高考英语一轮复习 单项填空-动词时态语态
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核心考点突破
考点1动词时态考查要点
1.一般现在时
(1)表示客观事实或普通真理(不受时态限制)
(2)表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词;表示经常或习惯性的动作,多用动作动词,且常与表频率的时间状语连用。
(3)表示知觉、态度、感情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词常用一般现在时:see,hear,smell,taste,feel,notice,agree,believe,like,hate,want,think,belong seem等。
(4)在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。但要注意由if 引导的条件状语从句中可以用shall或will表“意愿”,但不表示时态。如:
If you will accept my invitation and come to our party,my family will be pleased.
(5)少数用于表示起止的动词如come,go,leave,arrive,fly,return,start,begin,pen,close,end,stop等常用一般现在时代替将来时,表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。当be表示根据时间或事先安排,肯定会出现的状态,只用一般现在时。如:
The shop closes at 11:00 p.m.every day.
Tomorrow is Wednesday.
2.一般过去时
(1)一般过去时的基本用法:表示过去的事情、动作或状态常与表示过去具体的时间状语连用(或有上下文语境暗示);用于表达过去的习惯;表示说话人原来没有料到、想到或希望的事通常用过去式。如:
I met her in the street yesterday.
I once saw the famous star here.
They never drank wine.
I thought the film would be interesting,but it isn’t.
(2)如果从句中有一个过去的时间状语,尽管从句中的动作先于主句发生,但从句中的谓语动词连用过去式。如:
He told me he read an interesting novel last night.
(3)表示两个紧接着发生的动作,常由以下词语连接,用一般过去时。如but,and,when,as soon as,immediately,the moment,the minute。如:
The moment she came in,she told me what had happened to her.
He bought a watch but lost it.
(4)常用一般过去时的句型:Why didn’t you/I think of that?I didn’t notice it.I forgot to tell you I had been there with my brother before.I didn’t recognize him.
3.一般将来时
(1)表示未来的动作或状态常用will/shall+动词;常与表示将来的时间状语连用,如tomorrow,next week等。
(2)表示一种趋向或习惯动作。We’ll die without air or water.
(3)表示趋向行为的动词如come,go,start,begin,leave等词常用进行时的形式表示将来时。
(4)be going to与will/shall,be to do,be about to do用法及区别:
be going to 表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事,这种打算往往经过事先考虑,甚至已做了某种准备;shall/will do表示未事先考虑过,即说话时临时作出的决定。
be going to 表将来,不能用在条件状语从句的主句中;而will则能,表意愿。
be to do sth.表按计划、安排即将发生的动作,还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止,可能性等。如:
A meeting is to be held at 3:00 o’clock this afternoon.
be about to do sth.表示“即刻,就要”,后面不能接时间状语或状语从句。如:
Autumn harvest is about to start.
4.现在进行时
(1)表示说话时正在发生着的一个动作;表示现阶段但不一定是发生在讲话时;表近期特定的安排或计划;go,come等起止动作可用进行时代替将来时。如:
It is raining now.
He is teaching English and learning Chinese.
I am meeting Mr.Wang tonight.
We are leaving on Friday.
The girl is always talking loud in public.(与always,often等频度副词连用,表经常反复的行动或某种感情色彩)
(2)下面四类动词不宜用现在进行时。
①表示心理状态、情感的动作:like,love,hate,care,remember,believe,want,mind,wish,agree,m
-ean,need。
②表存在状态的动词:appear,exist,lie,remain,seem belong to,depend on。
③表示一时性动作的动词:allow,accept,permit,promise,admit,complete。
④表示感官的动词:see,hear,notice,feel,smell,sound,taste,look。
5.过去完成时
(1)常用过去完成时的几种情况:
①在by,by the end,by the time,until,before,since后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句以前发生的动作。如:
By the end of last year,we had produced 20 000 cars.
The train had left before we reached the station.
②表示曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言等。常用had hoped/planned/meant/intended/though/wanted/expected等或用上述动词过去式接不定式完成式表示即:hoped/planned...+to have done。
③“时间名词+before”在句子中作状语,谓语动词用过去完成时;“时间名词+ago”在句中作状语,谓语动词用一般过去式。如:
He said his first teacher had died at least 10 years before.
Xiao Hua left school 3 years ago.
④表示“一……就”的几个句型:Hardly/No sooner/Scarcely had+主语+过去分词+when/than/before+一般过去时。如:
We had no sooner been seated than the bus started.=No sooner had we been seated than the bus started.
(2)在before或after引导的时间状语从句中用一般过去时态代替过去完成时。如:
After he(had)left the room,the boss came in.
We arrived home before it snowed.
6.过去将来时
参照一般将来时。
7.过去进行时