Chapter 8 Hyperspectral Remote Sensing
合集下载
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
2015-3-11 LUDONG UNIVERSITY 12
MULTISPECTRAL VS. HYPERSPECTRAL REMOTE SENSING
2015-3-11
LUDONG UNIVERSITY
13
IMAGING SPECTROMETERS
2015-3-11
LUDONG UNIVERSITY
2015-3-11
LUDONG UNIVERSITY
7
Comparison of 4 vegetation spectra derived from a Spectroradiometer and Landsat 5 TM Reflectance 2015-3-11 LUDONG UNIVERSITY 8
2015-3-11 LUDONG UNIVERSITY 21
HYPERION
• On-board NASA EO-1 satellite (demonstrating new • sensor technologies) • Pushbroom sensor at 705 km altitude (7.6 km swath width) • Sun synchronous orbit • Near-polar orbit (98o inclination) • Flying in formation w/Landsat 7 (1 min) • Spectral range 0.43 - 2.4 mm, 10 nm bandwidths • 220 spectral bands (uses diffraction grating to disperse light into separate wavelengths and project onto CCD array and HgCdTe detectors) • 30m spatial resolution • 12-bit quantization
LUDONG UNIVERSITY 18
ADVANCED VISIBLE/INFRARED IMAGING SPECTROMETER
Sooke Lake in the Greater Victoria Watershed District, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. http://www.pfc.forestry.ca/aft/SampleImages/sample_images_e.html
2015-3-11
LUDONG UNIVERSITY
15
CASI
2015-3-11
LUDONG UNIVERSITY
16
CASI
2015-3-11
LUDONG UNIVERSITY
17
ADVANCED VISIBLE/INFRARED IMAGING SPECTROMETER
Chapter Eight: Hyperspectral RS
ZhangLi
LuDong University
2015-3-11
LUDONG UNIVERSITY
1
SPECTROMETER
Thus far, the sensors detecting the EMR have been scanners operating in specific, or pre-defined, discrete regions of the EMS which are commonly not contiguous in the Spectral Domain, A spectrometer or spectroradiometer collects spectrally contiguous data, but only based on a single pixel Can be either a field based instrument or airborne / space-borne device
2015-3-11
• • • • • • • •
Airborne NASA instrument from 400 to 2500 nm (spectral range) bands 9.6 nm wide (spectral resolution) 224 contiguous digital images Flown at 20km altitude 10-km swath width 20-m spatial resolution 16-bit data (radiometric resolution)
– Flown on the NASA ER2 (non-military U2), so is extremely expensive to operate. – The image that is developed can be utilized only by a very few image processing software packages.
Absorption centered at 0.42 μm is due to Carotenoids and Xanthophylls pigments Absorption centered at 0.65 μm (visible red) is due to chlorophyll pigments Reflectance at 0.7 and 1.0 μm in the leaf mesophyll cells, within which light may bounce about before emerging as reflection. This reflectance is greater for inorganic materials thus cellular breakdown can be monitored using this part of the spectrum.
2015-3-11 LUDONG UNIVERSITY 5
Due to the requirements of this type of sensor, with respect to the processing demands, there are only a very few imaging spectrometer currently available to the nonmilitary user community. Airborne Visible InfraRed Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) which was developed by NASA.
2015-3-11 LUDONG UNIVERSITY 19
2015-3-11
LUDONG UNIVERSITY
20
Hyperspectral Analysis of AVIRIS Data Obtained on September 3, 1993 of San Luis Valley, Colorado Jensen, 2000
14
CASI
• Pushbroom Imaging Spectrograph • Image is created with forward movement of the platform (one scan line at a time) • 512 spatial pixels • Analogous to having an array of spectrographs simultaneously imaging adjacent points across the line in the scene. • 400nm -1000nm, 2.2nm spectral resolution • Ground Resolution 0.6 – 10m
2015-3-11 LUDONG UNIVERSITY 2
Gathers information about specific features of items such as – spectra of leaves, grass, trees, etc. In the case of air and space instruments data is produced from a single line down the line of flight. Captures data through the use of a large number (equal to the number of channels being recorded) of charge coupled devices (or CCD). Each CCD records energy information specific to a predetermined wavelength.
2015-3-11
LUDONG UNIVERSITY
10
Reflectance Response of a Single Magnolia Leaf(Magnolia grandiflora ) to Decreased Relative Water Content 2015-3-11 LUDONG UNIVERSITY 11
2015-3-11
LUDONG UNIVERSITY
Hale Waihona Puke Baidu
9
BENEFIT OF HYPERSPECTRAL ANALYSIS
Surface components with very distinct spectral differences can be resolved using broad wavelength ranges,
LUDONG UNIVERSITY 22
2015-3-11
HYPERION
2015-3-11
LUDONG UNIVERSITY
23
HYPERION
2015-3-11
LUDONG UNIVERSITY
24
HYPERSPECTRAL PROCESSING
LUDONG UNIVERSITY
2015-3-11
6
A second research is Hyperion launched in the EO-1 satellite. An airborne example is the Canadian Compact Airborne Spectrograhic Imager (CASI) which is also considered to be an imaging spectrometer.
2015-3-11 LUDONG UNIVERSITY 3
2015-3-11
LUDONG UNIVERSITY
4
IMAGING SPECTROMETER
The combination of the spectrometer and electromechanical scanner is the imaging spectrometer. This sensor type combines the attributes of the spectrometer and the pushbroom scanner to generate a true image cube. The sensor is designed as a two dimensional matrix of CCD’s The X,Y location within the matrix will allow you to determine, not only the location within the spectral domain, but also the location along the scan line.
MULTISPECTRAL VS. HYPERSPECTRAL REMOTE SENSING
2015-3-11
LUDONG UNIVERSITY
13
IMAGING SPECTROMETERS
2015-3-11
LUDONG UNIVERSITY
2015-3-11
LUDONG UNIVERSITY
7
Comparison of 4 vegetation spectra derived from a Spectroradiometer and Landsat 5 TM Reflectance 2015-3-11 LUDONG UNIVERSITY 8
2015-3-11 LUDONG UNIVERSITY 21
HYPERION
• On-board NASA EO-1 satellite (demonstrating new • sensor technologies) • Pushbroom sensor at 705 km altitude (7.6 km swath width) • Sun synchronous orbit • Near-polar orbit (98o inclination) • Flying in formation w/Landsat 7 (1 min) • Spectral range 0.43 - 2.4 mm, 10 nm bandwidths • 220 spectral bands (uses diffraction grating to disperse light into separate wavelengths and project onto CCD array and HgCdTe detectors) • 30m spatial resolution • 12-bit quantization
LUDONG UNIVERSITY 18
ADVANCED VISIBLE/INFRARED IMAGING SPECTROMETER
Sooke Lake in the Greater Victoria Watershed District, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. http://www.pfc.forestry.ca/aft/SampleImages/sample_images_e.html
2015-3-11
LUDONG UNIVERSITY
15
CASI
2015-3-11
LUDONG UNIVERSITY
16
CASI
2015-3-11
LUDONG UNIVERSITY
17
ADVANCED VISIBLE/INFRARED IMAGING SPECTROMETER
Chapter Eight: Hyperspectral RS
ZhangLi
LuDong University
2015-3-11
LUDONG UNIVERSITY
1
SPECTROMETER
Thus far, the sensors detecting the EMR have been scanners operating in specific, or pre-defined, discrete regions of the EMS which are commonly not contiguous in the Spectral Domain, A spectrometer or spectroradiometer collects spectrally contiguous data, but only based on a single pixel Can be either a field based instrument or airborne / space-borne device
2015-3-11
• • • • • • • •
Airborne NASA instrument from 400 to 2500 nm (spectral range) bands 9.6 nm wide (spectral resolution) 224 contiguous digital images Flown at 20km altitude 10-km swath width 20-m spatial resolution 16-bit data (radiometric resolution)
– Flown on the NASA ER2 (non-military U2), so is extremely expensive to operate. – The image that is developed can be utilized only by a very few image processing software packages.
Absorption centered at 0.42 μm is due to Carotenoids and Xanthophylls pigments Absorption centered at 0.65 μm (visible red) is due to chlorophyll pigments Reflectance at 0.7 and 1.0 μm in the leaf mesophyll cells, within which light may bounce about before emerging as reflection. This reflectance is greater for inorganic materials thus cellular breakdown can be monitored using this part of the spectrum.
2015-3-11 LUDONG UNIVERSITY 5
Due to the requirements of this type of sensor, with respect to the processing demands, there are only a very few imaging spectrometer currently available to the nonmilitary user community. Airborne Visible InfraRed Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) which was developed by NASA.
2015-3-11 LUDONG UNIVERSITY 19
2015-3-11
LUDONG UNIVERSITY
20
Hyperspectral Analysis of AVIRIS Data Obtained on September 3, 1993 of San Luis Valley, Colorado Jensen, 2000
14
CASI
• Pushbroom Imaging Spectrograph • Image is created with forward movement of the platform (one scan line at a time) • 512 spatial pixels • Analogous to having an array of spectrographs simultaneously imaging adjacent points across the line in the scene. • 400nm -1000nm, 2.2nm spectral resolution • Ground Resolution 0.6 – 10m
2015-3-11 LUDONG UNIVERSITY 2
Gathers information about specific features of items such as – spectra of leaves, grass, trees, etc. In the case of air and space instruments data is produced from a single line down the line of flight. Captures data through the use of a large number (equal to the number of channels being recorded) of charge coupled devices (or CCD). Each CCD records energy information specific to a predetermined wavelength.
2015-3-11
LUDONG UNIVERSITY
10
Reflectance Response of a Single Magnolia Leaf(Magnolia grandiflora ) to Decreased Relative Water Content 2015-3-11 LUDONG UNIVERSITY 11
2015-3-11
LUDONG UNIVERSITY
Hale Waihona Puke Baidu
9
BENEFIT OF HYPERSPECTRAL ANALYSIS
Surface components with very distinct spectral differences can be resolved using broad wavelength ranges,
LUDONG UNIVERSITY 22
2015-3-11
HYPERION
2015-3-11
LUDONG UNIVERSITY
23
HYPERION
2015-3-11
LUDONG UNIVERSITY
24
HYPERSPECTRAL PROCESSING
LUDONG UNIVERSITY
2015-3-11
6
A second research is Hyperion launched in the EO-1 satellite. An airborne example is the Canadian Compact Airborne Spectrograhic Imager (CASI) which is also considered to be an imaging spectrometer.
2015-3-11 LUDONG UNIVERSITY 3
2015-3-11
LUDONG UNIVERSITY
4
IMAGING SPECTROMETER
The combination of the spectrometer and electromechanical scanner is the imaging spectrometer. This sensor type combines the attributes of the spectrometer and the pushbroom scanner to generate a true image cube. The sensor is designed as a two dimensional matrix of CCD’s The X,Y location within the matrix will allow you to determine, not only the location within the spectral domain, but also the location along the scan line.