英语肯定句改为否定句、陈述句改为一般疑问句的方法和技巧

英语肯定句改为否定句、陈述句改为一般疑问句的方法和诀窍㈠肯定句变为否定句的方法——⑴加；⑵变

⑴“加”——是指加not。加not的规则是：原句中有“情助be”时则直接在“情

助be”后加not（not可与“情助be”缩写）；原句中没有“情助be”时则需要另加助动词do/does/did, 然后在助动词do/does/did后加not（not可与助动词do/does/did缩写）。

助动词do和does用于一般现在时，did用于一般过去时。

⑵“变”——是指变化某些需要变化的词（因为某些词只能用于肯定句或只能用

用于否定句）。如：some→any（someone→anyone，something→anything，somewhere→anywhere）；and→or；too/also→either[´aiðə; ´i: ðə]；a lot of→many/much等。另外，使用助动词does/did帮助否定时，原来的谓语动词要恢复原形。

例：1）He can swim. →He can’t swim.

2）He will（将，要）swim. →He won’t(will not) swim.

3）He is a good swimmer. →He isn’t a good swimmer.

4）I have some English books. →I don’t have any English books.

5）She can sing and dance. →She can’t sing or dance.

6）Li Lei’s father has a lot of money. →Li Lei’s father doesn’t have much money.

7）He went to Shanghai last week. →He didn’t go to Shanghai last week.

说明：大多数英语肯定句改为否定句都符合上述规则，但也有一些特殊的情况不符合上述规则，在以后的学习中会学到，要注意积累。如：

例：1）He saw（看见）someone in the room. →He didn’t see anyone in the room.

也可改为：→He saw no one in the room.

2）He always（总是，一直）plays computer games.

→He never（从来不）plays computer games.

3）Everyone here likes him. →No one here likes him.

㈡陈述句变为一般疑问句的方法——⑴提；⑵变

⑴“提”——是指把“情助be”提到主语之前，即句首。提前“情助be”的规则

是：原句中有“情助be”时则直接提前“情助be”；原句中没有“情助be”时则需要另加助动词do/does/did放于句首，助动词do和does用于一般现在时，did用于一般过去时。

⑵“变”——是指：①变化某些需要变化的词。如：some→any（someone→anyone，

something→anything，somewhere→anywhere）。但是，不像肯定句变为否定句那样，陈述句变为一般疑问句时and、too/also、a lot of等不必改变。陈述句变为一般疑问句时，习惯上第一人称改为第二人称（见下面例4））。另外，使用助动词does/did帮助提问时，原来的谓语动词要恢复原形。②变句首字母大小写。陈述句变为一般疑问句时，要注意句首字母大小写的改变。③变标点。陈述句变为一般疑问句时句号要改为问号。

例：1）He can swim. →Can he swim?

2）He will（将，要）swim. →Will he swim?

3）He is a good swimmer. →Is he a good swimmer?

4）I have some English books. →Do you have any English books?

5）She can sing and dance. →Can she sing and dance?

6）Li Lei’s father has a lot of money. →Does Li Lei’s father have a lot of money?

7）He went to Shanghai last week. →Did he go to Shanghai last week?

附：常见的“情助be”

⑴常见的情态动词有：can (could); may (might); must; will (would); shall (should)等。

⑵常见的助动词有：do (does, did ); will (shall, would, should),等。另外，have(has,had)

有时也可作助动词，帮助构成完成时（七、八年级基本用不上）。

⑶常见的动词be有：be (am, is, are, was, were, …)等。

说明：①“情助be”不是英语动词分类的普通说法，只是为了方便叙述肯定句改为否定句和陈述句改为一般疑问句的方法而提出的。英语动词分类的普通说

法是：行、系、助、情（即行为动词、系动词、助动词、情态动词）。

②动词do, does, did除了用作助动词外，还可以作行为动词（又叫实意动词）。

是有很大差别的：

do/does/did作行为动词时，有词义，意思为“做，干（事情）”，在句中可以作主要动词（谓语动词）；作助动词时，无词义，只能帮助主要动

词构成否定或否定等语法形式。在一般现在时和一般过去时的句子中，行

为动词do/does/did作谓语动词改为否定句或疑问句时，就像其它行为动词

作谓语一样，同样需要用助动词do，does或did。这是许多学生最容易弄

错的地方。千万千万要注意！！！

例：1）I do my homework at home.

→I don’t do my homework at home.

→Do you do your homework at home?

2）He does his homework at home.

→He doesn’t do his homework at home.

→Does he do his homework at home?

3）He did his homework at home.

→He didn’t do his homework at home.

→Did he do his homework at home?

说明：以上画“”的do/does/did都是助动词，“”的do/does/did 都是行为动词

③“动词be”有时作助动词，有时作系动词。（具体用法区别待续）