2.2 programming languages

Key Words
in‘sFra Baidu bibliotekrʌ ʃən instruction [ in‘strʌkʃən ] 指令
A machine code telling a computer to perform a particular operation.
assembler [ ə‘sembl ] 汇编程序 ‘semblə ‘sembl abstract [ ‘æbstrækt ] 抽象的
of or relating to meaning or the study of meaning
key words
‘deitə data [ ‘deit ] 数据
The data stored in a computer can be protected.
语法， syntax [ ‘sintæks ] 语法，句法
in‘tə:prit :pritə 解释器， interpreter [ in‘t :prit ] 解释器，解释 程序
A program that translates an instruction into a machine language and executes it before proceeding to the next instruction.
exercises
Key Words
assembly [ ə‘sembli ] 汇编 ‘sembli
The automatic translation of symbolic code into machine code.
equivalent [ i‘kwiv lənt ] 等价的，相等 i‘kwivəl nt 等价的， 的，相当的
Key Words
源代码， source code 源代码，源码 object code 目标代码 kəm‘pail compile [ k m‘pail ] 编译
To translate (a program) into machine language.
sək‘seʃən k‘seʃə succession [ s k‘seʃən ] 连续 intermediate [ .intə‘mi:dj t ] 中级 .int ‘mi:djət ‘mi:dj 的，中间的
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Programming languages are important tools for helping software engineers write better programs faster.
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Procedural programming involves using your knowledge of a programming language to create computer memory locations that can hold values and writing a series of steps or operations that manipulate those values.
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A single procedural program often contains hundreds of variable and thousands of procedure calls.
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Object-oriented programming is an extension of procedural programming in which you take a slightly different approach to writing computer programs.
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Writing object-oriented programs involves both creating objects and creating applications that use those objects.
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An executable program is a sequence of extremely simple instructions known as machine code.
Wet weather is a feature of life in this area.
唯一的， uniquely [ ju:‘ni:kli ] 唯一的，独特的
A collection of data in which each item is uniquely identified by a label
He changed his pounds for the equivalent amount in dollars.
in‘strʌ 命令， instruct [ in‘strʌkt ] 命令，指示
to give orders to The statement “MOVE A,B” in assembly language instructs the computer to copy data from one location to another.
key words
code： Example of machine code： Jumping to the address 1024: [ op | target address ] 2 1024 decimal 000010 00000 00000 00000 00100 000000 binary
objectobject-oriented 面向对象的
variable ['vǫǩriǩbl] 变量 'vǫǩriǩbl]
The temperature was a variable in the experiment.
in‘vəuk invoke [ in‘v uk ] 调用
to invoke a function or procedure
exercises
key words
‘prəugræm n.程序 v.编程 program [ ‘pr ugræm ] n.程序 v.编程
A programmer’s work is programming programs.
standardized [ 'stænd .daizd ] 标准的, 'stændə.daizd 标准的, 定型的 语法的, syntactic [ sin'tæktik ] 语法的,句法的 semantic [ si‘mæntik ] 语义的
Exercises
程序， 程序，编程 数据 对象 面向对象的 机器语言
第2次课
Review
程序， 程序，编程 数据 对象 面向对象的 机器语言
Main contents
Key words Text
Assembly Language HighHigh-Level Languages Compiler and Interpreter
We may talk of beautiful things, but beauty itself is abstract.
Key Words
‘simbəl symbol [ ‘simb l ] 符号
The chemical symbol for copper is "Cu".
clerical [ ‘klerik l ] 文书上的，事务上的 ‘klerikəl 文书上的， ‘fi:tʃə 特征，特点， feature [ ‘fi:tʃə ] 特征，特点，特色
Each machine language instruction has an equivalent command in assembly language.
Text – Assembly Language
Assembly language is sometimes inserted into a high-level language program to carry out specific hardware tasks or to speed up a high-level program.
Text – Assembly Language
Assembly language uses commands that are easier for programmers to understand than are machine-language commands.
Text – Assembly Language
The rules governing construction of a machine language.
procedural [prǩ'si:dȢǩrǩl ] a. 过程 prǩ'si:dȢ 的 'ǤbdȢikt] object ['ǤbdȢikt] 对象
key words
orient ['Ǥ:riǩnt] 面向的，朝向的 'Ǥ:riǩnt] 面向的，
key words
machine language 机器语言
Sometimes referred to as machine code or object code, machine language is a collection of binary digits or bits that the computer reads and interprets. Machine language is the only language a computer is capable of understanding.
Text-HighText-High-Level Languages
A high-level programming language is a means of writing down, in formal terms, the steps that must be performed to process a given set of data in a uniquely defined way.
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A programming language or computer language is a standardized communication technique for expressing instructions to a computer.
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A language enables a programmer to precisely specify what data a computer will act upon, how these data will be stored /transmitted, and what actions to take under various circumstances of cases.
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Machine code instructions are binary—that is, sequences of bits (0s and 1s).
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Because these numbers are not understood easily by humans, computer instructions usually are not written in machine code.
Key Words
kəm‘pail m‘pailə 编译器， compiler [ k m‘pail ] 编译器，编译程序
A program that translates another highprogram written in a high-level language into machine language so that it can be executed.
Ch2 software knowledge
2.2 programming languages
第1次课
review
网络 文档， 文档，文件 LAN WAN
Main contents
Key words Text
Programming language Procedural programming and objectobject-oriented programming Machine language