2013年职称英语等级考试用书(理工类)参考译文

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2013年职称英语(理工类)新增完形填空解及翻译(必考)

2013年职称英语（理工类）新增完形填空解及翻译（必考）完形填空（3篇）第三篇：Giant Structures第八篇：Why India Needs Its Dying Vultures+第十三篇：Better Solar Energy Systems: More Heat, More Light第三篇Giant StructuresIt is an impossible task to select the most amazing wonders of the modem world since every year more l constructions appear．Here are three giant structures which are worthy of our2although they may have been surpassed by some more recent wonders．The Petronas Twin TowersThe Petronas Towers were the tallest buildings in the world when they were completed in1999. With a 3 of 452 metres, the tall twin towers, like two thin pencils, dominate the city of Kuala Lumpur．At the 41 floor, the towels are linked by a bridge, symbolizing a gateway to the city. The American4Cesar Pelli designed the skyscrapers．Constructed of high—strength concrete, the building provides around l, 800 square metres of office space5 every floor. And it has a shopping centre and a concert hall at the base. other6of this impressive building include double·decker lifts, and glass and steelThe Millau BridgeThe Millau Bridge was opened in 2004 in the Tam Valley, in southern France．7the time it was built, it was the world‟s highest bridge, 8 0ver 340m at the highest point. The bridge is described as one of the most amazingly beautiful bridges in the world. It was built to 9Millau‟s congestion problems. The congestion was then caused by traffic passing from Paris to Barcelona in Spain．The bridge was built to withstand the 10 extreme seismic and climatic conditions. Besides, it is guaranteed for l20 years!The Italpu DamThe Itaipu hydroelectric power plant is one of the largest constructions of its kind in the world It consists of a series of darns across the River Parana, ll forms a natural border between Brazil6 and Paraguay7. Started in l975 and takin9 16 years to complete, the construction was carried out as a joint project between the two12．The dam is well-known for both its electricity output and its size. In l995 it produced 78％of Paraguay‟s and 25％of Brazil‟s l3 needs In its construction,thel40f iron and steel used was equivalent to over 300 Eiffel Towers8 It is al5 amazing wonder of engineering．词汇：Worthy adj. 值得的Surpass v．超过, 胜过Symbolize V. 象征Congestion n．拥挤Withstand v. 经受住Seismic 地震的Dam n. 堤, 坝Hydroelectric adj. 水电的注释：1. The Petronas Twin Towers：国油双峰塔, 又称吉隆坡双子塔. 建于l997年, 共有88层, 离达452公尺, 曾是世界上最高的摩天楼. 国油双蜂塔由两幢大楼组成, 两幢楼的第41层由58公尺长的天桥连接. 这座设计新颖的、大量使用了不锈钢与玻璃等建材的双峰塔是吉隆坡市的象征. 不论你在吉隆坡的哪一个角落都可以看到这座十分现代化的建筑物.2. Kuala Lumpur：吉隆坡(马来西亚首都)3. The MiUau Bridge：米约高架桥. 位于法国西南部的米约市, 横跨在塔恩河仙境般的河谷之上, 是通往法圜南部地中海地区75号高速公路段上的枢纽工程. 建造这座斜拉索式桥梁共花费了3年多的时间, 总耗资3. 94亿欧元. 这座大桥全长2. 46公里, 总重29万吨, 大桥距地面270米, 大桥斜拉索的最高点距离地面343米, 高出埃菲尔铁塔23米, 是当时世界上最高的桥梁.4. The Itaipu Dam：伊泰普水电站. 伊泰普水咆站是国前世界上最大的水电站之一, 由巴西和巴拉圭斥资共建, 两国电力公司分别拥有水电站的一半产权. 整个坝长7 853米, 水位落差118. 4米. 水库面积l350平方公里(其中巴西侧750平方公里, 巴拉圭侧600平方公里), 容量290亿立方米. 自1991年起, 伊泰普水电站每年发电收益约23亿美元.5. the River Parana：巴拉那河. 南美洲第二大河.6．Brazil：巴西(南美洲一国名)7. Paraguay：巴控圭(南美洲一国名)8. Eiffel Towers：埃菲尔铁塔. 埃菲尔铁塔是法国巴黎著名建筑, 也是巴黎的象征. 塔高985英尺, 于l889年为世界博览会而建造, 其塔身几乎完全由开放品格的熟铁制成.练习：A. delightfulB. usefulC. wonderfulD. carefulA. admirationB. passionC. expressionD. detectionA. lengthB. widthC. heightD. volumeA. inventorB. architectC. scientistD. merchantA. belowB. inC. aboveD. onA. typesB. partsC. rolesD. featuresA. A.tB. withinC. fromD. uponA. developingB. expandingC. stretchingD. reachingA. restrictB. reserveC. relieveD. relaxA. mostB. muchC. moreD. lessA. whatB. whichC. whoD. thatA. countriesB. provincesC. areasD. regionsA. waterB. oilC. energyD. foodA. amountB. numberC. qualityD. ratioA. mainlyB. totallyC. rarelyD. truly答案与题解：1．C第一句的前半句说的是“要选定当世最令人叹为观止的奇迹是一个无法完戚的差事”, 后半句解释“做不到”的原因在于每年都有新的更令人叹为观止的建筑出现. 本题要选的词应该是与描述constructions极好性状有关的形容词. 四个选项中wonderful符合这个要求, 而delightful, useful和careful均与constructions极好性状无关, 因此不可能是答案.2. A be worthy of意为“值得”. Three giant structures值得什么呢?值得我们passion(热情)、expression(表达)或detection(发现)?这三个选项显然不会是答案. Admiration(赞叹)才是答案.3. C“the tall twin towers”给出了寻找答案的线索. tall towers意为“高楼”, 所以452米指的是高度.4. B本段叙述马来西亚吉隆坡的国油双峰塔. 四个选项中只有architect(建筑师)与设计国油双峰塔最相关. 其他三个选项与architect相比, 相关性就差多了.5. D floor之前搭配的介词是0n.6. D本段前面的句子描述了国油双蜂塔的建筑特色, 本旬进而介绍塔的其他两个特色, 即double—decker lifts(双层电梯)和glass and steel sunshades(建材为玻璃和钢的遮阳篷). 根据上下文判断, features是答案.7．A at the time(在那时, 那时候)是固定搭配, 后接从旬.8. D从词组搭配和上下文意思上判断, reaching over 340m at the highest point是最合适的. reach a height意为“达到某个高度”, 丽develop a height(发展某个高度), expand a height (扩展某个高度)和stretch a height(延伸某个高度)都不合理.9．C congestion是解题的关键词. 建造高架大桥的目的是为了缓解交通拥挤, 所以选择relieve是理所当然的.10. A本句是说米约高架桥的坚固程度, 它能经受住最极端的地震和气候条件而不会倒蹋. 本题的答案是most. the most extreme是形容词extreme的最高级形式.11. B很明显, the River Parana之后是个非限制性定语腹旬, 连接词只能用which. what不能指代the River Parana. that用于限制性定语从甸. Wh0不能指代非生命的the River Paranao 12. A the Itaipu Dam由B西和巴拉圭两国斥资共建, 所以答案不可能是provinces(省), areas(区域)或regions(地区). countries是理所当然的选择.13. C 建造水电站的目的是利用水能发电, 获得电能. Energy是答案. 本句的下半句breaking previous records for energy production中的“energy”也为答案的选择提供了依据.14. A iron和steel是物质名词, 是不可数的, 用the amount of iron and steel是对的.15. D mainly amazing(主要叹为观止的), totally amazing(全部叹为观止的)或rarely amazing (很少叹为观止的)都与句子的意恩接不上. 只有tmly amazing(真正叹为观止的)才符合上下文的意思.参考译文第三篇巨型建筑挑选当今世界最神奇的奇观是一个不可能完成的任务。

2013职称英语(理工类)资料-推荐下载

光盘资料第一部分考纲解读一、概述总述：全国专业技术人员职称英语等级考试是由人事部组织实施的一项国家级外语考试。

专业类别注：三类考试的共同点和不同点：每个级别的试卷内容，除综合类外，普通英语和专业英语题目各占50%。

对于类别的区分意义不大，原则上考生报综合、理工、卫生的任何一类都是可以的，考生可结合自身情况及单位规定进行报考。

在正式考试中，50%的题都是一样的。

等级总分：100分考试时间：120分钟注：参加考试的考生允许带一本普通的英语字典进入考场。

建议参加C 级和B 级考试的考生可以使用《牛津英汉双解词典（中级）》，参加A 级考试的考生适用《牛津英汉双解词典（高级）》，还可以同时考虑准备一本《牛津英语同义词词典》。

二、评价目标总目标：要求：（一）词汇量注：可以主要掌握2000个左右的核心单词和短语结构。

实际考试中出现的超纲词一般都会给出中文注释。

（二）语法知识注：不直接考查语法，对基本语法的考查融入到各类考题中，进行间接考查。

（三）阅读理解能力三、考试内容与试卷结构总述：A、B、C三个等级的考试各由6个部分组成，每个级别的考试题型一样、题量相同，但不同级别考试总的阅读量及难以程度不同。

考试主要考查应试者理解书面英语的能力。

试卷结构及考查目的（总题量65题，满分100分）题型材料类型答题要求考查目的题量分值第一部分词汇选项（四选一）15个句子给出15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，要求应试者从所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。

在一定语境下理解单词或短语的意义。

1515第二部分阅读判断（三选一）1篇短文（300～450词）给出7句话，要求应试者根据文章内容做出判断（正、误、没有直接或间接提到）。

识别和判断文章信息。

77第三部分概括大意与完成句子(选择搭配)1篇短文（300～450词）分两部分：1.概况大意（6选4）；2.完成句子（6选4）。

抓大意，掌握细节。

88第四部分阅读理解（四选一）3篇短文（各300～450词）每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项，要求应试者从中选择1个最佳答案。

2013年职称英语真题参考答案(理工类A级仅供参考)

2013职称英语考试试卷2013年职称英语综合类真题参考答案(理工类A级仅供参考)2013年职称英语考试落下帷幕，笔者及时整理了2013年职称英语理工类真题试卷及参考答案（A级），由于时间仓促，有不对请指证，相互学习。

预祝大家取得好成绩！2013职称英语理工类A级真题试卷及答案：第1部分：词汇选项(第1~15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语有括号，请为每处括号部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1. The rules are too (rigid) to allow for human error.A. inflexibleB. generalC. complexD. direct2. This species has nearly (died out) because its habitat is being destroyed.A. turned deadB. passed byC. carried awayD. become extinct3. The contract between the two companies will (expire) soon.A. shortenB. endC. startD. resume4. Three world-class tennis players came to (content) for this title.A. argueB. claimC. wishD. compete5. The methods of communication used during the war were (primitive).A. simpleB. reliableC. effectiveD. alternative6. Respect for life is a (cardinal) principle of the law.A. moralB. regularC. fundamentalD. hard7. The drinking water has became (contaminated) with lead.A. pollutedB. treatedC. testedD. corrupted8. Come out, or I’ll (bust) the door down.A. shutB. setC. breakD. beat9. She (shed) a few tears at her daughter’s wedding.A. wipedB. injectedC. producedD. removed10. They didn’t seem to appreciate the (magnitude) of the problem.A. existenceB. importanceC. causeD. situation11. The tower remains (intact) ever after two hundred years.A. unknownB. unusualC. undamagedD. unstable12. Many experts remain (skeptical) about his claims.A. doubtfulB. untouchedC. certainD. silent13. The proposal was (endorsed) the majority of members.A. rejectedB. submittedC. consideredD. approved14. Rumors began to (circulate) about his financial problems.A. sendB. spreadC. hearD. confirm15. The police will need to keep a (wary) eye on this area of town.A. nakedB. cautiousC. blindD. private答案：1-5：A D B D A;6-10：C A C C B ; 11-15：C A D B B第2部分：阅读判断(第16~22题，每题1分，共7分下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断;如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

2013年度全国职称英语等级考试理工类(B级)试题(二)

2013年度全国职称英语等级考试理工类（B级）试题第4部分：阅读理解（第31〜45题，每题3分，共45分）下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。

请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。

第一篇Energy and Public LandsThe United States boasts substantial energy resources. Federal lands provide a good deal of US energy production ；the US Department of the Interior manages federal energy leasing (租赁)，both on land and on the offshore Outer Continental Shelf. Production from these sources amounts to nearly 30 percent of total annual US energy production.In 2000，32 percent of US oil，35 percent of natural gas, and 37 percent of coal were produced from federal lands, representing 20，000 producing oil and gas leases and 135 producing coal leases. Federal lands are also estimated to contain approximately 68 percent of all undiscovered US oil reserves and 74 percent of undiscovered natural gas.Revenues from federal oil, gas, and coal leasing provide significant returns to US taxpayers as well as State governments. In 1999, for example，$553 million in oil and gas revenues were paid to the US Treasury, and non-Indian coal leases accounted for over $304 million in revenues，of which 50 percent were paid to State governments. Public lands also play a critical role in energy delivery. Each year, federal land managers authorize rights of way for transmission lines, rail systems，pipelines, and other facilities related to energy production and use.Alternative energy production from federal lands falls behind conventional energy production, though the amount is still significant。

职称英语阅读理解2013理工印全

第六篇Making Light of SleepAll we have a ……1 .The clock located inside our brains is similar to our bedside alarm clock becauseit controls when we wake，when we eat and when we sleep.it has a cycle of 24 hours.it is a cycle also called circadian rhythm.it can alarm any time during 24 hours.2. What is implied in the second paragraph?Young children's biological clock has the same rhythm with that of the teenagers.People after puberty begin to go to bed earlier due to the change of the biological clock.Children before puberty tend to fall asleep earlier at night than adolescents.Teenagers go to bed later than they used to due to the light from the computer screen.3. In the third paragraph the author wants to tell the reader that it is natural for teenagers to stay up late and get up late. staying up late has a bad effect on teenagers' ability to think and learn.during puberty most teenagers experience a kind of gray cloud. it is hard for teenagers to get out of bed in the morning.4. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the fourth and fifth paragraphs?Our biological clock resets itself automatically.light gets through our eyes and resets our biological clock.Our internal clock as well as the alarm clock can be reset automatically.Our internal clock，like the alarm clock，can be reset.5. According to the last two paragraphs，what did the previous researchers think about the human eye's light-sensing system? The human eye had two light-sensing systems.The human eye had one light-sensing system.The human eye could sense the light of day more quickly than the dark of night.The human eye could reset our internal clocks in accordance with the alarm clocks.第十九篇Graphene's SuperstrengthBig technology comes in ……1.What would change the future of electronics according to engineers?Big technology. Creative ways.Graphene.Both A and B.2. According to the second and third paragraphs，what is true of graphene?It can be used to make paper.It is possible to see it with our naked eye.It is easy to find graphene.It is possibly the thickest material in the world.3.Which of the following can be used to replace the word “apply”in paragraph 4?request. polish. use. put.4.Which of the following is NOT meant in the last two paragraphs?Graphene is made of graphite，one of the softest materials in the world.Graphite is made of layers of graphene，the thinnest material in the world.When we get to the thinnest possible layer of graphite，we find graphene.With a pencil，a sheet of paper and a piece of adhesive tape，we can find graphene.5. Graphene's superstrength lies in the fact thatIt is the thinnest material in the world.It is made of the most abundant elements in the world.It can help to make electronic components smaller.It helps engineers to produce more sensitive electronic products. *第三＋八篇"Life Form Found" on Saturn's Titan Scientists say they have ……1 .What have scientists found about Saturn?They have found a new moon orbiting Saturn.They have found methane-based life on Saturn.They have found methane-based life on Titan.They have found earthlike life on a Saturn's moon.2. What do scientists say about Titan?There are life clues there. There is acetylene there.Water on Titan exists in the form of ice.Rivers and lakes there contain life formals.3. To date, scientists have not yet detected this form of life.(paragraph 5)What does "this form of life" refer to?Water-based life. Methane-based life.Liquid-water-based microorganisms. Gas-based life.4. What can be inferred from what Allen said?Scientists have different arguments over whether there is life on Titan.Scientists all agree that there is life on Titan.Scientists all suggest that a biological explanation is reasonable. Scientists all agree that a non-biological chemical reaction is a possible explanation.5. Which of the following can replace the title of this passage? Earthlike Living Beings Found on Titan.Finding of One More Moon of Saturn.Titan, a New Satellite Found.A different Life Form, a Possibility.*第四十篇Teaching Math, Teaching AnxietyIn a new study……1. What is the result of the research at the University of Chicago, according to the first paragraph?Girls comfortable with their own math skills are better than boys at math.Girls uncomfortable with their own math skills are not as good as boys at math.Female teachers' math skills have influence over girl students' math skills.Female teachers' confidence in their math skills is related to girl's math skills.2. What is implied in the third paragraph?Math teachers, like math learners, do not like the subject due to its difficulty.A difficult subject like math may affect teachers' confidence in teaching the subject.Teachers are more anxious teaching math than their students learning math.Math is so difficult that no teachers like to teach it.3. According to the experiment, those teachers were probablyanxious about math when they feltnervous memorizing the numbers of a sales receipt.helpless saving the numbers of a sales receipt.uneasy reading the numbers of a sales receipt.hopeless filling in the numbers of a sales report.4. The sixth paragraph tells us that the research findingsprove a strong link between female teachers' math anxiety and their female students' math achievements.show that male students are less likely to be affected by their math anxiety than female students.provide strong evidence that math superstars are more likely to be males than females.discover a strong link between teachers' math anxiety and their students' math achievements.5. David Geary thinks thatthe study is interesting but it is based on unreliable research process.the research results need to be retested based on a larger sample.the research results need to be reinterpreted to be meaningful. the study is well based and produces significant results.+第四＋五篇Small But WiseOn December 14,NASA ……1 .What is so special about WISE?It is small in size but carries a large camera.It is as small as a trashcan.Its digital camera can help astronomers to see the unknown space.Never before has a telescope carried a digital camera in space.2. Which is NOT the synonym for the word "snap" in the third paragraph?make shoot take photograph.3. The camera on WISEis no different from an ordinary camera.does not see infrared radiation while the ordinary camera does. catches the infrared radiation while the ordinary camera does not.reflects light that human eyes can see.4. Which of the following is NOT correct about "asteroids" according to paragraph 7?Asteroids float through space giving off visible light. Asteroids do not reflect light that reaches them.It is difficult to take asteroids' pictures by ordinary cameras, The WISE telescope can take pictures of asteroids5.What is implied in the last paragraph?Brown dwarfs give off visible light.Brown dwarfs give off infrared radiation.Brown dwarfs are power stars like the sun.Brown dwarfs are impossible to see with the WISE telescope. +第四十六篇Ants Have Big Impact on Environment as "Ecosystem Engineers"Research by the University……1 .Why are ants compared to ecosystem engineers?Because they build their own nests.Because they collect food.Because their activity affects the environment.Because they are predators. 2. As predators, antsprey on small as well as large animals.collect nutritious food from the soilcollect food as decomposers.prey on species much higher up the food chain.3. Dir Sanders' study centered on how antscan manage to thrive in huge numbers.defend their resources and territory against other predators. attack those invading animals for survival.produce such a big impact on the environment.4. What does paragraph 6 tell us?Ants bring about a negative influence to an area when their population is small.Ants bring about a positive influence to an area when their population is small.Ants' predation counteracts the positive influence they may have on an area.At higher density, ants produce a positive influence on an area.5. What still remains unclear about ants, according to the last paragraph?What roles do ants play in the ecosystem in which they live? How do ants affect the animal diversity in a given ecosystem? How do human activities affect ants' influence on a given ecosystem?How do ants alter the physical and chemical environment?In a finding that may speed efforts to conserve oil……1．Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word "sparked" appearing in paragraph 2?flashed stimulated changed ended2．The term "a bell shaped curve" appearing in paragraph 2 indicates that global oil production willtake the shape of a flat curve．B keep growing．keep declining.start to decline after global oil production peaks.3.Which of the following is NOT true of the Hubbert model?It successfully predicted that oil production peaked in the U．S．in l 970．It has been used to predict oil production in many countries．It is insufficient to explain oil production cycles in some countries．It provides a very realistic and accurate oil production. 4．What is the major achievement of the new study mentioned in the last paragraph?It predicts global oil production will peak in 2014.It predicts oil production will decline in 47 countries.It confirms further the effectiveness of the Hubbert model.It discovers a new trend of Worldwide oil production.5. Who develop the new version of the Hubbert model? American scientists.Kuwaiti scientists．British scientists.Scientists of 47 major oil-producing countries.What do chicken pox……1．According to the first paragraph，people try tokill microorganisms related to chicken pox，the flu，etc．keep themselves away from viruses because they are invisible．stay away from viruses because they are causes of various diseases.cure themselves of virus—related diseases by taking medicines．2 What is Belcher's team doing at present?It is finding ways to get rid of viruses．It is mass—producing microbatteries．It is making batteries with viruses．It is analyzing virus genes．3 What expression below is opposite in meaning to the word "shrink" appearing in paragraph 5？Broaden Spread Extend Expand4. Which of the following is true of Belcher's battery mentioned in paragraph 6？It is made of metalIt is a kind of watch battery．It can only be seen with a microscopeIt is a metallic disk with viruses inside it．5. How tiny is one battery part?Its width is one tenth of a hairIt equals the width of a hairIt is as thin as a piece of paperIts width is too tiny to measureInvisibility cloaks would have remained……1．What is true for metamaterials?They will always remain in science fictionThey are already a realityThey are nonexistent in natureScientists begin to use them to build invisible cloaks2．A hyperlens is a more powerful tool than a traditional lens as it can allow scientists to see small thingsas it can help photographers to capture images far awayeven if it is made of ordinary materialsas it can help scientists to see even the wavelengths of visible light3．Scientists at the Polytechnic University of Valencia try to inventan acoustic cloak that can shuffle waves of lightan invisible cloak that can shuffle waves of soundan acoustic cloak that can shuffle waves of sounda cloak that is made of materials found in nature 4．According to Sdnchez—Dehesa,it is of great possibility to build an acoustic cloak soon．it is possible to build an acoustic cloak in theory but far from reality．it is totally impossible to build an acoustic cloak.it is theoretically impractical to build an acoustic cloak 5．What ways are some scientists looking into to protect the island and oil；rig from tsunamis? (Read the last paragraph Surround them with metamaterials as protective shields Stopping the tsunami with metamaterials hours before it reaches themBuilding them with larger metamaterials to keep away tsunamis Using the equipment made of metamaterials to forecast arrival of a tsunamiThe Ford motor company's1 abandonment ……They have given up producing electric cars.will not be the main transportation vehicles in the future. Toyota and Nissan.run more miles than petrol driven cars.The legislation will allow more low-emission lo be produced. Understanding how nature responds to climate …….to collect data of the life cycle of living things.To send their research observations to a professional database.a citizen scientist.Only experts can participate in it.To investigate how plants and animals will respond as the climate changes.1.2 million road deaths worldwide occur ………They focus their research on safety and new fuels.because drivers make mistakes.Windscreens mat can help drivers to improve their vision.To call for help when me car gets jammed in the traffic.It will take some time before robotic drivers can be put to practical use.Coffee lovers beware. Having a quick "pick-me-up" …coffee is a stimulant.Caffeine halves the body's levels of sleep hormone.Different effects of caffeinated coffee and decaf on sleep. Caffeine drinkers produce less sleep hormone.we should not drink coffee after supper.Using enzymes commonly found in living cells,……When the technology of a new type of fuel cell is suitable for mass production.They had trouble keeping enzymes in fuel cells active.when the enzyme oxidizes the glucose from a sugary liquid that goes through a pocket.Their limited power generation capacity is a good beginning.It will take some time before die new fuel cells can be used in popular products.Some 300 meters up, near the Eiffel Tower's……..Tourists of all nationalities come to scribble on the cold iron of the tower.Visitors prefer wasting time scribbling to enjoying the view. He climbed 747 steps up the tower in 19 minutes and 4 seconds. Conducting research in various fields.Visitors can imagine freely what the tower represents.Even ancient Egypt's mighty pyramid builders were……Because even they were unable to rescue their civilisation. Change of climate.The White Nile and the Blue Nile are branches of the River Nile.immediately after a period of drought."damaging".Young female chimps are faster and better learners……Because young female chimps begin to study their mothers earlier.Vegetation.Females could get out more termites with every dip.It will make them good fighters and hunters in the future. Adult chimps hunt monkeys while young chimps fish for termites.Companies are paying up to SI0,000 to register domain……the company Network Solutions.the US government.a registrar.It must pay up to $10,000 or a nonrefundable deposit.The registration fee for a domain name on the Internet.In January, 2003, the eastern two-thirds of the United…….The temperature in the United States except the South dropped below the freezing mark.Parts of interior South Florida.he was caught by the sudden cold.' wanted to encourage trucks to transport as much fruit lo market as possible.Florida Citrus Mutual sprayed trees with sprinklers for citrus growers.Scientists can't yet make an invisibility cloak1 like the ……try to invent a device similar in idea to the invisible cloak he uses.Their wavelengths are longer than those of visible light. Microwaves bounce off it when they strike it.disk or plate placed under a drinking glass to protect a table top. die cloaking device works only for microwaves.A concept car developed by Japanese company ……It has sensors locked up in the ignition system.breathalyzer attached to a car's seat belt,It monitors the driver's eyes to see if he needs a rest.Nissan aims to improve the detection technology to reduce the fatality rate.The car will automatically keep to its lane.Learning how to fly took nature millions of years…….The two professors of CUT programmed the data on how the robot flapped its wings.It twitched but gradually gained height.The winged robot could never really fly.A movement detector.All the above.In what resembles a journey to the center……erupted in 1991.predicting volcano eruptions.Because Japan has many living volcanoabout half way up the mountain.drill a hole into the core of a volcano.Even with the best will1 in the world, reducing….despite the difficulty, scientists have some options to prevent global warming.think the problem has been solved.Methadone is an effective way to treat a hard heroin addict.To apply sunscreen to the Earth.It decreases greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.Worldwide every day, we devour the energy equivalent ……Oil supply is decreasing.Coal is the most environmentally unfriendly fuel next to oil. The United States.There will soon be an energy crisis.The sea level will go up.Prolonging human life has increased the size of the…….a decrease in death rates.infants could be left dead in times of starvation.Many of them have a very hard life.the need to take care of a sick and weak person.Critical.Oceans cover more than two-thirds of our planet….A submersible.It can carry explorers as deep as 6,500 meters.the ocean. Shape.Both A and B.Scientists have been studying natural sources of ……..It was produced in oxygen-free environments.an environment with the same concentration of oxygen as the Earth has.The higher the temperature, the greater the amount of methane emissions.Microbes in plants produce methane.Less methane reaches the atmosphere.You've probably heard that no two snowflakes are……No two snowflakes are exactly the same in shape.They are six-sided.Humidity and temperature.admires the beauty of the snowflakes.create snowflakes that are exactly alike.The graceful wooden windmills that have broken up ……Wooden shoes and wooden windmills.It is a high-tech machine designed to generate energy for urban people.can be carried up to the rooftop without a crane.the Netherlands is a small country with a large population. Both A and C.Coal burning deep underground in China, India and ……poisonous elements released by the underground fires can pollute water sources.Coal heats up on its own and catches fire and burns.Coal fires can have an impact on the environment.He has detected and monitored underground fires in the Netherlands. ',Cutting off the oxygen supply.A meager diet may give you health and long life, …….We have to begin dieting since childhood.To illustrate the effect of meager food on mice.They are more likely to suffer from inflammation.The mice that started dieting in old age.dieting is not a good method to give us health and long life. Male pilots flying general aviation (private) aircraft in….. Gender difference in relation to types of aircraft crashes.Only mature pilots are studied to determine the gender differences in the reasons for aircraft crash,They studied the findings of several previous research projects. Loss of control on landing or takeoff and stalling.male pilots are found to make more errors in decision-making. Joe Coyne slides into the driver's seat, starts up the car ……Coyne is not really driving so it is impossible for him to have hit the woman.All of the above.In challenging driving situations, drivers do not have any additional mental energy to deal with something else.want to determine the best ways of giving navigational information system.Men prefer more general directions and women prefer route directions.To sleep. Perchance to file"? Findings published …….. Docs brain arrange memories in useful order during sleep? Somatosensory neocortex and hippocampus work together in memory consolidation.The poorer the memory, the poorer glucose tolerance.The more hippocampus shrinks, the poorer one's memory.To control glucose levels.Experiments under way in several labs aim to create …….. GM foods may bring about great benefits to humans.It is cited to show GM foods also have a dark side.They may have a higher ability to adapt to the environment. The United States has not banned GM foods.We cannot tell from the passage.In the digital realm, the next big advance will …….are in its initial stage of development.machines can be our agents as they understand our thoughts.It motivates the development of the digital world.All of the above.In a personalized market, products are tailored toeachconsumer.A hurricane is a fiercely powerful, rotating form of tropical ……A calm central region of low pressure between 12 to 60 miles in diameter.The tropical waters are warm and calm.To supply the motive force or power and cause to function. Low pressureThe humanitarian crisis is as serious as that of the great depression.A team of researchers in California has developed a ……Neurons in the brain.f MRI helps scientists to discover how the brain develops intelligently."marking the parts of the brain that arc processing information" Two volunteers.Your Thoughts Can Be Scanned.The withdrawal of Nevada's…Canceling.should be approved by local people and states.The decision by Congress was accepted by local communities. Efforts should be made to develop nuclear disposal sites to suit the circumstances of the region.Waste disposal sites are located close to reactors and in places suitable for the regional circumstances.Using die power of the sun is nothing new. ……Plants have been using solar energy for billions of years.. Because they want green plants lo become a new source of energy.When there is no oxygen in the air.It is too slow for algae to produce hydrogen when the sulfate is removed.They are cheap to eat.6. Why do some scientists study how plants convert sunlight carbon dioxide and water into sugars and starches?Because they want green plants to become a new source of energy.A device that provides early warning of a landslide ……Landslides.All of the above.Because the common methods can cause false alarms.It is filled in with gravel.Evidences.In what may be bad news for bars and pubs, ……. who drink alcohol outside of meals.It increases by 20 percent the possibility of cancer in all sites.3 drinks.Laryngeal cancer.reduces the risk of laryngeal cancer.Factory fanning could soon enter a new era of mass ….. Cloned chickens are bulk-produced with the same growth rate, weight and taste.The US's National Institute of Science and Technology. chickens could grow to the same weight but with less feed. Origen has joined hands with Embrex in producing cell-injecting machines.farmers can order certain strains of chicken only.Scientists watched closely last spring as a haze of …..of desert dust and hydrocarbons.heir ability to reflect light is much stronger.She collected samples of pollutants on the Northwest coast for further tests.The two research teams whose Findings Price correlates hers with are based in Asia.Pollutants coming from Europe are not the main source of pollution in North America.Oil and gas will run out too fast for doomsday……..Oil and gas will run out so fast that Earth's doomsday will never materialize.cut C02 emissions.3，500 billion by a growing number of scientists.He thinks that IPCC's estimates are more optimistic than the Swedes.A switch to burning coal would produce disastrous environmental problems.Today petroleum provides around 40% of the world's …..A and B.is the largest of all the hydroelectric dams in the world. Norway.All of the above.are renewable so sustainable.There are several different methods that can be used …….. Imagination of the forecaster.if weather conditions do not change much.the weather features need to be constant for a long period of lime.Both climatology method and analog method.when the current weather scenario differs from the analog. Judith S. Weis, a biology professor who serves as ……. School boards oppose AIBS's effort to defend the theory of evolution.Darwin's theory is denied as the central theory of biology. more than 80 societies and 250,000 members.is fundamental to the development of modern genetics, molecular biology and genomics.Because the term creationism is too direct.Invisibility cloaks' would have remained ……They are nonexistent in nature.as it can help scientists to see even the wavelengths of visible light.an acoustic cloak that can shuffle waves of sound.it is possible to build an acoustic cloak in theory but far fromreality.Surround them with metamaterials as protective shields.A male zebra finch1 chirps away to himself. Suddently……Male zebra finches change their songs in female zebra finches' presence.Female finches liked songs male finches sang for them.Songs sung by male finches for female finches.Male zebra finches sing to themselves.Birdsongs as communication.Cryptic species — animals that appear identical but are ….. The results of the research can help our understanding of "survival of the fittest. "Both B and C.Not yet.They are two genetically distant species.identified only one mosquito species instead of six species. NASA scientists said that Mars was covered once by ……. Water in a soil sample.The samples got stuck inside the scoop.Scientists have been trying to break the ice-rich layers of soil on Mars.They are from both America and Canada.It imitates human vision and is able to capture three-dimensional images.Cell phones are a danger on the road in more ways ….. both A and C.Before the number of cell phone users reached a critical mass The number of traffic deaths was reduced in the late 1980s and part of the 1990s due to cell phone use.It had a life-taking effect because there weren't enough cell phones in use then .The number of cell phone users reached about 100 million. 2012理工完形填空第三篇Germs on BanknotesPeople in different countries use different types of money : yuan in China, pesos in Mexico, pounds in the United Kingdom, dollars in the United States, Australia and New Zealand. They may use different currencies, but these countries, and probably all countries, still have one thing in common: Germs on the banknotes.Scientists have been studying the germs on money for well over100 years. At the turn of the 20th century, some researchers began to suspect that germs living on money could spread disease.Most studies of germy money have looked at the germs on the currency within one country. In a new study, Frank Vriesekoop and other researchers compared the germ populations found on bills of different countriesVriesekoop is a microbiologist at the University of Ballarat in Australia. He led the study, which compared the germ populations found on money gathered from 10 nations. The scientists studied 1,280 banknotes in total; all came from places where people buy food, like supermarkets street vendors and cafes, because those businesses often rely on cash.Overall, the Australian dollars hosted the fewest live bacteria----no more than 10 per square centimeter. Chinese yuan had the most ---- about 100 per square centimeter. Most of the germs on money probably would not cause harm.What we call “paper” money usually isn't made from paper. The U. S. dollar, for example, is printed on fabric that is mostly cotton .Different countries may use different materials to print their money. Some of the currencies studied by Vriesekoop and his team such as the American dollar were made from cotton. Others were made from polymers.The three currencies with the lowest numbers of bacteria were all printed on polymers. They included the Australian dollar, the New Zealand dollar and some Mexican pesos.The other currencies were printed on fabric made mostly of cotton. Fewer germs lived on the polymer notes. This connection suggests that germs have a harder time staying alive on polymer surfaces. Scientists need to do more studies to understand how germs live on money-----and whether or not we need to be concerned. Vnesekoop is now starting a study that will compare the amounts of time bacteria can stay alive on different types of bills.Whatever Vriesekoop finds, the fact remains: Paper money harbors germs We should wash our hands after touching it; after all, you never know where your money’s been. Or what's living on it第十篇 Chicken Soup for the Soul：Comfort Food Fights LonelinessMashed potatoes, macaroni and cheese, may be bad for your arteries， but according to a study in Psychological Science, they’re good for your heart and emotions．The study focuses on “comfort food” and how it makes people feel．"For me personally, food has always played a big role in my family,” says Jordan Troisi, a graduate student at the University of Buffalo, and lead author on the study．The study came out of the research program of his co—author Shira Gabriel．It has looked at non-human things that may affect human emotions．Some people reduce loneliness by bonding with their favorite TV show, building virtual relationships with a pop song singer or looking at pictures of loved ones．Troisi and Gabriel wondered if comfort food could have the same effect by making people think of their nearest and dearest.In one experiment, in order to make participants feel lonely, the researchers had them write for six minutes about a fight with someone close to them. Others were given an emotionally neutral writing assignment. Then , some people in each group wrote about the experience of eating a comfort food and others wrote about eating a new food．Finally, the researchers had participants complete questions about their levels of loneliness．Writing about a fight with a close person made people feel lonely．But people who were generally secure in their relationships would feel less lonely by writing about a comfort food．"We have found that comfort foods are consistently associated with those close to us." says Troisi．"Thinking about or consuming these foods later then serves as a reminder of those close others." In their essays on comfort food, many people wrote about the experience of eating food with family and friends.In another experiment, eating chicken soup in the lab made people think more about relationships, but only if they considered chicken soup to be a comfort food. This was a question they had been asked long before the experiment, along with many other questions, so they wouldn’t remember it.。

2013年职称英语真题理工类C阅读类原文及译文

Wide World of RobotsEngineers who build and program robots have fascinating jobs.These researchers tinker（修补）with machines in the lab and write computer software to control these devices.“They’re the best toys out there,”says Howie Choset at Carnegie Mellon University in Pittsburgh.Choset is a robotics, a person who designs,builds or programs robots.When Choset was a kid,he was interested in anything that moved-cars,trains,animals.He put motors on Tinker toy cars to make them ter,in high school,he built mobile robots similar to small cars.Hoping to continue working on robots,he studied computer science in college.But when he got to graduate school at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena,Choset’s labmates were working on something even cooler than remotely controlled cars:robotic snakes.Some robots can move only forward,backward,left and right.But snakes can twist（扭曲）in many directions and travel over a lot of different types of terrain（地形）.“Snakes are far more interesting than thecars,”Choset concluded.After he started working at Carnegie Mellon,Choset and his colleagues there began developing their own snake robots. Choset’s team programmed robots to perform the same movements as real snakes,such as sliding and inching forward.The robots also moved in ways that snakes usually don’t,such as rolling. Choset’s snake robots could crawl（爬行）through the grass, swim in a pond and even climb a flagpole.But Choset wondered if his snakes might be useful for medicine as well.For some heart surgeries,the doctor has to open a patient’s chest,cutting through the breastbone. Recovering from these surgeries can be very painful.What if the doctor could perform the operation by instead making a small hole in the body and sending in a thin robotic snake?Choset teamed up with Marco Zenati,a heart surgeon now at Harvard Medical School,to investigate the idea.Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and then tested the robot in pigs.A company called Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology for surgeries on people.Even after15years of working with his team’s creations,“I still don’t get bored of watching the motion of my robots,”Choset says.译文：机器人的大千世界制作、编程机器人的工程师的工作很吸引人。

全国职称英语理工A教材(含词汇习题及译文)

说明：1、这是全国职称英语理工A级的教材，本人考完后整理的。

（考试时建议一定要带本便于查找的字典）2、建议下载一个能够取词的翻译软件配合使用，效果较好。

3、建议使用word分页对比看，将原文和翻译对比着学习，提高学习效率。

4、考试的内容部分是书上的，但看书+之后的练习题对于考试有较大的作用。

这是个人的一点经验，希望对后来者有帮助。

第一部分：词汇（参照书本学习，经验是结合文章学）abrupt C sudden allocated D distributed abide by. A sticktoaccumulate a. A build lip authentically B genuinely advisable D wise abnormal D unusual Abundant B a plentiful Accelerate A stepup Accumulate C collect barren. B bare childish. B immature coverage C reportage census A count decent A honest deliberately C intentionallyduplicated. C copied draft B formulate depicts. Adescribesdeadly. C fatal extinction B dying out embodies. B includes exhibit. C show extract A take out eternal! A everlasting eligible D entitled eligible. C qualified faulty. A wronggorgeous C magnificent gangsters A violent criminals hailed C acclaimed harness C utilize hazard D danger ingenious. B clever immense B enormous lawful A legal lureC attraction lerate A put up with mockD laugh atmotives. A reasons mighty A very strong mildly. A gently manualB physicalnotably C particularly orthodox. D conventional outrageous. Bunacceptableobscured. D prevent omitted. B failed operative. D working overtook. B passed puzzle B mystery postulated B assumed probed. B explored packaged A compactly readily A willingly remedy D curerestrain C prevent sensational. D exciting Stroll . A walk steadily A continuously spurred A encouraged scattered. Aseparated shabby . unfair standpoint, B point of view trembledD shooktouching. C moving vigorous. B healthy vague A imprecisewidens C broadens wrecked . C damaged词汇学习 1：1. call C phone2. space C room3. at once. B immediately4. identify . A name5. occurred. A happened6. complete. D finish7. eventually. C finally 8. conversation. A talk 9. attend. A go to10. made up D decided 11. account C consideration 12. put up with A tolerate 13. given up. B abandoned 14. seldom. A rarely 15. take out D extract3. dimly. C faintly y 5. inevitable B certain 6. isolated, A solitary 7. called off. C cancelled 8. made up his mind. C decided 9. now and then. B occasionally 10. finds fault with. A criticizes 11. grasped C took hold of 12. consideration C account14. abandoned. B given up 15. lately? C recently 3. residents B occupants7. Practically B Almost 8. occasionally C sometimes 9. try D test10. rarely B seldom 13. shine D polish 1. insist on A demand 2. damaging D harmful 3. seldom B rarely 4. speeds a. A velocities 5. physician. A doctor 6. particularly C especially 7. safe. D secure 8. a branch Ba division 13. allocate A assign 1. appalling Adreadful2. anyhow B anyway3. attain C attained4. capability Dabilities5. in conjunction with. A together6. credibleBconvincing7.diligent Chardworking8. diverse. Dvaried 11. persists. C continues 12. regulate D control 1. annoying. D irritating 4. summit A top of the mountain 7. ban B forbid15. scared. A frightened 2. principal organizers. A planners 10. asserted A stated firmly12. propose C suggested 13. regret A sorry 14. relied on . Bdepended on15. removed C took off 1. an improved D a better 2. breaks A beats 3. provokedB elicited5. framework B skeleton 9. fascinated A intrigued 11. settle A solve 13. shocked. D surprised 2. uneasy. anxious 3. demolished. pulled down 4. adverse unfavorable 5. concise. short and clear6. courteous respectful7. invaluable. extremely useful8. insane. C crazy9. exhaustive. A extremely thorough13. abided by. A adhered to 14. without C fairly 15. terminated. B put an end to第13篇+The Northern Lights 第14篇+Biodiesel1. The Sun’s gravity. B Wrong 1. Thailand suffers. C Notmentioned2. The Earth A Right 2. Biodiesel. B Wrong3. Some scientists. C Not mentioned 3. Biodiesel,cooking oil. A Right4. The auroras. A Right 4. Malaysia, and B Wrong5. You cannot. B Wrong 5. Yuthachai fuel is welcomed. A Right6. Tens of thousands. C Not mentioned 6. Yuthachai, the inventor C Notmentioned7. An aurora. B Wrong 7. It seems . A Right第15篇 +Image Martian Dust Particles 第11篇 *Computer Mouse 1. The dust particle. A. Right 1. Most computer users BWrong2. Using the same technology, C. Not 2. According to, computer users howC Not3. Scientists. B. Wrong 3. The computer mouse A.Right4. Tom Pike. A. Right 4. The key components. ARight5. An electronic device. C. Not mentioned 5. When an ordinary computer BWrong6. After collecting B. Wrong 6. The most durable computer . CNot7. The Phoenix's robotic A. Right 7. The optical mouse. ARight第12篇 *Study Helps Predict Big Mediterranean Quake1. The fault, A Right. 5. Ms. Shaw. A Right2. It is fun B Wrong 6, Ms. Shaw. B Wrong3. Radiocarbon dating. C Not mentioned 7. The earthquake. C Notmentioned4. Scientists predict A Right第13篇+Face Masks May Not Protect from Super-Flu1 IF a super-flu.2 But it’s3 When that’s.4 Influenza5 During.6 Nor does.7 Whether people练习：1. Paragraph 2 D Guideline on Mask Use List2. Paragraph 3 C Effort to Stop Flu From Spreading When to Use Face Masks3. Paragraph 5 A Reasons for Excluding Masks From the Self-protection4. Paragraph 6 F Warnings Form , Hands and Masks5. The scientists are trying to find out if masks mayor may not . E help protect attacked by a flu6. The CDC is afraid that the public may . A overuse face masks7. The public will , until scientists . F announce the results of their mask research8. We can infer from the passage that the US authorities . B deal with the mask problem seriously第14篇+The Magic Io Personal Digital Pen1 Check out2 Logitech’s3 It is only4 The io Personal5 It is a great product.6 The io Personal Digital, reducing paperwork.练习：1. Paragraph 2 F 神奇笔的工作原理FedEx ,l Digital Pen2. Paragraph 3 B神奇笔存储的信息下载到电脑的过程Ways to Download ,of the Io Pen3. Paragraph 5 A 神奇笔的优越性 A Friendly and Convenient Device4. Paragraph 6 C 用神奇笔的其他地方Ways to , of Other Potential Applications5. There is no need to learn how to use the io Personal Digital Pen because . D it works like an ordinary pen6. If you want to download what you have done with the magic pen, . E you simply place,cradle7. The magic pen is particularly convenient ,because . A you don’t have to carry your laptop along8. No matter what you write or draw, F the movement of your pen is recorded digitally inside the pen第15篇 +Maglev Trains1 A few countries2 If you’ve，taken away.3 The magnetic4 The big difference5 The magnetized coil.6 Maglev trains float练习: 1. Paragraph 3 A The Main Components of the Maglev Train System2. Paragraph 4 E Comparison of Maglev Trains with Traditional Ones Maglev witha Powerful Motor3. Paragraph 5 C High-speed Maglev due to Zero Friction The Working Principle of the Maglev Train4. Paragraph 6 B 磁浮列车速度奇快的原因：去除了传统火车的车轮于铁轨的摩擦。

2013年职称英语完形填空答案及译文(理工b)

2013职称英语理工类完形填空及参考译文第一篇Captain Cook Arrow Legend 库克船长箭传说It was a great legend while it lasted，but DNA testing has (1) finally ended a two-century-old story of the Hawaiian arrow carved from the bone of British explorer Captain James Cook(2) who died in the Sandwich Islands’in 1779.―There is (3) no Cook in the Australian Museum，’’museum collection manager Jude Philip said not long ago in announcing the DNA evidence that the arrow was not made of Cook’S bone.But that will not stop the museum from continuing to display the arrow in its(4) exhibition ，―Uncovered：Treasures of the Australian Museum,‖ which(5) does include a feather cape presented to Cook by Hawaiian King Kalani’opu’u in 1778.Cook was one of Britain’s great explorers and is credited with(6) discovering the―Great South Land，"(7) now Australia, in 1 770.He was clubbed to death in the Sandwich Islands，now HawaiiThe 1egend of Cook’s arrow began in 1824 (8) when Hawaiian King Kamehameha on his deathbed gave the arrow to William Adams，a Lo ndon surgeon and relative of Cook’s wife，saying it was made of Cook’s bone after the fatal(9) fight with islanders.In the 1890s the arrow was given to the Australian Museum and the legend continued (10) until it came face=to-face with science.DNA testing by laboratories in Australia and New Zealand revealed the arrow was not made of Cook’s bone but was more (11) likely made of animal bone。

2013职称英语综合类教材新增内容

∙2013职称英语综合类教材新增内容：∙第一篇Taking Pictures of the WorldMeet Annie Griffiths Belt, a National Geographic photographer. Belt has worked for National Geographic since 1978，and has taken pictures on almost every continent in the world. In fact, Antarctica is t he only continent Belt hasn’t seen yet.Belt’s photographs are well known for their beauty and high quality. They also reflect very different cultures and regions of the world. Belt has photographed the ancient city of Petra, Jordan, as well as the green landscapes of the Lake District in England. Recently，her pictures appeared in a book about undeveloped natural places in North America.Everywhere that Belt goes, she takes pictures of people. Belt has found ways to connect with people of all ages and n ationalities even when she does not speak their language. “ The greatest privilege of my job is being allowed into peopled lives,” she has said. “The camera is like a passport, and I am often overwhelmed by1 how quickly people welcome me!”Knowing how to break the ice has helped to make Belt a successful photographer, but experts say that anyone can learn to connect with new people. When people speak the same language, greetings and small talk can make strangers feel more comfortable with each other. When people don’t speak the same language, a smile is very helpful. Having something in common can also help break the ice. For example, Belt has traveled with her two children, so when she takes pictures of children or their parents，they all have that family connection in common. Even bad weather can help people to connect when they are experiencing it together.Belt has some advice if you are thinking about a career in photography. You can volunteer to take pictures for a local or ganization that can’t afford to hire a professional photographer. You can also take a good, honest look at your best photographs. If you’re a real photographer, your photos are good because of your personal and technical skills. Belt also recommends studying and learning from photos taken by professional photographers.Remember, the next time you look at a beautiful photograph, you might be looking at the work of Annie Griffiths Belt. And the next time you meet a new person, don’t be afraid to break the ice. The connection you make could be very rewarding.练习：1. Belt has never traveled to England.2. Belt has never traveled to Antarctica.3. Belt has worked for a number of magazines.4. Petra is a very old city in Jordan.5. Belt can only connect with English-speakers.6. People can connect with each other in bad weather.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned7. Volunteering is one way to begin a photography career.参考译文第一篇镜头中的世界让我们来认识摄影师艾妮•格里菲斯•贝尔特。

2013年职称英语理工A部分试题答案

Better Solar Energy Systems: More Heat, More Light Solar photovoltaic thermal energy systems, or PVTs, generate both heat and electricity, but until now they haven’t been very good at the heat-generating part compared to a stand-alone solar thermal collector. That’s because they operate at low temperatures to cool crystalline silicon solar cells, which lets the silicon generate more electricity but isn’t a very efficient way to gather heat.That’s a problem of economics . Good solar hot-water systems can harvest much more energy than a solar-electric system at a substantially lower cost. And it，s also a space problem：photovoltaic cells can take up all the space on the roof, leaving little room for thermal applications.In a pair of studies, Joshua Pearce, an associate professor of materials science and engineering, has devised a solution in the form of a better PVT made with a different kind of silicon. His research collaborators are Kunal Girotra from ThinSilicon in California and Michael Pathak and Stephen Harrison from Queen’s University, Canada."Most solar panels are made with crystalline silicon，but you can also make solar cells out of amorphous silicon, commonly known as thin-film silicon. They don’t create as much electricity, but they are lighter, flexible, and cheaper. And, because they require much less silicon, they have a greener footprint. Unfortunately，thin-film silicon solar cells are vulnerable to some bad-news physics in the form of the Staebler-Wronski effect.“That means that their efficiency drops when you expose them to light — pretty much the worst possible effect for a solar cell,” Pearce explains，which is one of the reasons thin- film solar panels make up only a small fraction of the market.However, Pearce and his team found a way to engineer around the Staebler-Wronski effect by incorporating thin-film silicon in a new type of PVT. You don’t have to cool down thin-film silicon to make it work. In fact，Pearce’s group discovered that by heating it to solar-thermal operating temperatures，near the boiling point of water, they could make thicker cells that largely overcame the Staebler-Wronski effect. When they applied the thin-film silicon directly to a solar thermal energy collector , they also found that by baking the cell once a day，they boosted the solar cell’s electrical efficiency by over 10 percent.参考译文更有效的太阳能系统：更多热量，更强灯光太阳能光伏热能系统，也叫PVT，能够生成热量和电能。

2013年职称英语教材综合类阅读理解英文及译文

2013年职称英语教材综合类阅读理解英文及译文（三）阅读理解1.第三篇：Shark Attack ！2.第五篇：The Travels of Ibn Battuta12年新增的篇目：第1、8、10、11、16、19、20、26、30、33、34、35、37、38、47篇13年新增的篇目：第3、5篇。

12年第8篇(C级)第33篇B级，第35篇A级2012年已考职称英语阅读理解文章译文(参加综合A、B、C级考试需要掌握文章) 3第一篇讲述关于人们的故事Telling Tales about People第二篇课外学习带来很大不同 4Outside-the-classroom Learning Makes a Big Difference 5第三篇小心鲨鱼 5Shark Attack! 6第四篇火鸡盛宴和感恩节的祝福 6Feast on Turkey and Good Wishes at Thanksgiving 7第五篇伊本白图泰游记7The Travels of Ibn Battuta 8第六篇看电视与长途汽车旅行9TV Shows and Long Bus Trips 10第七篇现代日光浴者10Modern Sun Worshippers 11第八篇变化中的中产阶级11The Changing Middle Class 12第九篇单亲幼儿最出色12Single-parent Kids Do Best 13第十篇艾伦的来信13A Letter from Alan 14第十一篇芭蕾舞的发展14The Development of Ballet 15第十二篇走私15Smuggling 15第十三篇芭比娃娃16The Barbie Dolls 16第十四篇睡眠17Sleep 17第十五篇轨道航天飞机18Orbital Space Plane 18第十六篇撒哈拉沙漠19The Sahara 20职称英语阅读理解文章译文(参加综合A、B级考试需要掌握文章)以下为B级第十七篇引人注目的埃菲尔铁塔20Eiffel Is an Eyeful 21第十八篇美国教育的目标22Goal of American Education 22第十九篇家庭23The Family 23第二十篇讲述可怕的过去24Tales of the Terrible Past 24第二十一篇动物间的间隔距离25Spacing in Animals 26第二十二篇我们所知道的关于语言的一些事情26Some Things We Know about Language 27第二十三篇只好向上27The Only Way Is Up 28第二十四篇克隆农场29Clone Farm 29第二十五篇收入30Income 30第二十六篇看许久以前的世界31Seeing the World Centuries Ago 32第二十七篇服务业的重要性33Importance of Services 33第二十八篇国家公园的服务机构34The National Park Service 34第二十九篇发现自己变胖了?这得责怪朋友们35Find Yourself Packing It On? Blame Friends 36第三十篇“幸运的”鲁肯伯爵-是死是活 37“Lucky” Lord Lucan--Alive or Dead 37第三十一篇泳池监护38Pool Watch 39第三十二篇柴罗基部落40The Cherokee Nation 40第三十三篇老妇人41Oseola McCarty 41职称英语阅读理解文章译文(参加综合B、C级考试需要掌握文章)第一篇讲述关于人们的故事最普遍的非小说类文学作品类型之一就是一些描述人们生活的故事，并且很多人喜欢阅读这类作品。

2013年职称英语_理工类_新增文章含译文-便携版

2013年职称英语（理工类）新增所有文章篇目1、+表示A级文章；*表示B即文章；其他为C级文章；2、阅读理解，请参见第4页；完形填空，请参见第14页；3、2013年词汇部分、大纲与2012年相比未作任何变化。

阅读理解（3篇）第十一篇：When Our Eyes Serve Our Stomach第十九篇：Musical Robot Companion Enhances Listener Experience+第四十八篇：Researchers Discover Why Humans Began Walking Upright 完形填空（3篇）第三篇：Giant Structures第八篇：Why India Needs Its Dying Vultures+第十三篇：Better Solar Energy Systems: More Heat, More Light第四部分阅读理解第十一篇When Our Eyes Serve Our Stomach Our senses aren’t just delivering a strict view of what’s going on in the world；they’re affected by what’s going on in our heads1. A new study finds that hungry people see food-related words more clearly than people who’ve just eaten.Psychologists have known for decades that what’s going on inside our head affects our senses．For example, poorer children think coins are larger than they are, and hungry people think pictures of food are brighter．Rémi Radel of University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis2, France, wanted to investigate how this happens．Does it happen right away as the brain receives signals from the eyes or a little later as the brain’s high-1evel thinking processes get involved.Radel recruited 42 students with a normal body mass index3．On the day of his or her test, each student was told to arrive at the lab at noon after three or four hours of not eating. Then they were told there was a delay. Some were told to come back in 10 minutes; others were given an hour to get lunch first. So half the students were hungry when they did the experiment and the other half had just eaten.For the experiment, the participant looked at a computer screen．One by one, 80 words flashed on the screen for about l/300th of a second each. They flashed at so small a size that the students could only consciously perceive．A quarter of the words were food-related．After each word, each person was asked how bright the word was and asked to choose which of two words they’d seen-a food-related word like cake or a neutral word like boat. Each word appeared too briefly for the participant to really read it．Hungry people saw the food-related words as brighter and were better at identifying food- related words. Because the word appeared too quickly for them to be reliably seen, this means that the difference is in perception5, not in thinking processes, Radel says.“This is something great to me．Humans can really’perceive what they need or what they strive for. From the experiment, I know that our brain can really be at the disposal of 6 our motives and needs. ”Radel says.词汇：threshold/‘θreʃhəuld/ｎ起点, 开端；门槛neutral/'nju：tml/aｄj. 中性的；中立的strive/stralv/v. 努力, 力求；斗争disposal/dｉs’paool/ｎ. 处理, 处置；配置motive/mzotlv/ｎ．动机, 目的注释：1．Our senses aren’t just delivering a strict view of…in our heads：这个句子的大概意思是：我们的五官感觉不仅仅让我们感知世界；五官感觉还受大脑活动的影响.2. University of Nice Sophia－Antipolis：法国尼斯·索菲亚·安提波利斯大学, 简称尼斯大学, 196５年经法国政令正式宣布成立. 尼斯大学在尼斯市设有7处主校园, 另外, 还在索菲亚．安提波利斯市(Sophia Antipolis)、戛纳市(Cannes)和芒东市(Menton)设有校区. 索菲亚．安提渡剩斯是位于尼斯市西南侧的科技园区, 是许多高等学府的所在地.3．body mass index：身体质量指数4．at the threshold of：当……快要开始时5. in perception：感知6. at the disposal of：受到……的控制练习：1．What does the new study mentioned in Paragraph l find?A Hungry people see every word more clearly than ordinary people．B Hungry people are always thinking of food—related words．C Hungry people are more sensitive to food—related words than stomach—full people．D Hungry people do not have lower—level of thinking process．2．Why was there a delay on the day of the experiment?A Because hungry people needed time to fill their stomach.B Because Radel wanted to create two groups of testers, hungry and non—hungry．C Because noon was not the right time for any experiment..D Because Radel needed time to select participants in terms of body mass index.3. What does the writer want to tell us?A. Human’S senses aren’t just delivering a strict view of what’S going on in the world.B. What’s perceived by our senses affects our way of thinking．C. Human brains can really be at the disposal of our motives and needs.D. Thinking processes guarantee the normal functions of our senses．4．What did the results of the experiment indicate?A. 80 words flashed on the screen too fast for the participant to intentionally perceive.B. Hungry people were better at identifying neural words.C. People who had just eaten were better at identifying food．related words.D. The participants could barely perceive what they needed or what they strived for．5. What can we infer from the passage?A. 42 participants are too small a number for a serious investigation.B. An experiment with hungry and non—hungry participants is not reliable.C. Our thinking processes are independent of our senses.D. Humans call perceive what they need without involving high—level thinking processes答案与题解：1. C第一段第二句是本题答案的依据. 饥肠辘辘的人只是看food—related words比较清楚, 选项C的句意与上述句子的意思完全一致, 是答案. 选项A说的是every word, 所以不是答案. 选项B和D文章中没有提到.2. B答案的根据可在第三段找到. Radel为了保证42名学生到达实验室时是空腹, 所以要求他们中午到达. 然后告诉一部分学生实验时间推迟了, 请他们10分钟后再来. 他又请另外一部分学生用午餐. Radel用推迟实验的方法造就了两组实验者, 即饥饿组与饱食组. 选项B是答案.3. C虽然A、B、D选项均可在文中找到对应部分, 而只属于细节, 而非主旨, 因此不能选. 本文最后一句给出了直接的答案.4. A第四段第三行中consciously与A项中的intentionally是同义词. B项neural意思为“中性的”, 在本文中的意恩是与food—related相对的, 即“与食物不相关的”, 因此是错误选择；C项不符合课文原意；D项barely意为“仅仅, 勉强, 几乎没有”, 因此也不符合句意.5. D选项A所说的实验样本的大小与本题生旨无关, 不是答案, 而是干扰项；B、C内容也不能直接从短文中推断出来. 选项D是答案. 最后一段第二旬的“Humans Can really perceive what they need or what they strive for”为选择D项提供了依据.参考译文第十一篇我们的视觉服务于我们的胃口我们的五官不仅仅让我们感知世界；还受大脑活动的影响。

2013职称英语理工类阅读理解原文答案译文之01

Ford Abandons Electric VehiclesThe Ford motor company’s abandonment of electric cars effectively signals the end of the road for the technology，analysts say．General Motors。

and Honda’ceased production of battery．powered cars in 1 999, to focus on fuel cell and hybrid electric gasoline engines, which are more attractive to the consumer．Ford has now announced it will do the same．Three years ago．the company introduced the Think City two—seater car and a golf cart called the THINK, or Think Neighbor．It hoped to sell 5，000 cars each year and 10，000 carts．But a lack of demand means only about l，000 of the cars have been produced，and less than 1。

700 carts have been sold so far in 2002．“The bottom line is we don’t believe that this is the future of environment tr ansport for the mass market．”Tim Holmes of Ford Europe said on Friday．“We feel we have given electric our best shot”The Think City has a range of only about 53 miles and up to a six-hour battery recharge time．General Motors’EVI electric vehicle also had a limited range。

2013年职称英语等级考试用书(理工类A.B.C)阅读理解-第三篇

第三篇 Citizen Scientists (C级) 第三篇公民科学家Understanding how nature responds to climate change will require monitoring key life cycle event—flowering, the appearance of leaves, the first frog calls of the spring —all around the world. But ecologist s can’t b e everywhere so they’re turning to non-scientists, sometimes called citizen scientists, for help.理解大自然对气候变化有怎样的反应需要监视世界各个角落的关键生命周期事件——花开、叶子的出现、第一只青蛙叫出春天的到来。

但是生态学家不可能去到世界的各个角落，所以他们向非科学家求助，这些非科学家有时也被称作公民科学家。

frog n. 蛙ecologist n. 生态学家1.life cycle:生命周期，即生物发展过程的系列变化。

respond [英] [rispɔnd][美] [rɪspɑnd]vt.& vi.回答，响应vi.作出反应，响应；回报或回复turning [英] [tɜ:nɪŋ][美] [tə:nɪŋ]n.旋转；转向；转弯处；车工工艺v.转动；扭转；（使）变成；“turn”的现在分词复数：turningsClimate scientists are not present everywhere. Because there are so many places in the world and not enough scientists to observe all of them, they’re asking for your help in observing signs of climate change across the world. The citizen scientist movement encourages ordinary people to observe a very specific research interest —birds, trees, flowers bud ding, etc. —and send their observations to a giant database to be observed by professional scientists. This helps a small number of scientists track a large amount of data that they would never be able to gather on their own. Much like citizen journalists helping large publications cover ahyper-local beat, citizen scientists are ready for the conditions where they live. All that’s needed to become one is a few minutes each day or each week to gather data and send it in.气象科学家不可能足迹遍及天下。

职称英语等级考试用书

experiment,Iknowthatourbraincanreallybeatthedisposalofourmotivesandneeds,
”
Radelsays.
词汇：
thresholdn.
起点，开端；门槛
disposaln.
处理
,
处置
;
配置
neutraladj.
中性的；中立的
motiven.
COurthinkingprocessesareindependentofoursenses.
DHumanscanperceivewhattheyneedwithoutinvolvinghigh-levelthinkingprocesses.
答案与题解：
1.C
第一段第二句是本题答案的依据。
饥肠辘辘的人只是看
Becausethewordappearedtooquicklyforthemtobereliablyseen,thismeansthatthedifferenceisin
perception,notinthinkingprocesses,Radelsays.
“
Thisissomethinggreattome.Humanscanreallyperceivewhattheyneedorwhattheystrivefor.Fromthe
80
个字以
1/300
秒的频率闪动。由于字体非常之小，
被试者只能凭感觉捕捉到字形。
1/4
的字是与食物有关的。每闪动一个字，被试者回答字体的亮度并选择
看到的是哪类词：一类是和食物有关的词，比如
“
蛋糕
”
；一类是中性词，比如
“
船

2013年度全国职称英语等级考试理工类(C级)试题及参考答案

don’t, such as rolling. Choset’s snake robots could crawl(爬行)through the grass, swim in a pond and even climb a flagpole.But Choset wondered if his snakes might be useful for medicine as well. For some heart surgeries, the doctor has to open a patient’s chest, cutting through the breastbone. Recovering from these surgeries can be very painful. What if the doctor could perform the operation by instead making a small hole in the body and sending in a thin robotic snake?Choset teamed up with Marco Zenati, a heart surgeon now at Harvard Medical School, to investigate the idea. Zenati practiced using the robot on a plastic model of the chest and they tested the robot in pigs.A company called Medrobotics in Boston is now adapting the technology to surgeries on people. Even after 15 years of working with his team's creations, “I still don’t get bored of watching the motion of my robots,” Choset says.16. Choset began to build robots in high school.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned17. Snake robots could move in only four directions.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned18. Choset didn’t begin developing his own snake robots until he started working Carnegie Mellon.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned19. Choset’s snake robots could make more movements than the ones others developed.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned20. The application of a thin robotic snake makes heart surgeries less time-consuming.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned21. Zenati tested the robot on people after using it in pigs.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned22. The robotic technology for surgeries on people has brought a handsome Medrobotics.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned第3部分：概括大意与完成句子（第23～30题，每题1分，共8分）下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第1～4段每段1选择个最佳标题；（2）第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。