest in the topic–provides background to your thesis–gives the Thesis Statement•Body Paragraphs:–provide evidence and explanation of theThesis Statement•Conclusion:–offers a summary or resolution of ThesisStatement, followed by general statement or recommendationsPre-Writing and Outline •Before you can write an essay, you need to PLAN it first.•You want to make sure you have a specific Thesis Statement that you can support and explain in your body paragraphs.•Sample Topic: “The effects of computer games on children.”Sample Thesis Statement •For our example, we choose to discuss two negative effects:–Children are desensitized to (or “lessaffected by”) violence–Children become less active and unhealthy Computer games can often cause harm to children by desensitizing them to violence and by discouraging them from pursuing other more active and healthier forms of entertainment.I.Introductory ParagraphA.General InformationB.Thesis StatementII.Body Paragraph 1A.Topic SentenceB.Supporting Sentences1.First sentence2.Second sentence3.Third sentenceC.Concluding SentenceIII.Body Paragraph 2A.Topic SentenceB.Supporting Sentences1.First sentence2.Second sentence3.Third sentenceC.Concluding SentenceIV.Concluding ParagraphA.Re-state the Thesis StatementB.General InformationLet’s look at a sample outline for our Thesis Statement.On our website, the file “OUTLINE_formats.pdf”shows you some sample formats for an outline.Outline: Introduction Paragraph1.Introduction ParagraphA.General introduction on popularity ofcomputer games amongst kids.B.Thesis: Computer games can often causeharm to children by desensitizing them toviolence and by discouraging them frompursuing other more active and healthierforms of entertainment.2.Body Paragraph #1A.First negative effect: children becomedesensitized to violence.i.Many popular computer games are violent(“Doom”, “Golden Eye”, “Medal of Honor”).ii.Children become desensitized to violence.B.Therefore:–definitely a cause/effect relationship between computer games and children becomingmore violent.3.Body Paragraph #2A.Furthermore, children who play computergames are less active and less healthy thanchildren who don’t.i.Studies show kids who own computer gamesspend up to 50% less time exercising outdoors ii.Studies also show kids who own computergames are 80% more likely to be obese andunhealthy than kids who don’t.B.Therefore:–Unquestionably, a cause/effect relationship between computer games and children’sdeteriorating health.Outline: Concluding Paragraph3.Concluding ParagraphA.In conclusion,i.seems clear that, despite being a popular formof entertainment among children, computergames can harm children by encouragingviolent behavior, while also discouraginghealthier forms of playB.Therefore:i.Parents should take care to know and monitorthe computer games that their children areplaying, the amount of time their childrenspend playing these games, and the effectsthese games have on the children’s behavior.Some Notes on Outlines •An Introduction progresses from GENERALto SPECIFIC, whereas Conclusions progress from SPECIFIC to GENERAL.–SPECIFIC = Thesis Statement–GENERAL = Writer’s thoughts on subject •Body Paragraphs are organized just likeregular paragraphs.–The Topic Sentence of a Body Paragraph shouldalways support the Thesis Statement in theIntroduction.That was a lot ofinformation! Take a 5-minute breakPlaying games is a part of growing up. Parents, teachers and child psychologists all agree that playing games is an important way for children to learn and develop social skills. This process took a new turn when computers and game systems were first created in the 20th century and children started to play video and computer games frequently. As time has progressed, playing computer games has become a favorite activity among children. However, computer games can often cause harm to children by desensitizing them to violence and by discouraging them from pursuing other more active and healthier forms of entertainment.It is clear that one harmful effect that playing computer games has on children is desensitizing them to violence. Quite often, computer games are violent. Currently, the three most popular such games in America are “Doom,” “Golden Eye” and “Medal of Honor.” The first two of these games have players compete to kill each other, and the third is set in WWII, in which players kill Nazi soldiers in order to win the war. As a result of being exposed to such violent computer games, the average American child has witnessed over 2000 acts of violence by the time they are ten years old. What’s more, recent research indicates that children are emulating the violent behavior they observe in these games. A recent study conducted at UCLA showed that children ages 8-12 who had just finished playing a violent computer game were four times more likely to immediately act violently towards others than children who had just finished playing a different, non-violent game. Thus, although scientists are still investigating this phenomenon, it seems clear there is a correlation between violent computer games and children who are desensitized to violence and act violently towards others.Furthermore, children who play computer games also frequently suffer from poor health because they are less active than other children. A recent study on child obesity in California revealed that children who own computer games spend 50% less time playing outside and exercising than children who don’t. Consequently, these children are 80% more likely to become obese by the time they are ten years old than children who do not own computer games. As a result, it seems clear that children who own computer games spend more time indoors playing them. In short, these children are unhealthier than children who do not own or play computer games.In conclusion, it seems clear that, despite being a popular form of entertainment among children, computer games can harm children by encouraging violent behavior, while also discouraging healthier forms of play. Parents therefore should take care to understand the potential harmful effects that computer games may have on their children. Parents can try to avoid these negative effects by knowing the computer games that their children are playing, by monitoring the average amount of time their children spend playing such games, and by closely observing the effects these games have on their children’s behavior.Homework•No homework for this week.•NEXT WEEK, I will be assigning an essay as homework, so please review today’s Powerpoint presentation on essay structure. :-)•In your textbook, chapter 4 covers the section on Essay Writing.。
英语演讲的艺术week-five
• It helps you prepare
the speech.
• Decide what you’ll say in
the introduction, how you will organize the main points and supporting materials in the body, and what you’ll say in the conclusion.
Guidelines for the Preparation Outline
• State the specific purpose and central idea.
• Label the introduction, body, and conclusion.
• Use a consistent pattern of symbolization and indentation.
relationships among the speaker’s ideas.
State Main Points and Subpoints in Full Sentences
• A skimpy preparation outline is of little value.
• Stating main points and subpoints in full sentences will ensure that you develop your ideas fully.
• Pie graph: a graph that highlights segments of a circle to show simple distribution patterns.
• Preparation outline: a detailed outline developed during the process of speech preparation that includes the title, specific purpose, central idea, introduction, maiห้องสมุดไป่ตู้ points, subpoints, connectives, conclusion, and bibliography of a speech.
WEEK_12_Writing_Presentation
Written SummariesProfessor:Alan Williams Email:alan@ Web page:/group/gucas-w2008-writing-alan-williamsLet’s take a look at the Concluding Paragraphs that you wrote.1.Start with a Transition for conclusions:•in conclusion; to conclude; in short•to sum up; in summary2.The FIRST sentence should re-state your ThesisStatement.•In this case, you should mention again the three main causes of air pollution in Beijing.3.Provide one or more possible solutions for theproblem.4.Try to finish with a general statement, for example:•“If we take these measures, Beijing will once again have clean air and blue skies.”For the most part, your concluding paragraphs were well done.1.Most paragraphs began with a good transition.2.You then referred again to the three major causes of airpollution in Beijing.3.However, some of the paragraphs skipped over thestep of restating the Thesis Statement, and wentdirectly into discussing some possible solutions. NOTE:Good, clear handwriting [ bi jì ] is important. :-)•I had no problems reading all of the paragraphs, but please keep this in mind for when you arewriting a test.OK, let’s have a quick review last week’s material. Compare and Contrast EssayOrganization of the Essay1.You can have an essay that only comparestwo subjects.–For example, discuss how two cities are very similar, such as Fuzhou and Xiamen.2.You can also have an essay that onlycontrasts two subjects.–For example, discuss how your mobile phone is quite different from your friend’s phone.3.Finally, you can have essay that makesboth a comparison and a contrast between two subjects.Transitions for Compare and ContrastCompare •similarly, similar to •likewise, just like,•in the same way as •just as… so is…•compared to / with •in comparison with Contrast •conversely•on the contrary, on the other hand •in contrast, by contrast •different from, different than •unlike, opposite to •whereas, whileLet’s move on nowto look at Written SummariesSummary WritingReading a text in order to write a summary requires more effort than simply reading for information. You need to really understand what the author is saying to write a goodsummary.In general, writing summaries is an excellent way to practice your writing habits, since a good summary shows all of the qualities of any other piece of good writing: unity,clarity, coherence, accuracy…Writing Strategy1.Read the article once.2.Re-read the article closely, and makea list of the main ideas.e this list of ideas to start to writeyour summary paragraph.•Write the ideas in the same order as they appear in the article.•Include an important example to support the ideas.•Use Transition words so that thesentences flow together logically.You can cross out or delete:•Repetitions•Non-essential background information •Long, extended examples•Interesting stories or anecdotes•Minor supporting detailsThis process is basically the reverse process for writing a good paragraph. :-)1) Read the ArticleThe most important part is to make sure you find the main ideas. As you read the article:1.Is this an essay or more like a newspaper article?2.Does the author try to persuade you with an argument?If so, what is the argument?3.Does the author have a Thesis Statement or TopicSentences? If so, what are they?4.Does the author have any important statements thatsound like Concluding Sentences? If so, what are they?3) Write your summary•Look at your list of Main Ideas.•Take these ideas and write them in your own words.•Try to think of synonyms to use in order to do this.–Synonyms are words that have the same or asimilar meaning.•Use Transition words between sentences.Sample TextThe following sample text can be found in your Writing textbook, on page 155. The sample Summary Solution following this text can be found in the back of the textbook.** Working with your partner, try to identify the 4 or 5 main ideas from the article.Vernacular:–using plain, everyday, ordinary language;–native or indigenous; the language of thecommon people (as opposed to “literary”or “learned”).Manuscript:–before the invention of printing, books were written by hand (thus, very expensive)–manu: “by hand” ; script: “written”The invention of the process of printing with movable type, which occurred in Germany about the middle of the 15th century, was destined to exercise a far-reaching influence on all the vernacular languages of Europe. Introduced into England about 1476 by William Caxton, who had learned this art on the continent, printing made such rapid progress that, a scant century later, it was observed that manuscript books were seldom found and almost never used. Some idea of the rapidity with which the new process swept forward comes from the fact that, in Europe, the number of books printed before the year 1500 had already reached the surprising number of 35 000. The majority of these, it is true, were in Latin, whereas it is in the modern languages that the effect of the printing press is chiefly felt. However, in England, over 20 000 titles in English had appeared by 1640, ranging from two-page pamphlets to massive books. The result was to bring books, which had formerly been an expensive luxury for few people, within the reach of all. More important, however, was the fact -- so obvious today -- that it was possible to reproduce a book in a thousand copies or a hundred thousand, each copy exactly like the next. A powerful force thus existed for promoting a standard, uniform language, and the means were now available for spreading that language throughout the territory in which it was understood. (words: 241)Main ideas(according to Alan)•the printing press with movable type invented in the mid-15th century; brought to England in 1476•just 100 years after this invention, very few manuscript books still in use•printing press had biggest effect on modern languages•now, it was easy to produce thousands of copies of identical books•as a result, it was easy to spread a standard form of a language to the peopleSample SummaryPrinting from movable type, invented in Germany about 1450 and brought to England about 1476, had a far-reaching influence on all European languages. Within a hundred years, manuscript books had become rare. Though at first, most printed books were in Latin, by 1640 over 20 000 titles in English had appeared. Books were now within reach of everyone and could exert a powerful, standardizing influence upon the language. (68 words; about 28% of original)Written Summary:Individual Practice•We are now going to practice a writing a Timed Summary.•Read the following article and write a summary in 150-175 words.All right… Time’s up!Good job!Let’s take a look now at a sample summary for this article.Homework•In your textbook, read Section 5.1 –“Summaries” (pp. 132-138).•You can read through the previous class presentations to review the material on sentences, paragraphs and essays.。
初中英语项目式教学设计案例范文怎么写
初中英语项目式教学设计案例范文怎么写全文共3篇示例,供读者参考篇1Title: Designing a Project-Based Learning Lesson for Middle School EnglishIntroduction:Project-based learning is an effective teaching methodology that encourages students to apply critical thinking skills, collaborate with peers, and engage in real-world scenarios. In this article, we will discuss how to design a project-based learning lesson for middle school English.Lesson Objective:The objective of this lesson is for students to improve their English language skills through the creation of a short story. The students will work collaboratively in groups to brainstorm ideas, develop a plot, and draft a narrative. By the end of the lesson, each group will present their story to the class.Lesson Plan:1. Introduction (15 minutes):- Begin the lesson by introducing the project to the students. Explain the objective and the criteria for success.- Divide the students into groups of 3-4 and assign each group a specific theme for their story (e.g. mystery, fantasy, adventure).- Provide the students with examples of short stories in different genres to inspire their creativity.2. Brainstorming (20 minutes):- In their groups, students will brainstorm ideas for their story. Encourage them to think creatively and consider different perspectives.- Facilitate discussions within the groups and offer guidance as needed.3. Planning (30 minutes):- Once the students have decided on a concept for their story, they will create a rough outline of the plot, including the main characters, setting, and conflict.- Encourage the students to collaborate and share ideas with their group members.4. Drafting (45 minutes):- Students will begin writing their story based on the outline they created during the planning phase. Remind them to focus on descriptive language, character development, and a clear narrative structure.- Provide feedback and support to help students refine their writing.5. Presentation (20 minutes):- Each group will present their story to the class. Encourage students to read aloud and engage with their audience.- After each presentation, facilitate a brief Q&A session to encourage discussion and feedback from the class.6. Reflection (10 minutes):- Conclude the lesson with a reflection activity where students can share what they learned, what they enjoyed about the project, and any challenges they faced.- Encourage students to think about how they can apply their newfound skills to future writing projects.Conclusion:By incorporating project-based learning into the middle school English curriculum, teachers can engage students inmeaningful and collaborative learning experiences. This lesson design provides a structured framework for students to develop their English language skills while fostering creativity, critical thinking, and communication.篇2Project-based learning is a student-centered teaching method that allows students to explore real-world problems and challenges through a hands-on approach. In this article, we will discuss how to write a project-based learning design case for middle school English classes.Title: Exploring Cultural Diversity Through CuisineGrade Level: 7th GradeSubject: English Language ArtsDuration: 6 weeksOverview:In this project, students will explore cultural diversity through the lens of cuisine. They will research different cultures and their traditional foods, create a menu for a multicultural restaurant, and write a persuasive essay advocating for the importance of embracing diversity through food.Objectives:1. Students will research and analyze the food culture of different countries.2. Students will collaborate in groups to create a multicultural restaurant menu.3. Students will write a persuasive essay advocating for cultural diversity in food.Activities:Week 1: Introduction to project, research on different cultures and their traditional foodsWeek 2-3: Group work on creating a multicultural restaurant menuWeek 4-5: Writing and editing persuasive essaysWeek 6: Presentation of menus and essays to the classAssessment:Students will be assessed on their research, collaboration, creativity in menu creation, and writing skills in their essays. Rubrics will be provided for each component of the project.Conclusion:By engaging in this project, students will not only improve their English language skills but also develop a deeper understanding and appreciation for cultural diversity.Project-based learning provides a hands-on and meaningful approach to education, allowing students to apply their knowledge in a real-world context. Through this project, students will learn the importance of embracing diversity and celebrating differences in the world around them.篇3How to Write a Junior high school English Project-based Teaching Design CaseIntroduction:Project-based teaching is a student-centered approach that focuses on active learning through the completion of meaningful projects. In this article, we will discuss how to design aproject-based teaching plan for a junior high school English class.I. Setting ObjectivesThe first step in designing a project-based teaching plan is to set clear objectives. These objectives should be aligned with the learning goals of the curriculum and should be specific,measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-bound (SMART). For example, the objectives for an English project could include improving students' language skills, enhancing their critical thinking and problem-solving abilities, and fostering their creativity and collaboration.II. Selecting a TopicThe next step is to select a topic for the project. The topic should be engaging and relevant to students' lives and interests, as well as related to the curriculum. For example, a topic for a junior high school English class could be "My Dream Vacation," where students plan a trip to a destination of their choice and create a travel itinerary, budget, and presentation.III. Designing the ProjectOnce the topic is selected, the teacher should design the project, including the tasks, activities, resources, and assessments. The project should be broken down into smaller tasks or stages, with clear instructions and deadlines. For example, in the "My Dream Vacation" project, tasks could include researching the destination, creating a budget, planning the itinerary, and presenting the trip.IV. ImplementationDuring the implementation phase, the teacher should guide students through the project, providing feedback and support as needed. Students should work independently or in groups to complete the project, using a variety of resources such as books, websites, and multimedia tools. The teacher should also encourage collaboration and communication among students, fostering a positive learning environment.V. AssessmentAt the end of the project, students should be assessed based on their performance and achievements. The assessment could include a presentation, a written report, a quiz, or a peer evaluation. The teacher should provide constructive feedback to students, highlighting their strengths and areas for improvement. Additionally, students should reflect on their learning experience and identify their learning goals for the future.Conclusion:In conclusion, project-based teaching is an effective approach to engage students in active learning and foster their language skills, critical thinking, and creativity. By following the steps outlined in this article, teachers can design and implement successful project-based teaching plans for junior high school English classes.。
academic writing week_4_presentation
Read this text and think of a suitable title
Example titles Marketing to the older generation Selling to retired people An ageing market
Review - paraphrasing There is a huge variation in the profile of the baby boomers Companies have more experience of selling to the retired Volkswagen, for instance, has produced a car with raised seats
Read this text and think of a suitable title
The generation born after the second world war, sometimes called the baby-boomers, are now reaching retirement age, and businesses are starting to realise that they are a wealthier market than any previous retirement group. Financial products, travel and medicines are wellestablished industries which interest the over-60s, but others are now focusing on this age group.Volkswagen, for instance, has produced a car with raised seats and more interior space to appeal to their tastes. In Japan, with its ageing population, companies have more experience of selling to the retired, and have been successful with unusual products such as a robotic seal, which serves as a pet substitute for the lonely. There are, however, certain difficulties in selling to this market. Some customers resent being addressed as „old‟ since they see themselves as more youthful, while there is a huge variation in the profile of the baby boomers, ranging from healthy and active to the bedridden and infirm. Bailey, S, 2011. Academic Writing . 3rd ed. Abingdon: Routledge.
Week+6+essay+writing+--thesis+statement,+topic+sentences+and+supporting+details
Life Without TelevisionWhen my family’s only television set went to the repair shop the other day, my parents, my sister, and I thought we would have a terrible week. How could we get through the long evening in such a quiet house? What would it be like without all the shows to keep us company? We soon realized, though, that living without television for a while was stroke of good fortune. It became easy for each of us to enjoy some activities alone, to complete some postponed chores, and to spend rewarding time with each other and friends.First of all, with no television to compete for our time, we found plenty of hours for personal interests. We all read more that week than we had read during the six months before. During these days, my sister read more than 10 books about the legendary biography, while she had never finished a book when we had a TV at home. We each also enjoyed some hobbies we had ignored for ages. My mother resumed listening radio after supper and at the same time knitted a sweater for my father. My sister excited about piano again and the melody lingered on our home. M y father who is a gourmet of our family, humming a familiar tune, cooked delicious food in kitchen. In addition, my sister and I both stopped procrastinating with our homework. We did our homework on the moment that we had arrived back from our schools without thinking weather we could watch some favorite TV shows and therefore we finished our homework before dinner.Second, we did chores that had been hanging over our heads for too long. There were many jobs around that house that had needed attention for some time. We spent weekend on cleaning our house in which the dust had been piled up, washing clothes which had been filled with washing machine long time before, and spading the garden. We also had a chance to do some long postponed shopping. In the past, my sister and I frequently felt hungry after school, we should had to endure hungry because nothing had been left for us to eat in our home. Without television, our families were divided into two groups, each group was in charge of shopping all kinds of things we needed once a week, which guaranteed sufficient food and daily living equipment. And each of us also did some letter writing or other paperwork that was long overdue. Without temptation of TV, father focused on writing his papers about how to use remote sensing to estimate NPP of vegetation. After much delay, my sister and I finished the materials of English reports at last. Finally, and probably most important, we spend time with each other. Instead of just being in the same room together while we stared at a screen, we actually talked for many pleasant hours. We talked about our performance at school: bad or not; we talked about the plan of our summer vocation. Moreover, for the first time in years my family played some games together. We played hide-and-seek in the yard with my aunt and uncle; we played kicking shuttlecock on the ground in the sunshine. And because we didn’t have to worry about missing this or that show, we had some family friends over on a couple of evenings and spend an enjoyable time with them. We frequently invited a lot of friends and relatives to join in our parties to celebrate some holiday such as Spring festival ,Christmas, Think giving day etc, thus we could kept in touch with a lot of friends and relatives and strengthen the relationship of us.Once our television set returned, we were not prepared to put it in the attic. But we had a sense of how it can take over our lives if we are not careful. We are now more selective. We turn on the set for our favorite shows, certain sports events, and the news, but we don’t leave it running all night. As a result, we find we can enjoy television and still have time left over for other activities and interests.。
unit 6 writing公开课教案教学设计课件案例练习试卷
Unit 6
一、Functions: 让学生学会在文本3a的基础上写自己的新年计划。
二、Words and expressions: 继续巩固一般将来时态be goingto句型。掌握生词own,
personal, relationship 三、Strategies:
能通过对新年决心话题的讨论,树立健康的生活目标和制订相
Cindy
My New Year’s Resolution has to do with physical health. I’m going to eat less fast food and do lots of exercise.
Resolluetiton'ssarre epraomdise&s towyrouirtMseeylfN. TewheYyemaary’shopReweelpsrnotslouotmnaioaadnkljse.a&ydopujr.aobne个.tt人e自r的己per的son
love to to music and sing together.
relationship n.
The second resolution is about improving my physical health.
关系,联系
________________________________________________________________
The last resolution is about how to do better at school.
I’m going to make a weekly plan for schoolwork. I plan to work hard at English and math and finish homework on time. In class I’ll listen to the teacher carefully. In this way, I can get good grades.
WEEK_5_Writing_Presentation
SentencesProfessor: Alan Williams Email:alan@ Web page:/group/gucas-w2008-writing-alan-williams• A direction word with the “-ern” ending is usually not capitalized:southwestern Oregonnorthern England•The Northwest (in China)•The Southwest (in USA)•South Africa / southern AfricaLet’s continue withcorrecting the sentencesfrom last week.Please refer to these two PDF files on the website:•WEEK_4_Writing_Sentence_Exercise.pdf•WEEK_4_Writing_Sentence_Corrections.pdfNow, we will have a short Dictation exercise.Please refer to this PDF file on the website:•WEEK_5_Writing_Dictation_practice.pdfLet’s do a quick review of last week’s material…Things to consider when writinga sentence1.Word order2.Verb tense (past, present, future)3.Punctuation3.Punctuation•Punctuation is important because it conveys meaning. If you use the wrong punctuation, the reader will be confused.•We looked at the basic punctuation marks in English:–period, question mark, exclamation mark–comma, semicolonSentence TypesA sentence can be:– Simple,– Compound, or– Complex.Definition: Clause Clause:“A group of words containing asubject and a verb; it can form part of a compound or complexsentence, or it can constitute acomplete simple sentence.”Coordinating Conjunction •The information in the two independent clauses should be related in some way.•If not, you should not combine them in a compound sentence.Common Problems •Sentence Fragments •Comma-Splice Errors •Run-on SentencesSentence Fragment •Because it was closed.–Correction: It was closed.–Correction: We didn’t eat at the restaurant because it was closed.•If I want to travel to Nepal.–Correction: I want to travel to Nepal.–Correction: If I want to travel to Nepal, I will need to obtain a permit.•When the horse jumped.–Correction: The horse jumped.–Correction: When the horse jumped, the rider fell off and landed in the river.Homework1.Review and study the TransitionsStudy Sheet on the website. We will have a quiz on this in the next class.2.Read through Chapter 3, ParagraphWriting, in the textbook.3.We will begin on paragraph writingnext week。
考虫六级英语作文模板
考虫六级英语作文模板Here's a sample of a Cet-6 essay template that follows the requirements you mentioned:---。
Okay, let's start with this. English learning is notjust about grammar and vocabulary. It's about communicating, right? Like, when I was a kid, I remember watching cartoons in English and just trying to figure out what they were saying. It was fun!And then, you know, there's this whole world of books out there. I mean, I love reading. But when I started reading books in English, it was a whole new experience. It was challenging, but also exciting. You get to see things from a different perspective.Now, speaking of speaking, I think practice is key. Like, whenever I travel to an English-speaking country, Itry to immerse myself in the language. I talk to people, I listen to them, I watch TV, I read the news. It's just a matter of exposure.Oh, and technology! Nowadays, there are so many apps and online resources that can help you learn English. You can listen to podcasts, watch videos, take online courses. It's really convenient.But at the end of the day, I think it's about having fun with it. Learning a language shouldn't be a chore. It should be something that you enjoy. So, find what works for you and just go for it!。
six-week-exercise-plan-presentation
Week 6
Keep Up The Good Work
You did it! Over the past five weeks, you’ve made regular exercise a natural part of your life. Check your measurements and weight (Chart) Now that you are in a routine of exercising every week, your metabolism should stay supercharged, making it easier to control your weight. Even if you haven’t quite reached your goal, you’ve got all the tools you need to get there. Just keep moving and stay positive.
Week 3
Get Better results
Give an exercise your total attention and try to improve your focus during each movement Go slowly and make every motion as smooth as possible Exhale as you tighten the muscles and inhale as you release them Place your fingers on the area you are trying to work – it will improve your focus and your abs. Record your progress in the chart this week!
师大必修Unit6_Writing_Workshop_公开课件
Read for writing:
3. Does the summary include the opinion of the summary writer?
No.
Ⅲ Structure and language
Structure and the language
In 1969, Tu Youyou was given the mission to set up a team to find a cure for malaria. When worldwide scientists failed to find a cure using modern chemicals, Tu Youyou turned to Chinese herbs for help. Despite their limited resources and
3. You can add youy.
4. It is important to use your own words in the summary.
Ⅱ Read for writing
Read for writing:
Read the summary. Answer the questions. (Ex2)
√ 1. A summary should include all the main and √supporting information.
2. A summary should leave out unnecessary details like examples and explanations.
Although Tu Youyou has won the Nobel Prize and become well-known, she is uninterested in fame and prefers to continue her research.
IETLS Writing week6
On the one hand, one of the drawbacks is that people will easily become addicted (idea1). For example, the popularity of video games has drawn mass attention of the public, especially for the group of adolescents. They tend to be impressionable to novelty and are willing to spend loads of time playing new online games at home, which will erode their willingness to participate in outdoor activities (example1). As a result, their physical wellness is likely to decline, due to lack of exercise (result1). Worse still, individuals’ lifestyles can also be affected (idea2). This is because people may be reluctant to socialize if they find playing computer games or watching television programs more entertaining than meeting up with friends (reason2). Consequently, a growing number of individuals will form a sedentary lifestyle, which is the root of the heart-related diseases such as hypertension (高血压) and obesity(肥胖症) (result2).
WEEK_14_Writing_Presentation
More Practice!Professor:Alan Williams Email:alan@ Web page:/group/gucas-w2008-writing-alan-williamsLet’s review some items from your Compare and Contrast essays.“standard of living”•I saw several versions of this in your papers: life quality; life standard; life level.“life expectancy”•This expressions means, when a child is born, the number of years we expect the child to live, taking into account several factors (education, nutrition, health care, and so on).“modes of transportation”•This means “methods” or “ways” of travelling (bus, plane, car, subway, bicycle, and so on).•“We have several new modes of transportation that our parents never had.”the Internet•This word is normally capitalized in writing: the Internet. It is treated as a proper noun.at my age•At my age, my father had already been working for three years.•My parents were already married with two children at my age.when they were my age•When my mother was my age (24), she was also studying in university, just like me.•When my parents were my age, they were living in a small village in Jiangsu province.OK, let’s try some Partner Practice with another Summary exercise.Summary: Group Practice •15 minutes: Read the article.(see the file WEEK_14_Summary_and_Solution.pdf)•With your partner, discuss what you feel are the main points that should be in the summary.•After, I will ask you for the main ideas.Let’s review what you selected asthe main ideas.Summary: Main IdeasMigrant workers in Dubai on strike to demand better salaries and working conditions.Cost of living is increasing but wages are not increasing;inflation is high.Companies cannot find enough workers at these wages.Strong economy in India persuades many Indians to stay at home. Government offered an amnesty and many workers left.Workers from other countries will make up for the shortage. Government responded with some measures to improve the workers’ situation (paying wages through an electronicsystem instead of cash.)Government recently limited foreign labourers to a maximum of six years in the GCC.Let’s take a look now at a sample summary for this article.Possible SummaryDubai, the business capital of UAE, has a strong economy, but there are some problems. Migrant workers have gone on strike several times this year to demand better salaries and working conditions. The cost of living is increasing while their wages are not increasing; inflation is high. Meanwhile, companies cannot find enough workers at these wages. A strong economy in India will persuade many Indians to stay at home, and 280 000 illegal workers recently left when the government offered them an amnesty. However, workers from other countries will make up for the shortage; the government has also responded with some measures to improve the workers’ situation, such as paying wages through an electronic system instead of cash. Nevertheless, as one measure to control workers, the government recently limited foreign labourers to a maximum of six years in the GCC. (140 words; about 24% of original)OK, let’s take a short break.Finally, even MORE writing practice!Timed Essay: Tips•Focus on your THESIS STATEMENT. If you write a good Thesis Statement, you can base your Topic Sentences in the Body Paragraphs, as well as the first sentence of your Concluding Paragraph on it.•Keep track of how much TIME is left!•Try to take a few minutes at the end of the exam period to read through your essay.–Look for any spelling mistakes.–Look at the transitions that you have used.Learning EnglishYou have all been learning English for many years. 8 years? 10 years?Think about the difficulties that you have faced:–A new alphabet?–Pronunciation and new sounds?–Vocabulary?–Listening and comprehension?–Lack of speaking practice?Syntax and Grammar Learning the syntax and the grammar of a language are important for improving hownatural you sound as a speaker and as awriter.•Syntax: the sequence in which words are put together to form correct sentences.•Grammar: the system of rules in a language for generating correct sentences; thisincludes inflections, syntax and wordformation of a language.Now… you’re really going to be (un)happy with me…All right… Time’s up!1.Write your name in PINYIN andyour class number on your essay.2.Please hand in your essays.3.I will return them next week.。
writing presentation
The incident ,in my opinion, arises from several causes.
To begin with, students attach great importance to national college entrance examination. They are under severe pressure in the face of it for they have paid too much for it, thus they want to make every possible effort to enhance their performance at this delicate point which may decide the rest of their lives. And if they weren’t admitted by a good university, it would be even a shame for their parents and teachers. Beyond that, they are highly expected by their parents and teachers, so they have to go out of their ways to satisfy them. Last but not least, the fierce competition in education force most of the students to study harder and harder, especially those from countryside because they regard it as the only way to get away from badly-off situation and obtain a better life.
week6(2)
WEEK 6 ASSIGNMENTWrite a 1-2 page response to your readings. You may choose some questions from the list below, but you are encouraged to raise your own questions. Please spell-check and proof-read your paper before submission.1. What were the origins of the main premise of artificial intelligence (AI) – the separation of the notion of the mind from the notion of the brain – the “disembodiment” of the mind? What were the origins of the idea of “man-computer symbiosis”? What was the role of practical computing in shaping these ideas?2. What is the goal of artificial intelligence? Was its main premise a step forward or a step backward with regard to that goal?3. What is the connection between information-processing psychological theory and the military need to integrate humans and machines in weapons systems? Who was guiding whom here – the military or the artificial intelligence specialists?4. Do you agree with Newell and Simon’s definition of scientific theory? Can the computer serve as a tool for constructing theories? Is the General Problem Solver a valid psychological theory? Do Newell and Simon provide adequate procedures for testing their theory?5. Do you agree with Frijda’s suggestions for resolving the relationship between a computer program and a theory?6. Discuss the strengths and the weaknesses of Weizenbaum’s critique.7. Give examples of the relationship between computer programs and theories in other fields.。
week_6_writing_a_summary_331-43
What is a Summary?
In a summary, you reduce material in an original work to its main points and key supporting details. A summary could consist of a single word, a phrase, several sentences, or one or more paragraphs. Today we will read an article and learn how to summarize it together.
Read more carefully the areas you marked as important.
Take some notes:
– – What is the main point of the whole passage? What are the sub-points.
5. Write the Summary
“First off there are so many couches to choose from.”
Because there are so many people offering a place to stay in New York, it is hard to find the legit CouchSurfing hosts.
make mistakes with pronouns.
Agreement
A pronoun MUST agree with the word it replaces. If the word it is replacing is singular or plural, the pronoun must AGREE and be either singular or plural. Don't forget that your Subjet and Verb must agree with each other as well! Open your book to page 462 and fill in the appropriate pronoun for questions 1-5 (their, they, them, it)
英语presentation自我介绍
英语presentation自我介绍全文共6篇示例,供读者参考篇1Hi everyone! My name is Emily and I'm 8 years old. I'm really excited to tell you all about myself today.I live with my mom, dad, and little brother Charlie who is 5. We have a dog named Buddy who is a Golden Retriever. He's really cute and fluffy and loves to play fetch. My favorite game is hide and seek - I'm really good at finding the best hiding spots!In my free time, I love playing outside. My friends and I have a awesome treehouse in my backyard that my dad built for us. We love having picnics up there and putting on little plays. I'm usually the director because I like being in charge. Sometimes we get a little too rowdy though and my mom has to tell us to keep it down.I'm also on a soccer team called the Red Rockets. I play defense because I'm really fast. My teammates are a lot of fun and we always go for ice cream after our games. Chocolate is my favorite flavor! I'm not very good at scoring goals yet, but I'm getting better at kicking the ball every practice.In school, my favorite subjects are art and reading. I love drawing pictures of animals and mythical creatures like unicorns and dragons. Reading takes me to such amazing make-believe worlds full of adventures. I get totally lost in books sometimes and have to be called for dinner several times before I snap out of it!My least favorite subject is math because I find it really confusing and boring. All those numbers and equations just make my brain feel like mush. I have to work really hard on my math homework but my mom is a good teacher and helps me understand it better. I'm getting a little better at it, but it's still not my favorite.One of the coolest things about me is that I was born on Christmas Day! Every year my birthday party has a holiday theme and we get to decorate a tree. Sometimes my friends are traveling to see family though, so then we have to postpone my party until after the New Year. I don't mind though because that means I get two celebration days instead of just one!Another fun fact is that I'm learning to play the violin this year. It's much harder than it looks to make nice sounds come out of that tiny stringed instrument. I have to practice every day and I'm already sick of my beginner songs like "Twinkle TwinkleLittle Star." Hopefully I'll get better soon so I can learn more exciting pieces.My biggest dream is to become a zookeeper when I grow up.I love all kinds of animals, but especially the bigger ones like elephants, giraffes, and tigers. Can you imagine getting to hang out with those amazing creatures every day? Getting to feed them, clean their habitats, and make sure they are healthy sounds like the coolest job ever to me. I definitely don't want to be stuck behind a desk all day long like my dad. Ugh, how boring would that be?Well, that's about all I can think to share right now. Let me know if you have any other questions for me! I may be little, but I've got a big personality.篇2Hi everyone! My name is Michael and I'm 10 years old. I'm in the 5th grade at Oakwood Elementary School. Today I'm going to tell you all about myself!First, let me tell you about my family. I live with my mom, dad, and little sister Emily who is 7 years old. My mom's name is Sarah and she works as a nurse at the hospital downtown. My dad's name is Robert and he's an accountant at a big company.We also have a dog named Buddy who is a golden retriever. He's really friendly and loves to play fetch!At home, I have my own bedroom that I share with no one. My favorite part is all the LEGOs I have - I love building cool spaceships, cars, and buildings with them. I also like reading comic books, playing video games, and watching superhero movies. My favorite superhero is Spider-Man because he's so strong and can climb up walls and swing through the city!In school, my favorite subjects are math and science. I'm really good at solving math problems and I find the science experiments we do to be really fun and interesting. My least favorite is writing though - I find it kind of boring to just sit there and write sentences for a long time. I much prefer the more hands-on stuff.I have a pretty good group of friends at school篇3Hello everyone! My name is Lucy and I am so excited to be here today to introduce myself.First of all, let me tell you a little bit about myself. I am 10 years old and I am in the fifth grade. I love going to schoolbecause I get to learn new things every day. My favorite subjects are English and Science. In my free time, I enjoy reading books, playing with my friends, and drawing. I also like to help my mom in the kitchen when she is cooking.I have a big family. There are five people in my family – my mom, dad, my little sister Lily, my big brother Mike, and me. We live in a cozy house with a garden where we grow flowers and vegetables. We also have a cute little dog named Max. He is my best friend, and we love to go for walks together.One of my dreams is to become a teacher when I grow up. I love helping others and sharing my knowledge with them. I think teachers are superheroes because they can inspire and guide us to become better people. I also want to travel around the world and learn about different cultures. It would be so exciting to see famous landmarks like the Eiffel Tower in Paris or the Great Wall of China.I am a very active person, and I enjoy participating in sports. I am a member of the school's basketball team, and we practice every week. I also take swimming lessons on the weekends. Swimming is so much fun, and it helps me stay fit and healthy. I believe that sports teach us important values like teamwork, discipline, and perseverance.Besides sports, I am also involved in some extracurricular activities at school. I am part of the school choir, and we perform at different events throughout the year. Singing brings me joy, and it makes me feel happy to see people smiling when we perform. I also take art classes, and I like to express my creativity through drawing and painting.In conclusion, I am a friendly and curious girl who loves learning, helping others, and being active. I believe that every day is an opportunity to grow and discover new things. I am excited to be here today and to meet all of you. Thank you for listening to my presentation. If you have any questions, please feel free to ask.篇4Hello everyone! My name is Lily, and I am so excited to stand here and introduce myself to all of you. I am a happy and enthusiastic little girl who loves learning new things and making new friends. Today, I am going to tell you a little bit about myself.First of all, let me start by telling you how old I am. I am eight years old and I am currently studying in the third grade. My favorite subject in school is English because I love reading andwriting stories. I also enjoy learning about different countries and their cultures.In my free time, I have many hobbies that keep me busy and entertained. One of my favorite hobbies is drawing. I love to express my imagination and create colorful drawings. I also enjoy playing the piano. It's so much fun to learn new songs and play them with my friends and family. Besides that, I like playing outdoor games like tag and hide-and-seek with my friends. It's a great way to stay active and have fun at the same time.When it comes to my family, I have a wonderful and supportive one. I live with my mom, dad, and my little brother. My mom is a teacher, and my dad is a doctor. They always encourage me to do my best and follow my dreams. My little brother, Jack, is four years old, and he can be a bit mischievous, but I still love him a lot.One of the things that makes me really happy is making new friends. I believe that friends are like stars that brighten up our lives. I am always eager to meet new people and learn about their interests and hobbies. I think it's important to be kind and helpful to others, and I try my best to be a good friend to everyone around me.In the future, I have big dreams and goals. I want to become a writer and publish my own books. I love to create stories and characters that can inspire others. I also want to travel around the world and learn about different cultures firsthand. There are so many beautiful places to explore, and I can't wait to see them all.In conclusion, I am Lily, an enthusiastic and friendly little girl who loves learning, making friends, and exploring new things. I hope you enjoyed getting to know me a little better. Thank you for listening to my presentation!篇5Hello everyone! My name is Emma and I'm really excited to tell you all about myself today. I just turned 9 years old last month. I have long brown hair and green eyes. My mom says I'm getting so tall - I'm already one of the tallest kids in my 4th grade class!I live with my mom, dad, and little brother Charlie who is 6 years old. We also have a dog named Buddy who is a golden retriever. He's really fun to play with in our backyard. We like to play fetch and sometimes I even let him catch the frisbee in his mouth!My favorite subject in school is math because I think it's really interesting to solve problems and number puzzles. Reading is fun too though, especially books with adventure stories or mysteries to figure out. My least favorite is probably science because I don't like dissecting things or doing experiments with gross stuff.Outside of school, I really love playing sports! Soccer is my absolute favorite sport. I've been playing on a local recreation team since I was 6 years old. I love running up and down the field and trying to score goals. I'm one of the fastest players on my team. I also enjoy basketball, softball, and swimming in the summer.Some of my other hobbies are drawing, listening to music, and watching movies. I'm a really good artist and love using colored pencils or markers to draw pictures of animals, outer space scenes, or just doodling patterns. My favorite singers are Taylor Swift and Billie Eilish - I know all the words to their popular songs! For movies, I like animated films like Frozen or live-action comedies that make me laugh.My family is really important to me. We always eat dinner together and I help my mom set the table. Then we go around and share the best part of our day. I love spending time with myparents and little brother. On weekends, we sometimes go bowling, roller skating, or to the park for a picnic lunch.Last summer, we went on a really fun family vacation to the beach for a week. It was my first time seeing the ocean! I loved building sandcastles, collecting seashells, and swimming in the waves. We also went mini golfing a few times which I'm pretty good at. And we watched fireworks on the 4th of July which was amazing.When I grow up, I think I might want to be a teacher or maybe even a scientist after all. I love learning new things every day. Or maybe I'll become a professional soccer player - that would be so cool! For now though, I'm just enjoying being a kid. Playing with my friends at recess, having sleepovers on weekends, and not having too many responsibilities.That's about it for me - thanks for listening everyone! I'll finish by sharing some of my favorite things: my favorite food is pizza (pepperoni is the best!), my favorite color is purple, my favorite animal is a dolphin, and my favorite holiday is Christmas because I love the decorations and getting presents. Let me know if you have any other questions!篇6Hi everyone! My name is Emma and I'm 8 years old. I'm really excited to tell you all about myself today.First, I want to tell you about my family. I live with my mom, dad, and little brother Charlie who is 5 years old. My mom's name is Sarah and she works as a nurse at the hospital. My dad's name is Michael and he's a teacher at the middle school. We also have a dog named Buddy who is a golden retriever. He's really cute and furry and loves to play fetch!At home, my favorite thing to do is play pretend with my brother. We have so much fun using our imaginations. Sometimes we pretend to be explorers going on adventures in the jungle. Other times we'll pretend to run a restaurant and cook make-believe food for our parents. It's really silly but we laugh so much.I also love arts and crafts. My favorite is making friendship bracelets out of embroidery floss. I can make all sorts of cool patterns and designs. I give them to my friends and they give me bracelets too. We trade them like treasures!In school, my favorite subjects are art class and storytime. I love getting messy with the paints, markers, and clay. And when we have storytime, our teacher Mrs. Thompson has the best voices for all the characters. I can listen to her read for hours!Here's a fun fact about me - my favorite food is pizza! I could eat it every single day. My favorite toppings are pepperoni, sausage, and extra cheese. Sometimes I even put ranch dressing on my pizza which my brother thinks is really gross. But I love it!My favorite holidays are Halloween and Christmas. For Halloween, I love dressing up in fun costumes and getting lots。
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The ParagraphProfessor:Alan Williams Email:alan@ Web page:/group/gucas-w2008-writing-alan-williamsFirst off…. Transitions Quiz This is a TEST! Therefore:•Remove all DICTIONARIES, books, papers and notebooks from your desk.•Do not LOOK at your deskmate’s paper during the test…•Do not TALK to your deskmate or others during the test…Let’s get started!Please refer to Chapter 3, Paragraph Writing in the textbook.A Paragraph is a group of sentences that expresses one main idea clearly.A good paragraph usually has between 5-10 sentences.If your paragraph has more than 10 sentences, you should try to separate the information into 2 paragraphs.A paragraph contains three parts:–Topic Sentence (beginning)–Supporting Sentences (middle)–Concluding Sentence (end)A good paragraph also displays three characteristics:–Unity–Coherence–CompletenessThese are examples of a POOR topic sentence:•Middle school students don’t play enough.•Middle school students are bored in class.This is a much better example:•Middle school students require more recreational time and physical activity in order to better focus on lessons in class.Topic Sentence = First Sentence The Topic Sentence is usually the FIRST SENTENCE of the paragraph.If you can write a well-focused and specific Topic Sentence, it will be easier to write good Supporting Sentences for your paragraph. Let’s look at a sample paragraph that uses the previous topic sentence .Middle school students require more recreational time and physical activity in order to better focus on lessons in class. In fact, studies have shown that students who enjoy a recess of more than 45 minutes regularly score better on tests immediately following the recess period. Furthermore, clinical analysis suggests that physical exercise greatly improves the ability to focus on academic materials; increased blood flow makes the students more alert. Consequently, longer periods of recess will allow them a better chance of success in their studies. Therefore, more recreational time is one of the necessary ingredients for improving student performance in middle school.Topic SentenceNOTE: Since your paragraph is 9-10 sentences long (at a maximum), you do not have a much space to discuss a lot of information or examples.Are these focused and specific topic sentences?–“Beijing has a long history and many famous historic buildings.”–“Beijing has many types of restaurants.”–“Beijing is a cultural centre.”They are a step in the right direction but they could still be more specific for the reader.The Supporting Sentences expand on the main idea introduced by the Topic Sentence.The Supporting Sentences:–follow the Topic Sentence–form the middle of the paragraph–support and explain the Main Idea stated in the Topic Sentence.•In English, we are often very EXPLICIT[ míngquè de ] when explaining or supporting our point of view.•The evidence provided in your Supporting Sentences should be concrete and specific.•Specific details draw the reader’s interest; they will also make meaning clear and forceful. (p. 47)How Do We Support and Explain The Topic Sentence? (pp 52-55)•Use examples•Cite some data: facts, statistics, details •Use quotations from experts.•Include definitions in your paragraphHow Do We Support and Explain The Topic Sentence? (continued)•Compare and contrast•Evaluate causes and reasons •Examine effects and consequences •Offer a chronology or time sequence of an eventMiddle school students require more recreational time and physical activity in order to better focus on lessons in class. In fact, studies have shown that students who enjoy a recess of more than 45 minutes regularly score better on tests immediately following the recess period. Furthermore, clinical analysis suggests that physical exercise greatly improves the ability to focus on academic materials; increased blood flow makes the students more alert. Consequently, longer periods of recess will allow them a better chance of success in their studies. Therefore, more recreational time is one of the necessary ingredients for improving student performance in middle school.Unity(pp. 45-47)A good paragraph has unity.•Unity = All Supporting Sentences relate to the Main Idea of the Topic Sentence.•If a sentence is not related to the Main Idea, it should not be included in the paragraph.Middle school students require more recreational time and physical activity in order to better focus on lessons in class. In fact, studies have shown that students who enjoy a recess of more than 45 minutes regularly score better on tests immediately following the recess period. Furthermore, clinical analysis suggests that physical exercise greatly improves the ability to focus on academic materials; increased blood flow makes the students more alert. Another problem is that students do not like to study math. Consequently, longer periods of recess will allow them a better chance of success in their studies. Therefore, more recreational time is one of the necessary ingredients for improving student performance in middle school.Remove this sentence •“Another problem is that students do not like to study math.”•This sentence is off the topic because it does not add anything to the main idea of the Topic Sentence (students need more recreational time).•Therefore, it disrupts the paragraph’s Unity and should be taken out.Coherence(pp. 48-51)A good paragraph also has coherence. Coherence means to arrange the sentences in a smooth and logical way.•Coherence has 2 parts:–how you arrange your ideas–the words and phrases you use to connectthe ideas. These are called Transitions.•Transition = words or phrases you use to connect the ideas in your paragraph.Arranging your ideas•Begin with the least important detail and proceed to the most important… or the most important to least important;•Move from general information to specific…or from specific information to general;•Discuss the cause(s) of a problem and then discuss its effect(s);•Provide a list of reasons or details;•Proceed in chronological order.Middle school students require more recreational time and physical activity in order to better focus on lessons in class. In fact, studies have shown that students who enjoy a recess of more than 45 minutes regularly score better on tests immediately following the recess period. Furthermore, clinical analysis suggests that physical exercise greatly improves the ability to focus on academic materials; increased blood flow makes the students more alert.Consequently, longer periods of recess will allow them a better chance of success in their studies. Therefore, more recreational time is one of the necessary ingredients for improving student performance in middle school.Example of CoherenceThe paragraph starts with specific details.•recess of more than 45 minutes…•clinical analysis suggests…•increased blood flow makes the students more alert…It then states an effect of more recreational timeon student performance.•Consequently, longer periods of recess will allow them a better chance of success in their studies.TransitionsTo improve the coherence in a paragraph, we use transitions.Transitions give the paragraph a smooth flow and connect the ideas within the paragraph.** For the transitions to use in specific situations, refer to our Transitions Study Sheet.Examples:Transitions •in fact(emphasis)•furthermore (additional fact or idea)•consequently(shows a result)•therefore (leads in to the concluding sentence)Good Work!Let’s take a quick break…Concluding Sentence (p. 55)•A paragraph should always end with a Concluding Sentence.•This sentence should relate back to the main idea that you first stated in the Topic Sentence.•Often, a Concluding Sentence begins with a transitional word or phrase.Transitions for the ConcludingSentence•To sum up,•In summary,•Therefore,•In short,•Thus,•To conclude,•In conclusion,Middle school students require more recreational time and physical activity in order to better focus on lessons in class. In fact, studies have shown that students who enjoy a recess of more than 45 minutes regularly score better on tests immediately following the recess period. Furthermore, clinical analysis suggests that physical exercise greatly improves the ability to focus on academic materials; increased blood flow makes the students more alert. Consequently, longer periods of recess will allow them a better chance of success in their studies. Therefore, more recreational time is one of the necessary ingredients for improving student performance in middle school.Example: Concluding Sentence “Therefore, more recreational time is one of the necessary ingredients for improving student performance in middle school.”•The sentence uses therefore, a transition word for conclusions.•Also, it again mentions the benefits of more recreational time for student performance, which was the Main Idea from the Topic Sentence.Completeness(pp. 47-48)A paragraph is complete when it:•has a specific Topic Sentence with a Main Idea;•provides support and evidence in its Supporting Sentences to explain the Main Idea;•has thoughts organized in a logical pattern and uses transitions to connect these ideas; and •has a Concluding Sentence that summarizes the writer’s viewpoint on the Main Idea.Good Work!Now, based on the ideas that we discussed today for writing a goodparagraph…Remember:•Have your homework ready to hand in next class!•NOTE: Yes, I realize it is Qingming Jie this weekend, so please do not wait until Sunday night to write your paragraph!Remember:•Your homework must be TYPED and Double-Spaced. Otherwise, I will give it back to you…•No PEN mark corrections when you turn it in.•Include your name in PINYIN and the Class # at the top of the page.Plagiarism is WRONG!•Plagiarism = copying directly from someone else’s work and then saying that it is your own.•DO NOT DO THIS!! If I discover that you have simply copied your paragraph from a web site or elsewhere, you will get a zero!•Please write your own homework assignment. This is how you will improve your writing.。