2011年阅读百题精练

2011年百题精练（1）III．阅读（共两节，满分40分）第—节阅渎理解（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

AJudging from recent surveys, most experts in sleep behaviour agree that there is virtually an epidemic (流行病) of sleepiness in the nation．“I can’t think of a single study that hasn’t found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to,” says Dr．David．Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably be better off with more rest．The beginning of our sleep-deficit (lack) crises can be traced back to the invention of the light bulb a century ago．From diary entries and our personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries, sleep scientists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9．5 hours a night．“The best sleep habits once were forced on us, when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm, and it was dark．” By the 1950s and 1960s, the sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically, to between 7．5 and 8 hours, and most people had to wake to an alarm clock．“People cheat in their sleep, and they don’t even realize they’re doing it,” says Dr．David．“They think they’re okey because they can get by on 6．5 hours, when they really need 7．5, 8 or even more to feel ideally energetic．”Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep, researches say, is the complexity of the day．Whenever pressures from work, family, friends and community increase, many people consider sleep the least expensive item on their programme．“In our society, you’re considered dynamic if you say you need only 5．5 hours’ sleep．If you’ve got to get 8．5 hours, people think you lack drive and ambition．”To determine the consequences of sleep-deficit, researchers have put subjects through a set of psychological and performance tests requiring them, for instance, to add columns of numbers or recall a passage read to them only minutes earlier．“We’ve found that if you’re in sleep deficit, performance suffers,” says Dr．David．“Short-term memory is weakened, as are abilities to make decisions and to concentrate．”41．What is the main topic of the passage?A．Research on the causes and consequences of sleep-deficit．B．The epidemic of sleepiness in the modern times．C．The history of people’s sleeping patterns．D．The minimum of our sleeping hours．42．Which of the following is Dr．David’s opinion?A．People who think they are sleeping enough are better off than those who don't．B．Some people can remain energetic with only 6．5 hours’ sleep a night．C．If they get 8．5 hours’ sleep, people will be full of drive and ambitio n．D．People’s metal power suffers if they are lackng in sleep．43．People in the 18th and 19th centuries slept about 9．5 hours a night because _______．A．they were forced by their parents to do soB．they knew what was best for their healtC．they had no electricityD．they were not so dynamic and ambitious as modern people are44．The major cause of sleep-deficit of modern people is _______．A．the endless TV programmes in the evenings and the internetB．the heavy work load of the dayC．the sufficient energy modern people usually haveD．loud noises in the modern cities45．What does the word “subjects” in paragraph 4 mean?A．Peoson or thing that is being discussed or described．B．Branch of knowledge studied in a school．C．Person or thing being treated in a certain way or being experimented on．D．Any member of a State apart from the the supreme ruler．BFor most people, shopping is still a matter of wandering down the street or loading a cart in a shopping mall．Soon, that will change．Electronic commerce(trade) is growing fast and will soon bring people more choices．There will, however, be a cost: protecting the consumer from being cheated will be harder．Many governments therefore want to apply street regulations to the electronic world．But politicians would be wiser to see cyberspace as a basis for a new era of corporate self-regulation．Consumers in rich countries have grown used to the idea that the government takes responsibility for everything for the stability of the banks to the safety of the drugs or their rights to refund when goods are faulty．But governments cannot enforce national laws on businesses whose only presence is on the screen．Even in a country where a clear right to compensation exists, the on-line customer in Tokyo, say, can hardly go to New York to get a refund for a clothes purchase．One answer is for government to cooperate more: to recognize each other’s rules．But that requires years of work and volumes of detailed rules．And plenty of countries have rules too fanciful for sober countries to accept．There is, however, another choice．Let the electronic businesses do the regulation themselves．They do, after all, have a self-interest in doing so．In electronic commerce, a reputation for honest dealing will be a valuable competitive asset．Governments, too, may compete to be trusted．For instance, customers ordering medicines on-line may prefer to buy from the United States because they trust the rigorous screening of the Food and Drug Administration; or they may decide that the FDA’s rules are too strict, and buy from Switzerland instead．Customers will still need to use their judgement．But precisely because the technology is new, electronic shoppers are likely for a while to be a lot more cautious than customers of the normal sort．And the new technology will also make it easier for them to complain when a company lets them down．In this way, at least, the advent of cyberspace may argue for fewer consumer protection laws, not more．46．According to the author, what will be the best policy for electronic commerce?A．Self-regulation by the business．B．Strict consumer protection laws．C．Close international cooperation．D．Government protection．47．In case an electronic shoper bought faulty goods from a foreign country, what could he do?A．Refuse to pay for the purchase．B．Go to the seller and ask for a refund．C．Appeal to consumer protection law D．Complain about it on the Internet．48．In the author’s view, businesses would place a high emphasis on honest dealing because in theelectronic world ________．A．international cooperation would be much more frequentB．consumers could easliy seek government protectionC．a good reputation is a great advantage in competitionD．it would be easy for consumers to complain49．We can infer from the passage that in licensing new drugs the FDA in the United States is ________．A．very quick B．very cautious C．very slow D．rather careless50．If a customer buys something that does not meet his expectation, what is the advantage of dealing through electronic commerce over the present normal one?A．It will be easier for him to return the goods he is not satisfied with．B．It will be easier for him to attain the refund from the seller．C．It will be easier for him to get his complaints heard by other consumers．D．It will be easier for him to complain about this to the government．CIt’s hardly surprising that weather is a favorite topic for so many people around the world---it affects where we choose to live, what we wear, our moods, and perhaps even our national characteristics．Studies have shown that changeable weather can make it difficult to concentrate, cloudy skies slow down reaction, and high humidity with hot, dry winds makes many people bad-tempered．If you live in a place like Britain, where the weather seems to change daily if not hourly, you could be forgiven for thinking that the weather is random．In fact, the weather is controlled by systems which move around areas of the globe．In the UK the weather depends on depressions, often called lows, and anticyclones, also known as highs．These systems start in the Atlantic Ocean, and make their way across the British Isles from the west to the east．Highs bring sunny weather, while lows bring rain and wind．In modern times, human activities seem to be altering weather patterns．Gases produced by heavy industry change the temperature of the Earth’s surface, and affect cloud formation．Some researchers say that factories in Europe and North America may have been one of the causes of the droughts in Africa in the 1980s．The human race has always tried to guess the weather, especially in areas of the world where there are frequent changes．Traditional rhymes point to early attempts to identify weather patterns, popular poems include:Red sky at night, shepherds’ delight; red sky in the morning, shepherds’ warning．Flies will swarm before a storm．Rain before 7, clear by 11．While folk wisdom can still provide a guide to help forecast weather, today’s methods of prediction increasingly rely on technology．Satellites, balloons, ships, aircrafts and weather centers with sensitive monitoring equipment, send data to computers．The data is then processed, and the weather is predicted．However, even this system cannot predict weather for longer than about a week．51．When weather keeps changing, ______________________．A．people become bad-tempered B．people’s reaction slows downC．people find it hard to focus on their work D．people become hungrier52．What is mainly talked about in the second paragraph?A．Changes in weather．B．Weather in Britain．C．African droughts．D．Research on weather．53．The weather in Britain is ____________________________．A．random B．moist C．depressing D．satisfying 54．According to a traditional rhyme, if there is a red sky at night, the next day will be _______．A．windy B．rainy C．fine D．snowy55．Which of the following statements is true?A．Anticyclones often bring rain and wind．B．Weather forecasting has been done for a long time．C．Weather could never be predicted．D．Modern methods of weather prediction are developed from folk wisdom．第二节信息匹配（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下列应用文及相关信息，并按照要求匹配信息。