介词和副词的区别1
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介词和副词的区别
介词(Preposition—prep.)
定义:置于名词或名词同等语之前组成一个表意单位(短语),用以说明该名词或名词同等语与句子中其他词之关系的词叫做介词(也译作前置词)。例如:at,by,in,of,on,to,with,because of(因为),in front of (在……的前面)等。
介词之后的名词、代词等叫做介词的宾语,其所组成的表意单位即为介词短语。
词短语在句子中的表达功能如下:(1)作名词用,例:
A mouse ran out from under the wall.
(有一只老鼠从墙底下跑出来了。)解说:介词短语“under the wall”在本句中是作其前面的介词“from”的宾语用,因此其功能是等于一个名词,而这样用的介词短语称为名词短语(Noun phrase)
(2)作形容词用,例:
Bring me the book on your desk. (把你桌子上的那本书拿来给我。)解说:介词短语“on your desk”在本句中是在修饰名词“book”,因此其功能是等于一个形容词,而这样用的介词短语称为形容词短语(Adjective phrase)。
(3)作副词用,例:
They are studying quietly in the classroom.
(他们正在教室里安静地读书。)解说:介词短语“in the classroom”在本句中是在修饰动词“are studying”,因此其功能是等于一个副词,而这样用的介词短语称为副词短语(Adverbial phrase)。副词是一种用来修饰动词,形容词,副
词或全句的词,说明时间,地点,程度,方式等概念。
副词的分类:
1) 时间和频度副词:
now,then,often,always,usually,early,t oday, lately,
next,last,already,generally,frequently, seldom,ever,never,yet,soon,too, immediately, hardly,finally,shortly, before, ago,sometimes, yesterday. 2) 地点副词:
here, there, everywhere, anywhere, in, out, inside, outside, above, below, down, back, forward, home, upstairs, downstairs, across, along, round , around, near, off, past, up, away, on.
3) 方式副词:
carefully, properly, anxiously, suddenly, normally, fast, well, calmly, politely, proudly, softly, warmly
4) 程度副词:
much,little, very,rather,so,too,still, quite, perfectly, enough, extremely, entirely,almost, slightly.
5) 疑问副词:
how, when, where, why.
6) 关系副词:
when, where, why.
7) 连接副词:
how, when, where, why, whether.
副词的用法:
副词在句中可作状语,表语,短语。