高考英语一轮复习 单项填空-动词时态语态

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核心考点突破

考点1动词时态考查要点

1.一般现在时

(1)表示客观事实或普通真理(不受时态限制)

(2)表示现状、性质、状态时多用系动词或状态动词;表示经常或习惯性的动作,多用动作动词,且常与表频率的时间状语连用。

(3)表示知觉、态度、感情、某种抽象的关系或概念的词常用一般现在时:see,hear,smell,taste,feel,notice,agree,believe,like,hate,want,think,belong seem等。

(4)在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替将来时。但要注意由if 引导的条件状语从句中可以用shall或will表“意愿”,但不表示时态。如:

If you will accept my invitation and come to our party,my family will be pleased.

(5)少数用于表示起止的动词如come,go,leave,arrive,fly,return,start,begin,pen,close,end,stop等常用一般现在时代替将来时,表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作。当be表示根据时间或事先安排,肯定会出现的状态,只用一般现在时。如:

The shop closes at 11:00 p.m.every day.

Tomorrow is Wednesday.

2.一般过去时

(1)一般过去时的基本用法:表示过去的事情、动作或状态常与表示过去具体的时间状语连用(或有上下文语境暗示);用于表达过去的习惯;表示说话人原来没有料到、想到或希望的事通常用过去式。如:

I met her in the street yesterday.

I once saw the famous star here.

They never drank wine.

I thought the film would be interesting,but it isn’t.

(2)如果从句中有一个过去的时间状语,尽管从句中的动作先于主句发生,但从句中的谓语动词连用过去式。如:

He told me he read an interesting novel last night.

(3)表示两个紧接着发生的动作,常由以下词语连接,用一般过去时。如but,and,when,as soon as,immediately,the moment,the minute。如:

The moment she came in,she told me what had happened to her.

He bought a watch but lost it.

(4)常用一般过去时的句型:Why didn’t you/I think of that?I didn’t notice it.I forgot to tell you I had been there with my brother before.I didn’t recognize him.

3.一般将来时

(1)表示未来的动作或状态常用will/shall+动词;常与表示将来的时间状语连用,如tomorrow,next week等。

(2)表示一种趋向或习惯动作。We’ll die without air or water.

(3)表示趋向行为的动词如come,go,start,begin,leave等词常用进行时的形式表示将来时。

(4)be going to与will/shall,be to do,be about to do用法及区别:

be going to 表示现在打算在最近或将来要做某事,这种打算往往经过事先考虑,甚至已做了某种准备;shall/will do表示未事先考虑过,即说话时临时作出的决定。

be going to 表将来,不能用在条件状语从句的主句中;而will则能,表意愿。

be to do sth.表按计划、安排即将发生的动作,还可表示吩咐、命令、禁止,可能性等。如:

A meeting is to be held at 3:00 o’clock this afternoon.

be about to do sth.表示“即刻,就要”,后面不能接时间状语或状语从句。如:

Autumn harvest is about to start.

4.现在进行时

(1)表示说话时正在发生着的一个动作;表示现阶段但不一定是发生在讲话时;表近期特定的安排或计划;go,come等起止动作可用进行时代替将来时。如:

It is raining now.

He is teaching English and learning Chinese.

I am meeting Mr.Wang tonight.

We are leaving on Friday.

The girl is always talking loud in public.(与always,often等频度副词连用,表经常反复的行动或某种感情色彩)

(2)下面四类动词不宜用现在进行时。

①表示心理状态、情感的动作:like,love,hate,care,remember,believe,want,mind,wish,agree,m

-ean,need。

②表存在状态的动词:appear,exist,lie,remain,seem belong to,depend on。

③表示一时性动作的动词:allow,accept,permit,promise,admit,complete。

④表示感官的动词:see,hear,notice,feel,smell,sound,taste,look。

5.过去完成时

(1)常用过去完成时的几种情况:

①在by,by the end,by the time,until,before,since后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句以前发生的动作。如:

By the end of last year,we had produced 20 000 cars.

The train had left before we reached the station.

②表示曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言等。常用had hoped/planned/meant/intended/though/wanted/expected等或用上述动词过去式接不定式完成式表示即:hoped/planned...+to have done。

③“时间名词+before”在句子中作状语,谓语动词用过去完成时;“时间名词+ago”在句中作状语,谓语动词用一般过去式。如:

He said his first teacher had died at least 10 years before.

Xiao Hua left school 3 years ago.

④表示“一……就”的几个句型:Hardly/No sooner/Scarcely had+主语+过去分词+when/than/before+一般过去时。如:

We had no sooner been seated than the bus started.=No sooner had we been seated than the bus started.

(2)在before或after引导的时间状语从句中用一般过去时态代替过去完成时。如:

After he(had)left the room,the boss came in.

We arrived home before it snowed.

6.过去将来时

参照一般将来时。

7.过去进行时

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