[K12学习]内蒙古正镶白旗察汗淖中学2017-2018学年高一英语下学期期末考试试题

内蒙古正镶白旗察汗淖中学2017-2018学年高一英语下学期期末考试试题（总分：120）注意事项：1．答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息2．请将答案正确填写在答题卡上第I卷（选择题）一、阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

AThere is no doubt that many parents want to mold (塑造)their child to be better, faster, smarter and more skilled. Even though human parents can’t do that, a robot that builds its own children can. Scientists at the University of Cambridge in England have created a mother robot that not only creates its own children, but tests out their performance. The mother robot analyzes(分析)the performance of each of the “children” it creates, and passes down good characters to the next generationFor example, as the mother creates them and puts them to work, she measures how they’re behaving, and she uses data from this behavior to create the next generation of robots. The mother robot can actually build hundreds of child robots and see the performance of these child robots. And if their performance is good, keep their design for the next generation. And if bad, just let it go.“We program the robots based on some functions that define(规定)the reward the robots are going to get, depending on the construction that they make. They cannot change their own reward. For the child robot, the longer the distance the robot walks, the better the reward it receives,” said Fumiya Iida, the lead researcher.After several generations, the “children” were running twice as fast.“The mother robot produced 500 robots to see which one is good and which one is bad,” said Iida.The researchers believe that the machines can be used in a car factory, for example, where robot cameras examine each ear in production line, find out any mistakes, and then design a better car.1．What is special about the mother robot?A. It can analyze dataB. It can create child robotsC. It’s smarter than human mothersD. It can build and improve its own children.2．How does the mother robot mold her own children to be better?A. It teachers them how to behave better.B. It reprograms the bad ones after analyzing their performanceC. It copies hundreds of child robots and then chooses the best ones.D. It keeps the good characters for the next generation to create a better robot. 3．What is the key point in influencing the child robot to receive a reward?A. SizeB. Distance.C. BehaviorD. Speed.BTaking a shower is relaxing. You can hum a song, daydream or think about nothing, leaving the real world behind you. But did you know that showering can also benefit your mind?A research by Scott Barry Kaufman, a psychologist from Yale University in the US interviewed over 3,000 people around the world. It turned out that nearly two-thirds of the interviewees said they had experienced new ideas in the shower and were more likely to have them in the shower than at work.So why does a simple shower have such magic power? Science can explain it. Showering can help to raise our level of dopamine, a hormone (荷尔蒙) closely related to our creativity. “People vary in terms of their level of creativity acc ording to the activity of dopamine”, explained Alice Flaherty, a famous Americanneuroscientist. “Taking a warm shower can make us feel relaxed and therefore make the dopamine level rise and bring ‘Aha!' moment to us.”Besides the chemical changes, showering may give you a break from what you feel you have been stuck with. Especially when you have thought hard all day about a problem, jumping into the shower can keep you from the outside world so that you can focus on your inner feelings and memories. In this way, according to American psychologist Shelley H. Carson, author of Your Creative Brain, “a showering hour may turn into an ‘incubation (孵化) period’ for your ideas.”Compared with sitting in front of a computer, taking a shower is something we do less frequently in our daily life. When showering, we get a fresh experience with the change of location, temperature and humidity. “New and unexpected experiences can lead to positive changes in thinking,” explained Kaufman. “Getting off the couch and jumping i n the shower may create a distance and force you to think from a new point of view.”Showering allows us to enjoy the creative juices of our minds, but it needn't just be the bathroom where you get your inspiration. For instance, Gertrude Stein, a female American writer and poet, got new ideas by driving around a farm and stopping at different cows until she found the one that most inspired her. So try to create your own way to free your mind, whether it's a walk near the ocean, a country drive or reading a book at home.4．According to the article, what changes can showering cause?A. Bringing the terrible moment to us.B. Increasing the level of dopamine.C. Leading to boredom or tiredness.D. Setting the creative part of the brain free.5．If one has focused on something all day, showering can help _______.A. turn one’s attention inwardsB. draw one’s attention to the outside worldC. one make an important breakthroughD. many chemical changes to take place6．It can be inferred from the article that _______.A. changes in the frequency of an action can create a new perspectiveB. it is a good idea to talk with others about their sources of inspirationC. our lives might feel longer and fuller if we frequently try new thingsD. it is helpful to try something different rather than stay focused on a difficult task7．The example of Gertrude Stein in the last paragraph is used to _______.A. encourage readers to find their own ways of getting inspirationB. point out to readers that it's hard to find inspirationC. explain how to link inspiration with readers’ daily livesD. show that creativity often comes from strange placesCBreakfast is the most important meal of the day. It is also the most neglected（忽视）.Common reason for not eating breakfast include having no time, not feeling hungry, traditional dislike and dieting.Breakfast simply means “break the fast”. Your body spends at least 6 to 12 hours each night in a fasting state. In the morning your body needs energy for the day’s work ahead.A good breakfast should provide 1/3 of your total calorie（卡路里）needs for the day. On average,we eat 400 less calories for breakfast than for dinner. If breakfast doesn’t attract you in the morning, try eating a lighter dinner earlier in the evening or save half of your dinner for breakfast in the morning.Some people fear that eating breakfast will make them hungrier during the day and they will eat more. It is true that eating breakfast is likely to make feel hungry throughout the day. That is because your body id working correctly. Although you may feel as if you are eating more all day long, in reality you are probably not. Not eating breakfast can also cause you to overeat, since a fall in blood sugar often makes you feel very hungry later.Since breakfast is the first and most important meal of the day, choosing the right food is important, the best breakfast foods are fruits, juice, lean meat and grain products such as bread, rice, noodles and cereals（谷物）.8．Which meal is the most neglected according to the passage?A. Supper.B. Lunch.C. breakfast.D. dinner.9．Which is not the reason for people to miss breakfast?A. A bigger meal in the mid-morning.B. Feeling full in the morning.C. The fast pace of modern life.D. Have a little supper.10．The best title for this article is_____.A. Diet and Breakfast.B. Breakfast: Well Begin, Half Done.C. What is a Good BreakfastD. Bad Eating Habits of Modern People11．In the last paragraph，the writer mainly__________．A. persuades us to have a good breakfastB. tells us what food we should have for breakfastC. tells us what food isn't suitable for breakfastD. describes when and how we should have our breakfast．DThe Crowne Plaza Hotel in Copenhagen is offering a free meal to any guest who is able to produce electricity for the hotel on an exercise bike linked to a generator (发电机). The idea is to get people fit and reduce their carbon footprint. Guests will have to produce at least 10 watt hours of electricity —roughly 15 minutes of cycling for someone of average fitness. Guests staying at Plaza Hotel will be given meal tickets worth $ 36 once they have produced 10 watt hours of electricity. The bicycles will have smart phones attached to the handlebars measuring how much power is being generated for the hotel.The plan, a world-first, will start on 19 April and run for a year. Only guests staying at the hotel will be able to take part. Frederikke Toemmergaard，hotel spokeswoman, said, “Many of our visitors are business people who enjoy going to the gym. There might be people who will cycle just to get a free meal, but generally I don’t think people will take advantage of our programme.”Copenhagen has a long-standing cycling tradition and 36 % of locals cycle to work each day, one of the highest percentages in the world, according to the websitevisitcopenhagen. dk. US environmental website treehugger. com recently voted Copenhagen the world’s best city for cyclists. “Because Copenhagen is strongly connected with cycling, we felt the bicycle would work well as a symbo l of the hotel’s green profile (形象).”If successful，the electric bicycle meal programme will be spread to all Crowne Plaza hotels in the UK, the hotel said in a statement.12．What is the main purpose of the free meal programme?A. To promote the hotel’s gr een concept.B. To make the city known to the world.C. To attract people to the hotel restaurant.D. To get guests to stay longer at the hotel.13．How can a participant get a free meal?A. By becoming a professional cyclist.B. By cycling to produce some electricity.C. By linking a smart phone to a bicycle.D. By monitoring his or her carbon footprint.14．Who are most likely to enter for the programme?A. The poor local people.B. The environment activists.C. Health-conscious hotel guests.D. Visitors fond of Copenhagen food.15．According to Paragraph 3, Copenhagen has one of the world’s .A. best chain hotelsB. greenest natural environmentsC. longest bike pathsD. highest rates of people cycling to work第二节、七选五（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）Every year, about 600 monkeys are invited to eat fruits and vegetables during an annualfeast(盛宴)in Thailand. 16．It is said that Rama once rewarded his friend Hanuman, the Monkey King, with some land. Organizers of the annual Monkey Buffet use more than 3,000 kg of fruits and vegetables to prepare for the feast.This event is held in England. Though it might sound very gentle, it is actually very dangerous. Running down a very steep hill behind a 7-pound wheel of cheese can be very dangerous. In fact, the police have attempted to ban the event, but participants have refused to carry out the ban. Men and their cheese wheels cannot be separated so easily. 17． Simple: the cheese is set rolling down the hill, and the racers run down the hill after the cheese. However, as the cheese can reach speeds of up to 70 miles per hour, it rarely happens that someone catches the cheese. 18．In this festival, grown men jump over newborns, with their parents’ permission. 19． This custom has been observed since 1620; any onlookers who seem to be in need of ＂cleaning＂ also get involved in the event.20． This Naked (裸的) Festival is held in dozens of places throughout Japan every year, usually in summer or winter. Hidden somewhere in these men is one fully naked man, and touching him is believed to bring good luck.A. This event is very interesting.B. Everybody takes an active part in it.C. So what happens during a cheese roll?D. The first to reach the bottom wins the cheese.E. It is held in honor of Rama, the greatest of the Gods.F. There is a Japanese festival where participants wear little clothing.G. Wearing scary costumes, the Spanish men attempt to ＂clean＂ babies of evil (邪恶).二，语言知识运用完形填空，阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。