雨刮器-外文翻译

华中科技大学文华学院
毕业设计（论文）外文文献翻译
（本科学生用）
题目：汽车雨刮器的机构设计
学生姓名：学号：
学部（系）:机械与电气工程学部
专业年级: 07机械设计制造及其自动化
指导教师：职称或学位：讲师
2011年3月31日
外文文献翻译（译成中文1000字左右）：
【主要阅读文献不少于5篇，译文后附注文献信息，包括：作者、书名（或论文题目）、出版社（或刊物名称）、出版时间（或刊号）、页码。

提供所译外文资料附件（印刷类含封面、封底、目录、翻译部分的复印件等，网站类的请附网址及原文】
原文：The invented of wiper blade
The windshield wiper was first invented in 1910. The first regular production automobiles had been on the roads since 1900, which means that cars were driving on roads in all kinds of weather for at least ten years without windshield wipers!The idea for windshield wipers was born when the President of the Trico company in the United States was driving his car on a rainy day and, unable to see the road well because of the weather, he hit a boy on a bicycle. Though the boy was not hurt badly, the driver was considerably shaken by the experience. It was his shock at the danger of driving without seeing the road properly that brought about the birth of windshield wipers. But a number of different methods were tried before the motor-driven wiper systems we are familiar with today came about. The initial windshield wiper design was one in which a rubber blade on the windshield was rotated manually. While this allowed the windshield to be cleared and forward vision improved, the operatorâ ™s hand soon tired, and the design was abandoned. The next design was powered by a vacuum driven pump. Unfortunately this design was plagued by the fact that its speed of operation changed with the speed of the vehicle. This failure finally led to the attachment of a motor to the wiper arm, which is essentially the one still in use today.
Reform wipers
Speed wipers (1960 to 1970) appeared in 1968, to help with wind resistance of metal wire.This solved the case of strong wind was out of the window wiper problem.Mazda Luce (Cosmo) are used to accelerate a car windshield wiper.Slender Wiper (1970 -1980) of the development in 1976.With the emergence of ultra-thin wipers help to help reduce glare.Color standard from silver to black now.Modern Wiper (since 1980) introduced after 1980, it shows in high-speed handling of more significant changes.To avoid streaks, use of various parts of the windshield uniform pressure, and now the wipers are based on this design concept.
Origin wipers
Wiper scientific name: WINDSHIELD WIPER, is installed on the windshield of the important parts.His role is to eliminate water accumulation in the windshield, snow and dust.Therefore, in the traffic safety played a key
role.Wiper according to driving style can be divided into mechanical, vacuum, pneumatic, hydraulic and electrical and so on. By the electric wiper motor, crankshaft, transmission pole, arm and other components.
The advantage of frameless wiper blades
Eliminates the framework,joints and openings of conventional blades that can clog with snow,ice and debirs for clean,powerful wipes and reliable all-weather performance.
Smooth,quiet operation in all weather conditions.
Quick and easy installation.
How to installation wiper blade
Hook Type
1:Press the U-clip onto center rivet
2:Insert the wiper arm through the blade hole, pull it back so it hooks over the U-clip, Pull on the wiper blades until the projection on the clip snaps into the wiper blade hole
Bayonet Type
1: Press the adaptor onto the center rivet
2:Insert the arm under holder until the projection on the arm fits in to the hold in the holder.
3: Continue pressing the blade until it is all the way in.
Pin Type
1: Pull up the stopper on the connector
2:Insert the pin on the wiper blade into the hole in the end of the arm until you can see the pin protrude from the other side
How to maintain wiper blade
Inspect windshield wipers every six months for wear and damage, and replace accordingly. A good rule of thumb is to replace at daylight saving time.
Do not wait to replace worn and damaged wipers until the bad weather hits or visibility is so deteriorated that safety is compromised. Eyestrain from poor visibility can lead to driver fatigue and anxiety. A regular inspection schedule will help avoid potentially dangerous situations.
Give your wiper blade rubber elements a quick cleaning when filling up with gas. After the windshield has been cleaned using the service center’s washer solvent and squeegee, wipe down the rubber with a paper towel. Doing so removes any loose dirt and most road grime that can lead to streaking,
smearing and hazing.
While washing your car, put a small amount of Bon Ami on a sponge and clean the windshield and rubber wiping element to remove road grime and
oil-like deposits caused by general vehicle use.
Use an ice scraper as much as possible when deicing vehicles. Allow plenty of time to warm up the vehicle with the defroster on “high” to loosen as much ice and snow as possible. Do not use windshield wipers as ice scrapers.
How to choose and replace blades
Reportedly, 20 percent of all accidents result from impaired vision caused by a dirty or damp windshield. At any given time, industry estimates conclude that 50 percent of the windshield wiper blades on operational vehicles are beyond their functional lifespan. In general, wiper blades should be inspected every six months and replaced as soon as they diminish wet-windshield visibility. Vehicle manufacturers typically recommend replacing blades every 12-18 months. Fresh blades are such vital safety components that many European countries have laws that require replacing wiper blades every 12 months
Wiper Diagnosis
Inspecting their operation can identify wiper problems. Use the car's squirter/mister if equipped and look for these effect and causes:
Noise: friction between the blade and glass or the rubber has torn and slaps the windshield.
Vibration: blade rubber worn or wiper improperly mounted to the arm. Banding in wipe pattern: cracked or hardened blade rubber
Wipers is no tape, no bone steel wipers, wiper jacket, plastic parts, four parts group ride pared to traditional wipers put up, take the group without bone wipers are very simple and convenient; only the workers can be assembled by hand without a screwdriver and other tools.General wipers are scraping by to make the skeleton and glass fitting, because the relationship between their structure, it is impossible to make scraping and glass perfect fit, resulting in no net scraping, scraping easy to wear, noise and other issues.No wipers are guided by the force of a whole article to spread the pressure, making the scraping force uniform parts, you can reduce water marks, scratches generation, to achieve better wiper effect.In addition, jitter can greatly reduce the wear and tear, combined with a uniform force, anti-sun,
popping Wiper bounce.● winter use, should be used to c lean the windshield ice scraper ice surface, ballast, so as not to aggravate the burden of wiper. Edit this paragraph five, to be sure before buying size
Please the buyer carefully before buying to confirm their size wiper used car to avoid trouble.
Edit this paragraph six, the small data
The inch wiper control units and metric units: 14 "- 350mm 16" - 400mm 18 "- 450mm 20" - 500mm 21 "- 525mm 22" - 550mm 24 "- 600mm 26" -
650mm28 "- 700mm
原文来源于网站：
译文：雨刷的发明
雨刷是最早发明于1910年.从1900年就有正规生产汽车在道路上，这意味着汽车没有雨刷在道路上遭受各种天气行驶至少10年！雨刷的构想产生于美国特瑞科公司的董事长在下雨天驾车，由于天气模糊，无法看清道路，导致撞倒了一个骑自行车的男孩。

虽然男孩没有受很大的伤，但是驾驶者被他的经历所震惊。

为他所震惊的是驾驶的危险是在没有完全看清道路的情况下发生的，这引起了雨刷的产生。

在我们熟悉的电动雨刷系统出现以前一系列不同的方法都尝试过。

最早的雨刷设计是一个塑料刀片在挡风玻璃上手动旋转。

虽然这使挡风玻璃变干净，前方的视野变清晰，但操作者的手很快就累了，于是这种设计被放弃了。

另一个的设计是由一个真空驱动泵所引发的。

不幸的是这种设计被操作速度随车速改变的事实所困扰。

这次失败最终导致连接一个电机到雨刮臂，这种本质一直沿用到今天。

雨刷的改革
加速雨刷（1960年到1970年）出现于1968年，它用金属线帮助风的阻力。

这个解决了大风情况下雨刷被脱离窗户的问题。

马自达卢斯（科斯莫）是第一辆使用加速雨刷的车。

细长雨刷（1970年-1980年）发展于1976年。

随着超薄雨刷的出现，有助于帮助减少眩光。

颜色也从银色到现在的标准黑色。

近代雨刷（从1980年起）1980年后引进，它在高速处理上显示出更显著的变化。

为避免出现条纹，在挡风玻璃的各部分使用均匀的压力，现在的雨刷都是基于这种设计理念。

雨刷的起源
雨刷学名：WINDSHIELD WIPER,是在安装上挡风玻璃上的重要部件。

他的作用是消除堆积于挡风玻璃上的雨水，雪和灰尘。

因此，在交通安全上起了重要的作用。

雨刷根据驾驶方式可以分为机械，真空，气动，液压和电气等。

现在汽车一般使用
电动雨刷，具有简单构造，易于控制的优点。

电动雨刷由电机，曲轴，传动杆，臂等组成。

无骨雨刷的优点
无骨雨刷有几大优点:
1、无骨雨刷与弧形的玻璃贴合紧密，受力均匀，刮片涂付碳膜确保刮得更安静、更流畅、更干净。

2、采用空气动力学原理设计，在车辆高速行驶时，刮片不会被气流抬升，确保刮拭更清晰。

3、优化的雨刷结构设计，中间条扁宽，具有遮阳防老化的作用。

4、采用无骨架浮动钢片结构，消除运动发抖。

寿命长、重量轻，比传统雨刷附着力强。

5、橡胶条及覆盖弹簧片，均采用耐臭氧和抗紫外线能力强的橡胶，适应不同的气候条件。

无骨雨刷的安装方法
1、标准接口设计，安装方便，无须更换雨刮臂，直接更换。

2、取下原来的雨刷，把雨刷扣上。

3、如果挡风玻璃上有油、蜡、污物等异物，先处理干净后使用。

雨刷的保养
雨刷应每六个月检查一次，看是否磨损或损坏，并做相应更换或修理。

最好是在天气好的时候检查，不要等到下雨天，或天气的恶劣及雨刷已经损坏的时候再检查。

因为不良的雨刷会导致能见度降低，会使眼睛疲劳而产生焦虑。

定期检查有助于避免潜在的隐患。

当雨刷开始冒气的时候应该进行快速的清洁。

通过务中心的清洗溶剂，刮刀，或橡胶擦拭专用纸巾来清洁后挡风玻璃。

这样做可以消除由于灰尘和污垢的污染导致的雨刷松动
在洗车时，用块海绵沾少量清洗剂拭擦挡风玻璃和雨刷，可去除污垢和挡风玻璃上的划痕。

当有雾气形成是，不要雨刷器除雾，只需打开车辆除雾器开关，过几分钟，挡风玻璃上雾气会自动清除。

如何选择和换雨刷
据报道，由视障意外而引起的20%事故是由肮脏或水渍的挡风玻璃造成的。

在任何特定时间，业内人士预测认为50%在运行的车辆上往往超过他们的功能寿命。

一般来说，雨刷应该每半年进行检测和一旦减少挡风玻璃的视野就应该更换。

汽车制造商通常建议12-18个月更换雨刷。

新雨刷如此重要的安全部件以至于很多欧洲国家制定。