四级考前冲刺试题二
级考前冲刺试题二修订稿
级考前冲刺试题二 WEIHUA system office room 【WEIHUA 16H-WEIHUA WEIHUA8Q8-四级考前冲刺试题二Care of Parents Also Means Taking Care of FinancesDenise Egebrecht needed a break.It had been three years since her 86-year-old mother, Eleanor Schwartz, moved in with her and her husband in their home in Johnsburg, Ill. Mrs. Schwartz has Alzheimer’s disease(老年痴呆症) and has trouble moving around, so Mrs. Egebrecht helps her mother with her shower each day, makes sure she’s fed and takes her on small excursions(远足) to the mall in a portable wheelchair. The routine includes occasionally reminding her mother of what day it is and where she’s living.Mrs. Egebrecht does all this while also raising her 8-year-old daughter Jaqueline and juggling a full-time job.“My mom took care of me all of my life,” says Mrs. Egebrecht. “Of course I’m going to take care of her now. She’ll live here as long as she’s able.”But money was an issue. For a time, Mrs. Egebrecht was out of work, having lost her job last year. Although her husband was still employed, without her salary she found it increasingly difficult to pay $180 a week for the adult day care center Mrs. Schwartz attends regularly.Then, through the Family Alliance office in her town, Mrs. Egebrecht heard about a $1,000 “respite care (临时看护)” grant sponsored by the Alzheimer’s Foundation of America (AFA).Intended to give primary caregivers the break they so often need, the grant money must be used to pay for temporary substitute care, said Carol Steinberg, executive vice president of the Alzheimer’s Foundation. Mrs. Egebrecht applied for and received the grant, which meant her mother could continue to go to the adult day care center and Mrs. Egebrecht had time to find another job, which she has.Mrs. Egebrecht is one of the growing numbers of Americans facing the financial squeeze that can come from caring for elderly parents.About 30 percent of adult children in the United States contribute fi nancially to their parents’ care, according to the Pew Research Center. On average these children pay $2,400 a year on everything from uncovered medical expenses to making sure the refrigerator is stocked each week. The money often goes to parents who diligently saved all their lives, but in the face of longer life spans and chronic illness, the savings just isn’t enough.With all of the overwhelming emotional and medical aspects of caring for elderly parents, it’s natural to ignore the consequences of spending large amounts of money on them. But so often adult children end up ignoring their own savings and retirement accounts or, worse, go into debt, because they’re taking care of their parents, says Tim Casserly, a lawyer in Albany who specializes in issues of elderly care.And if you jeopardize (损害) your own finances now, you risk putting your children in the same tough spot down the line.One way out of this bind Take full advantage of the hundreds of government and nonprofit programs and services geared to the elderly throughout the country. “There’s lots of help out there, but also lots of reasons why families don’t use it,” said Mr. Casserly.Some people may think their parents have too much money to qualify even though many of the programs are available to elderly people with incomes of more than $100,000. Or the parents may be too proud to accept help.What’s more, these services can be difficult and time-consuming to find. And it can be a challenge to deal with the paperwork and red tape, especially when you’re already overwhelmed by the daily demands of taking care of an older parent.To help make the search for help easier, here is expert advice and several resources that will help you find what you need to take care of your aging parents.THE FIRST STEPHave the hard talk.“So often I see clients who are in the middle of this situation but know very little about their parents’ finances,” said Henni Fisher, a Brooklyn clinical social worker who specializes in geriatrics (老人病学). Your parents may be unwilling or unable to give details. Or you may be uncomfortable bringing up the subject.“It isn’t easy making the transition from the one being cared for to the one giving the care,” said Ms.Fisher.But you can’t put the conversation off any longer. Reassure your parents that you’re not trying to take control away from them. You’re simply trying to make sure that they have everything they need and that you understand everything they want.During this conversation, or series of conversations, be sure to ask about one of the largest expenses for older people: assisted living or nursing home facilities. Do your parents have long-term care insurance that can help with this exceptionally great expense If they don’t, should they get it (For more information, see our previous article “Getting Insurance for One’s Frailest Years.”)THE DOCUMENTSYou’ll also wan t to make sure your parents have the proper paperwork in place. In an emergency, you’ll need legal authority to act on your parents behalf. Make sure your parents have signed a durable power of attorney authorizing you or some other trustworthy person to take over financial decisions —including signing checks and paying bills — on their behalf.And keep in mind these other necessary documents: A durable power of attorney for health care (also called a health care proxy) authorizing someone to make medical decisions when your parents cannot; and a living will outlining your parent’s wishes if life support is needed.These forms mYork State you may need a lawyer’s help sorting out a new 12-page complex power of attorney form, advises Mr. Casserly.)HIRING AN OUTSIDERMany families find relief when they hire a geriatric care manager. These consultants, which can cost anywhere from $50 to $200 an hour, will assess your parents’ situation, offer counseling and help you find the local services you need.So vital are these new professionals that my colleague Lesley Alderman will be devoting next week’s Patient Money column to tips on finding the right care manager for your parents’ situation.1. In the recent three years, Denise Egebrecht has been busy .A) looking after her sick baby daughter B) helping her husband with the housework C) taking care of her sick elderly mother D) looking for a better job to support the family2. According to Carol Steinberg, executive vice president of AFA, Mrs. Egebrecht can use thegrant to .A) have a luxurious holiday B) get day care for her motherC) finance her job-seeking D) cure her mother’s disease3. We learn from the Pew Research Center that one third of American adult children .A) have parents with no savings and pensionsB) ignore the emotional needs of their parentsC) can’t afford the daily and medical expensesD) spend their own money on their parents’ care4. What often happens to adult children taking care of their parents according to Tim Casserly?A) They don’t prepare enough for their own future.B) They attach great importance to their own savings.C) They inevitably ignore their children’s needs.D) They become experts in issues of elderly care.5. What did Mr. Casserly imply about many American families?A) They have saved enough so as to take care of the elderly.B) They don’t turn to government and nonprofit programs and services.C) They don’t trust the programs supported by the local government.D) They know nothing about projects and services for the elderly.6. What problem do many adult children have according to Henni Fisher?A) They are incapable of taking over their parents’ finances.B) They exhaust themselves taking care of their parents.C) They find it hard to persuade their parents to accept help.D) They don’t know how much money their parents have.7. According to the passage, “Getting Insurance for One’s Frailest Years” contains informationon .A) communication with old parents B) expenditure of the elderlyC) long-term care insurance D) necessary home facilities8. A parent-signed durable power of attorney grants an adult child power to make_____________________________________as the parent’s agent.9. New York State’s adult children are suggested to turn to_____________________________________when having difficulty getting the paperwork. 10. Consultants specializing in elderly care issues give many families_____________________________________with their counseling and help.Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes) When you think about the growth of human population over the last century or so, it is all too easy to imagine it merely as an increase in the number of humans. But as we 47 , so do all the things associated with us, 48 our livestock (家畜). At present, there are about billion cattle and domestic buffalo and about billion sheep and goats. With pigs and poultry, they form a 49 part of our enormous biological footprint upon this planet.Just how enormous was not really apparent until the 50 of a new report, called “Livestock’s Long Shadow,” by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.Consider these numbers. Global livestock grazing (放牧) and feed production use “30 percent of the land surface of the planet.” Livestock — which consume more food than they 51 — also compete directly with humans for water. And the drive to expand grazing land destroys more biologically sensitive terrain, rain forests 52 , than anything else.But what is even more striking, and alarming, is that livestock are 53 for about 18 percent of the global warming effect, more than transportation’s 54 . The culprits (罪魁祸首) are methane —the natural result of bovine digestion —and the nitrogen emitted by manure. Deforestation of grazing land adds to the effect.There are no easy trade-offs when it comes to global warming —such as cutting back on cattle to make room for cars. The human 55 for meat is certainly not about to end anytime soon. As “Livestock’s Long Shadow” makes clear, our health and the health of the planet depend onSection B :Passage One:Questions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.Women are on the verge of outnumbering men in the workforce for the first time, a historic reversal caused by long-term changes in women’s roles and massive job losses for men during this recession.Women held % of the nation’s 132 million jobs in June and they’re gaining the vast majority of jobs in the few sectors of the economy that are growing, according to the most recent numbers available from the Bureau of Labor Statistics.That’s a record high for a measure that’s been growing steadily for decades and accelerating during the recession. At the current pace, women will become a majority of workers in October or November.“It was a long historical slog (沉重缓慢的前进) to get to this point,” says labor economist Heidi Hartmann, president of the Institute for Women’s Policy Research.The change reflects the growing importance of women as wage earners, but it doesn’t show full equality, Hartmann says. On average, women work fewer hours than men, hold more part-time jobs and earn 77% of what men make, she says. Men also still dominate higher-paying executive ranks.Women have been a growing share of the once heavily male labor force for nearly a century, recording big bumps during epochal (划时代的) events such as the Depression and World War II. This time, the boost came from a severe recession that has been brutal(无情的) on male-dominated professions such as construction and manufacturing.The only parts of the economy still growing — health care, education and government — have traditionally hired mostly women. That dominance has increased in part because federal stimulus funding directed money to education, health care and state and local governments.The gender transformation is especially remarkable in local government’s million-person workforce. Cities, schools, water authorities and other local legal power have cut 86,000 men from payrolls during the recession — while adding 167,000 women, according to the Bureau of LaborStatistics.“Unemployment among men isn’t going to last forever,” says University of Chicago economist Casey Mulligan. “People will move from construction and manufacturing to industries that are creating new jobs.” Mulligan expects the portion of jobs held by women to peak slightly above 50% this year, then drop below half when the economy recovers and more men find work.57. What does the author say about the workforce during this recession?A) Men make up the most profitable Women gain jobs while men lose jobs.C) Women take the most jobs in the Women outnumber men in few sectors.58. According to labor economist Heidi Hartmann, the current workforce change .A) will bring women equal pay as menB) couldn’t hide sexual inequality that still existsC) reflects women’s struggle to support the familyD) results from men’s domination of higher-paying jobs59. What happened to the women workforce during World War II?A) It decreased suddenly. B) It contributed to the high unemploymentrate.C) It enjoyed a boost. D) It took over the male-dominated professions.60. According to the passage, one aim of the federal stimulus funding is to .A) promote health care and education B) create new jobs for laid-off menC) reduce the unemployment rate D) encourage women to work outside thehome61. It is anticipated by economist Casey Mulligan that .A) there will be equality in workforce numbers by the end of this yearB) it will be much easier for men to find work compared with womenC) the image that the man has to be the breadwinner will soon changeD) men will exceed women in the workforce with the economic recoveryPassage Two:Questions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.Nearly half of US employers research the online profiles of job candidates on social networks such as Facebook, MySpace or LinkedIn, according to a new survey.Forty-five percent of the employers surveyed for , the largest US online job site, said they use social networking sites to check on job candidates, up from just 22 percent in a survey conducted last year.Another 11 percent said they plan to start using social networking sites for screening.“As social networking grows increasingly pervasive, more employers are utilizing these sites to screen potential employees,” CareerBuilder said in a statement. It said job seekers should “be mindful of the information they post online.”CareerBuilder said that of those who conduct online searches as background checks on job candidates, 29 percent use Facebook, 26 percent use LinkedIn and 21 percent use MySpace. Eleven percent search blogs while seven percent follow candidates on micro-blogging service Twitter.Thirty-five percent of those surveyed said they have found content on a social network that caused them not to hire a candidate, CareerBuilder said. Examples included “provocative(挑衅的) or inappropriate photographs or information” or content about drinking or using drugs. Other reasons cited were badmouthing(说坏话) a previous employer, co-workers or clients, poor communication skills, making discriminatory(歧视性的) comments, lying about qualifications or sharing confidential information from a previous employer.Information found on social networking profiles was not always a negative factor in finding a job.Eighteen percent of employers said they have found content on social networking sites that caused them to hire the candidate, CareerBuilder said.Some profiles “provided a good feel for the candidate’s personality” or supported their professional qualifications while others demonstrated creativity or solid communication skills.Rosemary Haefner, vice president of human resources at CareerBuilder, recommended that candidates “clean up digital dirt” befor e beginning a job search by removing photos, content and links which could hurt their chances.The survey of 2,667 hiring managers and human resource professionals was conducted by Harris Interactive between May 22 and June 10. It has a sampling error of plus or minus percentage points.62. In the passage, “screening” (Line 1, Para. 3) refers to .A) testing employees for illness B) revealing something that hidesC) checking on potential employees D) conducting online researches63. Social networks websites are used by many employers because the former .A) help reveal what kind of person an job candidate isB) can spread the information of the company in a fast wayC) save companies lots of money on communicationD) help improve employer-employee relationship64. According to the survey, the social networking website used most by employers to check job candidates is . A) CareerBuilder B) MySpace C) FacebookD) LinkedIn65. CareerBuilder’s vice HR president Rosemary Haefner suggested that job seekers .A) take wild party pictures off their blogsB) never talk ill of their previous bossesC) avoid logging on social networks in real name D) remove all the personal information online66. What is the passage mainly aboutA) Social networks have put job seekers at a disadvantage.B) Privacy protection has become more important in job seeking.C) Different employers have different preferences for social network websites.D) More employers resort to social networks when making hiring decisions.Researchers have established that when people are mentally engaged, biochemical changes occur in the brain that allow it to act more effectively in cognitive(认知的) areas s u c h a s a t t e n t i o n a n d memory. This is true 67 of age.People will be alert and receptive 68 they are faced with information that gets them to t h i n k about things they are interested in. And someone 69 a history of doing more 70 than less will go into old age more cognitively 71 than someone who has not had an active mind.Many experts are so 72 of the benefits of challenging the brain 73 they are putting the theory to 74 in their own lives. “The idea is not 75 to learn to memorize enormous amounts of information,” says James Fozard, associate director of an institute 76 aging. “M o s t o f u s d o n’t need that kind of skill. Such 77 training is of less interest than being able to 78 mental alertness. ” Fozard and others say they 79 their brains with different mental skills, both because they enjoy them and because they are sure that their range of activities will help the way their brains work.Gene Cohen, acting director of the same institute, 80 that people in their old age should81 in mental and physical activities individually as 82 as in groups. Cohen says that we are frequently advised to keep physically active as we age, 83 older people need to keep mentally active as well. Those who do are more 84 to maintain their intellectual abilities and to be generally happier and better 85 , “The point is: you need to do 86 ,” Cohen says. “Intellectual activity actually influences brain-cell health and size.”67. A) referring B) regardlessC) concerning D) despite68. A) unless B) whileC) if D) whether69. A) of B) withC) about D) from70. A) rather B) betterC) other D) greater71. A) ambitious B) reasonableC) perfect D) sound72. A) persuaded B) convincedC) supposed D) counseled73. A) as B) soC) because D) that74. A) work B) jobC) truth D) fact75. A) essentially B) completelyC) necessarily D) remarkably76. A) at B) onC) in D) by77. A) excessive B) generalC) specific D) similar78. A) maintain B) sustainC) retain D) obtain79. A) regulate B) encounterC) stimulate D) challenge80. A) suggests B) advisesC) protests D) supposes81. A) pursue B) involveC) engage D) devote82. A) good B) wellC) soon D) far83. A) but B) orC) and D) though84. A) obliged B) probableC) likely D) partial85. A) adapted B) adoptedC) prepared D) adjusted86. A) either B) neitherC) all D) both87. Contrast may make something appear more beautiful ___________________________ (比单独看时).88. She has a headache because she ___________________________ (看了太长时间的书).89. Corn was not known in Europe until Columbus ___________________________ (发现玉米被种植) in Cuba.90. You shouldn’t have been following him so clos ely; you ____________________________ (应该保持距离).91. While crossing the mountain area, all the men carried guns lest they ___________________________ (被野生动物袭击).参考答案1. 有人赞成在教师节给老师送礼2. 有人则表示反对3. 我认为…Should We Give Gifts to Teachers on Teachers’ Day?Whether we should give gifts to teachers on Teachers’ Day has become a topic of debate in China recently. Some people say we should for two reasons. The first reason is that gifts presented to teachers show our respect and appreciation for teachers’ contri bution. Second is that teachers deserve the gifts and it has been a tradition for thousands of years.Some people, on the contrary, say we should ban gifts on Teacher’s Day. The festival, they say, has been materialized as more students’ parents turn to expensive gifts or even cash to offer teachers for some personal interests. It has put much pressure on parents that are not rich. Worse still, it may lead to the corruption of teachers.In my view, gifts still serve as a good way to express people’s love and respect toward honourable teachers and should not be banned. However, people should give small and meaningful rather than expensive gifts to teachers for the sake of students, parents and teachers. After all, it is not the price of the gift but just the heart you put into it that is meaning and important.Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)1. C)2. B)3. D)4. A)5. B)6. D)7. C)8. financial decisions 9. the lawyer 10. reliefPart III Listening ComprehensionSection A11. A) 12. B) 13. C) 14. D) 15. B) 16. D) 17. B) 18. D)19. C) 20. B) 21. D) 22. D) 23. C) 24. D) 25. A)Section B26. B) 27. C) 28. A) 29. D) 30. A) 31. D) 32. C) 33. D) 34. C) 35. A)Section C36. passports 37. guarantee 38. specifies 39. introduced40. background 41. access 42. confirming 43. register44. The government has said that the cost of a combined 10-year passport will be 93 pounds45. scanners and readers needed for the national identity card scheme would have to beintroduced anyway46. The use of more secure identity confirmation systems would mean cuts in social security,housing benefits and council tax deceptionPart IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)Section A47. F) 48. N) 49. G) 50. A) 51. E) 52. O) 53. M) 54. C) 55. H)56. L) Section B57. B) 58. B) 59. C) 60. A) 61. D) 62. C) 63.A) 64. C) 65. A) 66. D)Part V Cloze67. B) 68. C) 69. B) 70. A) 71. D) 72. B) 73. D) 74. A) 75. C) 76. B)77. C) 78. A) 79. D) 80. A) 81. C) 82. B) 83. A) 84. C) 85. D) 86. D)87. than it is when seen alone 88. has been reading too long 89. found it beingcultivated90. should have kept your distance 91. (should) be attacked by wild animals。
英语专业四级考试考前冲刺试卷(附答案)
英语专业四级考试考前冲刺试卷总分：100分及格：60分考试时间：140分PART I DICTATION (15 MIN)(1)<span>根据所听到的内容，回答{TSE}问题：</span>{MP3:/examfiles/2013/listenfiles/t4/m7.mp3}<span>{TS}</span>PART ⅡLISTENING COMPREHENSION (20 MIN) SECTION A CONVERSA TIONS(1)The purpose of Mr. Saunders' visit is toA. make a business report to the woman.B. be interviewed for a job in the woman's company.C. resign from his position in the woman's company.D. exchange stock market information with the woman.(2)What is Mr. Saunders' current job?A. He is head of a small trading company.B. He works in an international insurance company.C. He leads a team of brokers in a big company.D. He is a public relations officer in a small company.(3)What can we conclude from the conversation?A. The woman thinks Mr. Saunders is asking for more than they can offer.B. Mr. Saunders will share one third of the woman's responsibilities.C. Mr. Saunders believes that he deserves more paid vacations.D. The woman seems to be satisfied with Mr. Saunders' past experience.(4)The woman seems unconvinced that it will rain today becauseA. she can't see any sign of it outside.B. she doesn't believe the man.C. she thinks the forecast has not been accurate this week.D. she doesn't want it to happen.(5)Why do the man and woman want to talk to Mr. Simpson?A. He is a psychology professor with much knowledge.B. His views during arguments are very powerful.C. He may be able to add information to a research paper.D. He has personal experience in this field.(6)What is Simpson's view towards criminals?A. He rejects labeling criminals.B. He thinks criminals have certain psychological problems.C. He thinks criminals are abnormal,D. He thinks that criminals are crazy.(7)Where does the conversation take place?A. In the student recreation center.B. In the campus dining hall.C. In the university bookstore.D. In a classroom.(8)The woman plans to spend her eveningA. studying.B. preparing snacks.C. playing cards.D. learning how to play bridge.(9)The man warns the woman NOT toA. miss her card game.B. stay up too late.C. take too heavy a workload next semester.D. neglect her studies to play bridge.(10)The man doesn't accept the woman's offer becauseA. he already knows how to play.B. he doesn't like to play games.C. he doesn't have a partner.D. he doesn't have enough free time.SECTION B PASSAGES(1)What was the theme of the conference the speaker was to attend?A. The role of immigrants in the construction of American society.B. The importance of offering diverse courses in European history.C. The need for greater cultural diversity in the school curriculum.D. The historic landing of Europeans on the Virginia shore.(2)Why did the taxi driver ask the speaker how long he has been in the US?A. He was wondering if the speaker was used to living in America.B. He was trying to show friendliness to the speaker.C. He wanted to keep their conversation going.D. He believed the speaker was a foreigner.(3)What message did the speaker wish to convey?A. The US population doesn't consist of white European descendants only.B. Asian tourists can speak English as well as native speaker of the language.C. Colored people are not welcome in the United States.D. Americans are in need of education in theft history.(4)Greeks must __________ to keep the dead resting in everlasting peace.A. rent a graveB. bum the bodyC. bury the dead near a churchD. buy a piece of land for a grave(5)Most dead bodies in Athens are dug up after three years toA. solve the problem of lack of land.B. see whether they have decayed.C. follow the Greek religious practice.D. move them to a multi-storey graveyard.(6)What suggestions does the church give about the burying of dead bodies?A. They should be buried lying down.B. They should be buried standing up.C. They should be buried after being washed.D. They should be buried when partially decayed.(7)The Greek church objects toA. burning dead bodies to ashes.B. storing dead bodies in a remote place.C. placing dead bodies in a bone room.D. digging up dead bodies after three years.(8)Which of the following is the reason for people's dissatisfaction with traditional banks?A. Their business hours are limited.B. Their safety measures are inadequate.C. Their banking procedures are complicated.D. They don't have enough service windows.(9)What kind of customer does online banking most appeal to?A. People who are in the habit of switching from one bank to another.B. Young people who are fond of modern technology.C. Young people who are wealthy and well-educated.D. People who have computers at home.(10)According to the passage, banks create online services toA. compete for customers.B. reduce the size of their staff.C. provide services for distant clients.D. expand their operations at a lower cost.SECTION C NEWS BROADCAST(1)What is the subject of the competition?A. Writing a composition.B. Producing a cell phone film.C. Sending text messages.D. Telling a story by cell phone.(2)Which of the following details is INCORRECT?A. The film must be shot entirely with cell phones.B. The competition being open to young people is held by a U.S. collegeC. Young people use their cell phones to connect with web sites.D. The best film will be very different from an award-winning movie.(3)根据听到的内容，回答下题.{What a radical decision did New Zealand take 20 years ago?A. Cutting public spending.B. Dismantling the country's welfare state.C. Reforming its economy.D. Curtailing high labor costs drastically.(4)The next generation of retirees will be the following EXCEPTA. the most affluent.B. the best educated.C. the most optimistic.D. the healthiest.(5)When did pensions reach the height of their popularity?A. In the late 1970s.B. In the early 1970s.C. During World War II.D. In the late 1960s.(6)How many athletes took part in the 2006 Winter Olympics?A. 85.B. 1,924.C. 2,500.D. 25,000.(7)What is NOT recounted in Sue Macy's new book?A. Highlights.B. Low points.C. Changes.D. High points.(8)What's the name of the new book written by Sue Macy?A. Freeze Game: A Photographic History. of the Winter Olympics.B. Freeze Frame: A Photographic History of the Winter Olympics.C. Free Frame: A Photographic History of the Winter Olympics.D. Free Game: A Photographic History of the Winter Olympics.(9)All of the following details are true EXCEPTA. whether the Muslim Brotherhood is committed to democracy is doubted.B. Brotherhood candidates won't yield direct power in the presidential election.C. Brotherhood have become the biggest opposition group in parliament.D. candidates were officially allowed to stand as Brotherhood candidates.(10)What is commentators' prediction about the future of Egypt?A. A more democratic future.B. A more religious future.C. A more conservative future,D. A more radical future.PART ⅢCLOZE (15 MIN)(1)根据下面材料，回答{TSE}题.{TS}正确答案是（）A. thoughtB. ideaC. opinionD. advice(2)正确答案是（）A. strengthenB. accommodateC. stimulateD. enhance(3)正确答案是（）A. careB. nutritionC. exerciseD. leisure(4)正确答案是（）A. IfB. AlthoughC. WhereasD. Because(5)正确答案是（）A. assistanceB. guidanceC. confidenceD. tolerance(6)正确答案是（）A. claimedB. admiredC. ignoredD. surpassed(7)正确答案是（）A. improperB. riskyC. fairD. wise(8)正确答案是（）A. in effectB. as a resultC. for exampleD. in a sense(9)正确答案是（）A. displayingB. describingC. creatingD. exchanging(10)正确答案是（）A. durableB. excessiveC. surplusD. multiple(11)正确答案是（）A. groupB. individualC. personnelD. corporation(12)正确答案是（）A. consentB. insuranceC. admissionD. security(13)正确答案是（）A. particularlyB. barelyC. definitelyD. rarely(14)正确答案是（）A. similarB. longC. differentD. short(15)正确答案是（）A. if onlyB. now thatC. so thatD. even if(16)正确答案是（）A. everythingB. anythingC. nothingD. something(17)正确答案是（）A. offB. downC. outD. alone(18)正确答案是（）A. On the contraryB. On the averageC. On the wholeD. On the other hand(19)正确答案是（）A. makingB. standingC. planningD. taking(20)正确答案是（）A. capabilitiesB. responsibilitiesC. proficiencyD. efficiencyPART ⅣGRAMMAR & VOCABULARY (15 MIN)(1)She was full of pity __________ the little boy with no one to love and care for him.A. withB. inC. forD. on(2)The reason __________ his going to France was __________ he got a new job there.A. for.. becauseB. for.. thatC. of... becauseD. of... that(3)__________, both his father and mother died.A. At the age of sixB. Being six years oldC. He was six years oldD. When he was six years old(4)They wanted to eat out but could find __________ cheap enough.A. littleB. nowhereC. seldomD. hardly(5)Advertising can be a service to the customer. This is true when advertisements give liable information about the goodsA. advertisedB. lacing advertisedC. to be advertisedD. having been advertised(6)__________vastness of the Grand Canyon, it is difficult to capture it in a single photograph.B. TheC. For theD. Because of the(7)__________is mentioned in some of his books, the author was brought up in England.A. ItB. ThatC. WhatD. As(8)Agriculture is the country's chief source of wealth, __________rice by far the biggest cereal crop.A. isB. beenC. beD. being(9)I'm sure your suggestion will __________ the problem.A. contribute to solvingB. be contributed to solveC. contribute to solveD. be contributed to solving(10)The house was very quiet, __________ as it was on the side of a mountain.A. isolatedB. isolatingC. being isolatedD. having been isolated(11)My wife said in her letter that she would appreciate __________ from you sometime.A. to have heardB. to hearC. having heard(12)First designated in 1970, Earth Day has become an annual international event__________concerns about environmental issues such as pollution.A. dedicated to raisingB. dedicated raisingC. dedicates to raiseD. that dedicates to raising(13)Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, and this is especially true it comes to classroom tests.A. whenB. sinceC. beforeD. after(14)It was not until midnight the snowcapped peak.A. that they sightedB. that they did not sightC. did they sightD. had they sighted(15)__________ can help but admit that drastic changes have taken place in China since the economic reform 20years ago.A. EverybodyB. SomeoneC. AnybodyD. Nobody(16)The British constitution is a large extent a product of the historical events described above.A. atB. withinC. byD. to(17)She feels it a disgrace to speak to those sociallyA. inferiorB. downC. belowD. under(18)As the mountains were covered with a __________ of cloud, we couldn't see tbeir tops.A. coatingB. filmC. veilD. shade(19)__________we have not made any arrangement for our picnic.A. So farB. Up to nowC. Thus farD. As yet(20)We expect Mr. White will ___________ Class One when Ms Jenny retires.A. take overB. take upC. take offD. take to(21)She is only satisfied to copy the homework of others without the pain of thought for herself.A. veryB. soC. muchD. too(22)In order to strengthen his arguments, George __________ respectable social scientists whoagree with him.A. recitesB. confirmsC. quotesD. convinces(23)The __________ of our trip to London was the visit to Buckingham Palace.A. summitB. heightC. peakD. highlight(24)You cannot imagine how __________ I feel with my duties sometimes.A. overflowedB. overthrownC. overwhelmedD. overturned(25)Tom went through the documents again carefully for fear of__________ any important data.A. relayingB. overlookingC. deletingD. revealing(26)It is fortunate for the old couple that their son's career goals and their wishes for himA. coincideB. collaborateC. complyD. conform(27)I walked three kilometers yesterday and am__________ it now; my legs hurt.A. payingB. paying forC. paying backD. paying off(28)I'm __________ to think that they are opposed to the proposal.A. leanedB. includedC. inclinedD. declined(29)Some people like to own an expensive ear as a symbol of__________A. statusB. statueC. stateD. stature(30)One third, of the Chinese in the United States live in California, in the San Francisco area.A. exceptionallyB. drasticallyC. remarkablyD. predominantlyPART ⅤREADING COMPREHENSION (25 MIN)(1)根据下面的内容，回答{TSE}题.{TS}World War II is particular in that itA. anticipated the arrival of new age in war-waging.B. victimized the ordinary people and soldiers alike on unprecedented scales.C. made the aggressors suffer more than the aggressed.D. used the propaganda to get the civilians into it without hesitation.(2)It can be inferred from the first paragraph that "Rosie the Riveter" wasA. a picture used in the war propaganda.B. the name of an American hero during the war.C. a representative of women who were dragged into the war.D. a German-born worker who escaped to America during the war.(3)In the second paragraph, the author seems to consider the Allied bombing on GermanyA. imprudent.B. immoral.C. justified.D. reckless.(4)According to the author, without the Allied bombing,A. more lives might have been saved.B. people would have died of other disasters.C. the Allied landing would have been out of the question.D. many cultural objects would have survived.(5)The author concludes the passage by pointing out thatA. there is no such a thing as humane war.B. a total war is the cruelest thing in human history.C. a war does no good either to the winner or to the loser.D. it is impossible to wage a total war today.(6)根据下面的内容，回答{TSE}题.{TS}Which of the following is true about pageants?A. Pageants seldom take place in the afternoon or evening.B. Pageants are often supported by local or civic authorities.C. Many pageants get abundantly funded by local companies.D. Most pageants are based on events of historical importance.(7)The word "it" in Line 4, Para. 1 refers toA. the scale of the pageants in the open air.B. the production of costumes for all the performers.C. the limited allocation of funds for the performance.D. the creative power of the performance planners.(8)It can be inferred that the most important factor in costume design isA. money.B. color.C. harmony.D. texture.(9)It is implied that pageants held in the evening has the advantage thatA. more audience can afford the time to watch the performance.B. it doesn't cost much to design costumes for the performers.C. the settings can be seen more clearly under artificial lighting.D. distractions may be cut out by the surrounding darkness.(10)When fund is not enough, can be used to make the costumes.A. unwanted curtainsB. bath sheetsC. table clothD. cloaks(11)根据下面的内容，回答{TSE}题.{TS}Which might be the most appropriate title of the passage?A. At the Threshold of Neutrino Astronomy.B. Neutrinos and the History of the Universe.C. The Creation and the Study of Neutrinos.D. The DUMAND System and How It Works.(12)One advantage that neutrinos have for studies in astronomy is that theyA. have been detected for 25 years.B. possess a variable electric charge.C. are usually extremely massive.D. record information about their own origin.(13)The neutrinos are hard to detect most probably because ofA. their ability to escape from different regions of space.B. their inability to penetrate dense matter.C. the similarity of their structure to that of nucleons.D. the infrequency of their interaction with other matter.(14)The ocean may be used to detect neutrinos for the following reasons EXCEPT thatA. it can provide massive nucleons.B. it is like a huge detecting apparatus.C. it enables neutrinos to move more actively.D. it can keep away the interference of other particles.(15)In the last paragraph, the author describes the development of astronomy in order toA. suggest the potential discovery of celestial bodies by means of neutrino astronomy.B. illustrate the importance of surprises in making astronomic discoveries.C. demonstrate the effectiveness of the DUMAND apparatus in detecting neutrinos.D. name some cosmic phenomena that neutrino astronomy will illuminate.(16)根据下面的内容，回答{TSE}题.{TS}The author seems to compare the toll booths toA. profit opportunities.B. the market.C. the investors,D. profit.(17)The economists think the profit opportunities are rare becauseA. the market is not efficient.B. too many people go for it.C. the prices are always fluctuating.D. few people have the clear insights,(18)In an efficient market．A. profit opportunities remain a very brief time.B. only experts can grasp the profit opportunities.C. people without insights don't get much profit.D. anyone who knows the hot tips can gain profit.(19)What is the author's attitude towards the idea that "profit opportunities are rare"?A. Doubtful.B. Cautious.C. Consenting.D. Ironic.(20)The passage mainly focuses onA. the explanation of efficient market.B. the exchange of different currencies.C. how to make profits from stock market.D. how to catch the profit opportunities.PART ⅥWRITING SECTION A COMPOSITION (35 MIN) (1)SECTION B NOTE-WRITING (10 MIN)(1)答案和解析PART I DICTATION (15 MIN)(1) :PART ⅡLISTENING COMPREHENSION (20 MIN) SECTION A CONVERSA TIONS (1) :B(2) :C(3) :D(4) :C(5) :C(6) :A(7) :B(8) :C(9) :D(10) :DSECTION B PASSAGES (1) :C(2) :D(3) :A(4) :D(5) :A(6) :B(7) :A(8) :A(9) :C(10) :ASECTION C NEWS BROADCAST (1) :B(2) :D(3) :B(4) :C(5) :A(6) :C(7) :D(8) :B(9) :D(10) :BPART ⅢCLOZE (15 MIN) (1) :A(2) :B(3) :C(4) :D(5) :C(6) :B(7) :D(8) :C(9) :A(10) :D(11) :A(12) :D(13) :B(14) :D(15) :C(16) :D(17) :B(18) :A(19) :C(20) :APART ⅣGRAMMAR & VOCABULARY (15 MIN) (1) :C(2) :B(3) :D(4) :B(5) :A(6) :D(7) :D(8) :D(9) :A(10) :A(11) :D(12) :A(13) :A(14) :A(15) :D(16) :D(17) :A(18) :C(19) :D(20) :A(21) :D(22) :C(23) :D(24) :C(25) :B(26) :A(27) :B(28) :C(29) :A(30) :DPART ⅤREADING COMPREHENSION (25 MIN) (1) :B(2) :C(3) :C(4) :B(5) :A(6) :B(7) :C(8) :C(9) :D(10) :A(11) :A(12) :D(13) :D(14) :C(15) :A(16) :B。
CET-4模拟试题（二）
CET-4模拟试题（二）生技16-1CET-4模拟测试一、在答题前，请认真完成以下内容：1．请检查试题册背面条形码粘贴条、答题卡的印刷质量，如有问题及时向监考员反应，确认无误后完成以下两点要求。
2．请将试题册背面条形码粘贴条揭下后粘贴在答题卡1的条形码粘贴框内，并将姓名和准考证号填写在试题册背面相应位置。
3．请在答题卡1和答题卡2指定位置用黑色签字笔填写准考证号、姓名和学校名称，并用2B铅笔将对应准考证号的信息点涂黑。
二、在考试过程中，请注意以下内容：1．所有题目必须在答题卡上作答，在试题册上的作答一律无效。
2．请在规定时间内依次完成作文、听力、阅读、翻译各部分考试，作答作文期间不得翻阅该试题册。
听力录音播放完毕后，请立即停止作答，监考员将立即回收答题卡1，得到监考员指令后方可继续作答。
3．作文题内容印在试题册背面，作文题及其他主观题必须用黑色签字笔在答题卡指定区域内作答。
4．选择题均为单选题，错选、不选或多选将不得分，作答时必须使用HB-2B铅笔在答题卡上相应位置填涂，修改时须用橡皮擦净。
三、以下情况按违规处理：1. 不正确填写（涂）个人信息，错贴、不贴、毁损条形码粘贴条；2. 未按规定翻阅试题册、提前阅读试题、提前或在收答题卡期间作答；3. 未用所规定的笔作答、折叠或毁损答题卡导致无法评卷。
4. 考试期间在非听力考试时间佩戴耳机。
Part I Writing (30 minutes)（请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试）Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay. Suppose you have two options upon graduation: one is to take a job in a company and the other to go to a graduateschool. You are to make a choice between the two. Write an essay to explain the reasons for your choice. You should write at least 120words but no more than 180words.Part ⅡListening Comprehension （25 minutes）Section ADirections: In this section， you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report，you will hear two or three questions. Both the newsreport and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear aquestion， you must choose the best answer from the four choices markedA）， B）， C） and D）. Then mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1.A) Terrorists attacked Thai troops.C)Shootings occurred in Bangkok.B)Thai troops killed many people. D) Bombs blasted in Bangkok.2.A) The Muslims wanted to build up an Islamic State.B)Thai troops were sent to North.C)About 2,000 people were injured.D)There were no more bombings since 2004.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3.A) Give oil revenues to some of the provinces.B)Allow provinces distribute their oil revenues.C)Distribute oil revenues according to the population size.D)Distribute oil revenues according to the development of economy.4.A) To help build shopping malls.B)To help improve the country’s economy.C)To help more children to learn how to clean the streets.D)To help more young people to get back to school.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5.A) Spain. C) France.B)The United States. D) Italy.6.A) 77 million.C) million.B)130 million. D) 100 million.7. A) %. C) 100%.B) 30%. D) 37%.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both theconversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After youhear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choicesmarked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A) The job is boring, but the pay is good. C) She likes the job butstill wants a change.B) It’s not a busy, but a hard job. D) It’s the very job she’s lookingfor.9. A) He likes fashion. C) He believes he qualifies for the job.B) He is learning fashion design. D) He likes working as a salesman.10.A) Someone who is not good at service jobs.B)Someone who is not good at mind tricks.C)Someone who is afraid of being a new one at a job.D)Someone who can start a conversation with strangers easily.11.A) Be played by mind tricks. C) Failto get perfect scores.B) Leave the school and be independent. D) Be unemployed for the timebeing.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12.A) Living in trees. C) Anenvironmental issue.B) Protecting the forests. D) Tasmania’s policies.13.A) She hates to live with people. C)She wants to live high.B) She likes living in a tree. D) She wants to prevent people fromlogging trees.14. A) It can benefit the environment. C) It can provide jobs.B) It can reduce costs. D) It is profitable.15.A) It is a vital industry in Tasmania.C) It boosts the cutting of trees in Tasmania.B) It will reduce employment rate in Tasmania. D) It stops local peoplefrom money in Tasmania.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage andthe questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B),C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 witha single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16.A) New York City is turning 101 years old.B)Grand Central Stat ion’s turning 101 years old.C)A building being named as Grand Central Terminal.D)The change of Grand Central Station.17.A) It has a small, arched window. C)The ticket windows are jeweled.B) The clocks are on four sides. D) The ceiling is a mirror image.18.A) The design of the building is for the public.B) The plan of building a huge office over it failed.C)The modern preservation movement gets more attention.D)The beauty of the building has been known worldwide.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.19.A) It contains one paragraph ofintroduction. C) It consists of two sides of the argument.B) It contains five paragraphs of evidence. D) It contains threeparagraphs of the conclusion.20.A) Correcting grammar mistakes incollege. C) Helping students improve their writing.B) Teaching international students. D) Working in a lab in India.21.A) Its subjects are too simple to use the formula.B)The formula is good for this kind of writing.C)Its subjects require deep thoughts and investigation.D)Careful thinking should be throughout the process of writing.22. A) One with a clear five-paragraph essay.B)One with evidence leading to different conclusions.C)One with descriptive words.D) One with shorter but well-organized sentences.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.23.A) Busy people. C) Young people.B) Knowledgeable people. D) Rich people.24.A) Ads by celebrity. C) Goodreputation of the seller.B) Friendly online conversation. D) Discounts and small gifts.25. A) By adding various products. C) By having good post-sale service.B) By lowering the prices. D) By making quick deliveries.Part III Reading Comprehension （40 minutes）Section ADirections：In this section，there is a passage with ten blanks。
4 级考前最新命制试卷二参考答案及录音文本
录音文本Part III Listening ComprehensionSection A11. M: I have just found a great location to open a new shop.W: But you haven‟t researched the market. Don‟t y ou think this is putting the cart before the horse?Q: What does the woman think the man should do?12. W: I‟m awfully sorry I‟m late again, but I got caught in a traffic jam; you know what transportation was like thistime of day.M: Well, “it appears that you have more traffic jams than other colleagues. It‟s the fourth time you are late within two weeks.Q: What does the man mean?13. W: Have you met John‟s girlfriend? Do you feel she‟s as beautiful as he said? How come I don‟t feel so?M: Well, they say love is blind.Q: What does the man mean?14. M: Oh, gosh. I was caught cheating in the math examination yesterday.W: I‟m sorry to hear that. But since it happened, you have to face the music.Q: What does the woman mean?15. W: I just saw an ad on television that said men‟s suits were on sale today and tomorrow at Conrad‟s Men‟s Ware.M: Great! That‟s just what I‟ve been waiting for.Q: What will the man probably do?16. W: We are offering quite a few programs this fall. Feel free to call any time and talk to the nurse.M: Maybe I‟ll do that. There are some things I‟d like to know about the weight reduction program you‟re offering.Q: What do we learn about the man?17. W: Good morning. Can I help you, sir?M: Oh, yes. I‟m going to enjoy a vacation in Sydney for three weeks. This is my first trip abroad and I want to get some information about flights and hotels there.Q: Where does this conversation most probably take place?18. M: This is a good seat. I‟m glad you suggested the move. Here in the front section we can look out and enjoy thescenery. If you get seat in the middle of the plane, the wings block your view.W: Feel the plane moving? Are we taking off now? Listen. The girls are giving instructions.Q: What do we learn from the conversation?Now you will hear the two long conversations.Conversation OneM: Can you tell me about the university shuttle bus system? This is such a large campus, and I have classes all over the campus. I need to take the shuttle bus from one class to another, or I‟ll never make it on time.W: What do you need to know? I think it‟s a really great system.M: First of all, where does it go?W: The university shuttle bus system goes all over campus. It doesn‟t leave the campus; if you want to travel off campus, you‟ll need to take the city bus system. But the university shuttle bus system will get you from one c lass to the next very efficiently.M: And how much does it cost?W: It‟s free. Can you believe it? So you don‟t have to pay a cent to get all around the university campus.M: That‟s really great. And how do I catch the shuttle bus?W: Just look for one of the bright yellow shuttle bus signs, and go stand next to it. You can see the yellow shuttle bus signs all over campus. A shuttle bus will come along approximately every five minutes, so you shouldn‟t have to wait long.M: That all sounds good. Thanks for your help.W: No problem.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. What are the man and woman discussing?20. What area does the university shuttle bus cover?21. How much does the shuttle bus cost?22. What color are the shuttle bus signs?Conversation TwoW: Good morning, Doctor Sherman Alexie. Let‟s talk about your life. Where do you come from?M: I come from the Rez, an Indian reservation. I grew up there, lived there until 18. I lived on and off the reservation for the next 6 or 7 years during college. I left there after I graduated, worked at a high school exchange program. I thought I do that kind of job to support my writing. Day jobs that require no emotional investment beyond 8 hoursa day where I wouldn‟t need to bring work home. I didn‟t want to be part of management or anybody important atthe job. I wanted to be completely replaceable, that is what I thought I would be doing for most of my life and writing. Then I got a ground and my first book got a front-page review in the New York Times Book Review. W: When did writing enter your life?M: Books are always being in my life. My dad love books and most of what he read were westerners‟ spy novels, mysteries. I grew up loving books, copying my father‟s love for boo ks. But nobody has showed me a book written by an Indian, not even one piece of poem. Nothing. At that time I was going to be a physician. I loved math and science. I got to college, couldn‟t handle physiology, and was looking around for options and took a poetry-writing class for fun.W: Poetry was your way in?M: Yes, that‟s where I started. I took the class and honestly, I just thought it would be an easy grade. But I completely underestimated poetry and what it would do to me and the realm of possibility for it. I took the class and was hooked about ten minutes after reading my first contemporary poem.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. Why did Sherman Alexie only take day jobs?24. What was his original goal at college?25. Why did he take the poetry-writing class?Section BPassage OneThe Winners Club is a bank account specially designed for teenagers. It has been made to help you better manage your money. The Winners Club is a transaction account where you receive a key-card so you can get to your money 24/7 —that‟s 24 hours a day, 7 days a week!You‟re no millionaire so we don‟t expect you to pay large fees. In fact, there are no account keeping or transaction fees!You want your money to grow. The Winners Club has a good rate of interest which gets even better if you make at least two deposits without taking them out in a month.Teenagers are busy — we get that. You may never need to come to a bank at all. With the Winners Club you can choose to use handy telle rs and to bank from home using the phone and the Internet … You can have money directly deposited into your Winners Club account. This could be your pocket money or your pay from your part- time job!Along with your regular report, you will receive a FREE magazine full of good ideas to make even more of your money. There are also fantastic offers and competitions only for Winners Club members.The Winners Club is a great choice for teenagers. And it is so easy to join. Simply fill in an application form. You will have to get permission from your parent or guardian (so we can organize that cool key-card) but it is easy. We can‟t wait to hear from you. It‟s the best way to choose to be a winner!Questions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. Whom did the Winners Club a bank account intend for?27. Which of the following is true about the Winners Club?28. What do we learn about the Winners Club magazines?29. What is the purpose of this passage?Passage TwoThe word advertising refers to any kind of public announcement that brings products and services to the attention of people. Throughout history, advertising has been all effective way to promote the trading and selling of goods. In the Middle Ages, merchants employed “town criers” to re ad public messages aloud to promote their goods.By the end of the seventeenth century, when newspapers were beginning to be read by more people, printed materials became all important way to promote products and services. The London Gazette was the first newspaper to set aside a place just for advertising. This was so successful that by the end of the century several companiesstarted businesses for the purpose of making newspaper ads for merchants.Advertising spread quickly throughout the eighteenth century. Ad writers were starting to pay more attention to the design of the ad text. Everything, from clothes to drinks, was promoted with clever methods such as repetition of the firm‟s name or product, words organized in eye-catching patterns, the use of pretty pictures and expressions easy to remember.Near the end of the nineteenth century, companies that were devoted to the production of ads came to be known as “advertising agencies.” The agencies developed new ways to get people to think of themselves a s members of a group. Throughout the twentieth century, advertising agencies promoted consumerism as a way of life, spreading the belief that people could be happy only if they bought the “right” products.Questions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30. What was advertising like in the Middle Ages?31. In what aspect was the l8th century advertising special?32. Which would be the best title for the passage?Passage ThreeCan dogs and cats live in perfect harmony in the same home? A recent research has found a new recipe of success. According to the study, if the cat is adopted before the dog, and if they are introduced when still young, it is highly probable that the two pets will get along peacefully.However, it wasn‟t all sweetnes s and light. There was a reported coldness between the cat and dog in 25% of the homes, while aggression and fighting were observed in 10% of the homes. One reason for this is probably that some of their body signals were just opposite. For example, when a cat turns its head away it signals aggression, while a dog doing the same signals submission.In homes with cats and dogs living peacefully, researchers observed a surprising behavior. They are learning how to talk each other‟s language. It is a surprise that cats can learn how to talk …dog‟, and dogs can learn how to talk …cat‟.What‟s interesting is that both cats and dogs have appeared to develop their intelligence. They can learn how to read each other‟s body signals. Once familiar with each other‟s pr esence and body language, cats and dogs can play together, greet each other nose to nose, and enjoy sleeping together on the sofa.The significance of the research on cats and dogs may go beyond pets —to people who don‟t get along, including neighbors, colleagues at work, and even world superpowers. If cats and dogs can learn to get along,surely people have a good chance.Questions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33. When may some cats and dogs fight according to the speaker?34. What is found surprising about cats and dogs?35. What can we human beings learn from cats and dogs?Section CResearch suggests that parental involvement in school is vital to a child‟s academic success. However, if you‟re a single parent, a working parent, or a parent with little spare time, you may find it difficult to find ways to get involved. The following list of recommendations comes from the Harvard Family Research Project, an organization committed to advancing education, which may give you some enlightenment. First, attend teacher-parent conferences. If the schedule of these meetings conflicts with your work schedule, speak to the teacher and principal about your situation, and work out a time when you can meet. Second, get over your own insecurities. The Harvard Family Research Project found that parents who had negative childhood experiences at school are less likely to get involved in their children‟s academic programs, and may feel uncomfortable contacting teachers. Remember that your child‟s a cademic experience is important and vital to his professional success. Under no circumstances do you let your own obstacles hinder your child‟s success. Third, drop in on extracurricular activities. If you are unavailable during the day, try to pick your child up from after-school activities. Arrive a few minutes early and watch your child in action. Sit in on your child‟s student council meeting or theatre rehearsal (排练) . Finally, use a translator. Parents who speak English as a second language can get in touch with their child‟s school and request a translator. It‟s important for all parents to have their questions answered and their concerns properly communicated.。
2024年公共英语四级考前冲刺题
d."established links between diseases and stress"
答案：dadbc
公共英语四级考前冲刺题 3
The economy of the United states after 1952 was the econnomy of a well-fed,almost fully employed people. Despit occasional alarms, the country escaped any postwar depression and lived in a state of boom. A n economic survey of the year 1955, a typical year of the 1950’s, may be typical as illustrating the rapid economic growth of the decade. The national output was value at 10 percent above that of 1954 (1955 output was estimated at 392 billion dollars). The production of manufacturers was about 40 percent more than it had averaged in the years immediately following World War 2. The country’s business spent about 30billion dollars for new factories and machinery.
4 级考前冲刺试题二
4 级考前冲刺试题二Part I Writing(30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled Paying Kids for Chores? You should write at least 120 words according to the outline given below.1. 现在有不少家长付钱让孩子做家务2. 有人对此赞成，也有人表示反对3. 我的看法Paying Kids for Chores?_________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose thebest answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Forquestions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in thepassage.Universities must deal better with complaintsWith student complaints at a record high, universities will have to raise their gameonce tuition fees riseTwo universities that have broken official rules for dealing with student complaints are named today in the independent adjudicator’s (仲裁人) annual report. The two, Southampton and Westminster, are the first to be exposed in this way —yet another sign of the new era in which universities are expected to be more accountable (负责) to students who expect to be treated as customers.The Office of the Independent Adjudicator (OIA), which reviews complaints when students have exhausted their university’s procedures, also reports a record risein the number of cases. Last year the office received 1,341 complaints against universities in England and Wales, the highest number ever and an unprecedented (空前的) rise of one-third on the year before.As the adjudicator himself, Rob Behrens, points out, 1,341 complaints represents just 0.05% of higher education students, and 53% of those were not justified. But, he also observes, the proportion of justified and partly justified complaints has grown for the first time in several years. He predicts the increase in complaints will continue. “It’s to be expected where you have rising tuition fees, where students are being invited to behave like consumers and where the labour market is difficult so students will do what they can to ensure they qualify.”He says his decision to expose the universities of Southampton and Westminster is not “naming and shaming, with all the associations of moral censure that termimpl ies”. He was, he explains, simply following OIA rules — something those two institutions failed to do.Westminster fell short in its handling of two complaints. One was from a student who argued a disability hadn’t been properly taken into account. The ad judicator agreed. The other student claimed that an exam question and its marking scheme had been unreasonable. In both cases the university broke the rules by failing to resolve the cases, as recommended, promptly and in full.At Southampton University, four months after the OIA concluded that an undergraduate had a justified complaint about their experience on a placement, the university continued to oppose the decision and was refusing compensation.In a second case, the university also failed to compl y with the adjudicator’s decision. And in a third one, although the complaint turned out to be unjustified, for 10 months the university delayed the investigation by failing to provide evidence despite the adjudicator’s repeated reminders.At both universities, it was only after the adjudicator involved thevice-chancellors (校长) that the complaints began to be resolved.Behrens is pleased the relationships between his office and both universities are now much more positive. “As the government places mor e emphasis on the studentexperience, complaints have an important role in safeguarding (保护) that,” he says. “Universities must see complaints as feedback to become more professional.”Both Southampton and Westminster universities want to charge undergraduates annual fees of £9,000. There is an expectation, not only from ministers, but importantly from students and their families, too, that all universities wishing to increase charges will move to increase student satisfaction as well.Before making an investment of £27,000, for example, each student will ask, “Is this good value? Is the teaching good? Is this the best route to a successful career?”Universities are being encouraged, some may say pressurised, to become more transparent and accountable in a number of ways.The government is urging all universities to publish a student charter, a sort of statement of terms and conditions to remind students of their responsibilities and their rights. Universities are also expected to publish “key information sets” by September 2012. These will enable students to shop around by providing the same 17 pieces of information about each institution, including, for example, the proportion of “contact” time and group work, and the careers and starting salaries of previous graduates.The OIA is already looking at creative ways to cope with both limited resources and likely further rises in student complaints. Settling more disputes by phone is one option; helping universities to install an independent ombudsman (巡视员) on each campus —an idea borrowed from the Netherlands and the US — is another.The question is, are UK universities well prepared for the new consumer culture where the deal is if you pay more, you expect more, and if you feel you’re not getting it, you’ll complain?The question is particularly pertinent for the universities of Southampton and Westminster on the day they are exposed for dragging their feet with a legally established adjudicator. Both vice-chancellors were unavailable for interview.In a statement, Professor Debra Humphris, Southampton’s pro-vice-chancellor, education, said the vast majority of the small number of student complaints are dealt with swiftly, described the dialogue with the OIA as “constructive and supportive” and said that an improved complaints procedure will be in place this autumn.In a more defiant statement, Professor Geoffrey Petts, vice-chancellor at Westminster, points out that the university is working with the OIA towards compliance with its recommendations: “The University of Westminster was disappointed to have been cited in the OIA report. The university has robust procedures for handling the very small number of formal complaints which it receives from students.”Aaron Porter, the president of the National Union of Students, has welcomed the new step of naming universities that don’t fully co-operate with the adjudicator. “In an environment where students are paying higher fees and will therefore raise expectations, they need to know which institutions stic k to the rules.”He also makes this warning: “Faced with increasing competition to recruit students, many universities are being tempted to make grander and grander claims. They need to improve their offer, but they need to be honest in what they promise.”The advice is echoed by Steve Smith, president of Universities UK andvice-chancellor of the University of Exeter. He sees, in the adjudicator’s annual report, a sector getting to grips with a new world where students are more demanding andwill make su re universities correctly follow procedures. “It is vital that institutions are honest and transparent about what students can expect from their courses. In an age of marketing, don’t oversell. Any institution will have to make sure they do what they say.”1. Southampton and Westminster’s being named shows that _______.A) the independent adjudicator is quite impartialB) the two universities have a very bad reputationC) universities are expected to be more responsibleD) college students are treated with much respect now2. What is said about last year’s complaints against universities in England and Wales?A) Few of them turned out to be completely justified.B) They were much less than those on the year before.C) Most of the complaints were exposed in the report.D) The number of the complaints reached a record high.3. According to Rob Behrens, the increase in complaints is likely to continue as long as _______.A) we are living in a customer cultureB) universities increase tuition feesC) students have to pay their tuition feesD) the level of unemployment keeps rising4. When a student complained about an exam question, the University of Westminster _______.A) deliberately delayed the investigation C) modified the marking scheme promptlyB) didn’t deal with the complaint swiftly D) handled the case following official rules5. Behrens believes that complaints play an important role in _______.A) safeguarding the student experience C) enhancing customers’ shoppi ng experienceB) protecting the interests of universities D) improving government employees’ service6. Students and their families expect that universities wanting more tuition fees will _______.A) offer more part-time jobs C) increase student satisfactionB) lower entrance requirements D) invest more in teaching facilities7. For the OIA, to resolve more complaints with limited resources, one option is to_______.A) urge universities to simplify their proceduresB) use the telephone to deal with the complaintsC) cooperate with officials from other countriesD) send an independent ombudsman to each school8. According to Professor Debra Humphris, the University of Southampton will be ready to use ______________________________ this autumn.9. Aaron Porter warns that universities should not only______________________________ but also be frank in their offer.10. Steve Smith, president of Universities UK, understands that we have entered a new era where students become more ______________________________.Part III Listening Comprehension(35 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 longconversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions willbe asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions willbe spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During thepause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), anddecide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11. A) He fell ill on the jet plane. C) He went to bed too late last night.B) He has been working too hard. D) He hasn’t adapte d to the new time yet.12. A) The man doesn’t have a strong enough will.B) The man loves horror films.C) The man will see the film anyway.D) The man studied for the whole night last night.13. A) Not to worry about the ticket. C) Book an air ticket in advance.B) Buy a ticket at a higher price. D) Wait for others to cancel their booking.14. A) The young man had some unusual problems.B) The problem is common for young people.C) It’s not common for young men to leave home.D) It was a problem for John when he left home.15. A) The man will have no choices left.B) The man had better go there quickly.C) The man should go when he has spare time.D) The books are a bit scratched and are of poor quality.16. A) She can’t afford the time for the trip. C) She has to change the time for the trip.B) She will manage to leave this month. D) She hasn’t decided where to go next month.17. A) It is located near a large residential area.B) It is open around-the-clock on weekends.C) It is the same as other banks in any way.D) It provides convenience and quality service.18. A) He will go to see a doctor about his coughing.B) He has had a heart attack because of smoking.C) He is coughing because of too much smoking.D) He has a serious lung disease and heart attack already.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) Go to summer school. C) Stay at home.B) Take a vacation. D) Earn some money.20. A) They hired someone to stay in their home.B) They left their pets with neighbors.C) They rented their house to a student.D) They asked their gardener to watch their home.21. A) Walking the dog. C) Watching the children.B) Cutting the grass. D) Feeding the fish.22. A) They attend a house-sitter’s party.C) They interview a house-sitter’s friends.B) They check a house-sitter’s references. D) They look at a house-sitter’s transcripts.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. A) Writing reports for them. C) Helping them deal with daily existence.B) Teaching them foreign languages. D) Introducing work for them.24. A) They don’t have support networks.B) They cannot cope with the difficulties in their lives.C) The woman is famous for helping others.D) People from their nationality refuse to help them.25. A) They were surprised at the flavors.B) They could find food they know and love.C) There was at least one Chinese restaurant in every China town.D) Americans have different foods.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage andquestions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, youmust choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 witha single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. A) To do some research. C) To pay for his college education.B) To support his family. D) To help his partner expand business.27. A) It stood at an unfavorable place.B) It lowered the prices to promote sales.C) It lacked control over the quality of sandwiches.D) It made no profits due to poor management.28. A) They had enough money to do it.B) They had succeeded in their business.C) They wanted to make others believe that they were successful.D) They wished to meet the increasing demand of customers.29. A) Learning by trial and error. C) Finding a good partner.B) Making friends with suppliers. D) Opening chain stores.Passage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30. A) To exchange ideas. C) To achieve success in life.B) To prove their value. D) To overcome their fear of silence.31. A) About whatever they have prepared. C) About learning something new.B) About whatever they want to do. D) About getting on well.32. A) To explain why people keep talking.B) To persuade people to stop making noises.C) To encourage people to join in conversations.D) To discuss why people like talking about weather.Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33. A) Bettering his way of life.B) Improving his surroundings.C) Modifying the face of the planet.D) Altering the physical features of the earth.34. A) When the ecological balance of the river is lost.B) When people consume more fish than they used to.C) When large numbers of algae, fish and birds are killed.D) When the production of marine petroleum is increased.35. A) Ecologists. C) Businessmen.B) Industrialists. D) Environmentalists.Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea.When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill inthe blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have justheard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in themissing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact wordsyou have just heard or write down the main points in your own words.Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should checkwhat you have written.Today we are going to practice evaluating the main tool used when addressing groups — the (36) _________. There are three main elements that combine to create either a positive or negative (37) _________ for listeners. They can (38) _________ in a voice that is pleasing to listen to and can be used effectively, or they can create a voice th at doesn’t hold the attention, or even worse causes an (39) _________ reaction. The three elements are volume, pitch and pace.When talking about volume, keep in mind that a good speaker will adjust to the size of both the room and the audience. Of course, with an (40) _________ devicelike a microphone, the speaker can use a (41) _________ tone. But speakers should not be (42) _________ on it. A good speaker can speak loudly without shouting.The second element — pitch — is related to the highness and lowness of the sounds. High pitches are for most people more difficult to listen to, so in general, the speaker should use the lower (43) _________ of the voice. (44)___________________________________________________________________.The third element, pace — this is how fast or slow words and sounds are articulated — should also be varied. (45)___________________________________________________________________. Pauses ought to be used to signal transitions or create anticipation. It can be very effective when moving from one topic to another (46)___________________________________________________________________.Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a wordbank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully beforemaking your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the wordsin the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.Perhaps like most Americans you have some extra pounds to shed. You may even have tried a fad (时尚) diet or two, but found yourself right back where you 47 . The key to weight loss is regular 48 activity. And surprisingly, you don’t have to give up eating or make the gym your second home to see long-term, 49 effects.Your body needs a certain amount of energy to maintain basic 50 such as breathing, blood circulation and digestion. The energy required to keep your organs functioning is referred to as the resting or basal metabolic rate. Any time you are active, 51 energy is required. It is obtained from glycogen (糖原) and fat stored in the blood, liver, and muscles. The key to losing weight is to draw on the fat rather than on the carbohydrate reserves.Which of the two energy sources you use depends on the intensity and 52 of your activity. The higher the intensity, the more your body will pull from the stored carbohydrates. The lower the intensity, the 53 your body will rely on fat as its fuel.Aerobic exercise is most 54 for weight loss. When you perform aerobic activities you 55 contract large muscle groups such as your legs and arms. Walking, running, rollerblading, swimming, dancing, and jumping jacks are all forms of aerobic activity. Surprisingly, if your aerobic activity is low to moderately intense and of long duration, you will burn more fat than if you had 56 in a short burst of high-intensity exercise. In short, a brisk 30-minute walk will burn fat while a100-yard sprint will burn glycogen.Section BDirections:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are fourchoices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choiceand mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single linethrough the centre.Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.The warming of the Arctic is releasing a new wave of banned toxic chemicals that had been trapped in the ice and cold water, scientists have discovered.The researchers warn that the amount of the poisons stored in the polar region is u nknown and their release could “undermine global efforts to reduce environmental and human exposure to them.”The chemicals leaking out as temperatures rise include DDT, lindane, chlordane, PCBs and HCBs. All of these persistent organic pollutants (Pops) are banned under the 2004 Stockholm Convention.Pops can cause cancers and birth defects and take a very long time to degrade (降解), meaning they can be transported for long distances and accumulate over time.Over past decades, the low temperatures in the Arctic trapped volatile (易挥发的) Pops in ice and cold water. But scientists in Canada and Norway have now discovered that global warming is freeing the Pops once again.They examined measurements of Pops in the air between 1993 and 2009 at the Zeppelin research station in Svalbaard and Alert weather station in northern Canada. After allowing for the decline in global emissions of Pops, the team showed that thetoxic chemicals are being remobilised by rising temperatures and the retreat of the sea ice, which exposes more water to the Sun. For example, air concentrations of PCBs and HCBs have shown a rising trend from about 2004 onwards.Hayley Hung, a member of Environment Canada and of the team, said its work provided the first evidence of the releasing of Pops in the Arctic. “But this is the beginning of a story,” she said. “The next step is to find out how much is in the Arcti c, how much will leak out and how quickly.” With the exception of lindane, there was little existing knowledge of the scale of the Pops stored in high latitude (纬度) regions.The fate of the frozen Pops depends on the speed of warming in the Arctic — it is currently heating up much more quickly than lower latitudes — as well as how the chemicals interact with snow and rain. Pops accumulate in fats and are therefore concentrated up the food chain, but Hung cautions that food chains themselves in the Arctic may be altered by climate change.57. What have the researchers discovered in the Arctic?A) The ice and cold water in the region contain banned toxic chemicals.B) Poisons stored in the region are leaking out due to global warming.C) The amount of toxic chemicals in the region could destroy all mankind.D) The ecosystem in the region has been changed by rising temperatures.58. What do we learn about Pops from the passage?A) They pose a threat to marine life and humans.B) They are substances that are easily degraded.C) They can be found only in the polar region.D) They will decrease in number if moving in the air.59. By “the toxic chemicals are being remobilised” (Line 3, Para. 6), the author meansthat the Pops .A) are taking in the form of ice or waterB) are becoming more and more poisonousC) are able to move easily and quickly in the waterD) are no longer trapped in the ice and cold water60. According to Hayley Hung, the scientists need to figure out .A) the harm the Pops will do to human beingsB) why the Pops have been trapped in the iceC) the scale of the Pops stored in the ArcticD) how to eliminate the banned toxic chemicals61. What is said about the warming in the Arctic?A) Human activities have sped it up. C) It is affected by the release of the Pops.B) It may change the food chains. D) It happened earlier than other regions.Passage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.If you haven’t heard or seen anything about road rage in the last few months, you’ve probably been avoiding the media. There have been countless stories about this new and scary phenomenon, considered a type of aggressive driving. If you drive, you have more than likely encountered aggressive driving.While drunk driving remains a critical problem, the facts about aggressive driving are surely as disturbing. For instance, according to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), 41,907 people died on the highways last year. Of those fatalities, the agency estimates that about two-thirds were caused at least in part by aggressive driving behavior.Why is this phenomenon occurring more than ever now, and why is it something that seemed almost nonexistent a few short years ago? Experts have several theories, and all are probably partially correct. One suggestion is sheer overcrowding. In thelast decade, the number of cars on the roads has increased by over 11%, and the number of miles driven has increased by 35%. Meanwhile, the number of new road miles has only increased by 1%. That means more cars in the same amount of space; and the problem is magnified in urban areas.Also, people have less time and more things to do. With people working and trying to fit extra chores (琐事) and activities into the day, stress levels have never been higher. Stress creates anxiety, which leads to short tempers. These factors, when combined in certain situations, can spell road rage.You may think you are the last person who would drive aggressively, but you might be surprised. For instance, have you ever yelled out loud at a slower driver, honked (按喇叭) long and hard at another car, or sped up to keep another driver from passing? If you recognize yourself in any of these situations, watch out!Whether you are getting angry at other drivers or if another driver is visibly upset with you, there are things you can do to avoid major confrontations. If you are susceptible (受影响的) to road rage, the key is to discharge your emotion in a healthy way. If you are the target of another driver’s rage, do everything possible to get away from the other driver safely, including avoiding eye contact and getting out of their way.62. What do we learn from the first paragraph?A) The media coined the term “Road Rage” only a few months ago.B) People have been raged by media reports and want to avoid them.C) People not interested in the media know little about recent happenings.D) Road rage has received much media coverage in the last few months.63. According to NHTSA, last year on the highways .A) approximately two thirds of drivers were killed by road rageB) road rage remained the No.1 killer and took 41,907 people’s livesC) more people were killed by aggressive driving than by drunk drivingD) drunk driving was a problem more serious than aggressive driving。
CET-4模拟试题(二)答案解析
Part IWriting范文点评高分范文Going to Graduate School Is a Better Choice①If given two options after graduation, that is, to take a job in a company orto go to a graduate school, I'd prefer the latter.② First and foremost, it is widely acknowledged that a higher level ofeducation means better payments and more opportunities in the future in China. ③Therefore, I think another two or three years' investment in graduate education must be worthwhile in the long run. ④Secondly, I love my major and have a strong desire to further my study so as to deeply explore some academic issues in this field.⑤Finally, the job market for undergraduate students is too competitive foraverage students like me to find a satisfying job. ⑥Thus,it would be a better choice if I could obtain a master's degree.⑦Considering the three reasons listed above, I would choose to go to agraduate school after graduation to earn a better future.Part ⅡListening ComprehensionSection ANews Report One(1) The Christmas Eve in Thailand was shattered by violence when ten bombs blasted across Bangkok around midnight. Five Thai citizens died during the attack and more than thirty injured. No terrorist group claimed responsibility for the bombings by Tuesday. Some believe the blasts were caused by Muslim separatists. Bombings and shootings occur almost daily in Thailand’s three Southern-most provinces. Yala, Narathiwat and Pattani have long complained o f neglect and discrimination in the largely Buddhist nation, which have a dominant Muslim圣诞节前夕，泰国曼谷市发生了10 起炸弹袭击事件，这让平安夜的节日气氛烟消云散。
CET4英语四级考试全真预测试卷 第2套(完型)
Part V Cloze (15 minutes)To be a good teacher, you need some of the gifts of a good actor: you must be able to 62 the attention and interest of your students: you must be a 63 speaker, with a good, strong, 64 voice which is fully under your control: and you must be able to 65 what you are teaching in order to make its meaning clear. 66 a good teacher and you will see that he does not sit still 67 his class: he stands the whole time when he is teaching; he walks about, using his 68 , hands and fingers to help him in his explanations, and his face to express feelings. Listen to him, and you will 69 the loudness, the quality and the musical note of his voice always 70 according to what he is 71 about. The fact that a good teacher has some of the gifts of a good actor doesn't 72 that he will indeed be able to act 73 on the stage, for there are very important 74 between the teacher's work and the actor's. The actor has to speak words which he has learnt by heart' he has to repeat exactly the 75 words each time he plays a certain part; 76 his movements and the ways in which he uses his voice are usually 77 beforehand. What he has to do is to make all these carefully learnt words and actions seem 78 on the stage.A good teacher 79 in quite a different way. His students take his 80 : they ask and answer questions; they obey orders; and if they don't understand something, they will say so. The teacher therefore has to suit his act to the needs of his students. He cannot learn his part by heart, but must 81 it as he goes along.62. [A] pay [B] hold [C] give [D] know63. [A] clear [B] slow [C] quick [D] loud64. [A] frightening [B] exciting [C] fearing [D] pleasing65. [A] act [B] talk [C] say [D] repeat66. [A] Listen [B] Watch [C] Look [D] Observe67. [A] for [B] behind [C] before [D] with68. [A] tongue [B] words [C] sound [D] arms69. [A] hear [B] see [C] think [D] guess70. [A] making [B] changing [C] expressing [D] giving71. [A] talking [B] thinking [C] hearing [D] saying72. [A] tell [B] express [C] show [D] mean73. [A] good [B] badly [C] well [D] actively74. [A] things [B] differences [C] points [D] jobs75. [A] different [B] same [C] above [D] following76. [A] just [B] never [C] ever [D] even77. [A] read [B] known [C] fixed [D] written78. [A] natural [B] real [C] false [D] clear79. [A] is [B] has [C] works [D] teaches80. [A] group [B] party [C] class [D] play81. [A] invent [B] discover [C] teach [D] continuePart V Cloze62. B 词义辨析题。
英语四级考试预测试卷及答案二
Part Ⅰ Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled College Students on the Job Market. You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below.1.当今大学生面临着严重的就业压力2.这一现象的产生有多方面的原因3.解决的办法College Students on the Job Market_____________________________________________________________________________ Part I Writing【写作思路】本文是关于对某种社会现象的讨论，探讨其原因，并提供解决问题的方案。
毕业生就业压力大，是目前比较热门的话题，媒体、社会以及学生本人都会时不时的讨论，所以文章难度不是很大。
文章开篇提出就业压力大的问题，毕业生越来越多，而就业市场却保持稳定，两者之间的不平衡，导致毕业生面临越来越大的就业压力。
第二段讨论出现这种问题的原因。
第一方面，从宏观上来看，整个世界的经济危机影响了就业市场;第二方面，从学校招生来看，热门专业人数过多，结果供过于求，而冷门专业学生很少，结果供不应求。
第三段针对第二段的原因，探讨相应的解决方案。
从政府的角度出发，要尽可能的采取各种手段帮助经济恢复，帮助学生就业;从个人角度出发，要学会自主选择，不追潮流，学习自己感兴趣的，努力提高自身素质，增强竞争能力。
【参考范文】More and more graduates are going out of universities and entering into the society every year while the demand on the job market remains stable. The college students are facing greater and greater pressure in job-hunting.There are many reasons behind the current phenomenon. To begin with, the economy has been confronted with depression in recent years on a global level, and it takes time for the worldwide economy to recover. What's more, there is an element of irrationality in the enrollment of the campuses. Some hot majors have enrolled too many students, and many people compete for one position after graduation, whereas the majors with little attention have few students, and more graduates are needed than the campus can supply.The solution to this problem lies with both the government as a whole and the individual in specific. The government takes whatever measures possible to help the economy recover and to create more job opportunities for the applicants. And for the individual students, it is better to study what they are interested in and to gain experience through practice, thus better prepared for the society.Part ⅡReading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Will Electronic Medical Records Improve Health Care?Electronic health records (EHRs) have received a lot of attention since the Obama administration committed $19 billion in stimulus funds earlier this year to encourage hospitals and health care facilities to digitize patient data and make better use of information technology. The healthcare industry as a whole, however, has been slow to adopt information technology and integrate computer systems, raising the question of whether the push to digitize will result in information that empowers doctors to make better-informed decisions or a morass of disconnected data.The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) knows firsthand how difficult it is to achieve the former, and how easily an EHR plan can fall into the latter. UPMC has spent five years and more than $1 billion on information technology systems to get ahead of the EHR issue. While that is more than five times as much as recent estimates say it should cost a hospital system, UPMC is a mammoth network consisting of 20 hospitals as well as 400 doctors' offices, outpatient sites and long-term care facilities employing about 50,000 people.UPMC's early attempts to create a universal EHR system, such as its ambulatory electronic medical records rolled out between 2000 and 2005, were met with resistance as doctors, staff and other users either avoided using the new technology altogether or clung to individual, disconnected software and systems that UPMC's IT department had implemented over the years.On the mendAlthough UPMC began digitizing some of its records in 1996, the turning point in its efforts came in 2004 with the rollout of its eRecord system across the entire health care network. eRecord now contains more than 3.6 million electronic patient records, including images and CT scans, clinical laboratory information, radiology data, and a picture archival and communication system that digitizes images and makes them available on PCs. The EHR system has 29,000 users, including more than 5,000 physicians employed by or affiliated with UPMC.If UPMC makes EHR systems look easy, don't be fooled, cautions UPMC chief medical information officer Dan Martich, who says the health care network's IT systems require a "huge, ongoing effort" to ensure that those systems can communicate with one another. One of the main reasons is that UPMC, like many other health care organizations, uses a number of different vendors for its medical and IT systems, leaving the integration largely up to the IT staff.Since doctors typically do not want to change the way they work for the sake of a computer system, the success of an EHR program is dictated not only by the presence of the technology but also by how well the doctors are trained on, and use, the technology. Physicians need to see the benefits of using EHR systems both persistently and consistently, says Louis Baverso, chief information officer at UPMC's Magee-Women's Hospital. But these benefits might not be obvious at first, he says, adding, "What doctors see in the beginning is that they're losing their ability to work with paper documents, which has been so valuable to them up until now."Opportunities and costsGiven the lack of EHR adoption throughout the health care world, there are a lot of opportunities to get this right (or wrong). Less than 10 percent of U.S. hospitals have adopted electronic medical records even in the most basic way, according to a study authored by Ashish Jha, associate professor of health policy and management at Harvard School of Public Health. Only 1.5 percent have adopted a comprehensive system of electronic records that includes physicians' notes and orders and decision support systems that alert doctors of potential drug interactions or other problems that might result from their intended orders.Cost is the primary factor stalling EHR systems, followed by resistance from physicians unwilling to adopt new technologies and a lack of staff with adequate IT expertise, according to Jha. He indicated that a hospital could spend from $20 million to $200 million to implement an electronic record system over several years, depending on the size of the hospital. A typical doctor's office would cost an estimated $50,000 to outfit with an EHR system.The upside of EHR systems is more difficult to quantify. Although some estimates say that hospitals and doctor's offices could save as much as $100 million annually by moving to EHRs, the mere act of implementing the technology guarantees neither cost savings nor improvements in care, Jha said during a Harvard School of Public Health community forum on September 17. Another Harvard study of hospital computerization likewise determined that cutting costs and improving care through health IT as it exists today is "wishful thinking". This study was led by David Himmelstein, associate professor at Harvard Medical School.The cost of getting it wrongThe difference between the projected cost savings and the reality of the situation stems from the fact that the EHR technologies implemented to date have not been designed to save money or improve patient care, says Leonard D'Avolio, associate center director of Biomedical Informatics at the Massachusetts Veterans Epidemiology Research and Information Center (MAVERIC). Instead, EHRs are used to document individual patients' conditions, pass this information among clinicians treating those patients, justify financial reimbursement and serve as the legal records of events.This is because, if a health care facility has $1 million to spend, its managers are more likely to spend it on an expensive piece of lab equipment than on information technology, D'Avolio says, adding that the investment on lab equipment can be made up by charging patients access to it as a billable service. This is not the case for IT. Also, computers and networks used throughout hospitals and health care facilities are disconnected and often manufactured by different vendors without a standardized way of communicating. "Medical data is difficult to standardize because caring for patients is a complex process," he says. "We need to find some way of reaching across not just departments but entire hospitals. If you can't measure something, you can't improve it, and without access to this data, you can't measure it."To qualify for a piece of the $19 billion being offered through the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA), healthcare facilities will have to justifythe significance of their IT investments to ensure they are "meaningful users" of EHRs. The Department of Health and Human Services has yet to define what it considers meaningful useAggregating info to create knowledgeIdeally, in addition to providing doctors with basic information about their patients, databases of vital signs, images, laboratory values, medications, diseases, interventions, and patient demographic information could be mined for new knowledge, D'Avolio says. "With just a few of these databases networked together, the power to improve health care increases exponentially," D'Avolio suggested. "All that is missing is the collective realization that better health care requires access to better information—not automation of the status quo." Down the road, the addition of genomic information, environmental factors and family history to these databases will enable clinicians to begin to realize the potential of personalized medicine, he added.1. In America, it is slow to adopt information technology because —————.A) the funds invested by the government is not enough in the pastB) EHRs have received less attention of the public in the pastC) whether it will be useful to doctors or not is doubtfulD) UPMC knows how difficult it is to digitize the hospital2. The University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC) —————.A) is the first medical center to adopt information technologyB) satisfy the requirement of the government on information technologyC) spent less money on information technology than it was estimatedD) attempted to created a universal EHR system, but met some difficulties3. The health care network’s IT systems require a lot of effort to ensure it can communicate with one another mainly because —————..A) the integration among different system is largely up to the IT staffB) UPMC is like many other health care organizations in the United StatesC) UPMC makes EHR systems look easyD) UMPC began digitizing some of its records in 19964. The success of the EHR program is decided by —————..A) the fact whether the information technology is available or notB) the fact how well the doctors are trained to use the information technologyC) not only the presence of the technology but the doctor’s training on technologyD) the fact whether physicians can see the benefits of using EHR systems5. The most important reason of most hospitals being reluctant to adopt EHR system is that —————.A) the cost is too high for the hospital to affordB) physicians are unwilling to adopt itC) there is a lack of staff with adequate IT expertiseD) doctor worry about its negative influence on patients6. According to the study led by David Himmelstein through health IT —————.A) it is possible to cut the costs of the hospitalB) it is possible to improve the health careC) it ensure neither cost saving nor improvement in careD) it could save as much as $100 million annually7. The hospital’s managers prefer to —————.A) spend money on an expensive piece of equipment than on information technologyB) charge patients access to the information technology as a billable serviceC) purchase the information technology to improve the health care of the hospitalD) invest more money on the training of the physicians to charge patients more money8. Jha said the mere act of implementing the technology guarantees ______________________.9. D'Avolio says the investment on lab equipment can be made up by_____________________.10. Databases of vital signs, images, laboratory values, medications, diseases, interventions, and patient demographic information could be ____________________. Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)原文精译【1】给自己的事业买最好的保险消防队无意之中淹没了Mad Gab's的总部，Mad Gab's是Gabrielle Melchionda二十多年前建立的美容公司。
高校英语专业大学英语四级考试冲刺题及答案
高校英语专业大学英语四级考试冲刺题及答案在准备应对大学英语四级考试时，冲刺阶段的练习非常重要。
通过针对性的训练，提高自己的英语能力，对于取得好成绩至关重要。
本文将提供一系列大学英语四级考试冲刺题及答案，帮助同学们进行复习备考。
第一部分：听力理解听力理解是大学英语四级考试中的重要部分，也是很多同学备考时感到困难的一部分。
下面是一道典型的听力理解题及答案，供同学们进行练习。
题目：What does the woman mean?答案：She doesn't know where the man should go.解析：这道题目是一道典型的交际意义题。
我们听到女士说了一句"I don't know where you should go."通过听力，我们可以判断出答案是"She doesn't know where the man should go." 这道题目考察了听力理解中的交际意义。
第二部分：阅读理解阅读理解是大学英语四级考试中的另一个重要部分。
下面是一篇阅读理解文章以及相关问题的答案。
文章：Many ancient Chinese dishes are still popular today. One of them is Peking Duck. Peking Duck has been prepared since the imperial era and is famous for its thin and crispy skin. It is traditionally served with pancakes, cucumber, and a special sauce made from fermented soybeans. To cook Peking Duck, the chef must follow a specific process. First, the duck is cleaned and air is pumped into it to separate the skin from the fat. Then it is soaked in boiling water flavored with herbs. After that, it is hung up to dryfor several hours. Finally, it is roasted in an oven until the skin turns golden and crispy.题目：What is Peking Duck known for?答案：Its thin and crispy skin.解析：根据文章可知，Peking Duck是因其薄脆的皮而出名的。
大学英语四级考试模拟题二
大学英语四级考试模拟题二Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition on the topic Competition. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:1. 竞争使人们充满创造力，使人们更有效率。
2. 竞争促使生产出更好的产品和提供更优质的服务。
3. 竞争促进了社会的进一步发展。
CompetitionPart II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1.For questions 1-7, markY (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.EarthquakeCan Scientists Predict Killer Earthquakes?The date was November 23, 1980. People near Naples, in southern Italy, felt the Earth roll and shake. Earthquake! Suddenly buildings came tumbling down. Cracks appeared in the earth. Within minutes, entire towns were destroyed. Thousands of people were dead. Thousands more were injured.As rescuers searched through the rubble, many people must have wondered, of only the victims had known ahead of time, many lives could have been saved.Actually, an Italian scientist did predict that such a quake would happen. In 1977 Dr. M. Caputo of the Universite Degiles Studi in Rome warned that a large quake would soon strike the east of Naples. Unfortunately, he couldn’t predict the exact time and date of the quake.Dr. Caputo made his general prediction after talking with scientists at 54 earthquake monitoring stations throughout Italy. He learned that many earthquakes had recently rocked different areas around Naples. But none had occurred in one particular spot east of Naples for many years. Dr. Caputo felt that the area was long overdue for a large quake. And it was.Earthquake Strikes in GapThe quake occurred in a region that Dr. Caputo called a seismic gap. A seismic gap is an area in an active earthquake region where no earthquake or seismic activity has been recorded in a long time. Seismic gaps are located where two large plates in the Earth have become stuck.When the plates slide past each other, they sometimes became locked in place. A similar thing happens when you make a running leap on a sidewalk while wearing sneakers. When you land on both feet, the sneakers grab onto rough surface. Friction tends to hold your feet back while the rest of your body goes forward. You may end up falling flat on your face.In the case of plates, however, the uneven surfaces between the plates cause the plates to remain locked in place for years. Huge pressure builds up behind each plate. Periodically, a shudder, or tremor, is recorded as some of this energy is released.Finally, after about 50 years, rock in the seismic gap either suddenly breaks or moves under the great stress. This sudden release of energy sends shock waves through the rock layers above. The ground shakes, sidewalks crack, and buildings tumble. A mighty quake has struck.Gaps Used To Predict QuakesMany geologists have used what is called the seismic gap technique to accurately predict earthquakes. The technique was first developed by Soviet earthquake expert Dr. V. Fodotov during his studies of ancient and recent Japanese earthquakes. Dr. Fodotov was marking the location, size, and date of all known quakes in Japan when he noticed a striking pattern.All major earthquakes were found to occur in only a few isolated spots in Japan. Each of these spots, he noted, experienced a major quake only once every 50 to 60 years. Dr. Fodotov concluded that spots that hadn’t had a quake in more than 50 years were “ripe” for a quake. The Russian scientist named these locations seismic gaps.In the past several years, geologists from other countries have found seismic gaps in other parts of the world. After making detailed studies of past quakes in these regions, the geologists were able to make an accurate prediction of when a quake would occur.How Do Animals Know When an Earthquake Is Coming?Scientists who try to predict earthquakes have gotten some new helpers recently—animals. That’s right, animals. Scientists have begun to catch on to what farmers have known for thousands of years. Animals often seem to know in advance that an earthquake is coming, and they show their fear by acting in strange ways. Before a Chinese quake in 1975, snakes awoke from their winter sleep early only to freeze to death in the cold air. Cows broke their halters and tried to escape. Chickens refused to enter their coop. All of this unusual behavior, as well as physical changes in the earth, alerted Chinese scientists to the coming quake. They moved people away from the danger zone and saved thousands of lives.One task for scientists today is to learn exactly which types of animal behavior predict quakes. It’s not an easy job. First of all not every animal reacts to the danger of an earthquake. Just before a California quake in 1977, for example, an Arabian stallion became very nervous and tried to break out of his stall. The horse next to him, however, remained perfectly calm. It’s also difficult at times to tell the difference between normal animal restlessness and “earthquake nerves”. A zoo keeper once called earthquake researchers to say that his cougar had been acting strangely. It turned out that the cat had an upset stomach.A second task for scientists is to find out exactly what kind of warnings the animals receive. They know that animals sense far more of the world than humans do. Many animals can see, hear, and smell things that people do not even notice. Some can detect tiny changes in air pressure, gravity, or the magnetism of Earth. This extra sense probably helps animals predict quakes.A good example of this occurred with a group of dogs. They were penned up in an area that was being shaken by a series of tiny earthquakes. (Several small quakes often come before or after a large one.) Before each quake a low booming sound was heard. Each boom caused the dogs to bark wildly. Then the dogs began to bark during a silent period. A scientist who was recording tile quakes looked at his machine. It was acting as though there were a loud noise too. The scientist realized that the dogs had reacted to a booming noise. They also sensed the tiny quake that followed it. The machine recorded both, though humans felt and heard nothing.In this case there was a machine to monitor what the dogs were sensing. Many times, however, our machines record nothing out of the ordinary, even though animals know a quake iscoming. The animals might be sensing something we so measure but do not recognize as a warning. Discovering what animals sense, and learning how they know it is a danger signal, is a job for future scientists.1.Since no one had predicted the precise date of the earthquake striking east of Naples, people there suffered heavy loss in the destruction.2.A seismic gap is located at the junction of two interlocking plates in the Earth, and where no seismic activity has been recorded for a long time.3.From the passage we learn that a regular striking pattern can be found in an active earthquake region.4.During an earthquake in China 1975, cows broke their halters and ran away from their sheds.5.As it is used in Paragraph 13, the word “cat”refers to a typical domestic cat.6.All animals but men can notice tiny changed in air pressure, gravity, or the magnetism of Earth.7.The dogs mentioned in Paragraph 15 had sensed both the low booms and the minor quakes following them.1. [Y][N][NG]2.[Y][N][NG]3.[Y][N][NG]4. [Y][N][NG]5.[Y][N][NG]6.[Y][N][NG]7. [Y][N][NG]8.Dr. Caputo based his prediction upon the fact that lots of earthquakes had recently occurred in all areas around Naples but its___________.9.According to the author’s information, every 50 years or so, a mighty earthquake will be recorded at___________________.10.Chinese scientists evacuated people from_____________after they had noticed the strange behavior of some animals as well as physical changes in the earth.Part ⅣReading Comprehension (Reading in Depth)(25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.What is it about Americans and food? We love to eat, but we feel 47 about it afterward. We say we want only the best, but we strangely enjoy junk food. We’re 48 with health and weight loss but face an unprecedented epidemic of obesity. Perhaps the49to this ambivalence lies in our history. The first Europeans came to this continent searching for new spices but went in vain. The first cash crop wasn’t eaten but smoked. Then there was Prohibition, intended to prohibit drinking but actually encouraging more 50 ways of doing it.The immigrant experience, too, has been one of in harmony. Do as Romans do means eating what “real Americans”eat, but our nation’s food has come to be 51 by imports-pizza, say, or hotdogs. And some of the country’s most treasured cooking comes from people who arrived here in shackles.Perhaps it should come as no surprise then that food has been a medium for the nation’s defining struggles, whether at the Boston Tea Party or the sit-ins at southern lunch counters. It is integral to our concepts of health and even morality whether one refrains from alcohol for religious reasons or evades meat for political 52.But strong opinions have not brought 53. Americans are ambivalent about what they put in their mouths. We have become 54of our foods, especially as we learn more about what they contain.The 55 in food is still prosperous in the American consciousness. It’s no coincidence, then, that the first Thanksgiving holds the American imagination in such bondage(束缚).It’s what we eat—and how we 56 it with friends.[A]answer [B]result [C]share [D]guilty [E]constant [F]defined [G]vanish [H]adapted [I]creative [J]belief [K]suspicious [L]certainty [M]obsessed [N]identify [O]idealsSection BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C]and [D].You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.It is not often realized that women held a high place in southern European societies in the 10th and 11th centuries. As a wife, the woman was protected by the setting up of a dowry (嫁妆). Admittedly, the purpose of this was to protect her against the risk of desertion, but in reality its function in the social and family life of the time was much more important. The dowry was the wife’s right to receive a tenth of all her husband’s property. The wife had the right to with hold consent, in all transactions the husband would make, and more than just a right; the documents show that she enjoyed a real power of decision, equal to that of her husband. In no case do the documents indicate any degree of difference in the legal status of husband and wife.The wife shared in the management of her husband’s personal property, but the opposite was not always true. Women seemed perfectly prepared to defend their own inheritance against husbands who tried to exceed their rights, and on occasion they showed a fine fighting spirit. A case in point is that of Maria Vivas. Having agreed with her husband Miro to sell a field she had inherited, for the needs of the household, she insisted on compensation. None being offered, she succeeded in dragging her husband to the scribe to have a contract duly drawn up assigning her a piece of land from Miro’s personal inheritance. The unfortunate husband was obliged to agree, as the contract says, “for the sake of peace.” Either through the dowry or through being hot-tempered, the wife knew how to win herself, with the context of the family, a powerful economic position.57.Originally, the purpose of a dowry is to_________.[A]give a woman the right to receive all her husband’s property[B]help a woman to enjoy a higher position in the family[C]protect a woman against the risk of desertion[D]both A and C58.According to the passage, the legal status of the wife in marriage was__________.[A]higher than that of a single woman[B]higher than that of her husband[C]lower than that of her husband[D]the same as that of her husband59. Why does the author give us the example of Maria Vivas?[A]To show that the wife shared in the management of her husband s personal property.[B]To show that the wife can defend her own inheritance.[C]To prove that women have powerful position.[D]To illustrate how women win her property.60.The compensation Maria Vivas got for the field is____________.[A]some of the land Miro had inherited[B]a tenth of Miro’s land[C]money for household expenses[D]money form Miro’s inheritance61. The author’s attitude towards Maria Vivas is_____________.[A]sympathetic[B]disapproval [C]indifferent [D]objectivePassage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.According to sociologists, there are several different ways in which a person may become recognized as the leader of a social group. In the family, traditional cultural patterns confer leadership on one or both of the parents. In other cases, such as friendship groups, one or more persons may gradually emerge as leaders, although there is no formal process of selection. In larger groups, leaders are usually chosen formally through election or recruitment.Although leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal ability, decades of research have failed to produce consistent evidence that there is any category of “natural leaders”. It seems that there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have in common; rather, virtually any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has qualities that meet the needs of that particular group.Research suggests that there are typically two different leadership roles that are held by different individuals. Instrumental leadership is leadership that emphasizes the completion of tasks by a social group. Group members look to instrumental leaders to “get things done”. Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership that emphasizes the collective well-beings of a social group’s members. Expressive leaders are less concerned with the overall goals of the group than with providing emotional support to group members and attempting to minimize tension andconflict among them.Instrumental leaders are likely to have a rather secondary relationship to other group members. They give others and may discipline group members who inhibit attainment of the groups goals. Expressive leaders cultivate a more personal or primary relationship to others in the group. They offer sympathy when someone experiences difficulties and try to resolve issues that threaten to divide the group. As the difference in these two roles suggest, expressive leaders generally receive more personal affection from group members; instrumental leaders, if they are successful in promoting group goals, may enjoy a more distant respect.62. What does the passage mainly discuss?[A]The problems faced by leaders.[B]How leadership differs in small and large groups.[C]How social groups determine who will lead them.[D]The role of leaders in social groups.63.The passage mentions all of the following ways by which people can become leaders EXCEPT_____________.[A]recruitment[B]formal election process[C]specific leadership training[D]traditional cultural patterns64. Which of the following statements about leadership can be inferred from Paragraph 2?[A]A person who is an effective leader of a particular group may not be an effective leader in another group.[B]Few people succeed in sharing a leadership role with another person.[C]A person can best learn how to be an effective leader by studying research on leadership.[D]Most people desire to be leaders but can produce little evidence of their qualifications.65. In mentioning “natural leaders”in Line 7, the author is making the point that____________.[A]few people qualify as “natural leaders”[B]there is no proof that “natural leaders”exist[C]“natural leaders”are easily accepted by the members of a group[D]“natural leaders”share a similar set of characteristics66. The passage indicates that instrumental leaders generally focus on___________.[A]ensuring harmonious relationships[B]sharing responsibility with group members[C]identifying new leaders[D]achieving a goalPart ⅤCloze (15 minutes)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C]and [D]on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that bestfits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.If you were to begin a new job tomorrow, you would bring with you some basic strengths and weaknesses. Success or 67 in your work would depend, to 68 great extent, 69 your ability to use your strengths and weaknesses to the best advantage. 70 the utmost importance is your attitude. A person 71 begins a job convinced that he isn’t going to like it or is 72 that he is going to ail is exhibiting a weakness which can only hinder his success. On the other hand, a person who is secure 73 his belief that he is probably as capable 74 doing the work as anyone else and who is willing to make a cheerful attempt 75 it possesses a certain strength of purpose. The chances are that he will do well. 76 the prerequisite skills for a particular job is strength. Lacking those skills is obviously a weakness. A book keeper who can’t add or a carpenter who can’t cut a straight line with a saw 77 hopeless cases. This book has been designed to help you capitalize 78 the strength and overcome the 79 that you bring to the job of learning. But for your development, you must first 80 stock of where you stand now. 81 we get further along in the book, we’ll be 82 in some detail with specific processes for developing and strengthening 83 skills. However, 84 begin with, you should pause 85 examine your present strengths and weaknesses in three areas that are critical to your success or failure in school: your 86, your reading and communication skills, and your study habits.67. [A]improvement [B]victory [C]failure [D]achievement68. [A]a [B]the [C]some [D]certain69. [A]in [B]on [C]of [D]to70. [A]Out of [B]Of [C]To [D]Into71.[A]who [B]what [C]how [D]which72.[A]ensure [B]certain [C]sure [D]surely73.[A]onto [B]on [C]off [D]in74.[A]to [B]at [C]of [D]for75.[A]near [B]on [C]by [D]at76. [A]Have [B]Had [C]Having [D]Had been77.[A]being [B]been [C]are [D]is78. [A]except [B]but [C]for [D]on79.[A]idea [B]weakness [C]strength [D]advantage80.[A]make [B]take [C]do [D]give81. [A]As [B]Till [C]Over [D]Out82.[A]deal [B]dealt [C]be dealt [D]dealing83.[A]learnt [B]learned [C]learning [D]learn84.[A]around [B]to [C]from [D]beside85. [A]to [B]onto [C]into [D]with86.[A]intelligence [B]work [C]attitude [D]weaknessPart ⅥTranslation (5 minutes)Direction: Complete the sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.87. I should say Henry is______________(与其说是个作家不如说是) as a reporter.88.In the Chinese household, grandparents and other relatives______________(起着不可缺少的作用) in raising children.89. Mr. Johnson made full preparation for the experiment____________________(以便实验能顺利进行).90. Prices are going up rapidly. Petrol now __________________________(价格是几年前的两倍).91. How close parents are to their children __________________(有很强的影响) the character of the children.。
公共英语考试PETS-4考前冲刺题(2)
A report consistently brought back by visitors to the US is how friendly, courteous and helpful most Americans were to them. To be fair, this observation is also frequently made of Canada and Canadians, and should best be considered North American. There are, of course, exceptions. Small-minded officials, rude waiters, and ill-mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the US. Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment. For a long period of time and in many parts of the country, a traveler was a welcome break in an otherwise dull existence. Dullness and loneliness were common problems of the families who generally lived distant from one another. Strangers and travelers were welcome sources of diversion, and brought news of the outside world. The harsh realities of the frontier also shaped this tradition of hospitality. Someone traveling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had nowhere to turn except to the nearest cabin or settlement. It was not a matter of choice for the traveler or merely a charitable impulse on the part of the settlers. It reflected the harshness of daily life: if you didn’t take in the stranger and take care of him, there was no one else who would. And someday, remember, you might be in the same situation. Today there are many charitable organizations which specialize in helping the weary traveler. Yet, the old tradition of hospitality to strangers is still very strong in the US, especially in the smaller cities and towns away from the busy tourist trails. "I was just traveling through, got talking with this American, and pretty soon he invited me home for dinner-amazing." Such observations reported by visitors to the US are not uncommon, but are not always understood properly. The casual friendliness of many Americans should be interpreted neither as superficial nor as artificial, but as the result of a historically developed cultural tradition. As is true of any developed society, in America a complex set of cultural signals, assumptions, and conventions underlies all social interrelationships. And, of course, speaking a language does not necessarily mean that someone understands social and cultural patterns. Visitors who fail to "translate" cultural meanings properly often draw wrong conclusions. For example, when an American uses the word "friend", the cultural implications of the word may be quite different from those it has in the visitor’s language and culture. It takes more than a brief encounter on a bus to distinguish between courteous convention and individual interest. Yet, being friendly is a virtue that many Americans value highly and expect from both neighbors and strangers.1、In the eyes of visitors from the outside world, ___________.A. rude taxi drivers are rarely seen in the USB. small-minded officials deserve a serious commentC. Canadians are not so friendly as their neighborsD. most Americans are ready to offer help(【正确答案】D2、It could be inferred from the last paragraph that ___________.A. culture exercises an influence over social interrelationshipB. courteous convention and individual interest are interrelatedC. various virtues manifest themselves exclusively among friendsD. social interrelationships equal the complex set of cultural conventions(【正确答案】A3、Families in frontier settlements used to entertain strangers ___________.A. to improve their hard lifeB. in view of their long-distance travelC. to add some flavor to their own daily lifeD. out of a charitable impulse(【正确答案】C4、The tradition of hospitality to strangers ___________.A. tends to be superficial and artificialB. is generally well kept up in the united StatesC. is always understood properlyD. has something to do with the busy tourist trails(【正确答案】B5、What’s the author’s attitudes toward the American’s friendliness?A. Favorable.B. Unfavorable.C. Indifferent.D. Neutral.(【正确答案】AAlthough many governments try to convince their respective subjects that atomic energy is an acceptable alternative _1__ the burning of fossil fuels,no government has taken the least trouble to explain the dangers.Maybe they are __2_ them.__3_ the reason,the public must learn by experience,even though this _4__ may be catastrophic.While it is true that nuclear reactors do not produce visible smoke,it is certainly not __5_ that they do not pollute.And the pollution they produce is much more insidious precisely because it is __6_.__7_ inconvenient it may be for governments to publish all the facts,they have no moral excuse for not doing so,__8_ they think they are acting in our best interest.At least some of the facts are known,even though they are not widely reported.Nuclear reactors produce radioactive water and gases in vast _9__.What __10_ all this waste?It is __11_ concrete tanks and stored on tank farms.It is __12_ in disused salt mines.It is run into fractured rock.It is buried.It is __13_ about in special trains.But even when dumped,it has to be kept __14_ by sprinklers to stop it from boiling.And the contents of the tanks are,of course,extremely corrosive.The efforts of a fracture in the tank or a failure of the cooling system would be _15__.While every effort is made to _16__ that radioactive wastes do not excape into the sea or _17__ supplies of drinking water,such a leakage would be too horrible __18_ contemplate.But even then ,governments would presumably continue to belittle the hazards.It seems that __19_ governments can get away with not telling the truth,they will continue to keep silent.Nevertheless the people _20__ to know the full facts.Do you know what happens to the radioactive waste in your country?No?Well—find out!1) A for B with C to D instead of2) A unaware of B aware of C unaware from D aware from3) A however B whatever C whenever D wherever4) A experiment B government C danger D experience6) A visible B invisible C disvisible D unvisible5) A unture B unreal C true D distrue7) A however B whatever C whenever D wherever8) A even B if even C if D even if9) A numbers B quality C quantities D degree10) A happens to B happen to C happened to D happening to11) A put down B put into C put up D puto onto12) A stored B storing C being stored D to be stored13) A transporting B transport C being transported D transported14) A hot B cooled C cool D to cool15) A disaster B danger C a disaster D disastrous16) A reassure B ensure C convince D assure17) A in front of B behind C forward D into18) A against B that C to D too19) A as long as B as well as C as good as D as smart as20) A has a right B with a right C having a right D have a right 答案:1--5 CABDC 6--10 BADCA11--15 BADCD 16--20 BDCAD。
四级冲刺试题2
四级冲刺试题2冲刺试题二Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Shopping Online. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below.1. 目前网上购物很流行2. 网上购物有利有弊3. 作为大学生我的看法Shopping Online________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)(15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.Six Ways to Remove Stress at the Dinner TableWhat’s your dinnertime like? Maybe “dinner” consists of cold takeaway food, eaten alone in front of the TVwhile you surf the Internet and answer e-mail. Or perhaps the eat-and-run dinners you share with your spouse or part ner barely leave you time to say “hello” and “goodbye” to each other.While the dinner hour once represented a calm shelter from the day’s storm, today it’s often anything but relaxin g.“We’re hurried; we’ve turned up the volume of our lives to such a high number that we often can’t even see how stressed we are. And we almost never see how we bring that stress to the dinner table, a place where traditionally we sought relaxation and co mfort,” says Mimi Donaldson, a stress and time management expert.Recent research at Columbia University found that children who regularly had dinner with their families are less likely to abuse drugs or alcohol, and more likely to do better in school. In fact, studies show the best-adjusted children are those who eatwith an adult at least five times a week. Many studies support the importance of family mealtime in decreasing the incidence of teens who smoke, drink alcohol, participate in sex at a young age, start fights, get suspended from school, or commit suicide.And kids a ren’t the only ones who benefit from a peaceful mealtime. Couples as well as singles benefit when mealtime is a relaxing experience.It’s not only better for the soul and spirit to d ine quietly and slowly —even if you’re alone —but it’s also good for the digestion. Of course, knowing we should relax at dinnertime is one thing; actually doing it is something else. To help you get started, six guidelines for creating a mealtime experience which everyone will look forward to are as follows.1. Turn down the volume.Nothing brings down the stress level like turning down the volume of your environment.That means no cell phones, no TV, and no radios blaring in the background, and it means not answering the phone during mealtime.Let each family member contribute suggestions about what to play, or let a different person pick the soft background music for each meal. A good family project is creating an hour of dinner music that includes every one’s favorite tunes.2. Set the table to set the mood.While you may not want to pull out the good china for every meal, a brightly colored tablecloth is a simple way to give a special look and feel even to your old kitchen plates. It’s best to make any table setting seem more relaxing, even when the plates don’t match. In addition, buy an inexpensive bouquet of fresh flowers for the table. It doesn’t have to be delicate, but it sendsthe message that dinner is special and we are, too.3. Let there be (soft) light.Dimming the lighting in the room and adding some candles on the dinner table can go a long way in lowering everyone’s stress level.Candles also traditionally mark an occasion, so lighting them at the dinner table is a way of saying “This meal is special —we’re special.” If you have young children, try using one larg e candle set in a weighted base to ensure it doesn’t fall over. You can also turn lighting the candle into part of the dinner ritual —something that signals the start of a meal — and let a different child do the lighting each time.4. Control the conversation.Too often, we see dinner with our partner or family as an opportunity for complaint. This can be particularly true for parents, who may turn the dinner hour into a discipline hour, often because they feel it’s the only time they have their child’s at tention.To avoid this, you can establish a few ground rules for dinnertime conversation. Be positive and postpone negative comments for another time. Avoid lecturing and scolding, and instead reward good manners and good behavior with positive comments.F urthermore, don’t use mealtime to discuss the “honey-do” list, your medical problems, or why you hate your boss, or your mother. Instead, prompt engaging conversation by discussing the highlights of your day, or by planning a fantasy vacation —discussing where you’d go if you could go anywhere in the world.Make it a time that centers on the positive things thathappened that week or that day. It’s the time to tell your spouse or your children, or both, that what they did that week or that day made you really proud.5. Keep cool in the kitchen.The table can look great, the music may be delightful, the food might smell terrific, but if the cook is irritated, those at the table will be irritated as well.When you get home, take a few minutes before heading into the kitchen. Take a deep breath, and whether you have 30 seconds or 30 minutes, try to put the day behind you. It helps to get as many dinner-related tasks done ahead of time as you can. Wash the vegetables for salads the night before. The less you have to do at mealtime, the more relaxed you will be and the more relaxed your family will feel.6. Keep it real.While it would be great if you could make every meal a shelter from th e storm, realistically, there are days when that’s just not going to happen.Family meals do not have to take place every night, nor do they need extensive planning. To make relaxingmeals a reality, schedule them on your calendar. And remember, that dinne rtime isn’t the only time you can have a special meal. If breakfast is easier to plan than a dinner meal, make a commitment to gather in the morning several times a week.It’s the sharing and the bonding —not the food —that matter most.1. According to Mimi Donaldson, dinner is no longer comfortable now because ________.[A] dinnertime lasts much shorter than ever before[B] we prefer to talk about stress when having dinner[C] we are too stressed to enjoy relaxation and comfort[D] we often eat cold takeaway food alone at home2. Research at Colombia University showed that kids who rarely have dinner with their families are ________.[A] less likely to pick up bad habits[B] more likely to do worse at school[C] less likely to abuse drugs or alcohol[D] more likely to experience relaxation3. Relaxing at dinnertime according to the passage is something that ________.[A] cannot be done[B] is much easier done[C] benefit kids but adults[D] is easier said than done4. Setting bouquet of fresh flowers for the table can convey the message that ________.[A] not only is the dinner but we are special[B] someone in the family have a birthday party[C] fresh flowers make up for the old kitchen plates and tablecloth[D] fresh flowers give a special look to each family member5. According to the passage, soft light at dinnertime can ________.[A] help people remove stress[B] add to romantic atmosphere[C] lead to childhood memory[D] help people relieve stress6. It is suggested that conversation at mealtime should be centered on ________.[A] having the children’s attention[B] complaining, disciplining, and scolding[C] something that was positive and made you proud[D] postponing negative comments for another time7. According to the passage, a real mealtime is ________.[A] a family mealtime with expensive planning[B] a relaxing family mealtime sometimes[C] a family mealtime every night[D] a special family dinnertime8. Dinnertime can be cheerful and relaxing when people talk about positive things instead of____________________.9. Dinners can’t be wonderful unless the cook frees himself or herself ____________________.10. What is more important to the family members is not the food itself but ____________________.Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D], and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.11. [A] A class reunion.[B] A birthday party.[C] A retirement party.[D] A faculty reception.12. [A] Because he doesn’t write well enough.[B] Because he is not a professional writer.[C] Because he has no professional experience.[D] Because he didn’t perform well in the interview.13. [A] Jazz.[B] Rock and roll.[C] Classical music.[D] Country music.14. [A] The woman has trouble getting along with the professor.[B] The woman regrets having taken up much of the professor’s time.[C] The woman knows the professor has been busy.[D] The woman knows the professor has run into trouble.15. [A] In a library.[B] In an elevator.[C] In a hospital.[D] At a railway station.16. [A] He doesn’t always listen.[B] He has an ear infection.[C] He’s never missed a meeting.[D] He had to attend another meeting.17. [A] He is a rather tedious person.[B] He has just left the hospital.[C] He doesn’t have a healthy diet.[D] He is a better cook than the woman.18. [A] The cause of the flood.[B] The effects of the flood.[C] Floods of the past twenty years.[D] The heroic fight against a flood.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. [A] T o ask for help finding a job.[B] To ask him to give her some advice.[C] To invite him to go shopping with her later.[D] To find out what he’s doing during the summer.20. [A] Because she might get a good job later.[B] Because she could stay at a hotel at a discount.[C] Because she might be able to get course credits for her work.[D] Because it would give her a chance to make a lot of money immediately.21. [A] Its strictness about punctuality.[B] Its long-hour work.[C] Its expensive rent.[D] Its lower pay.22. [A] Visit the hotel.[B] Work in the clothing store.[C] Continue her job search for a while.[D] Make extra money while taking classes.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. [A] A project about an actress.[B] A project about a movie director.[C] A project about a movie.[D] A project about Europe.24. [A] Going to the cinema.[B] Conducting an opinion poll.[C] Doing an Internet search.[D] Reading a magazine.25. [A] Her mother.[B] An actress.[C] Her roommate.[D] Her classmate.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. [A] Because many parties ask people to do this.[B] Because you can show it to others at the party.[C] Because shy people like to write instead of speaking.[D] Because it can help you in case you don’t know what to say to others.27. [A] Take a deep breath and try to forget your nervousness.[B] Draw back from the group and try to calm down.[C] Look for the people who are also nervous.[D] Step forward and speak to others.28. [A] They are extremely confident.[B] They also feel shy sometimes.[C] They can get over shyness completely.[D] They cannot face the cameras and the public.Passage TwoQuestions 29 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.29. [A] The influence of television.[B] The troubles within the film industry.[C] The need to bring back the large studios.[D] The benefits of a dramatic arts education.30. [A] Increased theater size.[B] Excess production.[C] A reduced market.[D] Reduced loan guarantors.31. [A] The lack of talent.[B] The introduction of television.[C] The distances between the theaters.[D] The changes in studio management.32. [A] The television was introduced.[B] Ticket prices were increased.[C] The finance companies declined.[D] More than half of staff were dismissed.Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33. [A] Mainly because she has been Queen for many years.[B] Mainly because she has a less upper-class accent now.[C] Mainly because her speeches are familiar to many people.[D] Mainly because her speeches have been recorded for 50 years.34. [A] Dutay.[B] Citee.[C] Hame.[D] Lorst.35. [A] The changes in a person’s accent.[B] The Queen’s Christmas speeches on TV.[C] The recent development of the English language.[D] The relationship between accents and social classes.Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.We generally view the family as being one of our most stable institutions; yet, our family system has (36) _________a number of changes in the past. Two hundred years ago, marriages were often arranged by parents, with economic(37) _________ being the most important factor of who married whom. Two hundred years ago, divorce was (38) _________; now, more than one out of three marriages are in (39) _________. Two hundred years ago, women did not work out of the home, and children were an economic (40) _________; now nearly 50 percent of married women work outside the home, and children are a (41) _________ responsibility.In our (42) _________ society, the family is now changing even more rapidly than it did in the past. In (43) _________ the future of the American family, some authorities foresee the family as racing toward extinction. They say that (44) ____________________________________________________________________ ______________,and this will be its only function.Family optim ists, on the other hand, predict the family’sentering a Golden Age —an era where (45) ____________________________________________________________________ ______________. Most sociologists, however, do not agree with either the pessimists or the optimists; instead, (46) ____________________________________________________________________ ______________, many of which will probably be thrown away, but some are likely to be found satisfying and functional and gradually becoming “typical”.Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Y ou may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 47 to 56 are based on the following passage.Distance learning has moved far away from the traditional correspondence course, aimed at the individual student working 47 . The global reach of the Internet makes it possible to 48 geographically-scattered students in a 49 classroom. Methods such as multimedia, video-conferencing and the Internet will 50 allow students both to proceed at their own pace, and to interact with one another and their teachers.Even without taking the technology to its limits, the idea of education as a lifelong process is catching on throughout the 51 world. Already, working adults who pursue their studies part-time make up roughly half of students taking college courses in theUnited States.However, there is 52 in scholarly circles about how far the new technology should be used for teaching academic subjects in which personal contacts between teacher and students are still vital. Britain’s Open University, for example, a world leader in distance education, has embraced information technology 53 , believing it to be no 54 for books and the exchange of ideas at live tutorials and summer schools.But the Open University is also moving with the tide. It has set up a “knowledge media institute” to explore ways of adopting information technology. Some teachers are concerned about this trend, arguing that the heavyinvestment that students are 55 to make in computer and communications equipment 56 the concept of “open”. Cost, of course, is an important factor in many developing countries, where few people have comput ers or even phones. Rather than uniting the world, the new technologies could lead to societies of information haves and have-nots.Section BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.The word conservation has a thrifty meaning. To conserve is to save and protect, to leave what we ourselves enjoy in such good condition that others may also share the enjoyment. Our forefathers had no idea that human population would increase faster than the supplies of raw materials; most of them, even until very recently, had the foolish idea that the treasures were “limitless” and “inexhaustible”. Most of the citizens of earlier generations knew little or nothing about the complicated and delicate system that runs all through nature, and which means that, as in living body, an unhealthy condition of one part will sooner or later be harmful to all the others.Fifty years ago nature study was not part of the school work; scientific forestry was a new idea; timber was still cheap because it could be brought in any quantity from distant woodlands; soil destruction and river floods were not national problems; nobody had yet studied long-term climatic cycles in relation to proper land use; even the word “conservation” had nothing of the m eaning that it has of us today.For the sake of ourselves and those who will come after us, we must now set about repairing the mistakes of our forefathers. Conserva tion should, therefore, be made a part of everyone’s daily life. To know about the water table in the ground is just as important to us as a knowledge of the basic arithmetic formulas. We need to know why all watersheds (流域) need the protection of plant life and why the running current of streams and rivers must be made to yield their full benefit to the soil before they finally escape to the sea. We need to be taught the duty of plantingtrees as well as of cutting them. We need to know theimportance of big, mature trees, because living space for most of man’s fellow creatures on this planet is figured not only in square measure of surface but also in cubic volume above the earth. In brief, it should be our goal to restore as much of the original beauty of nature as we can.57. According to the author, the greatest mistake of our forefathers was that _______.[A] they had no idea of scientific forestry[B] they were not aware of the significance of nature study[C] they had little or no sense of environmental protection[D] they had no idea of how to make good use of raw materials58. It can be inferred from the third paragraph that earlier generation didn’t realize _______.[A] the importance of the proper use of land[B] the interdependence of water, soil, and living things[C] the value of the beauty of nature[D] the harmfulness of soil destruction and river floods59. To avoid the mistakes of our forefathers, the author suggests that _______.[A] we plant more trees[B] we return to nature[C] natural sciences be taught to everybody[D] environmental education be directed to everyone60. What does the author imply by saying “living space...also in cubic volume above the earth” (Lines 7-9, Para. 3)?[A] We need to take some measures to protect space.[B] We must preserve good living conditions for both birds and land animals.[C] Our living space should be measured in cubic volume.[D] Our living space on the earth is getting smaller and smaller.61. The author’s attitude towards the current situation in the exploitation of natural resources is _______.[A] critical [B] neutral [C] positive [D] suspiciousPassage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.Even before historian Joseph Ellis became a best-selling author, he was famous for his vivid lectures. In his popular courses at Mount Holyoke College in Massachusetts, he would often make classroom discussion lively by describing his own combat experience in Vietnam. But as Ellis’s reputation grew —his books on the FoundingFathers have won both the prestigious National Book Award and the Pulitzer Prize — the history professor began to entertain local and national reporters with his memories of war. Last year, after The Boston Globe carried accounts of Ellis’s experience in the Vietnam war, someone who knew the truth about Ellis dropped a dime (揭发). Last week The Boston Globe revealed that Ellis, famous for explaining the nation’s history, had some explaining to do about his own past.“Even in the best of lives, mistakes are made,” said a wretched Ellis. It turned out that while the distinguish ed historian had served in the Army, he’d spent his war years not in the jungles of Southeast Asia, but teaching history at West Point. He’d also overstated his role in the antiwar movement and even his high-school athletic records. His admission shocked colleagues, fellow historians and students who wondered why someone so accomplished would beautify his past. But it seems that success and truthfulness don’t always go hand in hand.Even among the distinguished achievers, security experts say, one in ten is deceiving — indulging in everything from empty boasting to more serious offenses such as plagiarism(剽窃), fictionalizing military records, making up false academic certificates or worse. “And, oddly, pr ominent people who beautify the past often do so once they’re famous”, says Ernest Brod of Kroll Associates, which has conducted thousands of background checks. Says Brod: “It’s not like they use these lies to climb the ladder.”Then what makes them do it? Psychologists say some people succeed, at least in part, because they are uniquely adjusted to the expectations of others. And no matter how well-known, those people can be haunted by a sense of their own shortcomings. “From outside, these people look anything but fragile,” says Dennis Shulman, a New York p sychoanalyst. “But inside, they feel hollow, empty.”62. What is said about Ellis in the first paragraph?[A] He was more famous when he taught at Mount Holyoke College.[B] He has told both students and reporters about his own experience of war.[C] His book on the Vietnam War has won two important prizes.[D] He has written a best-seller for a newspaper —The Boston Globe.63. It is not revealed by the passage that Ellis lied about _______.[A] his role in the antiwar movement[B] his athletic records in high school[C] his family background[D] his own war experience inVietnam64. By “success and truthfulness don’t always go hand in hand” (Line 6, Para. 2), the author means _______.[A] all the successful people are liars[B] once people become famous, they start lying[C] distinguished people tend to lie about their military experience[D] sometimes even a prominent man may lie about his achievements65. What does Ernest Brod mean by “climb the ladder”?[A] To go further in beautifying one’s past.[B] To become more successful.[C] To cover one’s serious offenses.[D] To inquire into one’s background.66. What does Dennis Shulman say about successful people who lie about themselves?[A] They feel weak in their hearts.[B] They have no sense of their shortcomings.[C] They take pride in their weaknesses.[D] They look weak to other people.Part V Cloze (15 minutes) Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D] on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.The normal human daily cycle of activity is of some 7-8 hours. Sleep alternation with some 16-17 hours 67 and that the sleep normally coincides 68 the hours of darkness. Our present 69 is with how easily and to what extent this 70 can be modified.The question is no mere academic one. The case with which people can change from working in the day to working at night is a 71 of growing importance in industry where automation 72 for round-the-clock working of machines. It normally 73 from five days to one week for a person to adapt to a 74 routine of sleep and wakefulness, sleeping during the day and working at night.75 , it is often the case in industry 67. [A] weakness [B] fairness[C] wakefulness [D] goodness68. [A] in [B] with [C] of [D] over69. [A] care [B] attention[C] intention [D] concern70. [A] cycle [B] period [C] circle [D] round71. [A] problem [B] difficulty[C] trouble [D] matter72. [A] asks [B] invites [C] calls [D] reacts73. [A] takes [B] spends [C] demands [D] asks74. [A] former [B] returned[C] reversed [D] regular75. [A] Therefore [B] Unfortunatelythat 76 are changed every week. This means that no sooner has he got used to one routine 77 he has to change to another, 78 that much of his time is spent 79 working nor sleeping very 80 .One answer would seem to be 81 periods on each shift, a month, or even three months. 82 , recent research has shown that people on such systems will revert to go back to their 83 habits of sleep and wakefulness during the weekend and that this is quite enough to destroy any 84 to night work built up during the week. The only real solution appears to be to hand 85 the night shift to those permanent night workers whose 86 may persist。
2016年12月cet4考试考前冲刺模拟试卷（2）
2016年12月cet4考试考前冲刺模拟试卷（2）Part Ⅲ Vocabulary and Structure (20 minutes)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A),B),C) and D). Choose the one answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the centre.41.Though badly damaged by fire, the palace was eventually ____ to itsoriginal splendour.A.repairedB.renewedC.restoredD.renovated42.High speed aircraft is made of metals that can ____ both high tempe rature and pressure.A.stand byB.put up withC.withholdD.withstand43.Before the arrival of the white man, Australia was ____ only by Aborigines.A.livedB.residedC.dwelledD.inhabited44.The ____ of new scientific discoveries to industrial production methods usually make jobs easier to do.A.additionB.associationC.applicationD.affection45.In the bitter cold, the explorers managed to ____ despite the shortage of food.A.liveB.surviveC.bearD.endure46.John wants to dispose ____ his old car and buy a new one.A.onB.inC.ofD.to47.After my examination, I had a feeling of ____.A.freeB.releaseC.resortD.replace48.He failed his exam; it ____ him right because he had notstudied for the whole semester.A.servedB.gaveC.taughtD.showed49.He mumbled something and blushed as though a secret had been ____.A.imposedB.exposedposedD.opposed50.It is ____ practice to bring a present to the hostess when one is invited to dinner.A.generalualC.ordinarymon51.Safety devices ____ in preventing accidents in the workshop.A.assistB.assureC.assembleD.contribute52. ____, it is quite easy to drill a hole in it with a eraser.A.Hard a diamond isB.Hard as a diamond isC.As a diamond is hardB.How hard is a diamond53.When you go to a new country, you must ____ yourself to new mannersand customs.A.adoptB.fitC.suitD.adapt54.The hotel ____ only $50 for a double room in the slack season.A.claimsB.pricesC.chargesD.demands55.Mr. Morgan can be very sad ____, though in public he is extremely cheerful.A.in personB.in privateC.by himselfD.as individual56.The father lost his ____ just because his son failed again in the final exam.A.mindB.moodC.passionD.temper57.It was urgent that he ____ her immediately.A.callsB.calledC.callD.would call58.He is of a ____ mood; he never finishes what he starts.A.differentB.variableC.variousD.distinctive59.An Olympic Marathon is 26 miles and 385 yards, approximately ____ from Marathon to Athens.A.the distanceB.distanceC.the distance isD.is the distance60.He is a man you can rely on. He never goes back on his ____.A.wordB.wordsC.permissionD.saying61.Although the examination he had passed was unimportant, his success____ him in his later study.A.persuadedB.promisedC.urgedD.encouraged62.I hope to hear more about the activities ____ there.A.going onB.being gone onC.being happenedD.to be happened63. You should____ these tables and buy new ones.A.throw offB.throw downC.throw upD.throw away64.I don’t think I know the girl with long hair although she ____ me of someone I know.A.remembersB.recallsC.suggestsD.reminds65.Some discussion has ____ about who should be put in charge of this project.A.risenB.liftedC.raisedD.arisen66.There are some ____ flowers on the desk.A.artificialB.falseC.unrealD.untrue67.It is a ____ to hear his speech.A.boredB.boreC.boringD.boresome68.____ their suggestions, we will discuss them fully at the next meeting.A.In regard forB.In regard toC.With regard ofD.Regardless for69.Nuclear science should be developed to benefit the people ____ harm them.A.more thanB.better thanC.other thanD.rather than70.How many more decades will have to pass ____ scientists succeed in providing a cure for cancer?A.whenB.sinceC.beforeD.until下载文档。
CET4英语四级考试全真预测试卷 第2套(听力)
11. [A] He'll be speaking at the end of the meeting. [C]He suddenly decided not to speak.[B] He was supposed to speak last night instead. [D] He already spoke very briefly tonight.12. [A] It's too high. [C] It's cheap indeed.[B] It's acceptable. [D] The woman should have bargained for it.13. [A] At two o'clock. [C] At four o'clock.[B] At three o'clock. [D] At five o'clock.14. [A] Shop assistant and customer. [C] Store keeper and customer.[B] Post clerk and customer. [D] Waitress and customer.15. [A] His girlfriend complained of his going to the party without her.[B] He was together with his girlfriend yesterday.[C] He has been busy dating his girlfriend these days.[D] He brought his girlfriend to the party.16. [A] She regretted having bought the second-hand car.[B] It is unnecessary to rent another house.[C] They should sell their second-hand car and buy a new one.[D] They can afford a second-hand car.17. [A] She loves the film too. [C] She asks the man to repeat his words.[B] She doesn't think much of the film. [D] It's not as good as she expected.18. [A] Go out with his wife. [C] Stay at home with his wife.[B] Work for extra hours. [D] Go out with his boss.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. [A] It's hereditary. [C] He combs his hair too much.[B] The shampoo he used caused it. [D] He is old enough to lose hair.20. [A] Use some special shampoo.[B] Wear a wig.[C] Don't try to comb hair over the bald or thin patch.[D] Go to the doctor for advice.21. [A] Over the radio. [C] At the man's house.[B] At a doctor's office. [D] At a drug store.22. [A] It suits him. [C] It looks old.[B] It looks ridiculous [D] It's getting worse.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. [A] Once a week. [C] Five every month.[B] Three every month. [D] Two every month.24. [A] When there are more than twelve people. [C] When there are fifteen people.[B] When there are five people. [D] When there are more than fifteen people.25. [A] Call the office. [C] Pay the money.[B] Sign your name on the notice board in advance. [D] There is no need to reserve a place. Section BPassage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. [A] Because it isn't closed.[B] Because the students have to pass all examinations before entering it.[C] Because there is no examination before they are accepted as students.[D] Because its door is open.27. [A] At the airport. [C] Taking the air.[B] By plane. [D] On radio and TV.28. [A] Four. [C] Three.[B] Eight. [D] Five.29. [A] In four or five years. [C] In three or four years.[B] In one year. [D] In 36 weeks.Passage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30. [A] A new way to take notes. [C] The five steps in the reading process.[B] A short name for survey reading method. [D] Different ways to study for examinations.31. [A] That one should think about the ideas while reading the words.[B] That one should always take notes.[C] That one should read only the title and important words.[D] That one should read sequences of words.32. [A] Read. [C] Review.[B] Recite. [D] Reread.Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33. [A] Vacations. [C] Overcrowded classrooms.[B] Wages. [D] Paid sick leaves.34. [A] They want the teachers to resign.[B] They want the teachers to return to work.[C] They are very sympathetic toward the strike.[D] They are refusing to comment on the situation.35. [A] Parent Board. [C] Teachers' Union.[B] District Court. [D] School Committee.Section CThere are 17 kinds of penguins in the world. All of them live in the southern (36) ________. Only a few (37) ________ live on the continent of Antarctica at the bottom of the world. The emperor penguins are the largest. They are about 100 (38) ________ tall and weigh about 30 kilograms. Their special (39) ________ of mating makes them different from all other penguins.For thousands of years the emperor penguins have lived on the (40) ________ Continent of Antarctica. These black and white birds live in large groups or colonies. There are about 40 emperor penguin colonies on Antarctica. In total there are about 400,000 birds. These birds spend the summer swimming in the ocean in (41) ________ of food such as fish and (42) ________. Penguins are not able to fly, but they are (43) ________ swimmers. (44) ________________________________________. But when summer ends, so does this easy time spent by the water. (45) ________________________________________.(46) ________________________________________. They must find an area with some shelter from the freezing winds.Part III Listening ComprehensionSection A11. C 信息明示题。
北外四级考前冲刺模拟题（2）
北外四级考前冲刺模拟题（2）Test 2Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write A Letter of Complaint to the editor of a newspaper.You have bought an English-Chinese Dictionary. You find it in poor quality, but the bookstore's service is even worse. You should write at least 120 words and pay attention to the form of the letter. Your letter should include the following contents: 1．事情的起因2．与书店交涉的过程3．呼吁服务行业提高服务质量Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)Preparing for TestsIdeally it should be love of/earning, achievement, and self-improvement that prompts all learning. But the average student is probably motivated by a more tangible, immediate, and pressuring reason--the requirement to take and pass tests. Few high school students are not concerned with the aptitude and achievement tests that they must take to get into college. Even students not planning to attend college will take placement, adaptability, and promotion tests if they are to succeed in their field. Promotion in the armed services does not depend on physical prowess (本领) and length of service. It depends, instead, on the ability to study and pass promotional tests.You need to understand the importance of tests, the best methods of preparation, the common sense required for both a physical and mental approach to them, how to read instructionsand questions correctly, and how to answer the way the test or teacher expects you to answer. This is one of the most valuable psychological benefits that can come from your education. Attitude Toward TestsDr. Francis P. Robinson in his book, Effective Study, poses a question: "Did you ever thank a teacher for giving a test?" At first glance you are not likely to find much in your thinking that would help inspire a "yes". The teacher spends a lot of time preparing the test questions. After you have taken the test, the teacher spends many hours carefully evaluating your paper. Mistakes are marked so that when your paper is returned you can go over them and perhaps write in corrections. Then you will pot make the same mistakes again.Test as a Personal BattleDo you, like many of your fellow students, consider the test or examination as a personal battle which the teacher wages in an attempt to defeat you, or do you see it as a contest in which one tries to outwit the other? If this is your attitude towards tests, you probably do one of two things when the teacher returns your paper to you. One, you throw it away without bothering to do more than glance through it to see where points were taken off. Or two, without checking an incomplete answer against the facts as studied, you approach the teacher and demand to know why points were taken off. This is the most negative of approaches. The difference in attitude can he .seen in the difference between two questions: "Why did you t ake off points on this question?” and “What should I have included that I did not?”Fear of Taking TestsAnother attitude that you should avoid is that of fear. Fear of taking tests results in tension and disturbed thinking. These, inturn, produce blind spots (not being able to remember answers you’re your knew ten minutes before the test) and careless mistakes. This fear also keeps people from venturing into new areas in life. They may visualize the new method, the better tool, or the strong bridge, but they hesitate until someone else realizes their dreams.Fear prevents success on tests and examinations because fear conditions the mind for failure. Students who are afraid start in a state of confusion and disorder. Thus they throw away the advantages they have gotten by preparation. Students who approach tests with fear are almost always characterized by the following: (1) Their grade is considerably lower than their daily recitation grades, sometimes as much as twenty points lower. (2) They complain about the teacher---insufficient explanation, lack of detailed review, etc. (3) They find fault with the test materials---too long, not the type of questions expected and studied for, didn't understand thewording of questions. (4) Their preparation consists of a frantic last-ditch effort. They suffer from loss of sleep almost to the point of total exhaustion, and often loss of important notes or review material just when they are needed most. (5) Fear drives these students to study for the test with another student. Invariably they choose a study companion who has the same attitude offear. Often the other student’s knowledge of the subject is only equal to, or perhaps less than, their own.If you recognize two or more of these characteristics as behaviour patterns which you practice at test and examination time, you should change your attitude as quickly as possible. To continue them is to subject yourself to a climate of tension andfear and to condition yourself for defeat.A Positive Approach to TestsA third attitude is wholly positive. It is the attitude of challenge, self-confidence, and content-reliability. Students who accept a test as a challenge to show the teacher the extent of their knowledge of the subject and to improve their grades are stimulated. This stimulation produces the energy needed to think clearly and to act with precision over a longer period of concentration than the daily recitation requires. The attitude of challenge is reflected by enterprising rather than burdensome preparation. Self-confidence develops from this adequate preparation. There is no room for tension and fear. Even a questionable answer is approached by a calculated reliability. The belief is that a worthwhile answer, although perhaps only partially correct, can be worked out. This attitude requires the relationship between student and teacher, and question and answer, always to be one of cooperative production rather than competitive destruction.To adopt an attitude of challenge and self-confidence toward tests and examinations, you must first understand the real purposes of test.Reasons for TestsMotivationFrom the student’s point of view, the first reason for tests is motivation. Few of us are self-disciplined and motivated enough to educate ourselves without direction and requirement. Being tested periodically on accumulated knowledge is a strong motivating force.Chance to Show KnowledgeA second reason for tests is that they provide students witha chance to show how much they have learned. Daily recitation does not provide such an opportunity. A test gives the students a chance to show their ability to organize and unify large volumes of material. This is not possible in preparing for day-to-day assignments.Prediction of Future TestsA third reason is that students gain insight into what the teacher considers most important. If test questions deal with main topics and essential principles, the student can accurately estimate the nature of future and larger tests.Discovery of Weaknesses and ProgressA fourth important reason is that students can discover both their shortcomings and the extent of their progress. They can carefully study their errors and the general areas in which they occur. They can see a pattern to their errors. They can take steps to correct their weaknesses. They can measure their progress in that subject. And most important of all, they can measure whether or not their mental growth is keeping up with the demand of the subject.Now that you understand the reasons for tests and examinations, and how they benefit both student and teacher, you should not groan when a test is announced. Do not approach it as a burdensome chore or with light indifference. Approach it with an honest and determined effort for self-improvement. If you manage this, your grade will manage itself.注意：正式考试时候，此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答；8－10题在答题卡1上。
四级押题 第二套(含答案)
大学英语四级考试试题(第2套)P a r t I W r i t i n g(30m i n u t e s) D i r e c t i o n s:F o r t h i s p a r t,y o ua r ea l l o w e d30m i n u t e s t ow r i t eas h o r t e s s a y e n t i t l e dS o c i a lP r a c t i c e o f C o l l e g e S t u d e n t s.Y o u s h o u l dw r i t e a t l e a s t120w o r d s b u t n om o r e t h a n180w o r d s.1.很多大学生在校期间参加各种社会实践;2.大学生参加社会实践带来很多好处;3.参加社会实践同时应注意一些问题㊂注意:此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答㊂P a r t I I L i s t e n i n g C o m p r e h e n s i o n(30m i n u t e s) S e c t i o nAD i r e c t i o n s:I n t h i s s e c t i o n,y o uw i l lh e a r t h r e en e w s r e p o r t s.A t t h e e n do f e a c hn e w s r e p o r t,y o uw i l l h e a r t w o o r t h r e e q u e s t i o n s.B o t h t h e n e w s r e p o r t a n d t h e q u e s t i o n sw i l l b es p o k e no n l y o n c e.A f t e r y o uh e a ra q u e s t i o n,y o um u s t c h o o s e t h e b e s t a n s w e r f r o mt h e f o u r c h o i c e sm a r k e dA),B),C)a n d D).T h e n m a r k t h e c o r r e s p o n d i n g l e t t e ro n A n s w e rS h e e t1w i t ha s i n g l e l i n e t h r o u g h t h e c e n t r e.注意:此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答㊂Q u e s t i o n s1a n d2w i l l b e b a s e do n t h e f o l l o w i n g n e w s i t e m.1.A)T h e y m a d em o r e e f f o r t s t o f i n dm o r en e wc a s e s.B)T h e y t r i e d t o p r e v e n t t h e d i s e a s e o u t o f t h e c a p i t a l.C)T h e y h e l d a p u b l i cm o v e m e n t o nh y g i e n e i n f o r m a t i o n.D)T h e y b o o s t e d t h e a c c u r a c y a n d p r o m p t n e s s o f t h e i r r e p o r t.2.A)I t s t h e f i r s t t i m e t h a t i n g e s t i o nd i s e a s eh a s b r o k e no u t i nH a i t i.B)T h e d e a t h r a t e o f i n g e s t i o nd i s e a s e i s t o oh i g h.C)D e a t hn u m b e rw i l l k e e p i n c r e a s i n g f o r a l o n g t i m e.D)I n g e s t i o nd i s e a s e c o u l d j o i no t h e r l o c a l d i s e a s e s i nH a i t i.Q u e s t i o n s3a n d4w i l l b e b a s e do n t h e f o l l o w i n g n e w s i t e m.3.A)T h e c h i l d r e no f t h e i n t e r n a t i o n a l d i p l o m a t i c c o r p s.B)T h e p r o g r a mo f I n t e r n a t i o n a l B a c c a l a u r e a t e s c h o o l s.C)T h e s c h o o l d i s t r i c t i n t h e s u b u r bo fD e t r o i t,M i c h i g a n.D) M o t h e rE a r t h c l a s s i n I Be l e m e n t a r y s c h o o l s.4.A)S u b j e c t a r e a s a r e s e p a r a t e d. C) M o t h e rE a r t h c l a s s c o v e r sm a t h.B)C l a s s e s a r eh e l d i n t h e o p e na i r.D)T e a c h e r s p r e p a r e c l a s s e s t o g e t h e r.Q u e s t i o n s5t o7w i l l b e b a s e do n t h e f o l l o w i n g n e w s i t e m.5.A)W h i t e a s h.C)P o i s o n g a s.B)H i g h t e m p e r a t u r ew a t e r.D)H u r r i c a n e.6.A)L e s s t h a n10.B)A b o u t20.C)A b o u t120.D)M o r e t h a n750.7.A)T h e y h a v e f o u n d t o om a n y d e a db o d i e s.C)T h e y d o n t k n o w w h a tm i g h t h a p p e nn e x t.B)T h e y w a n t t o p e r s u a d e p e o p l e t om o v e a w a y.D)T h e y n e e d s p a c e t o c a r r y o u t t h e r e s e a r c h. S e c t i o nBD i r e c t i o n s:I n t h i s s e c t i o n,y o uw i l l h e a r2l o n g c o n v e r s a t i o n s.A t t h e e n d o f e a c h c o n v e r s a t i o n,o n e o rm o r e q u e s t i o n sw i l l b e a s k e da b o u tw h a tw a s s a i d.B o t h t h e c o n v e r s a t i o na n dt h e q u e s t i o n sw i l lb e s p o k e no n l y o n c e.A f t e re a c h q u e s t i o nt h e r ew i l lb ea p a u s e.D u r i n g t h e p a u s e,y o u m u s t r e a dt h e f o u rc h o i c e sm a r k e d A),B),C)a n d D),a n dd e c i d ew h i c h i s t h eb e s t a n s w e r.T h e nm a r k t h ec o r r e s p o nd i n g le t t e r o n A n s w e rS h e e t1w i t ha s i n g l e l i n e t h r o u g h t h e c e n t r e.注意:此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答㊂Q u e s t i o n s8t o11a r e b a s e do n t h e c o n v e r s a t i o n y o uh a v e j u s t h e a r d.8.A)L e a r n i n g s t y l e s.B)P s y c h o l o g y.C)L e a r n i n gp r o c e s s.D)P h y s i c s.9.A)E m p l o y t h e ma s l a ba s s i s t a n t s.C)G i v e t h e ms u i t a b l em a t e r i a l.B)T e a c h t h e mt o p a s s t e s t s.D)P a y t h e mf o r p a r t i c i p a t i n g i n t h e s t u d y.10.A)T o q u i t h e r j o b i n t h e c h e m i s t r y l a b.C)T o f u r t h e r h e r s t u d y i n p s y c h o l o g y m a j o r.B)T o g e t s o m e p r a c t i c a l e x p e r i e n c e.D)T o e a r ne x t r am o n e y.11.A)W r i t e t h e l a b r e p o r t.C)I n t e r v i e ws o m eh i g hs c h o o l s t u d e n t s.B)F i n do u tP r o f.S m i t h s s c h e d u l e.D)F i n i s h t h e i r e x p e r i m e n t.Q u e s t i o n s12t o15a r e b a s e do n t h e c o n v e r s a t i o n y o uh a v e j u s t h e a r d.12.A)A ne x p e r i m e n t i nA n t a r c t i c a.B)T h eb r e a k i n g-o f f o f p a r t o f t h eL a r s e n I c eS h e l f.C)T h e f o r m a t i o no f t h eL a r s e n I c eS h e l f.D)A ne x p e d i t i o n i nA n t a r c t i c a.13.A)T h e y c o u l db e a s i g no f g l o b a lw a r m i n g.B)T h e y a r e d i s t u r b i n g A n t a r c t i c b i r dh a b i t a t s.C)T h e y h a v e d e s t r o y e d r e s c a r c h f a c i l i t i e s.D)T h e y r e f u t e c u r r e n t s c i e n t i f i c t h e o r i e s.14.A)N om e l t i n g h a s b e e no b s e r v e d i nA n t a r c t i c a.B)T h e p a s t s e v e r a lw i n t e r s h a v eb e e nu n u s u a l l y s e v e r e.C)N o t h i n g u n u s u a l h a s h a p p e n e d i no t h e r p a r t s o fA n t a r c t i c a.D)T h e i c e s h e l v e s h a d r e m a i n e d i n t a c t f o r c e n t u r i e s d e s p i t e t h ew e a t h e r c h a n g e s.15.A)W a r m e rw a t e r t e m p e r a t u r e s.C)Ar i s e i n s e a l e v e l.B)L e s s a q u a t i c l i f e.D)C o l d e rw i n d s.S e c t i o nCD i r e c t i o n s:I n t h i s s e c t i o n,y o uw i l lh e a r3s h o r t p a s s a g e s.A t t h e e n do f e a c h p a s s a g e,y o uw i l l h e a r s o m e q u e s t i o n s.B o t ht h e p a s s a g ea n dt h e q u e s t i o n sw i l lb e s p o k e no n l yo n c e.A f t e r y o uh e a ra q u e s t i o n,y o u m u s tc h o o s et h eb e s ta n s w e r f r o mt h e f o u rc h o i c e sm a r k e dA),B),C)a nd D).T he n m a r kt h e c o r r e s p o n d i n g l e t t e ro nA n s w e rS h e e t1w i t ha s i n g l e l i n e t h r o u g h t h e c e n t r e.注意:此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答㊂P a s s a g eO n eQ u e s t i o n s16t o19a r e b a s e do n t h e p a s s a g e y o uh a v e j u s t h e a r d.16.A)U r b a nH i s t o r y. B)A r c h i t e c t u r e.C)F i n eA r t s. D)U r b a nD e s i g n.17.A)I l l i n o i sU n i v e r s i t y.C)Y a l eU n i v e r s i t y.B)C o r n e l lU n i v e r s i t y.D)U n i v e r s i t y o fW a s h i n g t o n.18.A)F u n c t i o n a l a r c h i t e c t u r e.C)T r e n d s i nu r b a nd e s i g n.B)U r b a n p l a n n i n g.D)F e d e r a l r e g u l a t i o n s f o r u r b a nd e v e l o p m e n t. P a s s a g eT w oQ u e s t i o n s19t o21a r e b a s e do n t h e p a s s a g e y o uh a v e j u s t h e a r d.19.A)T h e y w e r e j u s t b i g t o y s f o r c h i l d r e n.C)T h e y w e r e t h em o s t p o p u l a r f o r mo f t r a n s p o r t a t i o n.B)T h e y w e r en o t s o i m p o r t a n t.D)T h e y w e r e v e r y a t t r a c t i v e.20.A)T om a k e i t a t a l o wc o s t.C)T om a k e i t n o t e a s i l y b eb r o k e nd o w n.B)T om a k e i t e a s y f o r e v e r y o n e t o f i x.D)T om a k e i t a v a i l a b l e t o e v e r y o n e.21.A)T h eh i s t o r y o f c a r d e v e l o p m e n t.C)T h e e a r l y d e v e l o p m e n t o f t r a n s p o r t a t i o n.B)A p o p u l a rm o d e l o f c a r.D)C o s t s o f b i g-h o r s e p o w e r c a r s.P a s s a g eT h r e eQ u e s t i o n s22t o25a r e b a s e do n t h e p a s s a g e y o uh a v e j u s t h e a r d.22.A)F o r c e o u r s e l v e s t o r e m e m b e r t h i n g s.C)N e v e r s t o p l e a r n i n g.B)P r a c t i c e a n d e x e r c i s e c o n s c i o u s l y.D)T r y h a r d t o r e m e m b e r t h i n g s.23.A)O n en i g h t h e f o r g o t t o l o c k t h e f r o n t d o o r.B)O n en i g h t h e f o r g o t l o c k i n g t h e f r o n t d o o r.C)O n en i g h t h e r e m e m b e r e d t o l o c k t h e f r o n t d o o r.D)O n en i g h t h e r e m e m b e r e du n l o c k i n g t h e f r o n t d o o r.24.A)S t o r i e s a b o u t a b s e n t-m i n d e d n e s s a r c c o mm o n.B)P e o p l e a r e n t i n t e r e s t e d i n t h e s t o r i e s a b o u t a b s e n t-m i n d e d n e s s.C)P e o p l e g e t t i r e do f t h e i r a b s e n t-m i n d e d n e s s.D)A b s e n t-m i n d e d n e s s h a p p e n sm o r e i n t h em o r n i n g.25.A)P a i n f u l s t r e s s.C)G r e a t t r o u b l e.B)M o r e t i m e t o f i n d t h i n g s.D)H u g em o n e y l o s s.P a r t I I I R e a d i n g C o m p r e h e n s i o n(40m i n u t e s) S e c t i o nAD i r e c t i o n s:I n t h i s s e c t i o n,t h e r e i sa p a s s a g ew i t ht e nb l a n k s.Y o ua r er e q u i r e dt os e l e c t o n ew o r d f o r e a c h b l a n k f r o ma l i s t o f c h o i c e s g i v e n i naw o r db a n k f o l l o w i n g t h e p a s s a g e.R e a d t h e p a s s a g e t h r o u g h c a r e f u l l y b e f o r em a k i n gy o u r c h o i c e s.E a c h c h o i c e i n t h eb a n k i s i d e n t i f i e db y a l e t t e r.P l e a s em a r k t h ec o r r e s p o nd i n g le t t e rf o r e a c h i t e mo nA n s w e r S h e e t2w i t has i n g l e l i n e t h r o u g h t h e c e n t r e.Y o u m a y n o t u s ea n y o f t h ew o r d s i n t h e b a n km o r e t h a no n c e.Q u e s t i o n s26t o35a r e b a s e do n t h e f o l l o w i n gp a s s a g e.S c i e n c e h a s n o w p r o v e dw h a t k i n d e r g a r t e n t e a c h e r s,r e a l i t y-s h o wf a n s a n dC a t h o l i c p r i e s t s d i s c o v e r a n e we v e r y d a y:h u m a n s c a n t h e l p t a l k i n g a b o u t t h e m s e l v e s.I t j u s t 26 t o o g o o d.I n a n e ws t u d y p u b l i s h e d i n t h e 27P r o c e e d i n g s o f t h eN a t i o n a lA c a d e m y o f S c i e n c e s, H a r v a r d U n i v e r s i t y r e s e a r c h e r s c o n d u c t e das e r i e so f e x p e r i m e n t s t oa s s e s sh o w m u c h p e o p l e l i k e d t a l k i n g a b o u t t h e m s e l v e s a n dw h y.I no n e s t u d y,t h e y s c a n n e d p e o p l e s b r a i n sw h i l e t h o s e p e o p l e e i t h e r r e v e a l e d28 i n f o r m a t i o no r j u d g e d t h e p e r s o n a l i t i e so ro p i n i o n so f o t h e r s.I n a n o t h e r e x p e r i m e n t,r e s e a r c h e r s t e s t e dw h e t h e r p e o p l e 29 t oa n s w e r q u e s t i o n sa b o u t t h e m s e l v e s,o t h e r p e o p l e o r n e u t r a l f a c t s p a r t i c i p a n t s g o t d i f f e r i n g l e v e l s o fm o n e t a r y30 d e p e n d i n g o n t h e q u e s t i o n t h e y c h o s e.N om a t t e r t h e t e s t,t h e r e s e a r c h e r s f o u n d t h e r e s u l t s p o i n t e d t h e s a m ew a y:h u m a n s g e t a b i o c h e m i c a l b u z z f r o ms e l f-d i s c l o s u r e.T h a t sw h y w e s p e n d a l m o s t40%o f 31 t a l k i n g a b o u t o u r s e l v e s,s a y s t h e s t u d y o u r b r a i nc h e m i s t r y d r i v e su s t od o i t.I n t h e f o r m e r e x p e r i m e n t,r e s e a r c h e r s f o u n d t h a t 32 p e r s o n a l i n f o r m a t i o n l e d t o a c t i v i t y i n t h e r e w a r d a r e a s o f t h e b r a i n.T a l k i n g a b o u t o t h e r p e o p l e d i dn o t l e a d t o t h e c i r c u i t s a sm u c h.I n t h e l a t t e r s t u d y,p e o p l ew e r ew i l l i n g t o g i v e u p17%o f t h e i r e a r n i n g s i n o r d e r t o a n s w e r q u e s t i o n s a b o u t t h e m s e l v e s.Wh e nt h e p a y-o f fw a s 33 ,p e o p l ec h o s et ot a l ka b o u t t h e m s e l v e s t w o-t h i r d s o f t h e t i m e.T h e e f f e c t sw e r em a g n i f i e db y k n o w l e d g e t h a t o n e s t h o u g h t sw o u l db e 34 t o a n o t h e r p e r s o n,s u g g e s t i n g t h a t i n d i v i d u a l s f i n do p p o r t u n i t i e s t od i s c l o s e t h e i ro w n t h o u g h t s t oo t h e r s t ob e e s p e c i a l l y r e w a r d i n g, s a y s t h e s t u d y.A l l o f t h i s g o e s a l o n g w a y t o w a r de x p l a i n i n g t h e a p p e a l n o t j u s t o f i n h e r e n t l y s e l f-p r o m o t i n g s o c i a l-m e d i a 35 l i k eF a c e b o o k a n dT w i t t e r b u t a l s oo f t a l k r a d i o,J e r r y S p r i n g e r a n de v e nb o o k g r o u p s.注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答㊂A)c o mm u n i c a t e d B)c o m p e n s a t i o n C)c o n v e r s a t i o n D)e q u a lE)f e e l s F)i n a p p r o p r i a t e l y G)p e r s o n a l H)p l a t f o r m sI)p r e f e r r e d J)r e l a t i o n K)r e s p e c t e d L)s h a r i n gM)s u b s t a n t i a l N)s u r v i v e s O)s u s p e c t e dS e c t i o nBD i r e c t i o n s:I n t h i s s e c t i o n,y o ua r e g o i n g t o r e a da p a s s a g ew i t h t e n s t a t e m e n t s a t t a c h e d t o i t.E a c h s t a t e m e n t c o n t a i n s i n f o r m a t i o n g i v e n i n o n e o f t h e p a r a g r a p h s.I d e n t i f y t h ep a r a g r a p h f r o m w h i c ht h e i n f o r m a t i o ni sd e r i v e d.Y o u m a y c h o o s ea p a r a g r a p hm o r e t h a no n c e.E a c h p a r a g r a p h i sm a r k e dw i t ha l e t t e r.A n s w e r t h e q u e s t i o n s b ym a r k i n g t h e c o r r e s p o n d i n g l e t t e r o n A n s w e rS h e e t2.H o wS h o u l dT e a c h e r sB eR e w a r d e d?[A]W en e v e r f o r g e t o u r b e s t t e a c h e r s t h o s ew h o i n s p i r e du sw i t had e e p e ru n d e r s t a n d i n g o r a ne n d u r i n gp a s s i o n,t h e o n e sw e c o m eb a c k t ov i s i t y e a r s a f t e r g r a d u a t i n g,t h e e d u c a t o r s w h oo p e n e dd o o r s a n d a l t e r e d t h e c o u r s e o f o u r l i v e s.[B]I tw o u l db ew o n d e r f u l i fw ek n e w m o r e a b o u t s u c h t a l e n t e d t e a c h e r s a n dh o wt om u l t i p l y t h e i rn u m b e r.H o wd o t h e y c o m eb y t h e i r c r a f t?Wh a t q u a l i t i e s a n dc a p a c i t i e sd o t h e y p o s s e s s?C a nt h e s ea b i l i t i e sb e m e a s u r e d?C a nt h e y b et a u g h t?P e r h a p sa b o v ea l l:H o w s h o u l de x c e l l e n t t e a c h i n g b e r e w a r d e ds o t h a t t h eb e s t t e a c h e r s t h em o s t c o m p e t e n t, c a r i n g a n d c o m p e l l i n g r e m a i n i na p r o f e s s i o nk n o w n f o r l o w p a y a n d l o ws t a t u s? [C]S u c h q u e s t i o n sh a v eb e c o m e c r i t i c a l t o t h e f u t u r eo f p u b l i c e d u c a t i o n i nt h eU.S.E v e na s p o l i t i c i a n s p u s h t oh o l d s c h o o l s a n d t h e i r f a c u l t y m e m b e r s r e s p o n s i b l e a sn e v e rb e f o r e f o r s t u d e n t l e a r n i n g,t h en a t i o n f a c e s as h o r t a g eo f t e a c h i n g t a l e n t.A b o u t3.2m i l l i o n p e o p l e t e a c h i n U.S.p u b l i cs c h o o l s,b u t,a c c o r d i n g t oa ne s t i m a t e m a d eb y e c o n o m i s t W i l l i a m H u s s a r a t t h eN a t i o n a lC e n t e r f o rE d u c a t i o nS t a t i s t i c s,t h en a t i o nw i l l n e e dt or e c r u i t a n a d d i t i o n a l2.8m i l l i o no v e r t h e n e x t e i g h t y e a r s o w i n g t ob a b y-b o o m e r r e t i r e m e n t,g r o w i n g s t u d e n t e n r o l l m e n t a n ds t a f f t u r n o v e r(人员调整) w h i c hi se s p e c i a l l y r a p i da m o n g n e w t e a c h e r s.F i n d i n g a n dk e e p i n g h i g h-q u a l i t y t e a c h e r sa r ek e y t oA m e r i c a sc o m p e t i t i v e n e s s a s an a t i o n.R e c e n t t e s t r e s u l t s s h o wt h a tU.S.10t h-g r a d e r s r a n k e d j u s t17t h i ns c i e n c e a m o n gp e e r s f r o m30n a t i o n s,w h i l e i n m a t ht h e yp l a c e d i nt h eb o t t o mf i v e.R e s e a r c h s u g g e s t s t h a t a g o o d t e a c h e r i s t h e s i n g l em o s t i m p o r t a n t f a c t o r i nb o o s t i n g a c h i e v e m e n t, m o r e i m p o r t a n t t h a nc l a s ss i z e,t h ed o l l a r ss p e n t p e r s t u d e n to r t h e q u a l i t y o f t e x t b o o k s a n dm a t e r i a l s.[D]A c r o s s t h e c o u n t r y,h u n d r e d so f s c h o o l d i s t r i c t sa r ee x p e r i m e n t i n g w i t hn e w w a y s t o a t t r a c t,r e w a r d a n dk e e pg o o d t e a c h e r s.M a n y o f t h e s e e f f o r t s b o r r o wi d e a s f r o mb u s i n e s s. T h e y i n c l u d es i g n i n g b o n u s e sf o rh a r d-t o-f i l l j o b sl i k et e a c h i n g h i g hs c h o o lc h e m i s t r y, h o u s i n g a l l o w a n c e sa n d w h a t m i g h tb ec a l l e dc o m b a t p a y f o rt e a c h e r s w h oc o mm i tt o w o r k i n g i nt h e m o s td i s t r e s s e ds c h o o l s.B u tt h e i d e a g a i n i n g t h e m o s t m o t i v a t i o n a n d c o n t r o v e r s y i sm e r i t p a y,w h i c ha t t e m p t s t o m e a s u r e t h e q u a l i t y o f t e a c h e r s w o r ka n d p a y t e a c h e r s a c c o r d i n g l y.[E]T r a d i t i o n a l l y,p u b l i c-s c h o o l s a l a r i e s a r e b a s e d o n y e a r s s p e n t o n t h e j o b a n d c o l l e g e c r e d i t s e a r n e d,as y s t e mf a v o r e db y u n i o n sb e c a u s e i t t r e a t sa l l t e a c h e r se q u a l l y.O f c o u r s e, e v e r y o n ek n o w s t h a tn o t a l l t e a c h e r sa r ee q u a l.J u s tw i t n e s sh o w h a r d p a r e n t s t r y t o g e t t h e i r k i d s i n t o t h e b e s t c l a s s r o o m s.A n d y e t t h e r e i sn ou n i v e r s a l l y a c c e p t e dw a y t om e a s u r e c o m p e t e n c e,m u c hl e s st h e g r e a tc h a r m o fat r u l y b r i l l i a n te d u c a t o r.I ni t sa b s e n c e, p o l i c y m a k e r sh a v e f o c u s e do n t h a t c u r r e n tm e a s u r eo f a l l t h i n g s e d u c a t i o n a l:s t u d e n t t e s t s c o r e s.I n d i s t r i c t sa c r o s st h ec o u n t r y,a d m i n i s t r a t o r sa r ed e v i s i n g s y s t e m st h a tt r a c k s t u d e n t s c o r e sb a c kt ot h et e a c h e r sw h ot a u g h t t h e mi na na t t e m p t t oa s s i g nc r e d i ta n d b l a m e a n d,i n s o m e c a s e s,t a r g e t h e l p t o t e a c h e r sw h on e e d i t.O f f e r i n g b o n u s e s t o t e a c h e r s w h o r a i s e s t u d e n t a c h i e v e m e n t,t h e t h e o r yg o e s,w i l l i m p r o v e t h eo v e r a l l q u a l i t y o f ㊃62㊃i n s t r u c t i o n,r e t a i n t h o s ew h o g e t t h e j o bd o n e a n d a t t r a c tm o r e h i g h l yq u a l i f i e d c a n d i d a t e s t o t h e p r o f e s s i o n a l lw h i l e l i f t i n g t h o s e a l l-i m p o r t a n t t e s t s c o r e s.[F]S u c he f f o r t sh a v eb e e ne n c o u r a g e db y t h e g o v e r n m e n t,w h i c h i n2006s t a r t e da p r o g r a m t h a t a w a r d s$99m i l l i o na y e a r i n g r a n t s t od i s t r i c t s t h a t l i n k t e a c h e r c o m p e n s a t i o n t o r a i s i n g s t u d e n t t e s t s c o r e s.M e r i t p a y h a s a l s ob e c o m e p a r t o f t h ed e b a t e i nC o n g r e s s o v e r h o wt o i m p r o v e t h e2001N oC h i l dL e f tB e h i n d A c t.L a s t s u mm e r,t h e p r e s i d e n t s i g n e d m e r i t p a y a t am e e t i n g o f t h eN a t i o n a l E d u c a t i o nA s s o c i a t i o n,t h e n a t i o n s l a r g e s t t e a c h e r s, u n i o n,s o l o n g a s t h em e a s u r e o fm e r i t i s d e v e l o p e dw i t h,t e a c h e r s,n o t i m p o s e d o n t h e m a n dn o t b a s e d o n s o m e t e s t s c o r e. H i l l a r y C l i n t o n s a y s s h e d o e s n o t s u p p o r tm e r i t p a y f o r i n d i v i d u a l t e a c h e r s b u t d o e s a d v o c a t e p e r f o r m a n c e-b a s e d p a y o na s c h o o l w i d eb a s i s. [G]I t s h a r d t oa r g u e a g a i n s t t h en o t i o no f r e w a r d i n g t h eb e s t t e a c h e r s f o rd o i n g a g o o d j o b.B u tm e r i t p a y h a s a l o n g h i s t o r y i n t h eU.S.,a n dn e w p r o g r a m s t o p a y t e a c h e r s a c c o r d i n g t o t e s t s c o r e s h a v e a l r e a d y h a d a n o p p o s i t e e f f e c t i nF l o r i d a a n dH o u s t o n.W h a t h o l d sm o r e p r o m i s e i s b r o a d e r e f f o r t s t o t r a n s f o r mt h e p r o f e s s i o nb y c o m b i n i n g m e r i t p a y w i t h m o r e o p p o r t u n i t i e s f o r p r o f e s s i o n a l t r a i n i n g a n ds u p p o r t,t h o u g h t f u l a s s e s s m e n t so fh o wt e a c h e r s d o t h e i r j o b s a n dn e wc a r e e r p a t h s f o r t o p t e a c h e r s.[H]T o t h eb u s i n e s s-m i n d e d p e o p l ew h o a r e i n c r e a s i n g l y r u n n i n g t h en a t i o n s s c h o o l s,t h e r e s a no b v i o u s s o l u t i o n t o t h e p r o b l e m so f t e a c h e r q u a l i t y a n dt e a c h e r t u r n o v e r:o f f e rb e t t e r p a y f o r b e t t e r p e r f o r m a n c e.T h e c h a l l e n g e i s d e c i d i n g w h o d e s e r v e s t h e e x t r a c a s h.M e r i t-p a y m o v e m e n t s i n t h e1920s, 50s a n d 80s t u r n e d t o f a i l u r e j u s t b e c a u s eo f t h a t q u e s t i o n,a s t h e p e r c e p t i o n g r e wt h a t b o n u s e sw e r e a w a r d e d t o p r i n c i p a l s p e t s.C h a r g e so f u n f a i r n e s s, a l o n g w i t hu n r e l i a b l e f u n d i n g a n du n i o no p p o s i t i o n,s a n ks u c he x p e r i m e n t s.[I]B u t i na ne r aw h e ns t a t e sa r e t e s t i n g a l l s t u d e n t sa n n u a l l y,t h e r e san e w,l e s s s u b j e c t i v e w i n d o wo n t oh o w w e l l a t e a c h e rd o e sh e r j o b.A se a r l y a s1982,U n i v e r s i t y o fT e n n e s s e e s t a t i s t i c i a nS a n d e r s s e i z e d o n t h e i d e a o f u s i n g s t u d e n t t e s t d a t a t o a s s e s s t e a c h e r p e r f o r m a n c e. W o r k i n g w i t h e l e m e n t a r y-s c h o o l t e s t r e s u l t s i nT e n n e s s e e,h e d e v i s e d aw a y t o c a l c u l a t e a n i n d i v i d u a l t e a c h e r sc o n t r i b u t i o nt os t u d e n t p r o g r e s s.E s s e n t i a l l y,h i s m e t h o di st h i s:h e t a k e s t h r e eo r m o r e y e a r so fs t u d e n tt e s tr e s u l t s,p r o j e c t sa t r a j e c t o r y(轨迹)f o re a c h s t u d e n t b a s e do n p a s t p e r f o r m a n c e a n d t h e n l o o k s a tw h e t h e r,a t t h e e n do f t h e y e a r,t h e s t u d e n t s i na g i v e n t e a c h e r s c l a s s t e n d e d t o s t a y o n c o u r s e,s o a r a b o v e e x p e c t a t i o n s o r f a l l s h o r t.S a n d e r s u s e s s t a t i s t i c a lm e t h o d s t o a c^j u s t f o r f l a w s a n d g a p s i n t h e d a t a. U n d e r t h e b e s t c i r c u m s t a n c e s, h e c l a i m s, w e c a n r e l i a b l y i d e n t i f y t h e t o p10%t o30%o f t e a c h e r s. [J]S a n d e r s d e v i s e dh i sm e t h o d a s am a n a g e m e n t t o o l f o r a d m i n i s t r a t o r s,n o tn e c e s s a r i l y a s a b a s i s f o r p e r f o r m a n c e p a y.B u t i n c r e a s i n g l y,t h a t sw h a t i t i su s e df o r.T o d a y h eh e a d sa g r o u p a t t h eN o r t hC a r o l i n a-b a s e d s o f t w a r e f i r mS A S,w h i c h p e r f o r m s v a l u e-a d d e d a n a l y s i s f o rN o r t hC a r o l i n a,O h i o,P e n n s y l v a n i a,T e n n e s s e e a n dd i s t r i c t s i na b o u t15o t h e r s t a t e s. M o s t u s e i t t om e a s u r e s c h o o l w i d e p e r f o r m a n c e,b u t s o m e a r e b e g i n n i n g t ou s e v a l u e-a d d e d c a l c u l a t i o n s t od e t e r m i n eb o n u s e s f o r i n d i v i d u a l t e a c h e r s.注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答㊂36.S t u d e n t t e s t s c o r e s h a v e b e c o m e t h e k e y m e a s u r e o f t e a c h e r s p e r f o r m a n c e d u e t o t h e l a c k o f w e l l-a c c e p t e d s t a n d a r d s.37.T h em e r i t p a yp r o g r a mi nF l o r i d a a n dH o u s t o nh a s t u r n e do u t t ob e a f a i l u r e.38.T h e a n n u a l t e s t s f o r s t u d e n t s b r i n g a n e w,l e s s s u b j e c t i v ew a y t om e a s u r e t h e t e a c h i n g q u a l i t y.39.T h ek e y f a c t o r t o s t r e n g t h e na c h i e v e m e n t f o r a s c h o o l i s a g o o d t e a c h e r.40.V a l u e-a d d e d c a l c u l a t i o n s h a v eb e e nu s e d t od e t e r m i n e t h eb o n u s e s a t e a c h e r d e s e r v e s.41.T e a c h i n g i s a no c c u p a t i o nk n o w n f o r l o ws a l a r y.42.S a n d e r s m e t h o dw a s a t f i r s t c r e a t e d a s am a n a g e m e n t t o o l f o r a d m i n i s t r a t o r s r a t h e r t h a n ab a s i s f o r p e r f o r m a nc e p a y.43.M e r i t p a y a t t e m p t s t o p a y t e a c h e r s a c c o r d i n g t o t h e i rw o r k i n gp e r f o r m a n c e.44.H i l l a r y C l i n t o na g r e e s t h e s c h o o l s t a f f s h o u l db e p a i db a s e do n p e r f o r m a n c e.45.M e r i t-p a y m o v e m e n t s i nt h e p a s td i d n t s u c c e e db e c a u s eu n f a i r n e s sw a sc r e a t e d w h e nd e c i d i n g w h o s h o u l d g e t t h e e x t r am o n e y.S e c t i o nCD i r e c t i o n s:T h e r e a r e2p a s s a g e s i n t h i s s e c t i o n.E a c h p a s s a g e i s f o l l o w e db y s o m e q u e s t i o n s o ru n f i n i s h e ds t a t e m e n t s.F o r e a c ho f t h e mt h e r ea r e f o u rc h o i c e sm a r k e d A),B),C)a n dD).Y o u s h o u l dd e c i d e o n t h e b e s t c h o i c e a n dm a r k t h e c o r r e s p o n d i n g l e t t e ro n A n s w e rS h e e t2w i t ha s i n g l e l i n e t h r o u g h t h e c e n t r e.P a s s a g eO n eQ u e s t i o n s46t o50a r e b a s e do n t h e f o l l o w i n gp a s s a g e.Ar e c e n t s t u d y b y r e s e a r c h e r s a t t h eU n i v e r s i t y o fM a r y l a n d p r e d i c t e d a p e r s o n s s c o r e o n a p e r s o n a l i t y t e s t t ow i t h i n10p e r c e n t a g e p o i n t s b y u s i n g w o r d s p o s t e do nF a c e b o o k.G o l b e c ka n dh e r c o l l e a g u e s a t t h eu n i v e r s i t y sH u m a n-C o m p u t e r I n t e r a c t i o nL a bs u r v e y e d t h e p u b l i c p r o f i l e s o f n e a r l y300F a c e b o o ku s e r s t h i s y e a r.T h e y l o o k e d a t u s e r s d e s c r i p t i o n s o f t h e i r f a v o r i t e a c t i v i t i e s,T Vs h o w s,m o v i e s,m u s i c,b o o k s,q u o t e s a n dm e m b e r s h i p i n p o l i t i c a l o r g a n i z a t i o n s.T h e y a l s o l o o k e d a tF a c e b o o k s p u b l i c A b o u tM e s e c t i o n s.T h e300p a r t i c i p a n t s t h e n t o o k a s t a n d a r d p s y c h o l o g i c a l e x a mt h a tm e a s u r e s t h e b i g f i v e p e r s o n a l i t y t r a i t s:o p e n n e s s t o e x p e r i e n c e,c o n s c i e n t i o u s n e s s(责任心),e x t r o v e r s i o n(外向性), a g r e e a b l e n e s s a n d n e u r o t i c i s m(神经质).P e o p l ew h ot e s t e da se x t r o v e r t so nt h e p e r s o n a l i t y t e s tt e n d e dt oh a v e m o r eF a c e b o o k f r i e n d s,b u t t h e i rn e t w o r k sw e r e m o r e s p a r s e(稀疏)t h a nt h o s eo fn e u r o t i c s,m e a n i n g t h a t t h e i r f r i e n d sw e r e l e s s l i k e l y t ok n o wo n e a n o t h e r t h a nw e r e t h e f r i e n d so f o t h e rF a c e b o o k u s e r s.P e o p l ew h o t e s t e d a sn e u r o t i ch a d m o r e d e n s e n e t w o r k so f p e o p l ew h ok n o wo n ea n-o t h e r a n d s h a r e s i m i l a r i n t e r e s t s.T h e r e s e a r c h e r s a l s o f o u n d t h a t p e o p l ew i t h l o n g l a s t n a m e s t e n d e d t ob eh a v em o r en e u-r o t i c t r a i t s,p e r h a p s b e c a u s e a l i f e t i m e o f h a v i n g o n e s l o n g l a s t n a m em i s s p e l l e dm a y l e a d t o a p e r s o ne x p r e s s i n g m o r e a n x i e t y a n d q u i c k n e s s t oa n g e r, a c c o r d i n g t o t h e s t u d y.P e o p l ew h o t e s t e dh i g ho n t h en e u r o t i c s c a l ea l s o t e n d e d t ou s ea l o t o f a n x i e t y-a s s o c i a t e dw o r d s,s u c ha s w o r r i e d , f e a r f u l a n d n e r v o u s ,o nt h e i rF a c e b o o k p o s t s.T h e y a l s ou s ew o r d sd e s c r i b i n g。
2021年6月四级押题卷(含听力及答案)-第二套(答案)
答案速对：Part II Listening Comprehension【Section A】1-7：BB—AD—DAC【Section B】8-15：ABCD—AADC【Section C】16-25：DBD—CBAB—ADCPart III Reading Comprehension【Section A】26~30KEOLD31~35GHCFN【Section B】36~40FCIJD41~45KBEKH【Section C】46~50CABAC51~55CBDDA答案详解：Part I Writing【参考范文】As knowledge and experience serve as twin towers in problem-solving,one is often presented with two major paths that pave the way for final fulfillment,either to wrack his brain,just like what happened to Neutron,siting for many years under an apple tree and eventually figuring out one of the greatest universal rules that govern the whole globe,or to seek for others’wisdom through their advice,just as in the case of Benjamin Franklin, gathering great minds under one roof and then establishing a most world-renown library. Both ways work.When a practical goal is involved,however,Benjamin Franklin may best be regarded as a role model in this respect and asking people for advice often turn out to be the prime alternative.Experience and knowledge borrowed or learned from others’advice contribute greatly to effectiveness and efficiency for a goal-accomplishment.Not all experience and knowledge related to problem-solving can be obtained by personal effort alone due to limitations of mind and capabilities of each individual.A single thought in someone’s mind is,more often than not,far less shining compared with group’s wisdom.That explains the famous old saying that one sees further when standing upon the shoulders’of past great giants;that explains why a great leader is always with greater minds;that also explains why teamwork in corporation is highly emphasized in the21st century. Brainstorm and exchange of ideas between different thoughts never fail to enhance capabilities of each individual involved,a team,a company,an institution,a country,or even the entire global village.Asking others’advice instead of getting everything done on one’s own promotes democracy and communication too.In terms of democracy,it is necessary to give othersrights and chances to speak since the problem may concern them in different ways,and their saying in turn reflects our respect toward freedom of speech as well as their wisdom. In terms of communication,idea exchange sometimes focuses more than solutions,and hereby better mutual understanding about perspectives,principles,practicalities and personalities of each other.Admittedly turning to others for help and suggestion by no means refers to absolute and irresponsible dependence.Consideration upon different thoughts and ideas broadens our mind,enlarges our vision,furthers understanding,enhances more effective and efficient brainstorm,and stresses mutual respect in groups and communities,which undoubtedly gives rise to better,if not the best solutions.As is paraphrased from John F Kennedy,brainstormed,there is little we cannot do while divided,there is little we can do. Part II Listening ComprehensionSection ANews Report One(1)Scientists have discovered the species of songbird that performs a tap dance so fast that it can't be seen by the naked eye of human beings.Researchers from Japan and Germany slow down footage of the blue songbirds during courtship.Here's our science reporter Jonathan Web.“Now,they've discovered that tap dance is in the course of courtship of both male and female blue songbirds.This is very obvious in the process of the songbirds expressing love to each other.(2)The next step for the researchers is to discover the relationship between courtship and this fancy footwork,such as whether the bird's mate is courted by the sight,the sound or the vibrations of this fancy footwork. Such is the agility of the songbirds'show-stopping quickstep that could only be fully appreciated in super slow motion."That's the latest BBC news. Questions1and2are based on the news report you have just heard.1.Why does the naked eye seldom see the dance of the songbirds?B)2.What should the researchers do next?B)News Report Two(3)The World Bank has warned that100million more people will be pushed into poverty by2030unless action is taken to prevent global warming.It says global warming will ravage crops and fuel the spread of malaria and other ura Becca reports from Washington."The World Bank says that climate change is already having an effect on the poorest people who were struggling to raise crops in extreme weather and low rainfall. They say the world's poorest receive fewer resources and are woefully unprepared to dealwith further Climate Shocks such as rising seas or severe drought.(4)They're calling for more to be done to help those in need and they want world leaders to act to reduce carbon emissions.That report had been released just a few weeks before a UN Climate Summit in Paris.”Questions3and4are based on the news report you have just heard.3.What will make more people become poor by2030?A)4.What should world leaders do?D)News Report ThreeThere're reports of fights at an Australian immigration detention center on Christmas Island following the death of a refugee.(5)Australian media say the fights started after an argument between a prisoner and a guard about the death.Jon Donnison reports from Sydney.“The Australian Immigration Ministry has confirmed there have been what it calls disturbances at the Christmas Island detention center.There are reports some security guards abandoned their positions with fences torn down and fires lit.Fazel Chegeni was found dead at the bottom of a cliff after he apparently managed to escape from the centre on Friday.(6)Around200shelter-seekers are held on Christmas Island which is one of several offshore detention centers operated by Australia.(7)The country has been widely criticized by human rights groups for its treatment of the shelter-seekers but the government here says its tough polices have worked and stopped people trying to reach Australia shores by boat.”Questions5to7are based on the news report you have just heard.5.How did the fights take place?D)6.How many refugees are held on Christmas Island?A)7.What is Australia criticized for?C)Section BConversation OneM：Laura,what are you busy doing?W：(8)I'm working on my report on gender differences with the results of my survey. M：Oh?What are findings?Are there really a lot of differences between men and women? W：You bet there are.For example,(9)in a lot of men's minds,women tend to be really talkative and some would describe their wives as chatterboxes.They say their wives say many things so fast that they get lost in the middle of the conversation.M：Oh，dear.That s too bad.But that is only men's feelings.Do you find that women do talk so much?W：Well,it all depends.Actually,my research findings are that men and women simplyhave different ways of talking.(10)Men do the public talking well and women often do the private talking.M：Sorry,I lose track of your words.Private talking?What's that?W：That is to say,(10)for most women,the language of conversation is primarily a way of establishing connections and relationships.But for most men，talk is primarily a means to stay independent and maintain status in the social order.M：I see.Men do have higher social status than women.W：But nowadays,(11)more and more women are doing better and better in the society. For example,in some Latin American countries,there are female defense ministers and in America,there are female Secretaries of State.M：But do you feel that men and women are equally treated in the modern society? W：According to my research,there still a lot of inequalities in both developing countries and the industrial ones.But fortunately,things are changing for the better. Questions8to11are based on the news report you have just heard.8.What is the woman busy doing?A)9.What do men think of their wives in general?B)10.What can we learn about people's ways of talking?C)11.Why are female defense ministers mentioned in the conversation?D) Conversation TwoM：Hi,Ruby,have you heard that there is going to be a robot show at the museum? W：Yes.And they say students can get half-price tickets.Sam,are you planning to go? M：Yes.(15)And I have invited my girlfriend to go with me.(14)So I wonder if I could borrow your car this Sunday.W：Well,would you please wait just a moment and let me check my schedule? M：OK.W：Well,(12)today is Friday and Ted wants to meet with me on Sunday,so that we can talk about next week's experiment.But I guess I can call him and put it off to the next Monday.The experiment is on Wednesday.Um,Sam,(15)do you mind me joining you to go to the robot show?Or you want it to be a trip with your girlfriend only?M：Are you kidding?Of course I don't mind.By the way,we can have lunch together at the Mexico restaurant just next to the museum.I heard they have really nice food and the price isn't high.(13)That will be my treat.W：I think it's better if we go Dutch.M：(13)I do want to pay for it.I appreciate your driving us to the museum.In this weather, we would shake all over if we have to wait for the bus.W:All right,then.(14)(15)I'll pick you up at8：00Sunday morning.Then,we can pick up yourgirlfriend at about8:20.M：Thank you.See you on Sunday.W；See you.Questions12to15are based on the conversation you have just heard.12.What did Ruby plan to do on Sunday?A)13.Who will pay for the lunch?A)14.When will they go to the robot show?D)15.How many people will go to the robot show?C)Section CPassage OneTo some it's a dream job-eating delicious meals for free and then writing about them. But for some food critics,their eyes aren't the only thing that gets wide when consider yet another feast,(16)because the food critics tend to gain weight and become fat.Karen Fernau,a food writer for The Arizona Republic,said when she first started her job,she began to gain weight.“I always looked forward to lunch before this job,then all of a sudden lunch was all day every day,”she says.Nine years later,keeping her weight steady and her health intact is a daily battle.(17)If she knows she will be going to a tasting at a bakery or eating a four course meal,she usually eats fruit or salads throughout the day.At one tasting session alone,she says,upward of1000calories is often added to her day.That's about half of the recommended total calories per day for the average adult. But even through she has devised a special eating method,Fernau says sticking to it is a daily battle.And food editors,writers and critics across the country couldn't agree more.(18)Joe Yonan,a food editor at The Washington Post,has intensified his exercise habits since he started the job two years ago.Yonan says he realized early that he was gaining weight and promptly hired a personal trainer to meet with three times a week,on top of his aerobic training three to five times a week.Still,it's a struggle that many Americans might envy.After all,it's one thing to get your calories from lobster tails and quite another to get them from sodas and fast-food burgers.Questions16to18are based on the passage you have just heard.16.Why does the speaker say the food critics'eyes aren't the only thing that gets wide?D)17.What is Karen Fernau's way of keeping her weight steady?B)18.What can we know about Yonan's job?D)Passage TwoWhat really works to make sustainable changes in diet and lifestyle?It's probably not what you think.(19)Years of clinical research proves that the real keys are pleasure,joy and freedom,not willpower and hardship.Joy of living is sustainable;fear of dying is not. Why?Because life is to be enjoyed.There's no point in giving up something you enjoy unless you get something back that's even better,and quickly.(20)When people eat more healthfully,exercise,quit smoking,manage stress better,and love more,they find that they feel so much better.So quickly,it reconstructs the reason for making these changes from fear of dying to joy of living.Fortunately,the latest studies show how powerful the mechanisms that control our health and well-being are.(21)When you exercise and eat right,your brain receives more blood flow and oxygen,so you become smarter,think more clearly,have more energy,and need less sleep.(21)Your face receives more blood flow,so your skin glows more and wrinkles less.You look younger and more attractive.In contrast,an unhealthy diet,lasting emotional stress and smoking reduce blood flow to your face so you age more quickly.Smoking accelerates aging because nicotine causes your blood vessels to become narrower,which decreases blood flow to your face and makes it wrinkle prematurely.This is why smokers look years older than they really are. One of the most interesting findings was that the mothers'perception of stress was more important than was objectively occurring in their lives.In other words,if you feel stressed, you are stressed.Questions19to22are based on the passage you have just heard.19.Which are the keys to sustainable changes in diet and lifestyle?C)20.Which of the following practices can make people feel better?B)21.What's the benefit of exercising and eating right according to the passage?A)22.What conclusion can we draw from the passage?B)Passage Three(23)At no other time in recent history has it been easier or cheaper to start a new kind of company,possibly a very profitable company.Let's call these new companies LILOs,for “a little in,a lot out."These are web-based businesses that cost almost nothing to get off the ground yet can turn into great moneymakers.How do you get started?All that's required is a great idea for a product that will fill a need in the21st century.These days you'd do best if your idea either makes people money or saves them money.And launching now will make your company stronger later—you'll learn to survive on fumes until the economy improves.That's what John Tayman is doing.He's an author who lives in San Francisco and writes reviews for a business magazine.(24)Tayman knew little about technology and even less about business.And yet he dreamed of a website thatwould summarize car reviews from other sources and rank every model of new car. Tayman said he intended to build the site on the side while continuing to write for a living. He'd work on his new company only at night and on weekends.(24)And he had only about $10000.Tayman went to work with nothing more than his laptop,a hyper-organized fellow.He quickly discovered a bunch of free stuff online-instructional manuals and sites that walk you through the process from start to finish.(25)Within months,Tayman had a virtual staff of20employees working for him in five different went live in January.Tayman figures he has worked about ten hours a week on it and hasn't spent a cent on marketing or advertising.Growth is modest but steady-nearly10 000people visit each week.Questions23to25are based on the passage you have just head.23.What are the advantages of starting a new business now?A)24.What did Tayman have when he started his business?D)25.What can we learn about Tayman's website from the passage?C)PartⅢReading ComprehensionSection A26.K【精析】动词辨析题。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
四级考前冲刺试题二1. 有人赞成在教师节给老师送礼2. 有人则表示反对3. 我认为…Should We Give Gifts to Teachers on Teachers’ Day?_Taking Care of Parents Also Means Taking Care of FinancesDenise Egebrecht needed a break.It had been three years since her 86-year-old mother, Eleanor Schwartz, moved in with her and her husband in their home in Johnsburg, Ill. Mrs. Schwartz has Alzheimer’s disease (老年痴呆症) and has trouble moving around, so Mrs. Egebrecht helps her mother with her shower each day, makes sure she’s fed and takes her on small excursions (远足) to the mall in a portable wheelchair. The routine includes occasionally reminding her mother of what day it is and where she’s living.Mrs. Egebrecht does all this while also raising her 8-year-old daughter Jaqueline and juggling a full-time job.“My mom took care of me all of my life,” says Mrs. Egebrecht. “Of course I’m going to take care of her now. She’ll live here as long as she’s able.”But money was an issue. For a time, Mrs. Egebrecht was out of work, having lost her job last year. Although her husband was still employed, without her salary she found it increasingly difficult to pay $180 a week for the adult day care center Mrs. Schwartz attends regularly.Then, through the Family Alliance office in her town, Mrs. Egebrecht heard about a $1,000 “respite care (临时看护)” grant sponsored by the Alzheimer’s Foundation of America (AFA).Intended to give primary caregivers the break they so often need, the grant money must be used to pay for temporary substitute care, said Carol Steinberg, execu tive vice president of the Alzheimer’s Foundation. Mrs. Egebrecht applied for and received the grant, which meant her mother could continue to go to the adult day care center and Mrs. Egebrecht had time to find another job, which she has.Mrs. Egebrecht is one of the growing numbers of Americans facing the financial squeeze that can come from caring for elderly parents.About 30 percent of adult children in the United States contribute financially to their parents’ care, according to the Pew R esearch Center. On average these children pay $2,400 a year on everything from uncovered medical expenses to making sure the refrigerator is stocked each week. The money often goes to parents who diligently saved all their lives, but in the face of longer life spans a nd chronic illness, the savings just isn’t enough.With all of the overwhelming emotional and medical aspects of caring for elderly parents, it’s natural to ignore the conseque nces of spending large amounts of money on them. But so often adult children end up ignoring their own savings and retirement accounts or, worse, go into debt, because they’re taking care of their parents, says Tim Casserly, a lawyer in Albany who specializes in issues of e lderly care.And if you jeopardize (损害) your own finances now, you risk putting your children in the same tough spot down the line.One way out of this bind? Take full advantage of the hundreds of government and nonprofit programs and services geared to the elderly throughout the country. “There’s lots of help out there, but also lots of reasons why families don’t use it,” said Mr. Casserly.Some people may think their parents have too much money to qualify even though many of the programs are available to elderly people with incomes of more than $100,000. Or the parents may be too proud to accept help.What’s more, these services can be difficult and time-consuming to find. And it can be a challenge to deal with the paperwork and red tape, especially when you’re already overwhelmed by the daily demands of taking care of an older parent.To help make the search for help easier, here is expert advice and several resources that will help you find what you need to take care of your aging parents.THE FIRST STEPHave the hard talk.“So often I see clients who are in the middle of this situation but know very little about their parents’ finances,” said Henni Fisher, a Brooklyn clinical social worker who specializes in geriatrics (老人病学). Your parents may be unwilling or unable to give details. Or you may be uncomfortable bringing up the subject.“It isn’t easy making the transition from the one being cared for to the one giving the care,” said Ms. Fisher.But you can’t put the conversation off any longer. Reassure your parents that you’re not trying to take control away from them. You’re simply trying to make sure that they have everything they need and that you understand everything they want.During this conversation, or series of conversations, be sure to ask about one of the largest expenses for older people: assisted living or nursing home facilities. Do your parents have long-term care insurance that can help with this exceptionally great expense? If they don’t, should they get it? (For more information, see our previous article “Getting Insurance for One’s Frailest Years.”)THE DOCUMENTSYou’ll also want to make sure your parents have the proper paperwork in place. In an emergency, you’ll need legal authority t o act on your parents behalf. Make sure your parents have signed a durable power of attorney authorizing you or some other trustworthy person to take over financial decisions — including signing checks and paying bills — on their behalf.And keep in mind these other necessary documents: A durable power of attorney for health care(also called a health care proxy) authorizing someone to make medical decisions when your parents cannot; and a living will outlining your parent’s wishes if l ife support is needed.These forms may be available at your local senior center. Or, a lawyer who focuses on elderly issues can answer questions and help put this paperwork in place. To find one near you, go to the National Academy of Elder Law Attorneys (). (If you live in New York State you may need a lawyer’s help sorting out a new 12-page complex power of attorney form, advises Mr. Casserly.)HIRING AN OUTSIDERMany families find relief when they hire a geriatric care manager. These consultants, which can cost anywhere from $50 to $200 an hour, will assess your parents’ situation, offer counseling and help you find the local services you need.So vital are these new professionals that my colleague Lesley Alderman will be devoting next week’s Patient Money column to t ips on finding the right care manager for your parents’ situation.1. In the recent three years, Denise Egebrecht has been busy .A) looking after her sick baby daughter B) helping her husband with the houseworkC) taking care of her sick elderly mother D) looking for a better job to support the family2. According to Carol Steinberg, executive vice president of AFA, Mrs. Egebrecht can use the grant to .A) have a luxurious holiday B) get day care for her motherC) finance her job-seeking D) cure her mother’s disease3. We learn from the Pew Research Center that one third of American adult children .A) have parents with no savings and pensionsB) ignore the emotional needs of their parentsC) can’t afford the daily and medical expensesD) spend their own money on their parents’ care4. What often happens to adult children taking care of their parents according to Tim Casserly?A) They don’t prepare enough for their own future.B) They attach great importance to their own savings.C) They inevitably ignore their children’s needs.D) They become experts in issues of elderly care.5. What did Mr. Casserly imply about many American families?A) They have saved enough so as to take care of the elderly.B) They don’t turn to government and nonprofit programs and services.C) They don’t trust the programs supported by the local government.D) They know nothing about projects and services for the elderly.6. What problem do many adult children have according to Henni Fisher?A) They are incapable of taking over their parents’ finances.B) They exhaust themselves taking care of their parents.C) They find it hard to persuade their parents to accept help.D) They don’t know how much money their parents have.7. According to the passage, “Getting Insurance for One’s Frailest Years” contains information on .A) communication with old parents B) expenditure of the elderlyC) long-term care insurance D) necessary home facilities8. A parent-signed durable power of attorney grants an adult child power to make_____________________________________as theparent’s agent.9. Ne w York State’s adult children are suggested to turn to_____________________________________when having difficulty gettingthe paperwork.10. Consultants specializing in elderly care issues give many families_____________________________________with theircounseling and help.Part III Listening Comprehension(35 minutes)11. A) The man has nothing to do so far.B) The man is not satisfied with his current job.C) The man wants to spend more energy working.D) The man doesn’t get along well with his girlfriend.12. A) The man speaks English all the time.B) The man is trying to improve his spoken English.C) The woman is teaching the man how to write in English.D) The woman will never speak English unless she absolutely has to.13. A) The bus station. B) The school.C) The airport. D) The travel agency.14. A) Andrew is an undergraduate student.B) Andrew has worked on a newspaper before.C) Andrew does not want to work on a newspaper.D) Andrew ever worked as a part-time magazine editor.15. A) Go to a meeting for the handicapped. B) Design a uniform for the meeting.C) Do some charity in the meeting. D) Look for a job in the meeting.16. A) She doesn’t really want that much. B) She thinks the meal is different here.C) She’d like only a cup of milk for breakfast. D) She doesn’t like cooking every morning.17. A) The man made a bad suggestion.B) The woman will take the man’s advice.C) The woman has taught Jim in a pleasant way.D) The man has spoiled the peaceful atmosphere.18. A) TV is extremely superficial.B) News reports don’t tell anything.C) News shows are not presenting the news.D) TV is good at presenting the news.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) Harm that is legalized. B) Damage that can be repaired.C) Harm that cannot be repaired. D) Harm that people cannot prevent.20. A) Taking drugs. B) Being crushed.C) Becoming an orange. D) Being a problem to the society.21. A) It is already so widespread.B) It is proved to be positively harmful.C) It proved to be more harmful than tobacco.D) It is not known whether cannabis may be harmful or not.22. A) Rejecting all values. B) Being hostile to society.C) Disregarding the values of others. D) Rejecting the values of their elders. Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. A) Men who like donkeys. B) Men who love to laugh loudly.C) Men who are humorous. D) Men who feel donkeys are silly.24. A) They go out to enjoy a jazz concert.B) The man invites her out to have a dinner.C) They have a good conversation over coffee.D) The man comes to have dinner at her home.25. A) Dating service agent and customer.B) Colleagues working in the same office.C) Interviewer and interviewee in a survey.D) Close friends who talk about almost everything.Section BPassage OneQuestions 26 to 29 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. A) They lost their home. B) They were in financial difficulty.C) They worked in a school cafeteria. D) They were employed by a truck company.27. A) They helped their neighbors to find jobs.B) They left the family farm to live in an old house.C) They gave away their possessions to their neighbors.D) They had their children during the Great Depression.28. A) They wanted to save money. B) They decided to open a store.C) They couldn’t afford expensive things.D) They wanted to buy gifts for local kids.29. A) The community of Alto was poor.B) The summer camp was attractive to the parents.C) Sandy Van Weelden got a legacy from the Hatches.D) The Hatches would like the neighbors to follow their example.Passage TwoQuestions 30 to 32 are based on the passage you have just heard.30. A) They might have watched a lot of TV.B) They must be uninterested in math.C) They may be unable to go to college.D) They might have had computers in their bedrooms.31. A) Poorly motivated 26-year-olds watch more TV.B) Habits of TV watching reduce learning interest.C) TV watching leads to lower education levels of the 15-year-olds.D) The connection between TV and education levels is difficult to explain.32. A) More time should be spent on computers.B) Children should be forbidden from watching TV.C) TV sets shouldn’t be allowed in children’s bedrooms.D) Further studies on high-achieving students should be done.Passage ThreeQuestions 33 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.33. A) Neither has any clear winner. B) Neither can be put to an end.C) Both can continue for generations. D) Both are about where to draw the line.34. A) They want to give orders to the other.B) They want to know more than the other.C) They want to gain respect from the other.D) They want to get the other to behave properly.35. A) Solutions for the parent-teen problems. B) Future of the parent-teen relationship.C) Causes for the parent-teen conflicts. D) Examples of the parent-teen war.Section CThe Home Secretary, Charles Clarke, will today guarantee that the personal details contained on the national identity card will not go beyond those currently on (36) ________. He will write the (37) ________ into the legislation which passes through its final stages in the Commons today.The bill (38) ________ that only name, date and place of birth, gender, address, nationality and immigration status can be recorded on the ID database. The Home Secretary has promised that fresh legislation will have to be (39) ________ if extra personal details such as health records, criminal records or other (40) ________ information were added.Mr. Clarke will also promise that everyone will be able to (41) ________ their entry on the national ID card database and see which organizations had been (42) ________ their identity. At the same time ministers will table new government amendments to ensure that those who access the national ID cards (43) ________ will not be able to tell who has a criminal record on the police national computer.(44) ______________________________________________________________. The Home Office has opened talks with departments likely to benefit from the introduction of the scheme to see if they can recoup some of the overall costs. The departments include work and retirement fund, health, transport and local councils.The Home Office minister, Andy Burnham, said (45) ______________________________________________________________ to upgrade to the next generation of “biometric” passports. He said other departments which would mak e savings as a result of the introduction of ID cards would make a contribution. (46) ______________________________________________________________. Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (25 minutes)When you think about the growth of human population over the last century or so, it is all too easy to imagine it merely as an increase in the number of humans. But as we 47 , so do all the things associated with us, 48 our livestock (家畜). At present, there are about 1.5 billion cattle and domestic buffalo and about 1.7 billion sheep and goats. With pigs and poultry, they form a 49 part of our enormous biological footprint upon this planet.Just how enormous was not really apparent until the 50 of a new report, called “Livestock’s Long Shadow,” by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.Consider these numbers. Global livestock grazing (放牧) and feed production use “30 percent of the land surface of the planet.” Livestock —which consume more food than they 51 —also compete directly with humans for water. And the drive to expand grazing land destroys more biologically sensitive terrain, rain forests 52 , than anything else.But what is even more striking, and alarming, is that livestock are 53 for about 18 percent of the global warming effect, more than transportation’s 54 . The culprits (罪魁祸首) are methane — the natural result of bovine digestion — and the nitrogen emitted by manure. Deforestation of grazing land adds to the effect.There are no easy trade-offs when it comes to global warming — such as cutting back on cattle to make room for cars. The human 55 for meat is certainly not about to end anytime soon. As “Livestock’s Long Shadow” makes clear, our health and the health of the planet depend on pushing livestock production in more 56 directions.Passage OneQuestions 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.Women are on the verge of outnumbering men in the workforce for the first time, a historic reversal caused by long-term changes in women’s roles and massive job losses for men during this recession.Women held 49.83% of the nation’s 132 million jobs in June and they’re gaining the vast majority of jobs in the few sectors o f the economy that are growing, according to the most recent numbers available from the Bureau of Labor Statistics.That’s a record high for a measure that’s been growing steadily for decades and accelerating during the recession. At the cur rent pace, women will become a majority of workers in October or November.“It was a long historical slog (沉重缓慢的前进) to get to this point,” says labor economist Heidi Hartmann, president of the Institute for Women’s Policy Research.The change reflects the growing importance of women as wage earners, but it doesn’t show full equality, Hartmann says. Onaverage, women work fewer hours than men, hold more part-time jobs and earn 77% of what men make, she says. Men also still dominate higher-paying executive ranks.Women have been a growing share of the once heavily male labor force for nearly a century, recording big bumps during epochal (划时代的) events such as the Depression and World War II. This time, the boost came from a severe recession that has been brutal (无情的) on male-dominated professions such as construction and manufacturing.The only parts of the economy still growing — health care, education and government — have traditionally hired mostly women. That dominance has increased in part because federal stimulus funding directed money to education, health care and state and local governments.The gender transformation is especially re markable in local government’s 14.6 million-person workforce. Cities, schools, water authorities and other local legal power have cut 86,000 men from payrolls during the recession —while adding 167,000 women, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics.“Unemployment among men isn’t going to last forever,” says University of Chicago economist Casey Mulligan. “People will move from construction and manufacturing to industries that are creating new jobs.” Mulligan expects the portion of jobs held by w omen to peak slightly above 50% this year, then drop below half when the economy recovers and more men find work.57. What does the author say about the workforce during this recession?A) Men make up the most profitable sectors.B) Women gain jobs while men lose jobs.C) Women take the most jobs in the economy.D) Women outnumber men in few sectors.58. According to labor economist Heidi Hartmann, the current workforce change .A) will bring women equal pay as menB) couldn’t hide sexual inequality that still existsC) reflects women’s struggle to support the familyD) results from men’s domination of higher-paying jobs59. What happened to the women workforce during World War II?A) It decreased suddenly. B) It contributed to the high unemployment rate.C) It enjoyed a boost. D) It took over the male-dominated professions.60. According to the passage, one aim of the federal stimulus funding is to .A) promote health care and education B) create new jobs for laid-off menC) reduce the unemployment rate D) encourage women to work outside the home61. It is anticipated by economist Casey Mulligan that .A) there will be equality in workforce numbers by the end of this yearB) it will be much easier for men to find work compared with womenC) the image that the man has to be the breadwinner will soon changeD) men will exceed women in the workforce with the economic recoveryPassage TwoQuestions 62 to 66 are based on the following passage.Nearly half of US employers research the online profiles of job candidates on social networks such as Facebook, MySpace or LinkedIn, according to a new survey.Forty-five percent of the employers surveyed for , the largest US online job site, said they use social networking sites to check on job candidates, up from just 22 percent in a survey conducted last year.Another 11 percent said they plan to start using social networking sites for screening.“As social networking grows increasingly pervasive, more employers are utilizing these sites to screen potential employees,” CareerBuilder said in a statement. It said job seekers should “be mindful of the information they post online.”CareerBuilder said that of those who conduct online searches as background checks on job candidates, 29 percent use Facebook, 26 percent use LinkedIn and 21 percent use MySpace. Eleven percent search blogs while seven percent follow candidates on micro-blogging service Twitter.Thirty-five percent of those surveyed said they have found content on a social network that caused them not to hire a candidate, CareerBuilder said. Examples included “provocative (挑衅的) or inappropriate photographs or information” or content about drinking or using drugs. Other reasons cited were badmouthing(说坏话) a previous employer, co-workers or clients, poor communication skills, making discriminatory (歧视性的) comments, lying about qualifications or sharing confidential information from a previous employer.Information found on social networking profiles was not always a negative factor in finding a job.Eighteen percent of employers said they have found content on social networking sites that caused them to hire the candidate, CareerBuilder said.Some profiles “provided a good feel for the candidate’s personality” or supported their professional qualifications while oth ers demonstrated creativity or solid communication skills.Ro semary Haefner, vice president of human resources at CareerBuilder, recommended that candidates “clean up digital dirt” befor e beginning a job search by removing photos, content and links which could hurt their chances.The survey of 2,667 hiring managers and human resource professionals was conducted by Harris Interactive between May 22 and June 10. It has a sampling error of plus or minus 1.9 percentage points.62. In the passage, “screening” (Line 1, Para. 3) refers to .A) testing employees for illness B) revealing something that hidesC) checking on potential employees D) conducting online researches63. Social networks websites are used by many employers because the former .A) help reveal what kind of person an job candidate isB) can spread the information of the company in a fast wayC) save companies lots of money on communicationD) help improve employer-employee relationship64. According to the survey, the social networking website used most by employers to check job candidates is .A) CareerBuilder B) MySpace C) Facebook D) LinkedIn65. CareerBuilder’s vice HR president Rosemary Haefner suggested that job seekers .A) take wild party pictures off their blogsB) never talk ill of their previous bossesC) avoid logging on social networks in real nameD) remove all the personal information online66. What is the passage mainly about?A) Social networks have put job seekers at a disadvantage.B) Privacy protection has become more important in job seeking.C) Different employers have different preferences for social network websites.D) More employers resort to social networks when making hiring decisions.Part V Cloze (15 minutes)Researchers have established that when people are mentally engaged, biochemical changes occur in the brain that allow it to act more effectively in cognitive (认知的) areas such as attention a n d memory. This is true 67 of age.People will be alert and receptive 68 they are faced with i n f o r m a t i o n t h a t g e t s t h e m t o t h i n k about things they are interested in. And someone 69 a history of doing more 70 than less will go into old age more cognitively 71 than someone who has not had an active mind.Many experts are so 72 of the benefits of challenging the brain 73 they are putting the theory to 74 in their own lives. “The idea is not 75 to learn to memorize enormous amounts of information,” says James Fozard, associate director of an institute 76 aging. “Most of us don’t need that kind of skill. Such 77 training is of less interest than being able to 78 mental alertness. ” Fozard and others say they 79 their brains with different mental skills, both because they enjoy them and because they are sure that their range of activities will help the way their brains work.Gene Cohen, acting director of the same institute, 80 that people in their old age should81 in mental and physical activities individually as 82 as in groups. Cohen says that we are frequently advised to keep physically active as we age, 83 older people need to keep mentally active as well. Those who do are more 84 to maintain their intellectual abilities and to be generally happier and better 85 , “The point is: you need to do 86 ,” Cohen says. “Intellectual activity actually influences brain-cell health and size.”67. A) referring B) regardlessC) concerning D) despite68. A) unless B) whileC) if D) whether69. A) of B) withC) about D) from70. A) rather B) betterC) other D) greater71. A) ambitious B) reasonableC) perfect D) sound72. A) persuaded B) convincedC) supposed D) counseled73. A) as B) soC) because D) that74. A) work B) jobC) truth D) fact75. A) essentially B) completelyC) necessarily D) remarkably76. A) at B) onC) in D) by77. A) excessive B) generalC) specific D) similar78. A) maintain B) sustainC) retain D) obtain79. A) regulate B) encounterC) stimulate D) challenge80. A) suggests B) advises C) protestsD) supposes81. A) pursueB) involve C) engageD) devote82. A) goodB) wellC) soonD) far83. A) butB) or C) and D) though84. A) obligedB) probable C) likelyD) partial85. A) adaptedB) adopted C) prepared D) adjusted86. A) eitherB) neitherC) allD) both87. Contrast may make something appear more beautiful ___________________________ (比单独看时).88. She has a headache because she ___________________________ (看了太长时间的书).89. Corn was not known in Europe until Columbus ___________________________ (发现玉米被种植) in Cuba.90. You shouldn’t have been following him so closely; you ____________________________ (应该保持距离).91. While crossing the mountain area, all the men carried guns lest they ___________________________ (被野生动物袭击).。