初中英语定语从句

定语从句

1. 基本知识精讲

在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词.用来引导定语从句的词叫关系词（分为关系代词和关系副词）。定语从句一般放在先行词之后.如：

This is the engineer who will give us a talk on science。

先行词关系词定语从句

一、由关系代词引导的定语从句

英语中的关系代词有who, whom, whose，which，that 和as.它们的用法如下：

1. who，whom的用法

who 和whom 指人，在从句中分别作主语、宾语。作动词宾语时常被省掉。在口语中可用who代替whom。The young worker who invented this tool is her brother.

This is the boy （whom) I helped。

2。which的用法

which指物,在从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语是在非正式语体中可以省略.如:

The factory which produces these cars is very large.

This is the book （which) you want.

3。whose 的用法

whose指人或物，在从句中作定语，不可省略。Whose有时可用of which替换。如：

Do you live in the room whose window opens to the west？

This is the student whose pronunciation is the best in our class。

4。that的用法

that既可指人，也可指物，在从句中作主语或宾语.作宾语时，在非正式语体中常省略。如:

There were once six blind men that/ who lived in a village in India。

Wheat is a plant that/ which is grown in the north of China。

用which不用that的情况

1。在引导非限定性定语从句时.

(错)The tree，that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.

2。先行词指物，且介词后

We depend on the land from which we get our food。

We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.

3.先行词本身是that时

I don’t that which he did。

二、关系副词引导的定语从句

英语中的关系副词有when，where，why等。在定语从句中充当状语，一般不可省略。

1。when的用法

when指时间、修饰表示时间的先行词，在定语从句中作时间状语,相当于at/ in/ on which。如: How can I forget the day when (=on which）I joined the Youth League?

I thought of the days when (=in which ）we studied together。

He came at a time when the students needed him。

2. where的用法

where指地点，修饰表示地点的先行词，在定语从句中作地点状语，相当于in/ on/ at which。如：This is the farm where（=on which) my grandfather once worked。

That is the place where（=in which) we lived two years ago.

3. why的用法

why指原因，修饰名词reason，在定语从句中作原因状语，相当于for which.如：

I don’t know the reason why (=for which) you get so angry with me.

三、练习

练习一

(一）用关系代词或关系副词将下列每对句子连成一个复合句。

1. The boy is my younger brother. He was here a minute ago. （who）

2。The old man is a professor. He teaches chemistry in a college. (who)

3. Beijing Hotel is near Tian An Men Square. The foreign visitors live there。（where）

4。The woman is here now。You were talking about her. (who）

5。This is the hall. We listened to the report in it the other day。（where ）

6。The car was going 90 miles an hour。The car just passed us. （which）

7. The man was my uncle. The man waved to us. (who）

8. I enjoyed reading the book。You gave me a book last week。(which)

9。I prefer the subject。The subject is science。（which）

10。I spoke to the man. The man is a professor.(who）

（二）用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空

1. The house _______ we live in is very big。

2. The boy ______ is wearing the black jacket is very clever。

3. This is the present _____ he gave me for my birthday。

4。The man _______ talked to you just now is an engineer。

5. He talked about the teachers and schools _______ he had visited.

6. There is nothing in the world _______ can frighten him。

7. She wears a gold ring, _______ is very uncommon in our class。

8. We visited a factory _______ makes toys for children.

9. Is this the place _______ your father once lived?

10。I'll never forget the days _______ I joined the League.

练习二

一、单项填空

1。-——Who is the man _______ was talking to our English teacher？

---Oh！It’s Mr Baker，our maths teacher。

A. he

B. that C。whom D。which

2。I hate the people ________ don't help others when they are in trouble.

A。who B. which C。they D。where

3。The foreigner(外国人）_________ visited our school is from Canada。

A. which B。when C. who D。whom

4。George Mallory was an English school teacher _______ loved climbing.

A。who B。whom C。he D。which

5。This is the place _____I have ever visited.

A。there B. when C. where D。which

6。Nobody knows the reason ______ she didn’t come to the meeting。

A. that

B. which C。why D. when

7. The moon is a world ______ there is no life。

A. that B。which C. where D。why

8。He has forgotten the day _______ he arrived。

A。when B。where C. that D. which

9。He still remembers the days ______ he spent with your family。

A。when B。where C。that D。on which

10. Mr。White, ______ car had been stolen, came to the policeman.

A。who B。that C. whose D。which

11. He got to the village _______ his family once(曾经）lived.

A。that B。which C. when D。where

12. This is the house _______ I want to buy。

A. in which B。that C。whose D。where

13。This is the house _______ our beloved Premier Zhou once lived and worked。