企业伦理

There is an interesting question—which came first, the chicken or the egg? This question confused so many people for so many years, in some way, this is a very boring question which you can not help to find the answer. There is another question—what is the social responsibility of business? That two questions are quiet different in many ways, but there is till a gap where they live together.Milton Friedman said the social responsibility of business is to increase its profits. Before we discuss this statement, we need ask precisely what the social responsibility implies for whom. The company is the carrier of business, so maybe it is the one who take the responsibility. A corporation is an organization that is for-profit. Shareholder maximization is the meaning that why companies exist in this world. Retrospect the history, almost all the major innovation was created in the company, rather than at the national level. Companies provide the most powerful motivation for the developing of the modern society, and they are one of the major players in the creation of wealth. In 2009, the company solved employment problem for 81% of the world's population, constitute 90% of the world's economic power, produced 94% of global GDP, the world's 100 largest economies, 51 is a company, is 49 countries, there are 161 countries in the world of finance income than Wal-Mart, the total sales of the ten world's largest companies are more than the sum of the gross domestic product of the smallest one hundred countries of the world(公司的力量，2010). Herman. Simon, a German managerialist, said that a lot of innovations, such as automobile, computer market, as we encounter new challenges, climate change, green technology, nano technology, communication technology and so on, all of these challenges, were finally conquered by the company. Why it is so powerful? Because companies focus on the profits, for bigger profits they have to do competition, they have to create without a respite. The process of catching profits for companies is the process that improves the world. From these points, it is very obvious that corporations contribute much for developing society, or say corporations take a big responsibility of the society.In the 1970s, a new drug made by the United States’ company Upjohn ---- Panalba is very popular, but the Food and Drug Administration found that the side effects of this drug can cause death, Upjohn held a special board, the final decision was that continue selling and defend themselves in court. The reason that they made the decision is because the time that the drug removed from the market for each month of delay, the company will be able to earn $ 1 million. After the news was leaked, the United States was shocked. In the past few centuries, the company had ransacked the Americas, Africa, Asia, and it made millions of people into a commodity, be it forced migration has countless plant, animal, mineral, and even bacteria and viruses. To make the profit there are many other ways to do, one of them is reduce the cost. The effect of doing this are using the cheap and poison material, pollution and something make the quality of people’s life going down. From these facts, can we say the social responsibility of business is making profits?However, an important thing is that it is human that control the company. So the individuals who are to be responsible should be businessmen, which means individual proprietors or corporate executives. But managers are not the owner of the company; they operate the corporation as theagent of the shareholders, and their primary responsibility is to them, which is shareholder maximization. Human beings are animals that can never be satisfied. When a person is material into the machine, the company seems to be colder than the machine, it troubling that they only need a pair of hands, but it had to hire a person. From the date of birth of the company, all the accused would never disappeared. Greed which rooted in the depths of human nature, are not a crime of company, but infinitely magnified because of the company, however, the motivation of profit desires and self-interested is the foster liquid of disaster and crisis, and inexhaustible source of keeping eternal vitality of the company as well. The company's merits and demerits are from the same mother.Honorary chairman of the board of directors of kyocera group - kazuo inamori: I think having desire is the instinct of a man, people want to live a richer and more convenient life, the desire to become motivated. The new development of science and technology, new inventions and new discoveries are under the impetus of the desire to create the today's modern civilization and society. Scott. Armstrong, a professor of Wharton school of business of the University of Pennsylvania, specially designed a role-playing experiment, to study why the Upjohn’s scandal will happens. Professor Armstrong said that when he asked people who was not involved in the incident, and tell them what happened and ask them will they do, 97% of people said drugs will be withdrawn from the market.However, when the experimenter to play the role as the Upjohn company’s board members, the same question at the opposite answers. Many interesting things happened on the board, someone want to resign, some frustrated, and people loudly quarrel, but in the end no one will made drug off the market. Upjohn experiment repeated nearly hundred times in more than a dozen countries, the results are the same, each group of people play the board of directors believe that this reflects the duty of the company--- maximize shareholder pany will be destructive, this is possible, even is very natural, sometimes the company will run against what we are after some social value, because the company needs to return for the investors.。