Guideline_for_handling_complains_disputes_20080508
故障和缺陷的处理流程和案例英文
故障和缺陷的处理流程和案例英文Handling Processes and Case Studies for Faults and Defects.Handling faults and defects is a crucial aspect of any product or system, ensuring its reliability, safety, and overall performance. This article delves into the handling processes for faults and defects, along with case studies that illustrate effective practices and lessons learned.Handling Processes for Faults and Defects.1. Identification: The first step is to identify the fault or defect. This involves careful inspection, testing, and monitoring of the product or system. Once identified, the fault or defect should be documented, including its location, nature, and potential impact.2. Classification: Faults and defects are typically classified based on their severity, impact, and urgency.This classification helps prioritize the handling andrepair efforts.3. Isolation: Once classified, the fault or defect needs to be isolated to prevent it from affecting other components or systems. This may involve shutting down certain parts or redirecting flows.4. Repair or Replacement: Depending on the nature of the fault or defect, it may be repaired or replaced. Repairs may involve replacing damaged components, adjusting settings, or recalibrating systems. Replacement, on the other hand, involves swapping out the faulty component with a new one.5. Testing and Verification: After repair or replacement, the product or system needs to be tested and verified to ensure that the fault or defect has been addressed. This may involve functional testing, stress testing, or performance evaluation.6. Documentation and Reporting: Detailed documentationof the fault or defect, its handling, and the results of testing and verification is crucial. This information is essential for future reference, troubleshooting, and improving product or system design.Case Studies.Case Study 1: Aircraft Engine Fault.An airline noticed a decrease in performance and efficiency in one of its aircraft engines. After careful inspection and testing, it was identified that a compressor blade was damaged. The fault was classified as severe dueto its potential impact on flight safety and performance.To isolate the fault, the affected engine was shut down, and the aircraft was ferried to a maintenance facility. The damaged compressor blade was replaced with a new one, and the engine underwent rigorous testing to ensure its safety and performance. The aircraft was then cleared for flight, and the incident was documented for future reference.Lessons Learned: Regular inspection and maintenance of aircraft engines are crucial. Prompt identification and handling of faults can prevent major incidents and ensure flight safety.Case Study 2: Software Bug in a Healthcare System.A healthcare system experienced frequent crashes and slowdowns, affecting patient care and operations. After analyzing the system logs, it was discovered that asoftware bug was causing the issues.The bug was isolated, and a patch was developed to address it. The patch was then deployed to the system, and extensive testing was conducted to ensure its effectiveness. Once verified, the patch was rolled out to all affected systems, resolving the crashes and slowdowns.Lessons Learned: Continuous monitoring and updating of software systems are essential. Quick response andeffective handling of software bugs can minimize downtime and ensure smooth operations.In conclusion, effective handling of faults and defects is paramount for the reliability, safety, and performance of any product or system. By following the outlined handling processes and learning from case studies, organizations can ensure prompt and effective resolution of faults and defects, minimizing downtime and maximizing operational efficiency.。
ClientAICGuide
32
在服务器上注册客户端或仪器控制器 仅安装 OpenLAB Help and Learning 提高离线机器的性能 37 4 许可证 39 40
关于 OpenLAB CDS 许可 获取许可证 41 安装许可证 44 5 配置 OpenLAB CDS 47
配置身份验证 48 配置安全策略 49 配置用户和角色 50
本书内容如有改变，恕不另行通 知。安捷伦科技公司对本材料，及 由此引出的任何商务和特种用途不 承担责任。安捷伦科技公司对本手 册中可能有的错误或与装置、性能 及材料使用有关内容而带来的意外 伤害和问题不负任何责任。如果安 捷伦与用户对本书中的警告术语有 不同的书面协议，这些术语与本书 中的警告术语冲突，则以协议中的 警告术语为准。
OpenLAB CDS 客户端和 AIC
11
1
安装 OpenLAB CDS 安装 OpenLAB 服务器 3 在开始屏幕上，选择 “OpenLAB CDS”并单击 “确定” 。
4 单击 “安装 / 升级” 。
Content Management
AIC 控制面板 Microsoft 控制面板 Shared Services
OpenLAB CDS 客户端和 AIC
3
内容提要 ...
1 安装 OpenLAB CDS
本章介绍在客户端 / 服务器环境中 OpenLAB CDS 软件的安装。
2 安装后任务
本章介绍了完成安装后的相关任务。
安全警告
小心
小心提示表示危险。提醒您 在操作过程中注意，如果执 行不当，将影响产品或丢失 重要数据。不要忽视小心提 示。
手册部件号
M8420-97001
版本
08/2016 Germany 印刷 Agilent Technologies Hewlett-Packard-Strasse 8 76337 Waldbronn
斑马技术公司DS8108数字扫描仪产品参考指南说明书
霍尼韦尔C6097A,B压力开关说明书
PRODUCT DATA65-0237-1CP-UM-5109E® U.S. Registered TrademarkCopyright © 2000 Honeywell Inc. • All Rights ReservedC6097A,BPressure SwitchesAPPLICATIONThe C6097 Pressure Switches are safety devices used in positive-pressure or differential-pressure systems to sense gas or air pressure changes.FEATURES•For use with natural gas, liquid propane (LP) gas, or air.•Diaphragm-actuated safety-limit switch.•Switch can be wired to turn on alarm.•C6097A models break control circuit at setpoint on pressure fall.•C6097B models break control circuit at setpoint on pressure rise.•Lockout with manual reset and recycle options.•Lockout models have external manual reset button.•Removable transparent cover protects scaleplate and adjusting knob.•Pipe tappings allow selection of positive pressure, differential pressure (air only) or venting connections (NPT mount only).•1/4 in. NPT or flange mount models for direct mounting to Honeywell Integrated Valve Train.•Optional switch position indicator lamp available.•IP54 enclosure standard.•Ranges: 0.4 to 5 in. wc, 3 to 21 in. wc, 12 to 60 in. wc or 1.5 to 7 psi.•Surge orifice.ContentsApplication ........................................................................1Features ...........................................................................1Specifications ...................................................................2Ordering Information ........................................................2Installation ........................................................................4Wiring ...............................................................................5Settings and Adjustments .................................................5Operation and Checkout ..................................................6C6097A,B PRESSURE SWITCHES65-0237—12ORDERING INFORMATIONWhen purchasing replacement and modernization products from your TRADELINE® wholesaler or distributor, refer to theTRADELINE® Catalog or price sheets for complete ordering number.If you have additional questions, need further information, or would like to comment on our products or services, please write or phone:1.Your local Home and Building Control Sales Office (check white pages of your phone directory).2.Home and Building Control Customer Logistics Honeywell Inc., 1885 Douglas Drive NorthMinneapolis, Minnesota 55422-4386 (612) 951-1000In Canada—Honeywell Limited/Honeywell Limitée, 155 Gordon Baker Road, North York, Ontario M2H 3N7.International Sales and Service Offices in all principal cities of the world. Manufacturing in Australia, Canada, Finland, France, Germany, Japan, Mexico, Netherlands, Spain, Taiwan, United Kingdom, U.S.A.SPECIFICATIONSModels:C6097A Pressure Switch: Breaks a circuit when pressure falls to scale setting. See Table 1.C6097B Pressure Switch: Breaks a circuit when pressure rises to scale setting. See Table 1.Table 2 shows switch ratings and Table 3 shows alternate electrical ratings when used with Honeywell Flame Safeguard Programmers.Minimum Ambient Temperature: -40°F (-40°C).Maximum Ambient Temperature: 140°F (60°C).Connections (Depending on Model):1/4-18 NPT tapping for main or high-pressure connection.1/8-27 NPT tapping for vent or low-pressure connection (air only).Flange mount for connection to Honeywell Integrated Valve Train (internal vent only, no external connections).Scale Range:0.4 to 5 in. wc (0.10 kPa to 1.25 kPa).3 to 21 in. wc (0.75 to 5.23 kPa).12 to 60 in. wc (3.0 kPa to 15 kPa).1.5 to 7 psi (10.3 kPa to 48 kPa).Approvals:Underwriters Laboratories Inc. listed.Canadian Standards Association listed.Factory Mutual: Approved.Industrial Risk Insurers: Acceptable.CSD-1 AFB: Acceptable.Accessories:32003041-001 C6097 Cover for manual reset models.32003040-001 C6097 Cover for recycle models.32003039-001 Position Indication Lamp Kit.Dimensions: See Fig. 1 and 2.Fig. 1. C6097 1/4 in. NPT Mount dimensions in in. (mm).C6097A,B PRESSURE SWITCHES365-0237—1a Acceptable media: Natural gas, liquid propane (LP) gas, and air .Table 1. Pressure Switch Model Selection.Model Operating Pressure Range Manual Reset DifferentialNon-Manual ResetDifferentialDifferential Type Maximum Rated Pressure(continuous) (psi)Manual Reset Media a Switch Action at Setpoint Comments Maximumat Minimum Setpoint Maximumat MaximumSetpoint Nominal Maximum C6097A10040.4 to 5 in. wc——0.16 in. wc 0.24 in. wc Additive2.9 No Air/Gas Breaks N.O. to C.connection on pressure fall.1/4 in. NPT Mount C6097A1012 3 to 21 in. wc2.4 in. wc 4.2 in. wc —— 4.3Yes Air/Gas 1/4 in. NPT Mount C6097A1020 3 to 21 in. wc 2.4 in. wc 4.2 in. wc —— 4.3Yes Air/Gas Flange Mount C6097A103812 to 60 in. wc 10 in. wc 12 in. wc —— 4.8Yes Air/Gas 1/4 in. NPT Mount C6097A104612 to 60 in. wc10 in. wc12 in. wc—— 4.8Yes Air/Gas Flange Mount C6097A1053 3 to 21 in. wc—0.24 in. wc0.48 in. wc 4.3No Air/Gas 1/4 in. NPT Mount C6097A1061 3 to 21 in. wc ——0.24 in. wc0.48 in. wc4.3No Air/Gas Flange Mount C6097A107912 to 60 in. wc —— 1.1 in. wc 2.4 in. wc 4.8No Air/Gas 1/4 in. NPT Mount C6097A108712 to 60 in. wc—— 1.1 in. wc 2.4 in. wc 4.8No Air/Gas Flange Mount C6097A10950.4 to 5 in. wc 0.6 in. wc 1.0 in. wc —— 2.9Yes Air/Gas 1/4 in. NPT Mount C6097A1103 1.5 to 7 psi 1.1 psi 1.4 psi ——9.3Yes Air/Gas Flange Mount C6097A1111 1.5 to 7 psi 1.1 psi 1.4 psi ——9.3Yes Air/Gas 14 in. NPT Mount C6097A1129 1.5 to 7 psi ——0.1 psi 0.39.3No Air/Gas Flange Mount C6097A1137 1.5 to 7 psi——0.1 psi 0.39.3No Air/Gas 1/4 in. NPT Mount C6097A12100.4 to 5 in. wc——0.16 in. wc 0.24 in. wc 2.9No Air/Gas Flange Mount C6097A12280.4 to 5 in. wc ———— 2.9Yes Air/Gas Flange MountC6097B100212 to 60 in. wc 10 in. wc 12 in. wc ——Subtractive4.8Yes Air/Gas Breaks N.C. to C. connectionon pressure rise.1/4 in. NPT Mount C6097B101012 to 60 in. wc10 in. wc12 in. wc —— 4.8Yes Air/Gas Flange Mount C6097B1028 3 to 21 in. wc2.4 in. wc 4.2 in. wc —— 4.3Yes Air/Gas 1/4 in. NPT MountC6097B1036 3 to 21 in. wc 2.4 in. wc 4.2 in. wc —— 4.3Yes Air/Gas Flange Mount C6097B1044 1.5 to 7 psi 1.1 psi 1.4 psi ——21.0Yes Air/Gas Flange Mount C6097B1051 1.5 to 7 psi1.1 psi1.4 psi ——21.0Yes Air/Gas 1/4 in. NPT Mount C6097B1069 3 to 21 in. wc ——0.24 in. wc0.48 in. wc4.3No Air/Gas Flange Mount C6097B107712 to 60 in. wc —— 1.1 in. wc 2.4 in. wc 4.8No Air/Gas Flange Mount C6097B108512 to 60 in. wc —— 1.1 in. wc 2.4 in. wc 4.8No Air/Gas 1/4 in. NPT Mount C6097B1093 1.5 to 7 psi ——0.1 psi 0.3 psi 21.0No Air/Gas Flange Mount C6097B1101 1.5 to 7 psi——0.1 psi 0.3 psi 21.0No Air/Gas 1/4 in. NPT Mount C6097B11193 to 21 in. wc——0.24 in. wc0.48 in. wc4.3NoAir/Gas1/4 in. NPT MountC6097A,B PRESSURE SWITCHES65-0237—14Table 2. Switch Ratings (Amperes)Table 3. Alternate Electrical Ratings when used withHoneywell Flame Safeguard Programmers.Fig. 2. C6097 Flange Mount dimensions in in. (mm).INSTALLATIONWARNINGExplosion or Fire Hazard.Can cause severe personal injury, death or property damage.Observe all safety requirements each time a control is installed on a burner.When Installing this Product...1.Read these instructions carefully. Failure to follow them can damage the product or cause a hazardous condition.2.Check the ratings given in the instructions and on the product to make sure that the product is suitable for your application.3.Installer must be a trained, experienced service technician.4.After installation is completed, check out product operation as provided in these instructions.WARNINGElectrical Shock Hazard.Can cause serious personal injury or death.Disconnect power supply before beginning installation. More than one disconnection can be involved.MountingNOTE:On flange models, remove the label holding theO-ring in place and make sure O-ring seal is in place before mounting the pressure switch on the valve.The C6097 models allow NPT or flange (directly to valve) mounting. The NPT models have a hexagonal fitting with a 1/4 in. NPT tapping, which is the high pressure connection, in differential applications. The bleed fitting is 1/8 in. NPTtapped. In differential pressure control applications using air only, connect the lower pressure to the bleed fitting. See Fig. 1 and Table 1. In applications using combustible gases, vent the bleed tapping according to applicable standard code or jurisdictional authority.C6097 models with flange mount can be fitted directly toHoneywell Integrated Valve Train (model specific). See Fig. 2 and Table 1. The flange mount models vent internally, with no external tap.Mount the C6097A,B in any position.Leak CheckAfter installation, perform a leak check on the pressure switch:1.Turn on main gas. Make sure gas has reached thepressure switch (e.g., high gas pressure switch)2.Check installation for gas leaks using a gas leak detector or a soap solution.120/240 Vac, 50/60 HzInductive Full Load 3.0Locked Rotor18.0Resistive5.0DeviceRatingIgnition Transformer 540 VA Pilot Valve 50 VAMain Valve400 VA with 2-1/2 times inrush.C6097A,B PRESSURE SWITCHES565-0237—1WIRINGWARNINGElectrical Shock Hazard.Can cause serious personal injury or death.Disconnect power supply before beginning installation. More than one disconnection can be involved.Make sure that all wiring agrees with all applicable localcodes, ordinances and regulations. An opening is provided to accommodate rigid conduit or armored cable for line voltage operation (see Fig. 3 and 4). Do not overload the switch contacts (see Switch Ratings in the Specifications section). The switching schematic is shown in Fig. 5.Fig. 3. C6097 (manual reset switch model)with cover removed.Fig. 4. C6097 (recycle model) with cover removed.SETTINGS AND ADJUSTMENTSPressure Setpoint Adjustmentdial (Fig. 3, 4 and 5) clockwiseto decrease the pressure setting.Fig. 5. C6097 schematic.C6097A,B PRESSURE SWITCHES65-0237—16OPERATION AND CHECKOUTOperationThe manual reset C6097A diaphragm actuates the snap-acting switch to break a control circuit and lock out when pressure falls to the scale setting. The recycle C6097Amodels recycle automatically when the control circuit returns to scale setting plus differential.The manual reset C6097B diaphragm actuates the snap-acting switch that breaks a control circuit and locks out when the pressure rises to the scale setting. The recycle C6097B models recycle automatically when the control pressure falls to the scale setting minus differential.Manual ResettingThe C6097A manual reset models lock out when pressure falls to the scale setting and require manual resetting after the pressure rises to scale setting plus differential to resume normal operation.The C6097B manual reset models lock out when pressure rises to the scale setting and require manual resetting after the pressure falls to scale setting minus the differential to resume normal operation.To reset, once normal operating pressure is restored, push the reset button in as far as it goes, then release.IMPORTANTLockout models cannot be made to recycleautomatically by permanently holding in the reset lever.CheckoutC6097 Gas Fuel Application1.Set cutoff pressure.2.Open main supply line. Depress reset lever on lockout models until switch makes control circuit.3.Set controller and limit switch to call for heat.4.For C6097A: Close the manual gas shutoff valve. C6097 should open control circuit when pressure reaches cutoff point.For C6097B: Open the manual gas shutoff valve, wait a few minutes for the pressure to rise; then lower the scale setting until the switch breaks control circuit and locks out.5.For C6097A: Open the shutoff valve, return thepressure switch to its original setting and press the reset button (if necessary).For C6097B: raise setting to normal and press reset button (if necessary).6.Allow system to operate through at least one complete cycle to make sure all components are functioning properly.C6097A Air Application1.Set cutoff pressure.2.Turn on fan.3.Block fan inlet or filter area. Switch should break control circuit when pressure drops to cutoff point. Manual reset models lock out.4.Remove obstruction. Press reset lever (manual reset models) and allow system to operate through at least one complete cycle to be sure all components are functioning properly.765-0237—165-0237—1 G.R. Rev. 4-00Home and Building Control Home and Building ControlHoneywell Asia Pacific Inc.Honeywell Inc.Honeywell Limited-Honeywell Limitée Room 3213-3225Honeywell Plaza 155 Gordon Baker Road Sun Hung Kai Centre P.O. Box 524North York, Ontario No. 30 Harbour Road Minneapolis, MN 55408-0524M2H 3N7Wanchai Hong KongHoneywell Latin American Region Honeywell Europe S.A.480 Sawgrass Corporate Parkway 3 Avenue du Bourget Suite 2001140 Brussels Sunrise FL 33325Belgium。
工具测试的流程和接入点的原则
工具测试的流程和接入点的原则英文回答：The process and principles of tool testing can vary depending on the specific tool and its purpose. However, there are some general guidelines that can be followed.1. Define the objectives: Before starting the testing process, it is important to clearly define the objectives of the tool being tested. This includes understanding the purpose of the tool, its intended use, and the expected outcomes.For example, if we are testing a software testing tool, the objective may be to evaluate its effectiveness in identifying bugs and improving the overall quality of the software.2. Identify the testing scope: Once the objectives are defined, it is necessary to determine the scope of thetesting. This involves identifying the specific features and functionalities of the tool that will be tested.Continuing with the software testing tool example, the scope may include testing the tool's ability to automate test cases, generate test reports, and integrate with other testing tools.3. Develop test cases: Test cases are the specific scenarios and conditions that will be used to evaluate the tool's performance. It is important to develop a comprehensive set of test cases that cover all the relevant aspects of the tool.For instance, in the case of the software testing tool, test cases may include scenarios such as running automated tests on different browsers, checking for compatibility with different operating systems, and verifying the accuracy of test reports.4. Execute test cases: Once the test cases are developed, they need to be executed using the tool. Thisinvolves following the defined steps and inputs to evaluate the tool's performance.During the execution of test cases, it is important to record any issues or defects encountered. These issues can then be reported to the tool developers for resolution.5. Analyze and evaluate results: After executing the test cases, the results need to be analyzed and evaluated. This includes comparing the actual outcomes with the expected outcomes and identifying any discrepancies.For example, if the software testing tool was expected to identify a certain number of bugs but failed to do so, it indicates a potential issue with the tool's effectiveness.6. Provide feedback and recommendations: Based on the analysis of the test results, feedback and recommendations can be provided to the tool developers. This helps in improving the tool's performance and addressing any identified issues.It is important to provide clear and constructive feedback, highlighting both the strengths and weaknesses of the tool.中文回答：工具测试的流程和接入点的原则可以根据具体的工具和其目的而有所不同。
BU_61580寄存器说明中文版
目录
1 SOFTWARE INTERFACE 软件接口 ....................................................................................................................... 1 1.1. POWER TURN-ON/INITIALIZATION STATE 上电/初始化状态 .................................................................... 1 1.2. OVERALL ADDRESS MAPPING: WORDS VS. BYTES 整体地址映射：字 和 位 ........................................ 2 1.3. SOFTWARE INTERFACE: INTERNAL RAM 软件接口：内部 RAM .............................................................. 3 1.4. INTERNAL REGISTERS ADDRESS AND BIT MAPPING 内部寄存器地址和位映射 ..................................... 3 1.5. INTERRUPT MASK REGISTER 中断屏蔽寄存器 ........................................................................................ 6 1.5.1. RAM PARITY ERROR RAM 校验错误..................................
DISPOSABLE GUIDE 使用手册说明书
This document provides instructions for use of disposable guides referenced below. It facilitates the routine use of the device.It is intended for medical staff authorized to perform or assist an endocavity ultrasound guided exam.I NTENDED USE OF THE GUIDE :The disposable guide is used by physicians and is dedicated for endocavity diagnosis ultrasound needle/instrument guided procedure. The guide is fixed on the endocavity probe.This device allows a fixed guidance of the needle / instrument so that when coupled to the ultrasound system, the trajectory of the needle / instrument appears in the ultrasound image of the map to guide the procedures needle/ instrument placement.Disposable guides for biopsy are packaged individually and delivered sterile.Technical Reference of GuidesKDNG00Reference of the endocavity probeKOELIS K3DEC00/ K3DEC00-2Dimensions of compatible needles and instrumentsΦ = 15-18 G (1,3-1,8 mm/ 0.05- 0.07 inches), Minimum length= 20cm /7,9 inchesI NDICATION FOR USE :The disposable guide is dedicated for endocavity diagnosis ultrasound needle/instrument guided procedure. It is intended for clinicians and assistant clinicians, in clinic and hospital, to guide linear instrument with a transrectal approach.Warning: The present notice does not provide any training information on clinical practices.Before using the disposable guide, the user must have been trained and cleared for clinical practice in endocavity puncture. The operator must be aware that the success of the intervention depends on his knowledge of the system and on his level of training. It is the operator’s duty to understand before use all relevant technical and regulatory aspects that apply to the device.KOELIS shall assume no responsibility in the event of incorrect use of the device.GENERAL PRESENTATIONMANUFACTURER : KOELIS, 16 Chemin du Vieux Chêne, 38240 MEYLAN Tel: +33 (0)4 58 17 68 10 Fax: +33 (0)4 58 17 68 24 SERVICE:Tel: +33 (0)4 58 17 68 17 Email:******************SYMBOLS:Product reference ManufacturerExpiration date Year-Month YYYY-MMProduct lotWarning, see instructionsDo not use if the packaging is damaged.0459European ConformityQuantity in the packageDisposable productCompatible endocavitary probeSee user manualSterile product with EthyleneoxydeCaution: Federal (USA) Law restricts this device to sale by or on the order of a physician.Do not re-sterilizeINSTRUCTION FOR USEP ROBE P ROTECTIONG UIDE F IXATION1) Place an appropriate amount of gel in cover and/oron transducer face (Fig. 1 and 2).2) Insert transducer into cover (Fig. 3). Make sure torespect proper hygiene rules to avoid contamination.3) Gently pull the cover over the transducer (Fig. 4).Take care not to damage the cover.4)Tighten cover to avoid wrinkles and air bubbles1) Orient needle guide (cone towards the probehandle).2) Install the guide in the proximal notch (Fig. 1)3) Press down to plug the guide on the distal notch (Fig.2).4) Check that the guide sits firmly in both notches. 5) Cover the guide with a second protective sheathWarning :▪ Always cover the transducer with a sheath to protect patient and user from cross-contamination ▪ Do not use the guide if it is impossible to fix it on the probe.▪ Check the condition of the needle/instrument before the introduction in the guide.▪ A worn-out guide (excessive mechanical play, torsion, bending, cracks, etc.) must not be used and must be replaced.▪ Avoid moving the probe while the needle is inserted in body tissues, else the needle may bend to an extent that its tip leaves the imaging plane and is no longer visible in the ultrasound image.▪ If the needle is not visible in the ultrasound image during insertion in body tissues, immediately interrupt the intervention and verify that the guide is correctly mounted on the probe. Also check that it has no defects like a bent tube or excessive play. If the problem persists immediately stop using the guide. Note that the problem may also be caused by a defective probe.Recommendations :▪ Use only water-soluble agents or gels. Petroleum or mineral oil -based materials may harm cover. Using no gel may induce poor image quality.▪ Avoid wrinkles and air bubbles which could decrease image quality or even puncture cover, use 35mm/1.4 inches diameter cover.LIFETIME, TRANSPORT, MANUTENTION, STORAGEThe guide is delivered sterile and intended for single-use. Recommendation :It is important to take particular care of the disposable guides during transport, manutention and storage, in order to prevent any deterioration (torsion, breakage, etc.). More particularly, it is recommended to use rigid and padded containers for guide transportation, and to store them in maximal hygiene conditions. Warning :The disposables are packed sterile and intended for single use only. Do not use if the package integrity has been compromised or if the expiration date is exceeded.Do not reuse, reprocess or resterilize the disposable guide. Reuse, reprocessing or re-sterilization may result in contamination of the guide and cause infection in the patient or lead to cross-infection .DISPOSALWarning :Discard disposable components as infectious waste.Users of this product have the obligation and responsibility to provide the highest level of infection control for patients, staff and themselves. To avoid cross contamination, follow the infection control principles.Consult your system manual for more information on the restatement of the transducer between uses.。
RoHS标准
111/24/CDCOMMITTEE DRAFT (CD)IEC 62321, Ed.1: Procedures for the Determination of Levels of Regulated Substances in Electrotechnical Products(Titre) :Introductory noteGlobal legislation dealing with hazardous substances, most notably the Directive on “Restriction of Hazardous Substances” (RoHS) in Europe, is forcing the electrotechnical industry to develop methods for analytical testing of its components and products for regulated substances. Recognizing the electrotechnical industry’s need to develop global, standardized test methods for regulated substances in electrical, electronic and electrotechnical products, ACEA (IEC’s Advisory Committee on Environmental Aspects) decided in March 2004 to form an ad hoc working group to develop test procedures that will allow the electrotechnical industry to determine the levels of six regulated substances (Pb, Hg, Cd, Cr VI, PBB, PBDE) in electrotechnical products on a consistent global basis.Through AC/19A/2004 experts for this ad hoc WG were nominated and a first working draft was finished by the ad hoc WG in December 2004. This draft was also included in the NP (111/2/NP) for TC 111, drawing comments by NCs as well as by industry stakeholders. The work started in the ACEA ad hoc WG was in March 2005 successfully transferred to TC 111/WG 3 (111/9/RVN), officially established in the first IEC TC 111 meeting (Milano, 2005-03-22/23) with the goal to publish a CD by June 2005 (see Decision 01/03 in 111/11/INF). The WG 3 is under severe time pressure, as the EU RoHS directive will come into force 1st July 2006 and there is a very strong market requirement to provide a standard by then.The CD addresses the comments received by the NCs (from 111/9/RVN), other stakeholders and the results of the first TC 111/WG3 meeting, held in Paris on 2005-05-23/24 (111/20/INF). To understand how the comments have been addressed, an additional document has been prepared: 111/25/INF, which lists all comments received and the action taken by the WG 3.FORM CD (IEC)2002-08-08Copyright © 2005 International Electrotechnical Commission, IEC . All rights reserved. It is permitted to download this electronic file, to make a copy and to print out the content for the sole purpose of preparing National Committee positions. You may not copy or "mirror" the file or printed version of the document, or any part of it, for any other purpose without permission in writing from IEC.International Electrotechnical CommissionProcedures for the Determination of Levels of Six Regulated Substances (Lead, Mercury, Hexavalent Chromium, Polybrominated Biphenyls, Polybrominated Biphenyl Ether) in Electrotechnical ProductsIEC TC 111 Working Group 3CONTENTSFOREWORD (87)INTRODUCTION (98)1Scope (109)2References (109)3Definitions (109)4Test Procedure Overview (1110)4.1Test Procedure Scope (1110)4.2Sample (1211)4.3Test Procedure Flow (1312)4.4Adjustment to Material (Matrix) (1514)4.5Laboratory Report (1514)4.6Alternative Procedures (1514)5Mechanical Sample Preparation (1615)5.1Scope, Application and Summary of Method (1615)5.2References, Normative References, Reference Methods and ReferenceMaterials (1615)5.3Terms and Definitions (1615)5.4Apparatus / Equipment and Materials (1615)5.5Procedure (1716)5.5.1Sample (1716)5.5.2Manual Cutting (1716)5.5.3Coarse grinding /milling (1716)5.5.4Homogenizing (1716)5.5.5Fine grinding / milling (1716)5.5.6Very Fine Grinding of Polymers and Organic Materials (1716)6Screening by XRF Spectroscopy (1918)6.1Scope (1918)6.2Normative references (1918)6.3Terms and definitions (2019)6.4Apparatus/Equipment and Materials (2019)6.5Test Procedure (2019)6.5.1Preparation of the Spectrometer (2019)6.5.2Calibration (2019)6.5.3Verification of Spectrometer performance (2120)6.5.4Presentation of Sample for Measurement (2120)6.5.5Screening test (2221)6.5.6Interpretation of results (2221)6.6Method Evaluation (2221)6.7Annex (informative) (2221)6.7.1Instrument Precision (3-sigma value in Table 2) (2221)6.7.2Recommended analysis lines in the XRF Spectrum (2322)6.7.3Matrix and Interference Effects (2322)6.7.4Uniformity of the Sample (2423)7Determination of PBB and PBDE in Polymer Materials by GC/MS (2625)7.1Scope, Summary of Method and Application (2625)7.2References, Normative References, Reference Methods and ReferenceMaterials (2625)7.3Terms and Definition (2625)7.4Apparatus / Equipment and Materials (2726)7.4.1Apparatus (2726)7.4.2Equipment (2726)7.5Reagents (2726)7.6Sample Preparation (2827)7.6.1Sample Identification (2827)7.6.2Extraction (2827)7.6.3Sample cleanup and purification (2827)7.7Test Procedure (2928)7.7.1Calibration (2928)7.7.2Instrument performance (2928)7.7.3Sample Analysis (2928)7.7.4Calculation of Analytical Results (2928)7.7.5Quality Control (3029)7.8Evaluation of the Method (3029)7.9Annex (3029)8Determination of PBB and PBDE in Polymer Materials by High Pressure Liquid Chromatography with Ultraviolet Detection (HPLC/UV) (3231)8.1Scope, Application and Summary of Method (3231)8.2References, Normative References, Reference Methods and ReferenceMaterials (3231)8.3Terms and Definitions (3231)8.4Apparatus / Equipment and Materials (3231)8.4.1Apparatus / Equipment (3231)8.4.2Materials (3231)8.5Reagents (3231)8.5.1Standard preparation / Stock solution preparation (3332)8.6Sample Preparation (3332)8.7Test Procedure (3332)8.7.1Calibration (3332)8.7.2Instrument performance (3332)8.7.3Sample Analysis (3332)8.7.4Calculation of Analytical Results (3433)8.7.5Test Report (3433)8.7.6Quality Control (3433)8.8Evaluation of the Method (3433)9Test for the Presence of Hexavalent Chromium (Cr VI) in Colorless and Colored Chromate Coating on Metallic Samples (3635)9.1Scope, Application and Summary of Method (3635)9.2References, Normative References, Reference Methods and ReferenceMaterials (3635)9.3Terms and Definitions (3635)9.4Apparatus / Equipment and Materials (3635)9.5Reagents (3736)9.6Sample Preparation (3736)9.7Test Procedures (3736)9.7.1Spot-test Procedure (3736)9.7.2Boiling-water-extraction procedure (3837)9.8Evaluation of the Method (3837)10Determination of Hexavalent Chromium (Cr VI) by Colorimetric Method (3938)10.1Scope, Application and Summary of Method (3938)10.2References, Normative References, Reference Methods and ReferenceMaterials (3938)10.3Terms and Definitions (4039)10.4Apparatus / Equipment and Materials (4140)10.4.1Apparatus / Equipment (4140)10.4.2Materials (4140)10.4.3Reagents (4140)10.5Sample Preparation (4241)10.6Test Procedure (4241)10.6.1Extraction (4241)10.6.2Color development and measurement (4342)10.6.3Preparation of calibration curve (4342)10.6.4Calculation of Analytical Results (4342)10.6.5Quality Control (4443)10.7Evaluation of the Method (4544)11Determination of Mercury in Polymer Materials, Metallic Materials and Electronics by CV-AAS, AFS, and ICP-AES/MS (4645)11.1Scope, Application and Summary of Method (4645)11.2References, Normative References, Reference Methods and ReferenceMaterials (4645)11.3Terms and Definitions (4746)11.4Apparatus / Equipment and Materials (4847)11.5Reagents (4847)11.5.1Contaminations (4948)11.6Sample Preparation (4948)11.6.1Test portion (4948)11.6.2Wet Digestion (Digestion of metal materials and electronics) (4948)11.6.3Microwave digestion with HNO3/HBF4/H2O2 (5049)11.7Test Procedure (5049)11.7.1Standard preparation / Stock solution preparation (5049)11.7.2Calibration (5150)11.7.3Instrument performance (5150)11.7.4Instrument parameters (5150)11.7.5Sample Analysis (5251)11.7.6Calculation of Analytical Results (5251)11.8Evaluation of the Method (5352)11.9Annex (informative) (5352)12Determination of Lead and Cadmium in Polymer Materials by ICP-AES, ICP-MS, and AAS (5453)12.1Scope, Application and Summary of Method (5453)12.2References, Normative References, Reference Methods and ReferenceMaterials (5453)12.3Terms and Definitions (5453)12.4Apparatus/Equipment and Materials (5554)12.4.1Apparatus/Equipment (5554)12.5Reagents (5655)12.6Sample Preparation (5756)12.6.1Test portion (5756)12.6.2Preparation of test solution (5756)12.6.3Preparation of laboratory reagent blank (5958)12.7Test Procedure (5958)12.7.1Preparation of calibration solution (5958)12.7.2Development of calibration curve (6059)12.7.3Measurement of sample (6059)12.7.4Calculation (6160)12.8Evaluation of the Method (6160)12.9Annex (informative) (6160)12.9.1ICP/AES(-OES) (6160)12.9.2ICP/MS (6261)12.9.3AAS (6261)13Determination of Lead and Cadmium in Metallic Materials by ICP-AES, ICP-MS, and AAS (6362)13.1Scope, Application and Summary of Method (6362)13.2References, Normative References, Reference Methods and ReferenceMaterials (6362)13.3Terms and Definitions (6362)13.4Apparatus/Equipment and Materials (6463)13.5Reagents (6564)13.6Sample Preparation (6665)13.6.1Test portion (6665)13.6.2Preparation of test sample solution (6665)13.6.3Preparation of laboratory reagent blank (6766)13.7Test Procedure (6766)13.7.1Preparation of calibration standard (6766)13.7.2Measurement of calibration standard (6867)13.7.3Measurement of sample (6867)13.7.4Calculation (6867)13.8Evaluation of the Method (6968)13.9Annex (informative) (6968)13.9.1ICP/AES(-OES) (6968)13.9.2ICP/MS (7170)13.9.3AAS (7170)14Determination of Lead and Cadmium in Electronics by ICP-AES, ICP-MS, and AAS (7271)14.1Scope, Application and Summary of Method (7271)14.2References, Normative References, Reference Methods and ReferenceMaterials (7271)14.3Terms and Definitions (7372)14.4Apparatus / Equipment and Materials (7372)14.5Reagents (7473)14.6Sample Preparation (7574)14.6.1Test portion (7574)14.6.2Digestion with aqua regia (7574)14.6.3Microwave digestion (7675)14.7Test Procedure (7776)14.7.1Preparation of calibration solution (7776)14.7.2Standard preparation (7776)14.7.3Calibration (7877)14.7.4Development of calibration curve (7877)14.7.5Measurement of sample (7978)14.7.6Calculation of Analytical Results (7978)14.8Evaluation of the Method (7978)14.9Annex (informative) (7978)14.9.1ICP/AES(-OES) (8079)14.9.2ICP/MS (8281)14.9.3AAS (8281)15Reference Methods and Materials (8382)15.1Commercially Available Reference Materials (CRM) (8382)15.2In-House Reference Materials (8382)15.3Creation of New Certified Reference Material (8382)Annex A (informative) A Practical Guide for Testing Electronic Products (8685)A.1Introduction (8685)A.2Scope (8685)A.3Testing of Products (8786)A.3.1Evaluation of a Product without Disassembly (8786)A.3.2Evaluation of a Product Using Simple Disassembly Techniques (8887)A.3.3Evaluation of a Product Using Detailed Disassembly Techniques (8988)A.4Additional Guidance (9089)A.5Interpretation of Test Results Applied to Materials Isolated from Products (9190)Procedures for the Determination of Levels of Six Regulated Substances (Lead, Mercury, Hexavalent Chromium, Polybrominated Biphenyls, Polybrominated Biphenyl Ether) in Electrotechnical ProductsFOREWORD1) The IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) is a worldwide organization for standardization comprisingall national electrotechnical committees (IEC National Committees). The object of the IEC is to promote international co-operation on all questions concerning standardization in the electrical and electronic fields. To this end and in addition to other activities, the IEC publishes International Standards. Their preparation is entrusted to technical committees; any IEC National Committee interested in the subject dealt with may participate in this preparatory work. International, governmental and non-governmental organizations liaising with the IEC also participate in this preparation. The IEC collaborates closely with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) in accordance with conditions determined by agreement between the two organizations.2) The formal decisions or agreements of the IEC on technical matters express, as nearly as possible, aninternational consensus of opinion on the relevant subjects since each technical committee has representation from all interested National Committees.3) The documents produced have the form of recommendations for international use and are published in the formof standards, technical reports or guides and they are accepted by the National Committees in that sense.4) In order to promote international unification, IEC National Committees undertake to apply IEC InternationalStandards transparently to the maximum extent possible in their national and regional standards. Any divergence between the IEC Standard and the corresponding national or regional standard shall be clearly indicated in the latter.5) The IEC provides no marking procedure to indicate its approval and cannot be rendered responsible for anyequipment declared to be in conformity with one of its standards.6) Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this International Standard may be the subjectof patent rights. The IEC shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights. International Standard IEC XXX has been prepared by WG 3: Procedures for the Determination of Levels of Regulated Substances in Electrotechnical Products, of IEC technical committee 111: Environment.INTRODUCTIONThe widespread use of electrotechnical products has drawn increased attention to their impact on the environment. In many countries all over the world this has resulted in the adaptation of regulations affecting wastes, substances and energy use of electrotechnical products.The use of certain substance like Lead (Pb), Mercury (Hg), Cadmium (Cd), Hexavalent Chromium (Cr VI), and some types of brominated flame retardants (like Polybrominated Biphenyls, PBB, Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers, PBDE) in electrotechnical products is regulated in current and proposed legislation e.g. in:•European Union (EU) directive on the “Reduction of certain Hazardous Substances in electrical and electronic equipment” (RoHS)•Chinese draft legislation on “Management Methods on the Prevention and Control of Pollution Caused by Electronic information Products”•US (California) Electronic Waste Recycling Act of 2003 (S.B. 20) and Electronic Waste, Advanced Disposal Fees (S.B. 50)The EU RoHS directive prohibits Lead (Pb), Mercury (Hg), Cadmium (Cd), Hexavalent Chromium (Cr VI), and two types of brominated flame retardants, Polybrominated Biphenyls (PBB) and Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDE) from being used in electronic and electrical equipment (EEE) from 1st July 2006. The same substances are regulated in the Chinese draft legislation, adhering to the same timeline as the EU RoHS. Likewise, California restricts the same substances on the same timeline, although for a narrower set of products than the EU RoHS.Industry is convinced of the importance of defining testing protocols for regulated substances of electrotechnical products that enter or are made available on markets, where legislation regulating the substance content of electrotechnical product is enacted. Testing may be performed for a variety of reasons including:•As a supplement to supply chain material declarations, companies may choose to test products directly to determine compliance•Companies may require their suppliers to perform testing as a supplement to the supplier’s material declaration•Companies may perform “spot checks” of their suppliers to confirm compliance •Government officials may test as basis to assess complianceCertain test procedures to determine regulated material content already exist, but most are not appropriate for testing electrotechnical products and are not internationally recognized. Currently no procedures for compliance or enforcement of the substance restrictions have been agreed upon or mandated by countries regulating substances in electrotechnical products. Testing procedures, which are being discussed by industry associations and academia to determine presence and levels of these banned substances differ from each other.Until a common agreement between governments, industry and other stakeholders is reached on how regulated substances should be measured in electrotechnical products, industry has no legal certainty that products will be found compliant if tested by national enforcement authorities or by Non Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in different countries.The purpose of this normative document is therefore to provide test procedures that will allow the electrotechnical industry to determine the levels of the regulated substances Pb, Hg, Cd, Cr VI, PBB, PBDE (EU RoHS, China, US, Japan, etc.) in electrotechnical products on a consistent global basis.Procedures for the Determination of Levels of Six Regulated Substances (Lead, Mercury, Hexavalent Chromium, Polybrominated Biphenyls, Polybrominated Biphenyl Ether) in Electrotechnical Products1 ScopeThis document provides test procedures for determining the levels of Lead (Pb), Mercury (Hg), Cadmium (Cd), hexavalent Chromium (Cr VI), and two types of brominated flame retardants, Polybrominated Biphenyls (PBB) and Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDE) contained in electrotechnical products.Examples of categories of electrotechnical products are:•Large household appliances•Small household appliances•IT and telecommunications equipment• Consumer equipment• Lighting equipment•Electrical and electronic tools (with the exception of large-scale stationary industrial tools) •Toys, leisure and sports equipment• Automatic dispensersThis document will not determine:•Definition of a “unit” or “homogenous material” as the sample•Disassembly procedure to get to a sample• Assessment procedures2 Referencesa) Reduction of certain Hazardous Substances in electrical and electronic equipment (RoHS)b) Management Methods on the Prevention and Control of Pollution Caused by Electronicinformation Productsc) US (California) Electronic Waste Recycling Act of 2003 (S.B. 20)d) US (California) Electronic Waste, Advanced Disposal Fees (S.B. 50)e) Other references are found in the reference sections of the test procedures3 DefinitionsFor the purpose of this document, the following terms and definitions apply. Other terms and definitions are found in the terms and definition sections of the test procedures.3.1Electrotechnical ProductsProducts which are dependent on electric currents or electromagnetic fields in order to work properly and equipment for the generation, transfer and measurement of such currents and fields and designed for use with a voltage rating not exceeding 1 000 volts for alternating current and 1 500 volts for direct current.3.2Field Replaceable UnitPart, component or subassembly that is easily removed (mechanically disjointed) using ordinary tools.NOTE “Easily removed” consists of using ordinary tools to perform such functions as screwing or disconnecting,and only without irreversibly destroying the unit.3.3SubstanceSubstances are chemical elements and their compounds (e.g. lead is a chemical element and lead oxide is a compound). Registry numbers of the Chemical Abstracts System of the American Chemical Society (CAS #) are attributed to all chemical elements and most of their compounds and should be used for identification purposes.3.4ScreeningAn analytical approach with the primary goal to quantify the concentration of an element of interest (analyte) in tested material.3.5Polymer MaterialsA range of synthetic or semi-synthetic organic condensation or polymerization products that can be molded or extruded into objects or films or fibers.NOTE: Examples of polymer materials are polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, epoxy resin, polyamide, polycarbonate ABS resin, polystyrene, etc.3.6Metallic MaterialsMetallic materials are combinations of metallic elements. Metallic materials include all ferrous, non-ferrous and alloy materials.NOTE: Examples of metallic materials are Fe-alloys, Ni-alloys, Sn-alloys, Al-alloys,mg-alloys, Cu-alloys, Zn-alloys, precious metals alloys etc.3.7ElectronicsAn element of an electrotechnical product which unto itself does not form an electrical system. They are sometimes called electronic components, electronic parts, or piece parts.NOTE: Examples of electronics are semiconductors, active components like diodes and integrated circuits, passive components like resistors and capacitors, electrical and electronic connectors, wound components, relays, printed circuit boards (PCB, also known as printed wiring board, PWB) etc.3.8AnalyteSubstance or element tested for.3.9MatrixThe material or substance, form or state in which the analyte is embedded.Other terms and definitions are found in the terms and definition sections of the test procedures.4 Test Procedure Overview4.1 Test Procedure ScopeThe content of the test procedures to determine the levels of regulated substances can be grouped in two important steps:• Analytical test procedures• Laboratory implementationAnalytical test procedures have to be developed and validated to make sure they are suitable and can be used for the purpose they were designed for. Subsequently they have to be made available to the public so that interested parties around the globe can implement them.The analytical test procedures step can itself be divided into seven important points:•Scope, application and summary of method•References, normative references, reference methods and reference materials•Terms and definitions•Apparatus / Equipment and materials• Reagents• Sample preparation•Test procedure, which includes:⎯ Calibration⎯ Instrument performance⎯ Sample analysis⎯Calculation of analytical results⎯ Test report⎯ Quality controlThe first point includes the scope of the method, the preferred application and a short summary of the method. It also highlights the opportunities for the best use of the test procedure and also the risks due to the inherent limitations of the procedure. The second important point is also how the method becomes traceable to commercial reference standards and suitable calibration samples. The third point will define the terms used throughout the method procedure. The fourth point describes the apparatus and the needed equipment and materials used for the method. The fifth point describes all the reagents used when measuring using the described method procedure. The sixth important covers the sample preparation for the samples themselves. The seventh point covers the actual test procedure related to the analytical instrument used. It describes the instrument performance, the sample analysis as well as the calculation of the analytical results. Content of the test report will also be summarized. This point also covers the quality aspects directly related to the chosen analytical test procedure.Individual test procedure descriptions in chapters 6 to 15 follow this seven point outline.The laboratory implementation will not be covered in this document, as labs should be able to implement the test procedures described using procedures and standards addressed in other sources. The implementation step includes suitable quality assurance measures and a validation protocol that documents the performance of the analytical method using the instrument in the lab. Quality assurance systems such as Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) and/or accreditation to similar (inter-) national systems (e.g. IEC/ISO 17025) are strongly encouraged.4.2 SampleThis document refers to the “sample” as the object to be processed and measured according to the procedures following below to determine the levels of the six regulated substances. A sample can either be a polymer material, a metallic material or electronics (e.g. in form of populated PWBs or components).What the sample is or how to get to the sample is defined by the entity carrying out the procedures.The entity can thus decide to prepare a sample which is a “homogenous material” according to the EU guidance. For this kind of sample the procedures offered for metallic materials or polymer materials are especially suited.NOTE: The EU Technical Advisory Committee (TAC) has given the following guidance on homogenous materials: “A material that can not be mechanically disjointed into different materials (Frequently Asked Questions on RoHS and WEEE). Further definitions are given as follows: The term “homogeneous” means “of uniform composition throughout“. Examples of “homogeneous materials” are individual types of: plastic, ceramics, glass, metals, alloys, paper, board, resins, coatings. The term “mechanically disjointed” means that the materials can, in principle, be separated by mechanical actions such as: unscrewing, cutting, crushing, grinding and abrasive processes.The entity can also decide to prepare a sample which is a on the component level. For this kind of sample the procedures offered for electronics are especially suited.NOTE: Components can be described as smallest parts of electrical or electronic equipment that can be separated from the equipment by using ordinary tools without destroying the function of the part. Examples include electronic parts like unpopulated printed circuit boards, resistors, capacitors, diodes, integrated circuits; electromechanical parts like molded connectors, cable insulation; or mechanical parts like screws, housings or cabinets (with a surface treatment, e.g. plated, coated and/or painted), keys (from a keyboard), decorated/coated glass, glass-ceramics components, etc.The entity can also decide to prepare a sample which is on the field replaceable unit (FRU) level. For this kind of sample the procedures offered for electronics are especially suited.NOTE: A FRU is a part, component or subassembly that is easily removed (mechanically disjointed) using ordinary tools. Examples of the field replaceable units in a desktop personal computer (PC) may include housing, printed wiring assembly (motherboard), chassis, display, cables, batteries, key board, mouse, fan, drives (CD-ROM, DVD), power supplies, add-in cards, etc.The procedure to obtain the sample is also outside of the scope of this document. Guidance on how to obtain a sample is however given in Annex A.FlowProcedure4.3 TestThe figure below describes the flow for the test procedure to determine the levels of regulated substances in electrotechnical products.Figure 1: Flowchart of the Test ProcedureAfter obtaining the sample, which can either be a polymer material, a metallic material or electronics (e.g. in form of populated PWBs or components), a decision has to be taken, whether the screening test procedure or the verification test procedure using a variety of test methods should be used.The screening test procedure can be carried out either by directly measuring the sample (non-destructive sample preparation) or by destructing the sample to make it uniform (mechanical sample preparation). This decision must be made by judging the uniformity of the sample. A screening of representative samples of many uniform materials (such as plastics, alloys, glass) can be done non-destructively, while for other, more complex samples (like a populated printed wiring board) mechanical sample preparation is necessary. Mechanical sample preparation is the same for both the screening, as well as for the verification test procedure. The procedure for mechanical sample preparation is described in chapter 5.The screening of a sample is performed using any XRF spectrometer (e.g. EDXRF (Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence) or WDXRF (Wavelength Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence)), providing it has the performance characteristics described in chapter 6. It must be noted that the screening test procedure should be performed under controlled conditions. The XRF analysis technique has limitations to its use and the applicability of the results obtained, although it’s fast and resource efficient way of analysis has its merits particularly for the demands of the electrotechnical industry.Screening analysis allows one to distinguish between samples in three basic classifications: •Pass (white area): Samples that clearly contain concentrations, which are below the tolerated values•Fail (black area): Samples that are clearly higher than the tolerated values •Inconclusive (grey area): Samples that require additional investigation, due to inconclusive analysis resultsThe verification test procedure is performed after a mechanical sample preparation using a variety of analytical procedures tailored to the regulated substances and the material of the sample, which can be either polymer materials, metallic materials or electronics(in form of populated PWBs or components). Table 1 gives an overview of the verification methods, which are described in detail in chapter 7 to 14. The intent of using a particular verification test procedure is to ensure the most accurate results possible; however, it most likely will take more resources to carry out.Table 1: Overview of the content of the verification test procedureSteps Substances Polymer Materials Metal Materials Electronics(PWBs/Components)Mechanical sample preparation (Chapter 5) DirectmeasurementGrindingDirect measurementGrindingGrindingChemical sample preparationMicrowave digestionAcid digestionDry AshingSolvent extractionAcid digestion Microwave digestionAcid digestionSolvent extractionPBB/PBDE GC/MS (Chapter 7)HPLC/UV (Chapter8)NA GC/MS (Chapter 7)HPLC/UV (Chapter 8)Cr VI Alkaline Digestion/Colorimetric Method(Chapter 10)Spot-test procedure/boiling-water-extraction procedure(Chapter 9)Alkaline Digestion/Colorimetric Method(Chapter 10)Analytical techniquedefinition (incl.typical margins oferrors)Hg ICP-AES, ICP-MS, CV AAS, AFS (Chapter 11)。
IBM Cognos 软件开发工具包版本 11.0.0 混搭服务开发人员指南说明书
Java samples..............................................................................................................................................11 Java sample file locations.................................................................................................................... 11 Running the Java samples................................................................................................................... 12
Chapter 2. Overview of the Mashup Service............................................................ 7
Programming interfaces...............................................................................................................................7 Identifying reports....................................................................................................................................... 8 Output formats.............................................................................................................................................9 Sample programs.......................................................................................................................................10
LTE_3GPP_36.213-860(中文版)
Internet
Copyright Notification No part may be reproduced except as authorized by written permission. The copyright and the foregoing restriction extend to reproduction in all media.
Cell search ................................................................................................................................................... 8 Timing synchronisation ................................................................................................................................ 8 Radio link monitoring ............................................................................................................................. 8 Inter-cell synchronisation ........................................................................................................................ 8 Transmission timing adjustments ............................................................................................................ 8
SIMATIC Energy Manager PRO V7.2 - Operation Operat
2 Energy Manager PRO Client................................................................................................................. 19
2.1 2.1.1 2.1.2 2.1.3 2.1.4 2.1.5 2.1.5.1 2.1.5.2 2.1.6
Basics ................................................................................................................................ 19 Start Energy Manager ........................................................................................................ 19 Client as navigation tool..................................................................................................... 23 Basic configuration ............................................................................................................ 25 Search for object................................................................................................................ 31 Quicklinks.......................................................................................................................... 33 Create Quicklinks ............................................................................................................... 33 Editing Quicklinks .............................................................................................................. 35 Help .................................................................................................................................. 38
故障处理思路英语
故障处理思路英语Title: Fault Handling: The Key to System UptimeThe importance of fault handling cannot be overstated in the world of maintenance and repair. It is the linchpin in keeping systems running smoothly, ensuring operational efficiency, and preventing unexpected downtime. This article delves into the intricacies of fault diagnosis and treatment, discussing various methods, processes, and the skills required for effective handling.Diagnosis is the first crucial step in the故障处理流程. It involves identifying the nature and cause of the fault. There are several methods for diagnosis, including observation, testing, and instrument-based testing. For instance, visual inspection can identify obvious physical damage or wear. Testing involves checking the functionality of individual components or the entire system. Instrument-based testing uses specialized equipment to measure voltage, current, or other parameters to pinpoint problems.Once the fault is diagnosed, the next step is to determine the appropriate course of action. This can range from simple repairs to complex overhauls. Common faults may require quick fixes, whilecomplex faults may require more in-depth analysis and repair. The key is to prioritize based on the impact on operations and the potential for further damage.Skills and attributes are paramount for effective fault handling. Mechanics should have a strong knowledge base in the equipment they are maintaining, including its operating principles, components, and potential failure modes. They should also possess good problem-solving skills and a can-do attitude. The ability to work under pressure and stay calm during emergencies is equally essential.Preventive maintenance is another crucial aspect of fault handling. Regularly scheduled checks, inspections, and servicing can help identify potential issues before they become full-blown faults. This not only saves downtime but also extends the lifespan of equipment. It's essential to follow manufacturer's recommendations and use high-quality replacement parts to maintain the integrity of systems.Let's consider a hypothetical case where a manufacturing plant's production line stalls due to a faulty motor. The maintenance team quickly diagnoses the issue as a wiring issue and replaces the suspect wiring, restoring the line to operation within hours. In another scenario,a hospital's ventilation system malfunctions, leading to a life-threatening situation. The emergency response team promptly diagnoses a software glitch and patches it remotely, averting a potential crisis.In conclusion, fault handling is integral to maintaining system uptime. It requires a methodical approach, sound technical knowledge, and excellent problem-solving skills. Regular preventative maintenance is key to minimizing downtime and equipment failure. Proactive identification and treatment of faults can significantly enhance operational efficiency and ensure a smooth workflow. Fault handling isn't just about fixing what's broken; it's about ensuring system reliability and uptime, ultimately contributing to the overall success of any organization.。
SFG-1000系列中文说明书
技术背景..................................................................................... 10 系列/特色 .................................................................................. 12 前面板 ......................................................................................... 13 后面板 ......................................................................................... 17 安装 .............................................................................................. 19 操作捷径..................................................................................... 21
• 清洁前请断开电源线。 • 以温和的洗涤剂和清水沾湿柔软的布擦拭仪器。
不要喷溅任何液体到 SFG-1000 系列上。 • 不要用化学制品或包含有如苯,甲苯,二甲苯和丙酮
之类物质的清洁剂。
• 位置：室内,避免阳光直射,无尘,几乎没有磁场干扰 (注意如下)。
• 相对湿度< 80% • 高度：< 2000m • 温度：0°C to 40°C
简易处理流程
简易处理流程简易处理流程（Simplified Processing Flow）英文：The simplified processing flow begins with identifying the task or issue at hand. This involves a clear understanding of the requirements and objectives.Next, a brief analysis is conducted to assess the situation and gather relevant information. This analysis helps to identify key points and potential challenges.Based on the analysis, a decision is made on the appropriate action to take. This decision considers factors such as efficiency, cost, and time constraints.Following the decision, the necessary steps are outlined to execute the chosen action. This involves assigning responsibilities, setting deadlines, and ensuring the availability of required resources.During the execution phase, regular monitoring is conducted to track progress and identify any issues that may arise. Prompt action is taken to address any problems encountered.Finally, once the task is completed, a brief evaluation is conducted to assess the outcome and identify areas for improvement. This evaluation helps to refine the process for future tasks.中文：简易处理流程从确定当前任务或问题开始。
品保异常处理流程
品保异常处理流程英文文档内容：Quality Control Exception Handling ProcessThe quality control exception handling process is a crucial aspect of maintaining high product standards and customer satisfaction.When an exception occurs, it is essential to address it promptly and effectively to minimize any negative impact on the business.The following steps outline an effective quality control exception handling process:1.Identification: The first step is to identify the exception.This could be a product defect, a deviation from specifications, or any other issue that affects the quality of the product.2.Documentation: Once the exception is identified, it should be promptly documented.This includes details such as the date, time, location, and nature of the exception, as well as any relevant information about the product or process.3.Assessment: The next step is to assess the exception.This involves determining the severity of the issue, the potential impact on the product or customer, and the root cause of the exception.munication: With the exception assessed, it is important to communicate with the relevant stakeholders.This may include team members, supervisors, customers, or suppliers, depending on the natureof the exception.5.Corrective Action: Based on the assessment, a corrective action plan should be developed and implemented.This may involve adjusting the process, reworking the product, or taking other measures to ensure the quality issue is resolved.6.Verification: Once the corrective action is implemented, it is essential to verify that the exception has been resolved.This may involve retesting the product or reevaluating the process to ensure that the issue has been adequately addressed.7.Prevention: T o prevent similar exceptions in the future, it is important to analyze the root cause and implement measures to prevent recurrence.This may involve process improvements, additional training, or other measures to enhance quality control.8.Documentation and Review: The final step in the quality control exception handling process is to document the entire exception and its resolution.This information should be reviewed periodically to identify trends and opportunities for further improvement.By following these steps, businesses can effectively handle quality control exceptions and maintain high product standards and customer satisfaction.中文文档内容：品保异常处理流程品保异常处理流程是维持高产品标准和客户满意度的重要环节。
人力资源管理器9.1人力资源管理人员参考书9.1版本11月2010版参考书SKU hrms91her
November 2010
PeopleSoft Enterprise Talent Acquisition Manager 9.1 PeopleBook SKU hrms91herm-b1110
U.S. GOVERNMENT RIGHTS Programs, software, databases, and related documentation and technical data delivered to U.S. Government customers are "commercial computer software" or "commercial technical data" pursuant to the applicable Federal Acquisition Regulation and agency-specific supplemental regulations. As such, the use, duplication, disclosure, modification, and adaptation shall be subject to the restrictions and license terms set forth in the applicable Government contract, and, to the extent applicable by the terms of the Government contract, the additional rights set forth in FAR 52.227-19, Commercial Computer Software License (December 2007). Oracle USA, Inc., 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood City, CA 94065.
2.1 Complaint Handling and Investigations
Recalls
8.9 A person should be designated as responsible for execution and coordination of recalls and should be supported by sufficient staff to handle all the aspects of the recalls with the appropriate degree of urgency. This responsible person should normally be independent of the sales and marketing organisation. If this person is not the Qualified Person, the latter should be made aware of any recall operation. 8.10 There should be established written procedures, regularly checked and updated when necessary, in order to organise any recall activity. 8.11 Recall operations should be capable of being initiated promptly and at any time. 8.12 All Competent Authorities of all countries to which products may have been distributed should be informed promptly if products are intended to be recalled because they are, or are suspected of being defective.
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
Tradestead Corporation Limited
Guideline For Handling Customer Complains and Disputes
Document Classification: Class 4 (Targeted Audience: Sales Representatives, Customer Service)
Available Languages: English
Document Status: Draft (expected effective date: 2008/01/01)
Document Version: 1.0.0
Last updated on 2008/05/08
Type of disputes
There are generally 3 types of complain and dispute:
rmal complains and disputes via emails or phone calls.
2.Formal Paypal “not as described” and “non-receipt” disputes, chargeback, and
unauthorized activities.
3.Formal chargeback from credit card
Analyzing a complain
Each type of complain and dispute can be analyzed in 9 different aspects:
1.When can buyer file complain/dispute/chargeback?
2.What cause the buyer to file the complain/dispute/chargeback?
3.How much time do we have to response to the complain/dispute/chargeback?
4.What will happen if we ignore the complain/dispute/chargeback?
5.What information do we need to handle the complain/dispute/chargeback?
6.How much does it cost to resolve the complain/dispute/chargeback in terms of money
and time?
7.What are the steps to resolve the complain/dispute/chargeback?
8.Can the buyer escalate the complain to formal dispute/chargeback?
9.What will be the consequence of winning or losing a complain/dispute/chargeback?
10.How often is the complain/dispute/chargeback filed and what can we do to avoid it in the
future?
Goals of resolving the dispute
1.Minimize the company lost i.e. to win (most important)
2.Close it as soon as possible
3.Adjust policies to minimize similar case from happening again in the future. Resolving Complain, Dispute, and Chargeback
Informal email & phone call complain
PayPal Dispute/Chargeback/Unauthorized Transaction
Credit Card Chargeback
Need to fax the proof of shipment, company policy to USA credit card issuer banks (Wells Fargo and American Express). There is no particular format, it all depends on the issuer bank staff who handles the chargeback, and therefore, calling and keep close contact is needed to win. Chargeback handling cost is USD20/case, regarding winning or losing.。