2013_2018高考英语试题分项版解析专题06情态动词和虚拟语气含解析

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if从句:had done
主句:would/could/might/should+have done
If the teacher hadn’t helped us, we couldn’t have succeeded.
I could have done it better if I had been more careful.
If he hadn’t been ill, he might have come.
3.与将来事实可能相反
if从句:a.动词过去式(be一律用were)
专题06情态动词和虚拟语气
2018年高考题
1.【2018·江苏】24. It’s strange that he _______ have taken the books without the owner’s permission.
A. would B. should
C. could D. might
6.【2018·天津】15. If we ___________the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach
A. had caught B. caught
C. have caught D. would catch
虚拟条件句(假设情况不存在,实现机会很小)
If I were a bird, I could fly freely in the sky.
if从句的谓语动词
主句谓语动词
1.与现在事实相反
动词过去式(be一律用were)
would/could/might/should+动词原形
2.与过去事实相反
had done
【2017·北京卷】34. If the new safety system _______ to use, the accident would never have happened.
A. had been put B. were put C. should be put D. would be put
②I need to have a rest.我需要休息一下
③Do we need to finish all the work today?我们今天需要完成所有的工作吗?
need的用法的助记口诀:
实义动词表“需要”,后接名、代、不定式。need后接动名词,主动形式表被动。
情态动词表“需要”,没有人称数之变。其后直接加动原,多用疑问与否定。
A. drove B. would drive C. were to drive D. had driven
【答案】D
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意:如果他们多开几公里的话,他们也许会找到一个更好的旅馆。由“they might have found a better hotel”可知,该句是表示对过去的虚拟。if ____ a few more kilometers是条件句部分,表示对过去的虚拟,条件句部分要用过去完成时态,故D选项正确。
2.【2018·江苏】27. There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I _______ a second chance to become more involved.
A. had B. will have
C. would have had D. have had
②It must be Li Lei那个人肯定是李磊。
4. need的用法:
①情态动词“需要,有必要”一般用于否定句或疑问句中。
eg: You needn't come here this afternoon.你今天下午不必来。
②行为动词“需要,有必要”可以用于各种句式中。
eg:①You don't need to go now.你不必现在就走。
3.【2018·天津】10. I can't find my purse. I___________ it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'mnot sure.
A. should leave B. must have left
C. might leave D. could have left
2.may的用法:
①表示请求或允许“可以”“准许”eg: May I go home,please?请问我可以回家吗?
②表示可能性“可能”、也许”eg: I think it may rain this afternoon.我想今天下午可能下雨。
注:might为may的过去式,但也可以代替may,语气较为婉转客气或更加不肯定。
4.【2018·北京】12. In today’s information age, the loss of data _________ cause serious problems for a company.
A. need B. should C. can D. must
【答案】C
【解析】考查情态动词。句意:在今天的信息时代,数据的丢失有时会对一个公司造成严重的问题。数据丢失造成严重问题是客观上会发生的情况,即“客观可能性”,故该空应用情态动词can。C选项正确。其余情态动词均没有该用法。need需要;should应该,竟然;must必须,肯定。
【答案】A
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意:如果我们昨天赶上飞机的话,现在我们正在海滩享受我们的假日了。根据时间状语yesterday可知,从句表示与过去事实相反,故用had + v-ed。故选A。
点睛:本题考查虚拟语气。虚拟语气重要做题原则:根据题干中主句或从句中动词形式判断所考查的动词的虚拟时间,一般要保持一致,但要注意错综时间虚拟语气要根据各自所表示的虚拟时间做出调整。本题就是错综条件虚拟语气,从句与过去事实相反,故用had + v-ed,主句与现在事实相反。
【名师点睛】
常用的情态动词有can,may,must,need, should等
1. can的用法:
①表示能力“能,会”eg: He can speak a little Japanese.他会说一点日语。
②表示请求或许可“可以”eg: Can I help you?要我帮忙吗?
③表示猜测“可能”eg: Where can she go now?她可能到哪里去了呢?
would/could/might/should+have done
3.与将来事实可能相反
a.动词过去式(be一律用were)
b.should+动词原形(不能用would)
c.were to+动词原形
would/could/might/should+动词原形
1.与现在事实相反
if从句:动词过去式(be---were)
点睛:can的基本用法:1. (表示能力、功能)能,会;2. (表示推测)可能,可能会;3.(表示允许,请求)可以;4.(表示客观可能性)有时会。
5.【2018·北京】13. They might have found a better hotel if they _________ a few more kilometers.
eg: ---Must I finish my homework first?我必须先完成作业吗?
---No, you don't have to/ needn't.不,你不必。
②can和must在表推测时,can一般否定句中,而must常用于肯定句中。
eg:①It can not be Li Lei那个人不可能是李磊
②表示推测时“肯定,一定”eg: They must be at home.The light is on他们肯定在家,灯亮着呢.
③must not禁止,不许eg: You must not tell lies.你不许撒谎。
注意:①must开头的疑问句,其否定回答通常用don't have to或needn't。而不用mustn't
主句:would/could/might/should+动词原形
If we had time, we would go with you.
If I were you, I shouldn’t do that.
If it weren’t raining, we wouldn’t stay.
2.与过去事实相反
【答案】A
【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意:在这个村里有很好的社交生活,并且我希望我再有机会去更多的参与。本题考查wish引导的宾语从句,表示与现在事实相反的愿望,所以从句用一般过去时。故选A。
点睛:本题考查wish引导的虚拟语气。由wish引起的表示愿望的虚拟语气:1.用wish表示对现在的愿望时,它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为:过去式(be动词用were)。2.用wish表示对将来的愿望时,它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为:would, could, might+动词原形。3.wish用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望时,宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为:had+动词过去分词或could, would + have +动词过去分词。分析此题需抓住前句There is a good social life in the village的时态是一般现在时,可以判断出此题wish用于对现在的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望。
【答案】A
考点:考查虚拟语气。
【名师点睛】
英语中的三种语气,语气是动词的一种形式,用来说明我们对自己的话所采取的态度。
1、陈述语气(疑问,否定,肯定,感叹)
2、祈使语气(命令,要求,建议,警告)
3、虚拟语气:不可能发生的事,愿望 Nhomakorabea建议,与事实相反的假设等.
1、虚拟语气在条件中的具体用法
真实条件句
If you work hard,you’ll surely pass the exam.
点睛:1.表示对现在的虚拟:if条件句用一般过去时,主句用would/might/could/should+do;2.表示对过去的虚拟:if条件句用过去完成时,主句用would/might/could/should+have done;3.表示对将来的虚拟:if条件句用were to do/should do/一般过去时,主句用would/might/could/should+do。
【答案】D
点睛:情态动词是每年高考的热点也是难点。本题抓住两点:第一、时态。根据句中时间状语可以判断出是对过去事情的推测,故用情态动词+ have done;如果是对现在事情的推测,才用情态动词+v原形。第二、情态动词的选择。must为肯定推测,表示“一定”,could为不肯定推测,表示“可能”,这样就能选出正确答案。
2017年高考题
【2017·北京卷】21. Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, ______ easily reach the books on the top shelf.
A. must B. should C. can D. need
【答案】C
考点:考查情态动词
eg:①He might not come today.今天他也许不来了。(语气不肯定)
②You might also get a headache when you work too hard,当你工作太努力时,你也可能患头痛
3. must的用法:
①表示义务、必要或命令“必须、应该”eg: You must come early tomorrow.你明天得早来。
【答案】B
点睛:本题考查虚拟语气。It is important/necessary/strange/impossible/natural that...主语从句多数情况下用虚拟语气,表达一种要求、命令或者责备、建议或主观看法。但是如果只是表示陈述一个事实而不是强烈的感情,完全可以用一般的陈述语气。试比较:It is strange that he had made a mistake.(陈述一个事实:他犯了错误让人有点奇怪。)It is strange that he (should) have made a mistake.(虚拟语气,说话者是在责备他本不应该犯错。)
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