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社会生活的意义英语作文

Social life is an integral part of our existence,shaping our personalities,values,and behaviors.It is through our interactions with others that we learn,grow,and develop as individuals.Here are some key aspects that highlight the significance of social life:1.Personal Development:Social life provides a platform for personal growth.It is through our relationships and interactions that we learn empathy,communication skills, and conflict resolution.These skills are crucial for our personal and professional development.2.Cultural Exchange:Social interactions expose us to different cultures,beliefs,and customs.This exposure broadens our horizons,fostering a deeper understanding and appreciation of diversity,which is essential in todays globalized world.3.Mental Health:Engaging in social activities is beneficial for mental health.It helps to reduce feelings of loneliness and isolation,which are common in todays fastpaced, technologydriven society.Social connections can provide emotional support and a sense of belonging.4.Professional Networking:Building a network of professional contacts is vital for career advancement.Social life offers opportunities to meet people from various industries,which can lead to new job prospects,collaborations,and mentorship.munity Building:Social life is the foundation of community.It is through our social interactions that we form bonds with our neighbors,contribute to local events,and participate in community projects,which in turn strengthens the social fabric of our neighborhoods.6.Innovation and Creativity:Social life stimulates creativity and innovation.When we share ideas with others,we can create new perspectives and solutions to problems.This exchange of ideas is the driving force behind many advancements in science,technology, and the arts.7.Conflict Resolution:Social life teaches us how to navigate conflicts.It is through our interactions with others that we learn negotiation skills,compromise,and the importance of finding common ground.8.Civic Engagement:Being socially active often leads to greater civic engagement. Social life can inspire individuals to participate in political processes,volunteer work, and advocacy for social causes,contributing to the betterment of society.9.Health Benefits:Studies have shown that people with strong social ties tend to have better physical health.Social support can influence health behaviors,such as exercise and diet,and can provide a buffer against stress.10.Life Satisfaction:Ultimately,social life contributes to our overall life satisfaction. The joy of shared experiences,the comfort of companionship,and the sense of being part of something larger than ourselves all contribute to a more fulfilling life.In conclusion,social life is not just a part of our routine it is a fundamental aspect of human existence that enriches our lives in numerous ways.It is through our social interactions that we find meaning,build relationships,and contribute to the world around us.。

个人理财规划外文翻译文献编辑

文献信息：文献标题：A Study of Personal Financial Planning Process and Socio-Economic Decision-Making in Households（个人理财规划过程与家庭社会经济决策研究）国外作者：S Shah，AS Bhatt文献出处：《Social Science Electronic Publishing》,2016字数统计：英文2308单词，13376字符；中文4089汉字外文文献：A Study of Personal Financial Planning Process andSocio-Economic Decision-Making in Households Abstract In the current era, planning of finance is assuming extreme importance as myriad financial products are available and individuals’ demands are increasing. Personal financial planning is a process which outlines one’s financial objectives and takes financial decisions in a manner that his goals are achieved. The process of financial planning and decision-making in household has been studied independently by various researchers. However, these are essentially intertwined in nature. In view of this, the researchers have undertaken the task of understanding whether individuals followed the Personal Financial Planning process consciously and whether this was linked to household decision-making, especially in the social and economic areas. This paper also examines gender inequality in household decision-making and how household decision-making evolves with time. The study was conducted in the Ahmedabad district of Gujarat, and a sample size of 196 respondents was selected on judgmental basis to meet the objective of the study. The response rate was 78% (n=150) which is considered to be acceptable for a research study. The sample size was equally split between males and females. The survey was carried out in June- July, 2014.Analysis has been done by using Analysis of Variance(ANOV A), Binary Logistic Regression and Chi-square.It was found that age influences components of Personal financial planning (PFP) like determining one’s financial objectives, knowledge of finance, satisfaction regarding current economic status, and retirement planning. Likewise, gender, income, education, profession and marital status affect various components of PFP. It was also found that household economic and social decisions were related to income and investment of the respondent. Further, it could be inferred that in a household, males held more bargaining power in taking economic decisions, while females exerted more influence in taking social decisions.Key-words: Personal financial planning, financial objective, household economic decisions, household social decisions1.IntroductionHousehold financial management is that activity which is concerned with planning and controlling finances of individuals and households. The concept ‘personal financial management’ is of immense interest to researchers, academicians and policy formulators in the context of global economic crisis and financial inclusion in developing countries. As in the case of a nation or business institution, finance plays a crucial role in the life of an individual, to rich or poor. Mobilisation of finance and its wise and efficient deployment play a strategic role in the well-being of a nation or institution and at the most in the case of a person who is the base or starting point of any economic activity. Personal finance as a branch of economics deals with budgeting, saving, investing, borrowing, lending, insuring, and diversifying.Personal financial planning denotes the process of determining whether and how an individual can meet life goals through the proper management of financial sources.(CFP Board, 2005) Financial literacy and financial well-being are mutually related with each other (UNDP and PFIP, 2010). Financial well-being is the ability to have wealth to serve life - to have the financial means to comfortably attain whatever personal goals one has to enjoy an acceptable lifestyle. Sociological research data indicate that fourfactors strongly predict happiness and overall well-being in most cultures: health, economic status, employment, and family relationships. People are happier when they are healthy, employed, married or in a committed relationship, and financially secure. There is a relationship between an individual’s ability to do something (competence) and well-being (both self-perceived happiness and economic well-being). Well- being is, at least in part, a product of competent behaviour enacted consistently over time. Financial capability and financial competence therefore influence a person’s well-being. The opportunity accorded to people to engage with the formal financial system and how well they manage the money they have will influence their standard of living and the standard of living of those for whom they are responsible.Like never before, researchers, public authorities, community groups, industry associations and international organisations, are initiating financial literacy programmes and want to understand how people can become financially literate, or in other words, have the knowledge, understanding, skills and competence to deal with everyday financial matters and make the right choices for their needs.2.Literature Review2.1.Financial Literacy & PlanningVery few articles and research papers were found those have founded identical theories of personal financial planning. The term personal finance is having its root in micro-economics, finance and behavioral science as this area originated from home economics to various finance theories to behavioral finance. An Individual, as a consumer, is a rational being who tries to use his or her money income to derive the utmost amount of consummation or utility from it. Consumers want to get "the most for their money" or, to exceed their total utility as per ‘Maximisation of utility’ theory. Money is scarce in nature and due to this, consumers tend to be rational in their purchasing decisions. A consumer would spend his money on the best possible purpose or product and only when needed that guarantees optimum utility or a complete sense of satisfaction.Considering the importance of financial literacy, in RBI-OECD Workshop onFinancial Literacy, Bengaluru, in March, 2010 Sri Pranabkumar Mukerjee, Hon’ble Minister for Finance in his speech narrated “Financial literacy and education plays a crucial role in financial inclusion.” He further added that research and existing literature in financial literacy have typically associated an individual’s knowledge of economics and finance with his financial decisions related to savings, spending, borrowing, retirement planning, or portfolio choice. Today, financial competence has become essential due to complex choices and, while the policies need to enable access, the responsibility for saving and investing for the future primarily lies with the individuals. Another study by Miller M., Godfrey N., Levesque B. and Stark E. (2009) discussed the importance of financial literacy for consumers in developing countries, especially in the context of the global financial crisis.The authors stated that financial literacy was an active process, in which communicating information was only the beginning: empowering consumers to take action to improve their financial well-beingwas the ultimate goal. This study presented empirical evidence on thevalue of financial literacy programs and made a case for further research in determining the most effective financial literacy tools, programs and public policies, especially in the context of developing countries. Lusardi A. (2001), a world famous financial literacy scholar and academician, in her article ‘Financial literacy around the world: an overview’ stated that in an increasingly risky and globalised market-place, people must be able to make well-informed financial decisions.2.2.Socio-Economic decisions in householdHousehold decision-making affects many choices with important consequences including the distribution of income, allocation of resources, allocation of time, purchase of goods, and fertility decisions. If there is gender inequality in household decision making then this affects the economic well-being of women and children in the household. Blood and Wolfe (1960) in their study based on households in the Detroit area of the United States, found that comparative resources of the wife and husband were more important determinants in decision-making and power than social norms. The spouse with the greater resource base was more likely to have more decision making power. Similar studies done in lower and middle-income countriesreported different results. Research in Yugoslavia and Greece found that husband’s socio-economic resources were negatively related to his power (Buric and Zecevic 1967, Safilios- Rothschild 1967). A study conducted in India by Rammu (1988) which included urban, dual and single income earning households found that the more resources the partner brought into the marriage, in terms of education, income and occupational status, the more decision-making power he/she possessed. He also found that women who were gainfully employed exercised greater authority in all spheres of decision-making compared to women engaged in domestic housework only. However, even employed women did not succeed in negotiating a noticeable change in the allocation of domestic housework, perhaps a consequence of the timeless social norm of women doing housework. In one more study conducted in Venezuela (Lawrence and Mancini 1998) focused on decision-making concerning four subjects: purchase of household goods, change in residence, household finances and children’s education. The study found that while a majority of households made decisions jointly, more women made decisions concerning the purchase of household goods and children’s education compared to men, while men dominated decisions concerning household finances and change in residence.The process of financial planning and decision-making in household has been studied independently in the previous researches. However, these are essentially intertwined and if one wants to achieve life goals, financial literacy is a necessity. In view of this, the researches undertook the task of understanding whether individuals followed the Personal Financial Planning (PFP) process consciously and whether this was linked to household decision-making, especially in the social and economic areas. Further, there is a dearth of research related to this topic especially in Gujarat state of India. Hence, the researchers carried out the study in Gujarat.3.Research MethodologyOn the basis of review of literature and evidences from psychological studies, the present study has been planned with the following objectives:1)To analyse the effect of demographic variables on household financial planning2)To find out the relationship between financial planning decisions and economic and social decisions3)To find out the gender impact on economic and social decisionsThe study was conducted in the Ahmedabad district of Gujarat, and a sample size of 196 respondents was selected on judgmental basis to meet the objectives of the study. The total number of questionnaires distributed was 196. We received 176 questionnaires, but some of them had one or more missing responses. Such questionnaires were discarded and were not considered for further analysis. The final sample size after discarding the questionnaires with missing responses was 150. Thus the response rate was 78% which is considered to be acceptable for a research study. The respondents carried equal number of males and females. The survey was carried out in June-July, 2014. The profile of the respondents with respect to demographics like age, gender, qualification, income, marital status and household investments has been presented in the data analysis section.The research design for the study is descriptive in nature. The questionnaire constructed for the study included several questions which were continuous and categorical in nature. The survey consisted of questions that covered demographics, financial attitude towards personal financial planning, preferences for investment avenues, and purposes for investment.Definition of ConstructsThe components of personal financial planning were obtained through literature review regarding how individuals consider each component in their household financial planning decisions.•Financial Objective: Financial objectives are life goals converted into monetary terms. They can be categorised based on time period- Short term, Medium term and Long term financial objectives.•Knowledge: Knowledge of financial products, terms, financial services and financial markets required for personal financial management.•Satisfaction: Satisfaction in context to personal financial components viz. obtaining, saving, borrowing, investment planning.•Tax efficiency: Proper management of financial resources to avail various rebates and concessions thereby reducing tax liability.•Insurance Coverage: Adequate insurance coverage of life, health and property against risks associated.•Retirement Income: Availability of sufficient corpus to maintain the same standard of living in non-earning years.Data Analysis ApproachAnalysis is done using SPSS software 19.0 and Microsoft excel.Description of Analytical Tools•To find out the impact of the demographical variables on household financial planning, One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOV A) has been applied for each component identified through literature review and each demographic variable viz. gender, age, income, education, profession and marital status.•To find out the association between financial and socio-economic decisions, Chi square has been applied.•To further analyse the gender impact on economic and social decisions Bivariate Logistic regression is applied where gender is taken as predictor variable and decision taker as outcome variable.4.Managerial ImplicationsThere is significant association between gender and financial objective, knowledge of finance and retirement planning, wherein males agree more to having knowledge and adequate retirement planning.•The older age group (40 – 60 years) disagree more as compared to other age groups when it comes to satisfaction, financial objective, knowledge and retirement planning processes of financial planning.•The higher income group (above 8 lacs) disagree more when it comes to deriving satisfaction from the current PFP, however, the low income group agreed more to tax efficiency as they fall in the tax exempted category.•The non-employed group had less knowledge of the formal financial planning process as compared to the salaried and business groups, and the business class significantly differed from other two groups for retirement planning component.•The marital status is related to several components of PFP, viz. financial objective, knowledge, tax efficiency, and insurance coverage and the categories differ among themselves marginally for these components. However, the divorced category was found to be lacking on the financial objectives and satisfaction part.Looking at the above findings, it became increasingly clear that the typical target group for conducting financial literacy programs would consist of young and middle-aged, females who are home-makers. But the next question was whether they are influential in household decision- making. If they are not typical decision-makers, the training shall not impact the actual decisions taken in the household. Hence, a few significant economic and social decisions of the household were identified and the role of females was studied. The analysis indicated that males play a dominant role in taking economic decisions while females play a leading role in taking social decisions of the household. Hence, the financial literacy programs while targeting the above-mentioned group should especially capture the process of PFP, with a focus on social decisions taken in the household.中文译文：个人理财规划过程与家庭社会经济决策研究摘要在当前时代，随着金融产品的大量激增，以及个人需求的不断上升，理财规划开始变得非常重要。

全周期地方标准实施效果评价方法研究——以DB32

学术研讨全周期地方标准实施效果评价方法研究——以DB32/T 3303-2017为例■ 赵翠杨济如* 曹思齐（江苏省质量和标准化研究院）摘要：实施效果评价是地方标准全生命周期中的重要环节，是开展标准修订工作的重要基础。

文章分析了国内外标准实施效果评价的研究现状，建立了地方标准实施效果评价指标体系，提出在标准制定、实施及效益反馈全周期内开展地方标准综合评价的方法，并以DB32/T 3303-2017为例验证了全周期地方标准实施效果评价方法的有效性。

旨在运用实施效果评价的手段提高地方标准质量，为地方标准实施与修订提供针对性建议。

关键词：地方标准，实施效果评价，评价指标体系，标准制修订DOI编码：10.3969/j.issn.1002-5944.2024.05.004Research on Evaluation Methods of the Implementation Effect of Local Standards in the Whole Cycle—Taking DB32/T 3303-2017 as an ExampleZHAO Cui YANG Ji-ru* CAO Si-qi（Jiangsu Institute of Quality and Standardization）Abstract:The evaluation of implementation effect is an important part of the whole life cycle of local standards, and an important basis for the revision of standards. This paper aims to improve the quality of local standards by means of implementation effect evaluation, and provide targeted suggestions for the implementation and revision of local standards. This paper analyzes the research status of the implementation effect evaluation of standards at home and abroad, establishes the evaluation index system for the implementation effect of local standards, and puts forward the method to carry out the comprehensive evaluation of local standards in the whole cycle of the development, implementation and beneﬁ t feedback of standards. This paper takes DB32/T 3303-2017 as an example to verify the effectiveness of the evaluation method of the implementation effect of local standards in the whole cycle.Keywords: local standard, implementation effect evaluation, evaluation index system, standards development and revision0 引言标准引领是地方步入高质量发展、参与高质量竞争的重要标志，而地方标准实施效果的评价，则是对标准赋能地方高质量发展所起作用的衡量手段，是地方标准优化与改进中的重要一环。

SeniorProjectManager高级项目经理英文

Senior Project Manager高级项目经理英文Name: *** gender : maleBirth : *** telephone : 150***Degree : Bachelor Professional: Information Management and Information SystemExperience : 10years national : HanSchool: ***Universityaddress : ***E-mail : ***Self Assessment:1. Skilled in developing with HTML/JavaScript//C#, experienced in 3-layer system architecture.2. Have a good knowledge of J2EE platform, experienced in Java platform such as struts/spring/hibernate/.3. Expert in programming on SQL Server 2000/SQL Server 2005/Oracle 10g; includes Transact-SQL and PL/SQL, experienced in database design, optimize, database partition and solutions for mess data.4. Expert in project management with good communication skills and soft skills. Good knowledge in software development mode such as scrum, waterfall, RUP and CMMI, and good at putting to use different way to deal with different situation.5. Well-experienced in presales and marketing, and the whole process of tendering and bidding. With good capability on business analysis, requirement understanding and solution design. Good at face-to-face contact with customers.6. Fluent in English, be capable of working in English working environment.Target Job ：Desired Job Category: Project Director | Project Manager/Supervisor | Product Manager | ERP Technical/Application Consultant | IT Manager/SupervisorDesired Job Industry: Software | IT Service/System Integration | Banking | Internet/e-Commerce | Telecommunications (Equipment/Operation/Value-Added Service)Desired Salary: NegotiableDesired City: ***I can start from: within 1 monthWork Experience：Project ManagerResponsibilities and Achievements:1. Responsible for implementing information system according to the business process and management mode of different departments, responsible for requirements collecttion, business analysis, system modeling, architecture design and system implementation with developers;2. Responsible for recruit, interview applicants and group project team;3. As the project manager of the first party, responsible for writing project bidding documents, software requirements specification document; assessing and analyzing candidates bid for projects;4. Responsible for the companys internal IT process formulation and improvement.Achievements:As a project manager of the first party, implemented property management system and enterprise information portal system, optimized the database of the distribution system, and fulfilled the project associating with the developers of the software outsourcing company.2008.2-2010.3 ***Technologies Inc.Senior Project ManagerResponsibilities and Achievements:Job description:As project manager:1. Establish project team based on the estimated workload of projects;2. Communicate with customer face to face, lead project team to investigate, gather, and analyze requirements from users.3. Active participation in system architecture design, database design base on requirements.4. Lead project team into implementing projects.5. Take control with all aspects of projects such as scope, cost, progress and so on, to ensure that the projects are delivered and meet quality standard.As presales consultant:1. Compile project proposal based on RFP, RFI or URS from customers.2. Estimate workload based on requirement from customer, and make quotations according to workload estimates.3. Compile PPT slide for presentations to bid for projects.4. Active participation in competitive bidding process, make presentations before customers to show proposals for projects. Achievements:As a project manager, accomplished several projects for ***and***i, and met with customers approval.As a presales consultant, participated in the bidding process of 14 projects, associated with sales negotiate with customer, gained many project opportunities for the company.2006.2-2008.2 ***Container TerminalsProject ManagerResponsibilities and Achievements:Job description:1. Develop peripheral information system surrounding production system based on operating process and Management Mode of container terminal.2. Assist internal users to analyze requirement and develop information systems.3. As the project manager of the first party, compile RFI or RFP, user requirement of presales phase, assess and analyze candidates bid for projects.Achievements:During working for this company, I accomplished 4 peripheral information systems as a software developer in 2 years, responsible for requirement analysis, architecture design, coding, and test.As a project manager of the first party, participated in 3 open tendering processes and project implementations, includingbusiness statistics system, HR system, work flow system, CRM system, and access control system. Associated with the counterpart of software providers, and had projects accomplished.2004.3-2006.2 *** Software System Co. LtdSenior SoftwareEngineerResponsibilities and Achievements:Job description:1. Communicate with customer, investigate and analyze requirement, compile solutions based on users expectation.2. Design system architectures and database model.3. Lead project team to develop functions.Achievements:During the course of working for this company, accomplished two sets of complete ERP system for a garment factory and an IC manufactory, and developed a sales online platform for a German clothing company. And my English ability improved a lot as a result of working with foreign engineers.Education：2008.2-2010.1 *** UniversityBachelorMajor Category:Information Management and Information SystemMajor Description and Courses:Main course: The programming language, Database management system, Information management, Information management of Managing Strategy, Management information system, Modern Management Science, Intellectual Property Law.。

英语六级听力真题长对话

英语六级听力真题长对话英语六级听力真题（长对话）（通用8篇）随着时间的推移，一年一度的六级考试马上就要到来了。

听力一直是六级考试的难点。

下面是yjbys网店铺提供给大家关于英语六级听力真题(长对话)，供大家参考。

英语六级听力真题长对话篇1Conversation OneM: So how long have you been a Market Research Consultant?W: Well, I started straight after finishing university.M: Did you study market research?W: Yeah, and it really helped me to get into the industry, but I have to say that it's more important to get experience in different types of market research to find out exactly what you're interested in.M: So what are you interested in?W: Well, at the moment, I specialize in quantitative advertising research, which means that I do two types of projects. Trackers, which are ongoing projects that look at trends or customer satisfaction over a long period of time. The only problem with trackers is that it takes up a lot of your time. But you do build up a good relationship with the client. I also do a couple of ad-hoc jobs which are much shorter projects.M: What exactly do you mean by ad-hoc jobs?W: It's basically when companies need quick answers to their questions about their consumers' habits. They just ask for one questionnaire to be sent out for example, so the time you spend on an ad-hoc project tends to be fairly short.M: Which do you prefer, trackers or ad-hoc?W: I like doing both and in fact I need to do both at the sametime to keep me from going crazy. I need the variety.M: Can you just explain what process you go through with a new client?W: Well, together we decide on the methodology and the objectives of the research. I then design a questionnaire. Once the interviewers have been briefed, I send the client a schedule and then they get back to me with deadlines. Once the final charts and tables are ready, I have to check them and organize a presentation.M: Hmm, one last question, what do you like and dislike about your job?W: As I said, variety is important and as for what I don't like, it has to be the checking of charts and tables.Questions 1 to 4 are based on the conversation you have just heard.Q1: What position does the woman hold in the company?Q2: What does the woman specialize in at the moment?Q3: What does the woman say about trackers?Q4: What does the woman dislike about her job?Conversation TwoW: Hello, I'm here with Frederick. Now Fred, you went to university in Canada?M: Yeah, that's right.W: OK, and you have very strong views about universities in Canada. Could you please explain?M: Well, we don't have private universities in Canada. They’re all public. All the universities are owned by the government, so there is the Ministry of Education in charge of creating the curriculum for the universities and so there is not much room for flexibility. Since it's a government operatedinstitution, things don't move very fast. If you want something to be done, then their staff do not have so much incentive to help you because he's a worker for the government. So I don't think it's very efficient. However, there are certain advantages of public universities, such as the fees being free. You don't have to pay for your education. But the system isn't efficient, and it does not work that well.W: Yeah, I can see your point, but in the United States we have many private universities, and I think they are large bureaucracies also. Maybe people don't act that much differently, because it’s the same thing working for a private university. They get paid for their job. I don’t know if they're that much more motivated to help people. Also, we have a problem in the United States that usually only wealthy kids go to the best schools and it's kind of a problem actually.M: I agree with you. I think it's a problem because you're not giving equal access to education to everybody. It’s no t easy, but having only public universities also might not be the best solution. Perhaps we can learn from Japan where they have a system of private and public universities. Now, in Japan, public universities are considered to be the best.W: Right. It's the exact opposite in the United States.M: So, as you see, it's very hard to say which one is better.W: Right, a good point.Questions 5 to 8 are based on the conversation you have just heard.Q5: What does the woman want Frederick to talk about?Q6: What does the man say about the curriculum in Canadian universities?Q7: On what point do the speakers agree?Q8: What point does the man make at the end of the conversation?英语六级听力真题长对话篇2Lecture 1The negative impacts of natural disasters can be seen everywhere. In just the past few weeks, the world has witnessed the destructive powers of earthquakes in Indonesia, typhoons in the Philippines, and the destructive sea waves that struck Samoa and neighboring islands.A study by the Center for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters finds that, between 1980 and 2007, nearly 8,400 natural disasters killed more than two-million people. These catastrophic events caused more than $1.5 trillion in economic losses.U.N. weather expert Geoffrey Love says that is the bad news. "Over the last 50 years, economic losses have increased by a factor of 50. That sounds pretty terrible, but the loss of life has decreased by a factor of 10 simply because we are getting better at warning people. We are making a difference. Extreme events, however, will continue to occur. But, the message is that they may not be disasters."Love, who is director of Weather and Disaster Risk Reduction at the World Meteorological Organization, says most of the deaths and economic losses were caused by weather, climate, or water-related extremes. These include droughts, floods, windstorms, strong tropical winds and wildfires.He says extreme events will continue. But, he says extreme events become disasters only when people fail to prepare for them."Many of the remedies are well-known. From a planning perspective, it is pretty simple. Build better buildings. Don’tbuild where the hazards will destroy them. From an early-warning perspective, make sure the warnings go right down to the community level. Build community action plans. ”The World Meteorological Organization points to Cuba and Bangladesh as examples of countries that have successfully reduced the loss of life caused by natural disasters by taking preventive action.It says tropical cyclones formerly claimed dozens, if not hundreds of lives, each year, in Cuba. But, the development of an early-warning system has reversed that trend. In 2008, Cuba was hit by five successive hurricanes, but only seven people were killed.Bangladesh also has achieved substantial results. Major storm surges in 1970 and 1991 caused the deaths of about 440,000 people. Through careful preparation, the death toll from a super tropical storm in November 2007 was less than 3,500.Q16. What is the talk mainly about?Q17. How can we stop extreme events from turning into events?Q18. What does the example of Cuba serve to show?Lecture 2As U.S. banks recovered with the help of American government and the American taxpayers, president Obama held meetings with top bank execut ives, telling them it’s time to return the favor. “The way I see it are banks now having a greater obligation to the goal of a wide recovery,” he said. But the president may be giving the financial sector too much credit. “It was in a free fall, and it was a very scary period.” Economist Martin Neil Baily said. After the failure of Lehman Brothers, many of the world’s largest banks feared the worst as the collapse ofthe housing bubble exposed in investments in risky loans.Although he says the worst is just over, Bailey says the banking crisis is not. More than 130 US banks failed in 2009. He predicts high failure rates for smaller, regional banks in 2010 as commercial real estate loans come due."So there may actually be a worsening of credit availability to small and medium sized businesses in the next year or so."Analysts say the biggest problem is high unemployment, which weakens demand and makes banks reluctant to lend. But US Bankcorp chief Richard Davis sees the situation differently."We're probably more optimistic than the experts might be.With that in mind, we're putting everything we can, lending is the coal to our engine, so we want to make more loans. We have to find a way to qualify more people and not put ourselves at risk."While some economists predict continued recovery in the future, Baily says the only certainty is that banks are unlikely to make the same mistakes - twice. "You know, forecasting's become a very hazardous business so I don't want to commit myself too much. I don't think we know exactly what's going to happen but it's certainly possible that we could get very slow growth over the next year or two.”If the economy starts to shrink again, Baily says it would make a strong case for a second stimulus -- something the Obama administration hopes will not be necessary.Q19. What dose president Obama hope the banks will do?Q20. What is Martin Neil Baily’s prediction about the financial situation in the future?Q21. What does U.S. Bankcorp chief Richard Davis say about its future operation?Q22. What does Martin Neil Baily think of a second stimulus to the economy?英语六级听力真题长对话篇3Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of eachconversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will bespoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer. from the fourchoices marked A), B),C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with asingle line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

注释英文-

注释英文的英文注释比较长，以下是一些示范：1. Evolutionary history and phylogenetic relationships of ancient amphibians.Explanation: This title refers to a scientific study that investigates the evolutionary history and relationships among ancient amphibian species, using a method called phylogenetics.2. The role of serotonin in the regulation of appetite and mood.Explanation: This title suggests a research study examining the function of serotonin, a neurotransmitter, on both appetite and mood regulation.3. Analysis of corporate social responsibility practices in the banking industry.Explanation: This title refers to a research project that examines the practices of corporate social responsibility within the banking industry, focusing on how these practices affect society and the environment.4. The effects of climate change on the behavior and ecology of migratory birds.Explanation: This title suggests a study investigating the impact of climate change on the behavior and ecology of migratory birds, including how changes in temperature and precipitation patterns affect their migration and population sizes.5. A comparative analysis of language acquisition in monolingual and bilingual infants.Explanation: This title refers to a research project that compares the language acquisition abilities of infants who are exposed to one language versus those exposed to two or more languages, with a focus on how this exposure impacts their learning and development.6. The impact of social media on mental health among young adults.Explanation: This title suggests a study examining how the use of social media affects the mental health of young adults, including the potential for increased anxiety, depression, and addiction.7. The relationship between physical activity and cognitive function in older adults.Explanation: This title refers to a research project investigating the link between physical activity and cognitive abilities among older adults, examining how exercise impacts memory, attention, and other cognitive functions.8. An analysis of genetic variations in the coding region of the human genome.Explanation: This title suggests a study examining genetic variations within the coding region of the human genome, using techniques such as genome sequencing and bioinformatics.9. The role of dopamine in reward processing and addiction.Explanation: This title refers to a scientific study investigating the function of dopamine, a neurotransmitter, in reward processing and addiction, including how drugs of abuse hijack the brain's dopamine system.10. The effect of mindfulness meditation on stress and anxiety in college students.Explanation: This title suggests a research study investigating how mindfulness meditation impacts stress and anxiety levels among college students, including whether this practice can help improve mental health and well-being.。

投资于早期儿童发育

DECRG - 人力资源开发与公共服务研究生命早期的严重营养不良和认知能力缺陷使发展中国家的许多儿童只能取得较低的教育成果，具有较低的经济生产率。

研究表明，在学龄前阶段（以及越早越好）进行的营养投资可以取得明显的长期人力资本和经济收益。

投资于早期儿童发育2006年8月，Harold Alderman和Elizabeth M. King许多发展中国家的儿童都在生命的早期阶段面临严重的营养不良和认知缺陷。

有关的估计表明，在发展中国家的所有儿童中，有八分之一的儿童在出生时就营养不良（体重不足2.5公斤），有相当大比例的儿童（在低收入国家中占47%）在五岁之前一直营养不良。

这些数字令人非常不安的原因是，在一个儿童两岁之后仍然发生作用的营养不良的影响是很难扭转的。

[1]早期营养不良消弱儿童的身体和认知能力潜力，甚至他们的非认知特性，如能动性和持续性，因此严重影响他们未来的健康、教育成就、以及社会经济成就。

[2]早期儿童发育（ECD）的持久收益从一出生开始就改善营养，可以为一生带来源源不断的收益。

有关的估计表明，预防生育体重为2.5公斤或不足2.5公斤的儿童可以产生510美元的经济收益，其中有40%是因为预防过低的出生体重而提高了儿童的认知能力和生产率产生的结果。

[3]在厄瓜多尔的学龄前儿童中，用提高血色素水平来衡量的营养的改善可以改善用儿童考试成绩来衡量的认知能力发育的改善。

另外，这种相关联系在年龄较大的儿童样本中（四岁半和四岁半以上）比在年龄较小的儿童样本中（三岁至四岁半）更明显。

这表明，营养和认知能力发育之间的联系随着儿童的年龄增长而变得越来越明显。

[4]在菲律宾的学龄前儿童中，一个标准偏差的身高增长提高了他们数年后的考试成绩分数。

这个增长相当于完成了另外八个月的学校教育，并意味着三或更高的效益成本比。

[5]在津巴布韦的学龄前儿童中，如果一个中位学龄前儿童的身高相当于发达国家的中位学龄前儿童的身高的话，这个儿童青春期的身高将提高3.4厘米，并将多完成0.85年级的学校教育。

亚行贷款项目

In the early stage of project implementation, the construction unit needs to carry out field investigations and survey research, and prepare well-conceived construction plan to ensure the successful project implementation. 项目实施前期，施工单位需要深入开展实地勘察和调查研究，并制订周密的施工计划，保证项目成功实施。
1. Overview of ADB Loan Project 亚行贷款项目概述
Strategic Objectives 战略目标
ADB announced its new "Strategy 2020", a long-term strategic framework, which goal is to build an Asia and Pacific region free of poverty. 亚行公布了其全新的《2020年战略》，这一长期战略的目标是构建一个没有贫困的亚太地区。
1. Overview of ADB Loan Project 亚行贷款项目概述
Strategic Objectives 战略目标
•Inclusive economic
growth •经济协调发展
•Environmentally
sustainable growth •环境可持续发展
•Focus
•业务重点
1. Overview of ADB Loan Project 亚行贷款项目概述
Current Safeguard Policy 现行保障政策

大学各个专业课程英文名(工科院校)

English Office Automation Insurance Accounting Insurance Comparative Management Comparative Auditing Graduation Practice Financial Statements Analysis Financial Reporting Environment Financial Analysis Management of Financial Risks Financial Management Financial Accounting Countermeasure for Financial Introduction to Fiscal Science Fiscal Science Finance and Credit Cost Accounting Programme Design Language Promotion and Advertising Guidance of Campus Life College English College Chinese Contemporary World Economy Moral Education Introduction to Deng Xiaoping's Aesthetics of Cinema Independent Auditing Foreign Trade Insurance Foreign Trade Transportation Development Economics Law Basics of Law Introduction to Law Fundamentals of Law Science Real Estate Investment & Finance Risk Management Mathematics - probability Probability & Mathematical Statistics Advanced Mathematics Advanced Financial Accounting Advanced Accounting Advanced English Advanced English Reading Advanced Language Programme Engineering conomics nd Project Pricing Management Engineering Drawing Industrial Accounting Industrial Business Management Analysis of Industrial Business Introduction to Industrial Technical Public Relations Public Finance Etiquette for Public Relations Ideological & Moral Cultivation and Oral English English Listening Mao Zedong's Thoughts and The

中国特色社会主义英语词汇（英汉对照）

中国特色词汇英语翻译A.《阿Q正传》The True Story of Ah Q安居工程Housing Project for low-income families按成本要素计算的国民经济总值GNP at factor cost按揭贷款mortgage loan按劳分配distribution according to one's performance暗恋unrequited love暗亏hidden loss奥姆真理教Japanese Aum Doomsday CultB.把握大局grasp the overall situation白马王子Prince Charming白色行情表white sheet白色农业white agriculture白雪公主Snow White摆架子put on airs拜把兄弟sworn brothers拜年pay New Year call搬迁户relocated families半拉子工程uncompleted project傍大款find a sugar daddy包干到户work contracted to households 包干制overall rationing system包工包料contract for labor and materials 保持国民经济发展的良好势头maintain a good momentum of growth in the national economy保持国有股keep the State-held shares保理业务factoring business保税区bonded area保证重点支出ensure funding for priority areas保值储蓄inflation-proof bank savings报国计划的实施implementation of Dedicator's Project本本主义bookishness《本草纲目》Compendium of Materia Medica本命年one's year of birth considered in relation to the 12 Terrestrial Branches奔小康strive for a relatively comfortable life逼上梁山be driven to drastic alternatives 比较经济学comparative economics比上不足，比下有余worse off than some, better off than many闭门羹given cold-shoulder边际报酬marginal return边缘科学boundary science变相涨价disguised inflation剥夺冠军strip the gold medal of somebody博彩（业）lottery industry补缺选举by-election不败记录clean record, spotless record不承诺放弃使用武器not undertake to renounce the use of force不打不成交No discord, no concord.不可再生资源non-renewable resources不良贷款non-performing loan不夜城sleepless city不正之风harmful practice; unhealthy tendencyC.采取高姿态show magnanimity菜篮子工程shopping basket program参政、议政participate in the management of State affairs沧海桑田Seas change into mulberry fields and mulberry fields change into seas--time brings great changes to the world. What was once the sea hasnow changed into mulberry fields--the world is changing all the time.仓储式超市stockroom-style supermarket 草根工业grass root industry (refers to village and township enterprises which takeroot among farmers and grow like wold grass)层层转包和违法分保multi-level contracting and illegal sub-contracting差额投票differentail voting差额选举competitive election茶道sado查房make/go the rounds of the wards拆东墙补西墙rob Peter to pay Paul拆迁户households or units relocated due to building demolition搀水股票water-down stocks (ordinary stocks that can be bought by persons insidea stock company or a business at a cost lower that their face value)禅dhyana产粮大省granary province产品结构product mix产权明晰、权责明确、政企分开、科学管理clearly established ownership, well defined power and responsibility, separation of enterprise from administration,and scientific management产权制度、产权关系property relations; property order产销直接挂钩directly link production with marketing产业的升级换代upgrading of industies产业结构升级upgrading of an industrial structure长二捆LM-2E长江三角洲Yangtze River delta长期共存、互相监督、肝胆相照、荣辱与共long-term coexistence, mutual supervision, sincere treatment with each other and the sharing of weal or woe长线产品product in excessive supply畅通工程"Smooth Traffic Project"唱高调mouth high-sounding words超高速巨型计算机giant ultra-high-speed computer超前消费overconsuming, excessive consumption彻头彻尾的反动政治势力an out and out reactionary political force城市规划city's landscaping plan; urban planning 城市中年雅皮士muppie （一批中年专业人士，附庸风雅，矫揉造作cutesification，崇尚竟品至上boutiqueification，攀比银行存款bankification等摆阔作风，由middle-aged urban yuppie缩合而成）城乡信用社credit corroborative in both urban and rural areas吃大锅饭egalitarian practice of "everybody eating from the same big pot" 吃皇粮receive salaries, subsidies, or other supported from the government重复建设building redundant project; duplication of similar projects抽杀成功hit through筹备委员会preparatory committee出风头show off;in the limelight出口创汇能力capacity to earn foreign exchange through exports出口加工区export processing zones出口退税制度the system of refunding taxes on exported goods; export (tax) rebate出口转内销domestic sales of commodities orginally produced for exports出家pravrajana; cloister传销multi-level marketing窗口行业various service trades创建卫生城市：build a nationally advanced clean city创业园high-tech business incubator; pioneer park吹风会(advanced) briefing春蕾计划Spring Buds Program春运(passenger) transport during the Spring Festival《春秋》Spring and Autumn Annals磁悬浮列车Maglev train (magnetically levitated train), magnetic suspension train 辞旧迎新bid farewell to the old and usher in the new; ring out the old year and ring in the new此地无银三百两 A guilty person gives himself away by consciously protesting hisinnocence.从粗放经济转变为集约经济shift from extensive economy to intensive economy 粗放式管理extensive management促进全球经济一体化foster integration with the global economy存款保证金guaranty money for deposits D."达标"活动"target hitting" activities打白条issue IOU打黑crack down on speculation and profiteering打假crack down on counterfeit goods打破僵局break the deadlock打顺手find one's touch, get into gear, settle into a groove大包干all-round responsibility system大轰动blockbuster大力扣杀hammer大路货staple goods大开眼界open one's eyes; broaden one's horizon; be an eye-opener大款tycoon大排挡sidewalk snack booth; large stall 大事化小，小事化了try first to make their mistake sound less serious and then to reduce it to nothing at all大胜white wash大腕top notch大卫教Branch Davidian大型电视系列片,长篇电视连续剧maxi-series大学生创业university students' innovative undertaking大要案major and serious criminal cases 大专生junior college student大专文凭associate degree大藏经Tripitaka带薪分流assign redundant civil servants to other jobs while allowing them to retain their original rank and benefits待岗await job assignment, post-waiting 待业job-waiting代职function in an acting capacity单循环制single round-robin system党群关系Party-masses relationship党政机关Party and government organizations捣浆糊give the runaround盗版VCD pirated VCD盗打（电话) free call on somebody else's expense through illegal means盗用公款embezzlement单刀赴会start a solo run倒票speculative reselling of tickets倒爷profiteer倒计时countdowm等外品off-grade goods, rejects邓小平外交思想Deng Xiaoping's diplomatic thoughts低调low keyed (a metaphor for taking a cautious and slow approach)第二产业secondary industry第三产业tertiary industry; service sector 第三代移动电话(3G手机) third generation mobile; 3G mobile第一发球权first inning第一发球员first server第一双打first pair地方保护主义regional protectionism地方财政包干制system whereby local authorities take full responsibility for their finances地球村global village地区差异regional disparity地热资源geothermal resources地市级城市prefecture-level city点子公司consultancy company电话号码升位upgrade telephone number 电话会议teleconference电视直销TV home shopping电子商务认证e-business certification吊球drop shot吊销执照revoke license钉子户person or household who refuses to move and bargains for unreasonablyhigh compensation when the land is requisitioned for a construction project定向培训training for specific posts豆腐渣"工程jerry-built project毒枭drug trafficker独立核算工业企业independent accounting unit(enterprise)"渡假外交" holiday-making diplomacy短期债务floating debt断交信Dear John letter (from woman to man)对...毫无顾忌make no bones about ...对冲基金hedge fund对外招商attract foreign investment队长袖标(足球）skipper's armband多党合作制multi-party co-operation in exercising State power多任务小卫星small multi-mission satellite (SMMS)夺冠take the crownE.恶性通货膨胀hyperinflation恶性循环vicious circle(把…当成)耳旁风Like water off (on) a duck’s back二板市场; 创业板市场second board (on the country's stock market)二次创业start a new undertakinge二进宫to enter the palace a second time (people with a past criminal record again commits a crime, and is convicted and put into a correctional institution)二流选手scrub, second-rater二元经济dual economyF.发案率incidence (of criminal cases)发烧友fancier; zealot; enthusiastic fan发展不平衡disparate development发展是硬道理Development is of overriding importance. / Development is the absolute need.法治国家a country under the rule of law 法制国家a state with an adequate legal system翻两番quadruple反败为胜bring about a complete turnabout, pull out of the fire反不正当竞争法Law of the People's Republic of China Against Competition by Inappropriate Means反腐倡廉combat corruption and build a clean government防抱死系统ABS (anti-lock braking system)防洪工程flood-prevention project房管real estate management访谈式竞选（候选人在电视访谈节目中亮相进行的竞选）talk-show campaign放下架子to relinguish haungty airs; to get off one's high horse; throw off one's airs放行单release permit飞毛腿（导弹）Scud missile飞行药检spot check非对称数字用户环路Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Loop (ADSL)费改税transform administrative fees into taxes分拆上市 A subsidiary company of a corporation is listed on the stock market. 分流reposition of redundant personnel分期付款installment payment分税制system of tax distribution（产品）分销subunderwriting, distribution粉领族pink-collar tribe (Women who play major role in certain professions such asoffice workers, secretaries, models, airline hostesses, etc)风险投资venture capital; risk investment 疯牛病mad cow disease; bovine spongiform enceohalopathy (BSE)锋利扣杀razor-sharp smash封闭式基金close-ended fund封杀出局force out“封圣” canonization of "Saints"福利彩票welfare lotteries福利分房welfare-oriented public housing distribution system浮动工资floating wages; fluctuating wages扶贫poverty alleviation覆盖率coverage rate复式住宅duplex apartment; compound apartment (a type of residential housing that maximizes usable space by increasing the number of the storey building)G.改制上市：An enterprise is re-organized according to modern corporate system so that it will get listed on the stock market. 感谢款待的信a bread and butter letter (a letter sent as thanks for being treated well as someone's guest)干部队伍革命化、年轻化、知识化、专业化make the ranks of cadres more revolutionary,younger in average age, better educated and professionally more competent港人治港Hong Kong people administering Hong Kong高层次、全方位的对话high-level and all-directional dialogue高产优质high yield and high quality高度自治high degree of autonomy高官会Senior Officials Meeting (SOM)高级商务师Certified Business Executive 高架公路elevated highway; overhead road高科技板块high-tech sector高难度动作stunner, stunt高清晰度high definition高新技术产业开发区high and new technology industrial development zone (公路）隔离带median 根本政治制度fundamental political system个人收入应税申报制度the system of the declaration of individual incomes for tax payment个人自扫门前雪，莫管他人瓦上霜hoe one’s own potatoes各大菜系major styles of cooking各尽所能let each person do his best; from each according to his ability"各就位" "On your marks!"跟踪审计follow-up auditing恭喜发财May you be prosperous!; Wish you all the best!功夫不负有心人Everything comes to him who waits.工程公司engineering company工商局industrial and commercial bureau 工薪阶层salariat; state employee; salaried person工业控制一体化integrated industrial control; industrial control of integration 工业园区industrial park公费医疗medical services at state expense公告板服务Bulletin Board Service (BBS) 公检法public security organs, procuratorial organs and people's courts 公积金public accumulation funds, public reserve funds公开喊价市场open outcry markets公款吃喝recreational activities using public funds公司分立与解散separation and dissolution of a company公益林public welfare forest公正、公平、公开just, fair and open公证财产notarize the properties共产党领导下的多党合作与政治协商multi-party cooperation and political consultationunder the leadership of Communist Party 狗仔队dog packs; paparazzo (singular), paparazzi(plural) (It refers to thosejournalistswho are hunting the news of celebrities.) 骨干企业key enterprise股本金equity capital挂职1) take a temporary post (in order to temper oneself)2) serve in a lower level unit for a period while retaining one's position in the previous unit关税壁垒customs barrier; tariff wall光谷optical valley光机电一体化optical, mechanical and electronic integration光盘杂志CD-ROM magazine光通讯photo-communication; optical communication广告电话直销direct response advertising 广域网wide area network (WAN)皈依三宝become a Buddhist国产化率import substitution rate; localization rate of parts and components 国防动员体制the mobilization for national defense国际惯例international common practice 国际日期变更线International Date Line (IDL)《国际先驱论坛报》International Herald Tribune国际商业机器公司International Business Machine Corporation (IBM)国家经济体制改革委员会the State Commission for Restructuring the Economic Systems国家普通话水平考试National Proficiency Test of Putonghua国家一级保护first-grade State protection 国家质量技术监督局the State Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision国脚player of the national football team; footballer of the national team国库券treasury bonds国民党Kuomintang国民经济支柱产业pillar industries in national economy国债专项资金special fund for treasury bond过度开垦excess reclamation过犹不及going too far is as bad as not going far enough; beyond is as wrong as fallingshort; too much is as bad as too littleH.海市蜃楼，镜花水月, 无稽之谈 a mare’s nest海湾战争综合症the complexities of the Gulf War函授大学correspondence university旱地滑雪场mock skiing park汉字处理软件Chinese character processing software航母aircraft carrier豪赌unrestrained gambling好事不出门，恶事传千里Good news never goes beyond the gate, while bad news spreadfar and wide.好出风头的运动员exhibitionist, grandstander好莱坞大片Hollywood blockbuster"好球" "Strike"和服Kimono合理引导消费guide rational consumption 合议庭collegiate bench核销cancel after verification黑店gangster inn黑客hacker黑社会Mafia-style organizations; gangland宏观调控macro-control红包（中）red paper containing money as a gift, (贬) bribe, kickback《红楼梦》A Dream in Red Mansions (The Story of the Stone)红帽子企业red cap enterprise (refers tothe reputation a private enterprise enjoys by becoming attached to a government department and doing business in the name ofa state-run or collective-run enterprise)红细胞生成素Erythropoietin (EPO)环太平洋地区Pacific Rim后防空虚leave the defense exposed后台管理back-stage management呼啦圈hu la hoop胡子工程long-drawn-out project (a project which takes so long that young workers become bearded)虎父无犬子 A wise goose never lays a tame egg.互动广告interactive advertisement户口簿residence booklet户口管理制度domicile system, residence registration system户主head of a household护身法宝amulet华表ornamental column/cloud pillar/stele华盖canopy滑板车scooter"坏球" "Ball"还俗resume secular life, unfrock"黄、赌、毒" pornography, gambling and drug abuse and trafficking黄金时段prime time(吃)"皇粮" public grainfunds, goods, etc provided by the government; salary paid by the state挥棒swing挥棒不中fan灰色收入income from moonlighting汇丰银行Hong Kong and Shang Hai Banking Corporation婚介所matrimonial agency婚外恋extramarital love活到老，学到老One is never too old to learn.火炬计划Torch Program (a plan to develop new and high technology) 货币化monetization货币回笼withdrawal of currency from circulation货到付款cash on deliveryJ.机场建设费airport construction fee机构臃肿overstaffing in organizations (government)基本路线要管一百年The basic line must be followed unswervingly for a very long time to come.基本国情fundamental realities of the country基层民主democracy at the grassroots level基层组织organizations at the grass-roots level基因工程genetic engineering积压产品overstocked commodities (inventories)绩优股blue chip激烈竞争cut-throat competition吉尼斯世界记录Guinness (Book of Records)吉祥物mascot缉毒队narcotics squad缉私力量the forces engaged in the fight against smuggling集体婚礼collective wedding ceremony集中精力把经济建设搞上去go all out for economic development计划单列市city specifically designated in the state plan计划生育责任制responsibility system of family planning计算机中央处理器central processing unit(CPU)记者席press box"既成事实" fait accompli (noun)技术产权交易所technology equity market; technology property right exchange技术密集产品technology-intensiveproduct技术下乡spread technological knowledge to farmers嘉宾distinguished guest, honored guest 加班work extra shifts加密encrypt加权平均值weighted average加强舆论监督ensure that the correct orientation is maintained in public opinion家庭联产承包责任制the household contract responsibility system家族企业family firm假唱lip-synch假动作deception, feint甲骨文inscriptions on oracle bones假日经济holiday economy坚持统一，反对分裂，增加了解，化解歧见persist in reunification, oppose separation,increase understanding and iron out differences监督部门watchdog尖端产品highly sophisticated products剪彩cut the ribbon剪刀差the scissors gap between the prices of ... and ...减负alleviate burdens on sb.减速玻璃(汽车）decelerating glass减员增效downsizing for efficiency; cut payroll to improve efficiency江南水乡the south of the lower reaches of the Yangze River讲诚信，反欺诈：honor credibility and oppose cheating降落伞候选人，外来候选人（应召而来参加本人非所在地区竞选的政党候选人）parachute candidate脚踩两只船sit on the fence脚踏实地be down-to-earth侥幸球fluke教学法pedagogy; teaching method教育部社政司Social Science Research and Ideological Work Department of the Ministry of Education接口interface街道企业neighborhood enterprise街心花园park at an intersection; garden in the city center节奏布鲁斯音乐（RMB音乐）rhythm blues解放生产力emancipate the productive forces解放思想、实事求是的思想路线ideological line of emancipating the mind and seeking truth from facts解困基金anti-poverty funds结售汇制度the system of exchange, settlement and sales戒毒所drug rehabilitation center戒急用忍overcome impetuosity and exercise patience金本位gold standard金边债券gilt-edged bonds金刚经Vajracchedika-sutra金降落伞golden parachute金融电子化computerize financial services金税工程Golden Tax Project金无足赤, 人无完人Gold can't be pure and man can't be perfect.紧箍咒inhibiting magic phrase紧密型企业集团tightly-knit groups of enterprises紧追cling to, shadow, thunder on one's trail近海渔业offshore fishery近水楼台先得月First come, first served;A water-front pavilion gets the moonlight first--the advantage of being in a favored position.进出口商会chamber of import and export trade进口渗透import penetration进修班class for further studies禁渔期closed fishing seasons禁止在任何地方、任何环境进行一切方式的释放核能的核武器试验保爆炸prohibit anynuclear weapon test explosion which releases nuclear energy at any place and in any environment经常项目顺差favorable balance of current account, surplus of current account经常性贷款commercial lending经常性支出running expenses经济林cash tree经济全球化economic globalization; economic integration经济失调指数misery index经济头脑commercially minded people; people with business sense经营管理高度科学化的现代化大企业modern big enterprise with highly scientific management system精简机构streamline government organs 精品competitive products京剧票友Peking Opera fan京剧人物脸谱types of facial make-up in Beijing opera景泰蓝cloisonné敬业精神professional dedication; professional ethics劲射power shot九五攻关State Key Task 95居委会neighborhood committee; residents' committee局域网local area network (LAN)举报电话informants' hot-line telephone 拒载refuse to take passengers君子之交淡如水the friendship between gentlemen is as pure as crystal;a hedge between keeps friendship green竣工式completion ceremonyK.卡丁车kart开发一代，储存一带，预研一代(产品）to develop this generation of productswhile researching on the next generation of products开放式基金open-ended fund开工不足enterprises running under their production capacity开工典礼commencement ceremony开后门under-the-counter deals; offer advantages to one's friends or relatives by underhand means开题报告opening speech; opening report 开小灶give special favor开夜车burn the midnight oil; work over night看守政府, 看守内阁，过渡政府caretaker cabinet坎儿井karez抗美援朝战争War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea抗震棚quake-proof shelter考研take part in the entrance exams for postgraduate schools考研热the craze for graduate school科技成果转化为生产力transfer of scientific and technological achievements 科技含量technology content科技是第一生产力Science and technology constitute a primary productive force.科教兴国rely on science and education to rejuvenate the nation科研攻关scientific research and tackle the key research project可持续发展sustainable development刻录机CD writer; disc-carving machine 空头支票accommodation note, lip service 空中小姐air hostess; air stewardess控股公司holding company扣帽子put a label on跨世纪工程a trans-century project跨越式发展great-leap-forward development快讯news flash; flash宽带接入broadband access宽带网broadband networks宽限期grace period亏损企业enterprises running in the red/under deficit困难职工the needyL.垃圾债券junk bond拉动经济增长fuel economic growth拉拉队cheering squad拉拉队长cheer-leader, rooter king拉关系try to curry favor with来电显示电话机caller ID telephone来料加工process materials supplied by clients; accept customers' materials for processing劳动合同制labor contract system老生常谈，陈词滥调cut and dried老字号an old and famous shop or enterprise"篱笆墙" barriers/ blockage to inter-regional trading礼尚往来Courtesy calls for reciprocity.理货公司tally company礼仪小姐ritual girl利改税substitution of tax payment for profit delivery利好因素wrinkle利基niche立体农业three-dimensional agriculture 廉政建设construction of a clean and honest administration廉政、勤政、务实、高效政府an honest, diligent, pragmatic and efficient government廉洁奉公，以正治国(of an official) clean and devoted, and govern the state with his own example of uprightness联产承包责任制system of contracted responsibility linking remuneration to output;contract system with remuneration linked to output联合国会费the UN membership dues (fee) 联合兼并conglomeration and merger of enterprises联合联络小组joint liaison group联合投标syndicated tender联想集团Legend Group连带责任joint liability练摊to be a vendor良性循环virtuous circle粮食收购部门(government's) grain procurement (purchasing) agencies粮油关系：grain and oil rationing registration两岸直航促进会Association for Promotion of Cross-Straits Direct Transportation两弹一艇A-bomb, H-bomb and nuclear-powered submarine"两个对等的政治实体" "two equal political entities两个文明一起抓place equal emphasis on material and ethical progress两手抓两手都要硬We must address ourselves to the problem of both material and spiritualcivilization(both material as well as culture and ideological progress) without any letup."两思"（致富思源，富而思进）to think of the source of getting rich and of making progressafter becoming affluence老少边穷地区former revolutionary base areas, areas inhabited by minority nationalities,remote and border areas and poverty-stricken areas《聊斋志异》Strange Tales of a Lonely Studio猎头公司head-hunting company劣等品shoddy goods; substandard goods; lemon (口语)临时主教练caretaker coach零配件spare and accessory parts领头羊bellwether留职停薪retain the job but suspend the salary留学咨询：consulting on the study abroad 流动人口transient population流动图书馆travelling library; bookmobile (行业中的)龙头老大leading enterprise; flagship of the industry乱集资、乱摊派、乱收费unwarranted pooling of funds, arbitrary requisition of donationsand exaction of fees from enterprises乱收费、乱摊派、乱罚款arbitrary charges, fund-raising quotas and fines《论语》Analects of Confucius论文答辩(thesis) oral defense裸机：bare mobile phone旅行结婚have a honeymoon trip绿地覆盖率forest coverage rate绿化afforestation绿色急救通道emergency green path绿色食品green foodM.马拉松式竞选活动campaignathon马路菜场入室工程the project to build indoor free market to accommodate street vegetable vendors马太效应the Matthew effect (A phenomenon in specific circles whereby one's accomplishmentsand reputation tend to snowball, and those with meager accomplishments have greater difficultyachieving accomplishments. )满意度degree of satisfaction盲流和倒流人员transient from the countryside帽子戏法hat trick冒充包装（销售）[指将劣质商品包装成外观像名优产品出售的做法] copycat packaging买一送一two-for-one offer, buy one get one free美声唱法bel canto 美食节gourmet festival每逢佳节倍思亲On festive occasions more than ever one thinks of one's dear ones far away./ It is on the festival occasions when one misses his dear most.门前三包be responsible for general sanitation, green covering and keeping good social orderin a designated area outside the unit building蒙古包(Mongolian) yurt蒙古大夫quack朦胧诗misty poetry民办教师citizen-managed teachers (teachers in rural citizen-managed or state-managed schoolswho do not receive the normal remuneration from the government)民工潮farmers' frenzied hunt for work in cities民进党Democratic Progressive Party民主党派、工商联与无党派人士non-Communist parties, federations of industry and commerce,personages without party affiliation民族凝聚力national cohesion民族委员会ethnic affairs commission民族文化大省a province with rich ethnic culture明明白白消费（2000年保护消费者权益工作主题）transparent consumption磨洋工dawdle along模拟测试mock test; simulated exam莫失良机make hay while the sun shines 目标管理management by objectivesN.NASDAQ National Association of Securities Deal Automated Quotations纳米nanometer难得糊涂Where ignorance is bliss, it's folly to be wise.南水北调South-to-North water diversion 南水北调工程divert water from the south to the north project男权主义思想male chauvinism囊括complete a sweep耐用消费品durable consumer items (goods)闹情绪be disgruntled; be in a fit of pique 内环路inner ring road内联企业enterprises with internal connections能官能民be ready to both serve as an offical and be one of the common people 能进能出，能上能下competent to work both at the top and at the grass roots能进能出，能上能下,方谓好汉He who knows how to fight and how to retreat deserves to becalled a brave man.能上网的手机WAP phone内耗in-fighting泥菩萨like a clay Buddha fording the river-hardly able to save oneself; each one is looking outfor his own survival年同比year-on-year; on an annual basis 年夜饭family reunion dinner扭转局面reverse the tide, turn the table 农村剩余劳动力surplus rural labour (labourers)诺亚方舟Noah’s ArkO.P.派出所local police station跑龙套utility man, play a bit role, general handyman泡沫经济bubble economy配股allotment of shares配套政策supporting policies棚户shacks; family that live in shacks碰钉子get snubbed 碰头会brief meeting ( A brief, small-scale, informal meeting with no fixed agenda, the main purpose of which is to exchange information.)疲软股票soft stock皮包公司bogus company啤酒肚beer belly票贩子scalper, ticket tout票房box office骗汇、逃汇、套汇obtain foreign currency and false pretenses, not turn overforeign currency owed to the government and illegal arbitrage拼图jigsaw贫富悬殊polarization of rich and poor贫铀弹depleted uranium bomb平均主义equalitarianism平面设计师graphic designer评头论足nit-pick瓶颈制约“bottleneck”restrictions扑网(体）rush-up, rushing普选制general election systemQ.期房forward delivery housing骑警horseback police企业孵化器enterprise incubator企业文化corporate culture起跑器block洽谈会fair, meeting千代田寿险公司（日本）Chiyoda Mutual Life Insurance Co.千禧婴儿millennium infant; millennium baby强化班intensive training class抢跑false start, beat the gun敲竹杠make somebody pay through the nose; put the lug on; rob by a trick切入点point of penetration; breakthrough point亲民党People First Party勤工俭学part-work and part-study system; work-study program轻轨火车light rail train情感消费emotional consumption情有独钟show special preference (favor) to …区位商业location-based commerce屈体jackknife, pike圈外人士people out of the loop全方位外交multi-faceted diplomacy全国卫生城市National Hygienic City全景电影cinepanoramic全民健身计划纲要outline of the nationwide body-building plan全能冠军all-around winner全球定位系统global positioning system (GPS)全球通global system for mobile communications全天候飞机all-weatehr aircraft全优工程all-round excellent project拳头产品competitive products; knock-out products; blockbuster裙带风nepotism; petticoat influence裙带关系networking through petticoat influence群言堂allow everybody to air his view; let everyone have his say; speak one's mind freely权贵资本主义(又译裙带资本主义或亲朋好友资本主义) crony capitalismR.燃油附加税bunker surcharge染指reap undeserved profit from; encroach upon绕圈子beat around the bush热岛效应tropical island effect人才流失brain drain人浮于事overstaffing人工智能artificial intelligence(AI)人海战术huge-crowd strategy人机交互human-computer interaction人际交往human communication人口负增长negative population growth (NPG)人均住房per-capita housing人类免疫缺陷病毒Human Immunodeficiency Virus(HIV)人情债debt of gratitude任意球free kick日本协力银行Japan Bank For International Cooperation (JBIC)融资渠道financing channels入水时水花很少clean entry软新闻soft newsS.360度环幕电影Circamara三八红旗手woman pace-setter三八线38th Parallel三步走战略the three-step development strategy三大作风the Party's three important styles of work (integrating theory with practice, forgingclose links with the masses and practicing self-criticism)"三个代表" "three represents" theory (The Party should always represent the developmentneeds of China's advanced social productive forces, always represent the onward directionof China's advanced culture, and always represent the fundamental interests of the largestmember of the Chinese people.)三个有利于"three favorables" (whether it promotes the growth of the productive forces ina socialist society, increases the overall strenth of the socialist state and raises the people'sliving standards《三国演义》The Romance of the Three Kingdoms三好学生merit student; three good。

TECHNOLOGYINBANKING：在银行业

PNB's IT-enabling journeyPunjab National Bank used a two-pronged strategy to IT-enable itself and support presentand future business needs. And along the way it picked up valuable information and experience.Punjab National Bank's (PNB's) come a long way since March 2000, when IT systems weredeployed only at 500-odd branches, and was very disparate. Only 35 percent of the bank'sbusiness was computerized and a number of small software packages ran on standalone PCs.Now in 2003, PNB has 101 branches on a WAN, deployed a core banking infrastructure, andruns 175 networked ATMs. It has also deployed a reliable security infrastructure that helps itconduct transactions within its branches without worry. The journey doesn't end here, butalong the way the bank's picked up valuable knowledge and experience.The beginningIn March 2000, the penetration and use of IT was not very high at PNB. The bank used sevendifferent software, which ran on 13 different flavors of Unix, on standalone PCs. The 500-odd branches were not networked and only 35 percent of the bank's business was computerized.The overall expertise in IT among users was low.The Central Vigilance Commission (CVC) issued a directive to the bank to computerize at least70 percent of its business by December 2000. This prompted the bank to work out a strategyto tackle the daunting task in the short period of time.TECHNOLOGY IN BANKINGB u s i n e s s S o l u t i o n sAnalysisA SWOT analysis was performed and it produced the following results:Strengths:·The bank personnel would be able to readily embrace the use of IT.·An existing pool of qualified knowledge-based personnel would contribute largely to the IT initiatives.·The financial position of the bank was very sound. There would not be any constraint of funds to facilitate IT initiatives.·The bank wasn't bound to too much legacy systems and equipment.Weaknesses:·Different Unix OS flavors in different branches.·Different standalone financial applications on PCs at different branches.·Lack of interoperability due to disparity in systems.·Limited expertise on the software packages currently deployed. This increased dependence on vendors.·Systems audits were pending.·Most branches did not have a proper LAN in place.·There was almost no WAN connectivity.The bank realized that there was a lot of opportunity to create a stable IT infrastructure which would fuel future growth. Butthere was also the need to honor the CVC deadline to computerize at least 70 percent of its business within December 2000.The bank now has around 4,000 branches.ActionPNB hired a consultant and devised a two-pronged plan of action. The plan comprised:1. A short term goal - To meet the CVC deadline of 70 percent computerization.2. A long term goal - To create a dependable core banking infrastructure and build a nationwide network to connectdifferent branches to the core infrastructure.Meeting the CVC deadlineIn order to meet the CVC deadline the bank decided to deploy simple IT infrastructure so that it could computerize 70 percent of its business within the deadline. The IT team decided to implement an application, which could run on standalone PCs across its nationwide branches. The application vendor would have to provide nationwide support since the in-house IT team could not provide support at all branches.PNB chose a product from a company called Nelito. It was a DOS-based, 'Partial Branch Automation' application. Standalone versions were chosen since there weren't LANs in place, and deployment of LANs at branches would take so long that the CVC deadline couldn't be met. The interface was simple in design, and thus easy for the bank personnel to use.Hardware and TrainingThe bank selected two hardware vendors and the application software was embedded into the hardware to make them 'plug-and-play' capable. Nelito's package was deployed at one branch at a time. And after each successful implementation at a branch, it was replicated at a newer branch.Internal training sessions for the bank personnel were conducted with the help of 14 training institutes. The source code of the product was tweaked to facilitate deployment. The IT team was specially trained to re-architect the source code, and make any modifications, improvements, value additions, and enhancements. Deployment at the selected branches was over by December 2000.The bank requested CVC for an extension of the deadline and was granted time till March 2001. By March 2001, 70.60 percent of the bank's business was computerized.Long-term strategyIn the long-term, PNB wanted a technology that would consolidate all its business resources and sustain the bank's future growth. It also wanted to create its own network, which would play a vital role in its success. Three consultants were appointed to review technology options for long-term adoption. The verdict of the consultants was to deploy a centralized core banking architecture.Core banking architectureOn 30 March 2001, the bank used the services of Infosys for the deployment of Finnacle. A core team was selected, which would be the heart of the project. Infosys trained 200-odd personnel from a core team over six months. The core team modified and customized the package according to its specific needs.It was then time to procure hardware. K.S. Bajwa, Deputy General Manager, Information Technology Division, PNB, said, "It's a standard international practice to procure hardware based on the type of software applications that an enterprise has selected. This helps to match the specific computing needs required by the software." PNB purchased servers, security infrastructure, and storage equipment and decided to house it in its own central data center in New Delhi. A lot of infrastructure from Cisco has been used to build the data center.In April 2002 the bank rolled-out Finnacle in seven branches as a pilot venture. This was done because the bank had seven different application packages, and it wanted to ensure smooth migration of the data into Finnacle. By mid May 2002, all data from other software was successfully migrated into Finnacle.Culture and technology issuesIssues were mostly cultural. Most staffers were used to working in a manual environment, and some had worked in standalone environments. In the new networked environment, personnel at the node/counter didn't actually 'see' the transactions updating in the various account books.This gave rise to a number of queries and suggestions from personnel. The bank consulted IDRBT and RBI to verify the implementation success and it was reported that the deployment was absolutely correct. Around six months later, the personnel felt that the environment 'change' had done them good, and was used to working on the systems."There were a few integration issues when migrating to Finnacle, but the in-house IT team was able to resolve them all. The pilot for the initial seven branches was a test-bed for us. The knowledge we gained from the pilot deployments helped us overcome the future issues," explained Bajwa.SystemsBefore deploying the core banking architecture, PNB used servers which were NT-based, from IBM, and from other vendors. The bank conducted benchmarking tests for Finnacle on various server platforms. And it was satisfied with the performance of Sun's hardware on Solaris. Sun's Fire servers, Solaris OS, and Oracle's RDBMS are now in use.Network designCisco has tied up with PNB to evolve the network design and implement a nationwide network backbone to connect all its offices. Cisco will assist the bank in understanding and implementing the various technologies associated with the project. The converged network infrastructure will allow PNB to standardize the applications and software needed to provide the banking services.The network infrastructure will have a three-tier architecture. The network hub will be in its data center. The various branches would be connected to the data center using new-world routing and switching technologies.Moving to Internet bankingPNB got a license from RBI to offer Internet banking services. Some of the RBI preconditions were that the systems should be audited by an independent auditor, and an independent and authentic agency must carry out penetration testing. The bank has already had its systems audited by an external agency, and the penetration testing process is still going on. In the process, PNB has developed the skills of its own personnel to take charge of security on their own at a later stage. The bank will also recruit technically trained staff to provide the necessary knowledge pool. With the Internet banking launch, the bank will also strengthen its security policy.Storage systemsThe bank has followed RBI's storage requirement guidelines. Provisions have been made to store transaction data for around 10 years. In some cases, data is stored permanently. Around 164 Sun enterprise class servers are used in a DAS architecture. The total capacity is of multiple TBs.The Sun hardware uses an in-built storage management tool. Bajwa feels that the bank doesn't need a third-party storage management tool right now since the database is not too large. However the bank is considering a storage management application from Veritas.WAN and connectivity101 branches of the bank are on a WAN. The bank plans to put 500-odd branches on the WAN this year, and in three years the WAN will have 2000-odd branches.The bank tried a number of connectivity options. 802.11b wireless connectivity was installed in five branches to begin with."It was a comfortable experience, but suffered the inability to interchange between the wired medium. Changing between mediums had to be performed manually," said Bajwa.The bank then explored the option of leased lines and used connectivity from MTNL and BSNL. It also used Bharti's leased line between Mumbai and Delhi. The bank now uses Reliance Infocomm's fiber optic backbone along with the leased lines in locations where the optic fiber does not reach. However, the use of Reliance Infocomm's infrastructure may be temporary. Bajwa says that his experience with BSNL's service is very commendable.Network managementPNB has appointed HCL Com-net to carry out 24x7 monitoring of the countrywide network. There's a live link between HCL Comnet's NOC and PNB's IT head office. The network is monitored remotely and can also be viewed at the bank's IT facility, where a separate monitoring system is used for the Base24 Switch. Reliance has set up a NOC at PNB's premise to monitor its optic fiber network.The futureThese are some initiatives the bank wants to take in future:·Set up a data warehouse and a data mart soon. It will take six months to achieve. IDRBT has been involved as a consultant.·It may need to set up a NAS and SAN to consolidate its storage.·Disaster Recovery site may be built at Mumbai to create a replica of its data center. It will take around six months to be functional.· A call center will be set up as a CRM initiative, which uses information from the data warehouse with the help of the Base24 switch.Keeping it secureSecurity was especially important because the bank could afford no compromise. The security architecture had to be robust, reliable, and scalable to meet current and future needs. Cisco was chosen as the service provider who could meet these stringent requirements. The bank uses a range of security products like Firewalls and IDSs from Cisco for its security needs in its LANs and WAN. All data transactions between its routers and switches are encrypted. It has appointed Ramco Systems as the security integrator. The security integrator is responsible for the complete security infrastructure and is answerable for any security breach or lapse. The bank will also appoint a security administrator. Verisign will provide the necessary Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) to the bank for secure transactions.Advantage ATMsPNB feels that ATMs offer many advantages over conventional branch-based banking like low cost per transaction and customer convenience. To encourage this, the bank has installed over 250 ATMs, out of which 175 are networked. A Base24 switch controls the ATMs. The ATMs are connected essentially through VSAT links from Comsat Max. VSAT links were chosen over leased lines because the bank felt that leased lines did not provide 100 percent uptime, and VSATs were closer to that mark. "If a customer uses an ATM and the line is not up, he/she will not be able to complete the transaction. The bank can't take a chance with connectivity," said Bajwa. Comsat Max has signed an SLA of maximum guaranteed uptime and dedicated bandwidth, to be increased whenever required. PNB has formed a consortium of seven banks and has principally agreed to share the ATM facilities amongst themselves. It will be available for public use soon.Appeared in Network Magazine, May 2003。

追求高薪还是职业发展英语作文

追求高薪还是职业发展英语作文英文回答：Pursuing a high salary or career advancement is a common dilemma faced by individuals in their professional lives. Both options have their own advantages and disadvantages, and the best decision depends on individual circumstances and priorities.Financial Security and Comfort.A high salary offers immediate financial benefits, such as a comfortable lifestyle, financial stability, and the ability to afford material possessions. It can also provide peace of mind and reduce financial stress. However, it is important to note that money alone cannot guarantee happiness or fulfillment.Career Growth and Legacy.Career advancement, on the other hand, focuses on professional development, skill acquisition, and leadership opportunities. It presents the chance to make a meaningful contribution to an organization or field, build a legacy, and achieve personal and professional goals. Advancements often come with increased responsibility, challenges, and recognition.Balance and Trade-Offs.Choosing between a high salary and career advancement often involves trade-offs. Higher salaries may require taking on additional responsibilities or sacrificing free time and flexibility. Conversely, career advancement may lead to a temporary reduction in income while pursuing further education or developing new skills.Factors to Consider.The decision ultimately depends on individual factors, such as:Financial obligations: Are there pressing financial needs to meet?Career aspirations: What are the long-term career goals and how do each option align with them?Values: What is more important, financial stability or professional growth?Life stage: Different life stages may have different financial and career priorities.Conclusion.Pursuing a high salary or career advancement is a personal choice that should be made after careful consideration of individual circumstances and priorities. Balancing financial security with career goals is crucial for finding a fulfilling and rewarding career path.中文回答：追求高薪还是职业发展？在职业生涯中，追求高薪还是职业发展是一个常见的选择难题。

基因组注释详解ppt课件

2000 2002 2003 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
2010
Hale Waihona Puke In the coming future
Rise of Genbank databases from DNA sequencing
Human Genome Project & Celera
Genomics completes first draft genome
(17)Scenedesmus obliquus
(18)Thraustochytrium Mitochondrial
22
GETORF:Advanced Options
ii.最小的开放阅读框由多少个核甘酸组成，预设值为30，也就是10个氨基酸。
iii.Type of output：可选择不同的输入结果，包含有： (1)Translation of regions between STOP codons (2)Translation of regions between START and
(1)Standard
(2)Standard (with alternative initiation codons)
(3)Vertebrate Mitochondrial
(4)Yeast Mitochondrial
(5)Mold, Protozoan, Coelenterate Mitochondrial and
FLX 500 Mb / run
Illumina / Solexa/GIIx Genetic Analyzer 50~95GB / run
Illumina / Solexa/HiSeq 200GB / run

吸引投资英文演讲稿范文

Ladies and Gentlemen,Good [morning/afternoon/evening]. It is a great pleasure to stand before you today to discuss an exciting opportunity that promises to not only revolutionize our industry but also to provide a promising return on investment. My name is [Your Name], and I am [Your Position] at [Your Company/Project Name]. Today, I am here to present to you a project that has the potential to be a game-changer, and I believe that together, we can make it a reality.Let us begin by setting the stage. The world is currently undergoing a digital transformation, and industries across the board are being reshaped by technological advancements. This is no different in [Your Industry], where innovation is the key to survival and growth. [Your Company/Project Name] is at the forefront of this transformation, and we are looking for like-minded investors to join us on this journey.Firstly, let me introduce you to the project. [Your Company/Project Name] is committed to [describe the project in detail, including its mission, goals, and the unique value proposition]. Our solution addresses a significant gap in the market, offering a [product/service] that is not only efficient but also user-friendly. The demand for such aproduct/service is on the rise, and we are confident that our solution will capture a substantial share of the market.Now, let's delve into the details that make this project a compelling investment opportunity:1. Market Potential: The market for [product/service] is projected to grow at a [mention growth rate] over the next [mention timeframe]. This growth is driven by several factors, including [mention relevant trends or market drivers].2. Competitive Advantage: Our project boasts a unique competitive advantage that sets us apart from the competition. This includes [mention key differentiators, such as technology, partnerships, or proprietary knowledge].3. Revenue Model: We have developed a robust revenue model that ensuresa steady and scalable income stream. This model includes [mentionpricing strategy, subscription plans, or other revenue-generating mechanisms].4. Expert Team: Our team is comprised of [mention the expertise and experience of the team members]. We have a proven track record of success in [mention relevant achievements or projects].5. Strategic Partnerships: We have already established strategic partnerships with [mention key partners], which will help us to accelerate our growth and expand our reach.6. Funding Requirements: To achieve our goals, we are seeking [mention the amount of investment needed] to fund [mention the specific purposes of the investment, such as research and development, marketing, or expansion].7. Return on Investment: We are confident that this investment willyield a [mention expected ROI] over the next [mention timeframe]. This return is backed by our comprehensive business plan and market analysis.Now, you may be wondering, "What makes this investment worth my time and money?" Here are a few compelling reasons:- Early Stage Investment: By investing in [Your Company/Project Name] at this early stage, you will be part of a groundbreaking project that has the potential to become a market leader.- Potential for High Returns: With the right investment, we can achieve significant growth, which will directly translate into high returns for our investors.- Impact on Society: Our project has the potential to make a positive impact on society by [mention the social or environmental benefits of the project].- Transparency and Accountability: We are committed to maintaining transparent communication and being accountable for our actions. We believe in building long-term relationships with our investors.In conclusion, [Your Company/Project Name] offers a unique opportunity for investors to be part of a transformative project that has the potential to change the future of [Your Industry]. We are confident in our team, our strategy, and the market demand for our product/service. Together, we can unlock the potential of this project and create a prosperous future for all stakeholders involved.I invite you to join us on this exciting journey. If you have any questions or would like to discuss this opportunity further, please do not hesitate to reach out. Thank you for your time and consideration, and I look forward to the possibility of working together.Thank you.。

金融行业-Corporate Banking

金融行业-Corporate Banking一、什么是企业银行Corporate Baking1、定义：Corporate Banking(又称法人金融或公司金融)是Wholesales属性，是针对公司，要服务365行商业银行(Commercial bank)为传统银行，包含Corp. bk. & Consumer bk.，但不含IB(Investment Banking)。

2、分工⑴Commercial banking的Trade sales=>主要是传统银行进出口贸易相关业务；⑵Corporate banking的RM=>除了提供传统银行相关业务，并还包含IB业务(Corp.finance)。

3、代表性银行举例⑴大银行，如：花旗(CITI)、汇丰(HSBC)、渣打(SCB)、荷兰(ABN)…有做Corp. bk. & Consumer bk.；⑵中型银行，如：法国巴黎银行(BNP)、德意志(DB)、摩根大通(J.P.Morgan)、美国银(BOA)…以Corp. bk & IB为主。

二、组织分工及产品1、Sales端：⑴即RM(Relationship Manager)：销售Corp. bk.所有product，buy side为一般公司财务部主管。

⑵RM按行业分✓Large Corp. (LC) RM: 负责本地大型产业如：上市公司，会销售到IB产品；✓Stated own Enterprises(SOE) RM: 负责国有企业，会销售到IB产品；✓Multinational (MNC) RM: 负责跨国公司，不会销售到IB产品；✓Financial Institution(FI) RM: 负责金融行业(大银行又分为：银行同业、非银行金融机构NonBankFI。

前者FI RM偏向销售correspondence业务；后者NBFI RM工作内容较丰富多元，会销售到IB产品)；✓Small & Medium Enterprises(SME) sales: 负责本地中小企业，SME客户要求的服务大多是trade，会销售到一些investment产品；SME Sales下一步很适合做PB Sales(因已积累中小企业主客户基础)；注：一般只有大型企业银行才会将RM如此细分，中小型银行RM会同时负责几个行业。

我国家庭中子女照料老人的机会成本——基于家庭动态调查数据的分析

我国家庭中子女照料老人的机会成本——基于家庭动态调查数据的分析刘柏惠【摘要】我国经济发展水平的限制和少子老龄化的人口结构凸显了家庭在老年照料中的重要性和面临的危机.本文基于CLHLS数据库中的家庭动态调查数据,利用Heckman两阶段模型和Oaxaca分解方法,从劳动参与和工资水平两个方面验证照料老人给子女带来的机会成本.结果表明,老年照料会降低子女的劳动力市场参与率,并使其承受逐渐扩大的隐性“工资惩罚”,其中女性照料者面临更大的工资差距,但男性照料者的工资差距中“工资惩罚”所占比例更大.总体看,照料老人的子女要付出明显的机会成本.这些研究结论对我国老龄政策的制定、老年社会保障服务体系的发展以及劳动力市场的完善都具有借鉴意义.【期刊名称】《人口学刊》【年(卷),期】2014(036)005【总页数】13页(P48-60)【关键词】老龄化;老年保障;非正式照料;机会成本【作者】刘柏惠【作者单位】中国社会科学院财经战略研究院,北京100836【正文语种】中文【中图分类】C913.7一、引言随着“常回家看看”入法①《中华人民共和国老年人权益保障法》于2012年12月28日修订通过，2013年7月1日施行。

其中规定：家庭成员应当关心老年人的精神需求，不得忽视、冷落老年人。

与老年人分开居住的家庭成员应当经常看望或者问候老年人。

用人单位应当按照国家有关规定保障赡养人探亲休假的权利。

，子女对老年人的精神照料受到越来越多的关注，这是在我国日益突出的少子老龄化人口形势下第一次从法律层面对家庭老年照料问题做出的回应。

实际上，在相当长的时期内，由子女等亲人提供的非正式照料一直是我国最主要的老年照料形式①按照国际惯例，针对老年人的照料形式可以划分为两大类，即正式照料（formal care）和非正式照料（informal care），前者包括基于社区的居家照料、基于社区的家庭外照料、机构照料等照料形式，由签订合同的人提供服务，服务提供者会根据签订的雇佣合同得到固定收入。