高考英语专题总复习（1）：“名从”和“定从”考点透析与精炼

高考英语专题总复习（1）：“名从”和“定从”考点透析与精
炼
高考英语专题总复习（1）：“名从”和“定从”考点透析
与精炼
考试要求：
名词性从句和定语从句是高中语法的核心内容之一，也是高考考查的重点，各个省市的高考试卷不但在单项选择部分有直接的考查，在其他各大题型上，这两大类从句也是解题甚至是读懂试题的基础。

这两大类从句的难点在于从句种类的辨别，以及引导各类从句的引导词的辨别。

本文主要从这两个方面给同学们的备考提供帮助。

知识讲解：
名词性从句考点透析
1．that无词义，在从句中不做成分。

当that引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时，that不能省。

That he will refuse the offer is impossible．
It worried her a bit that her hair was turning grey．
2．whether，if都可引导名词性从句，但需注意下列几点：
在句首引导主语从句时，只能用whether：
Whether we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather．
if不能引导表语从句：
What the doctor really doubt is whether my mother will recover from the serious disease soon．
if不能引导介词后的宾语从句：
Everything depends on whether we can make a plan that they will agree to．如果宾语从句是否定句时，只能用if：
I asked Pave if he hadn't decided what he would say at the meeting．
discuss后的宾语从句只能用whether引导。

doubt作“怀疑”解、后接宾语从句时，如果主句是肯定的，宾语从句用whether或if 引导，如果主句是否定的，宾语从句只能用that引导。

We discussed whether the medicine will cause side effect．
(我们讨论了这种药是否会引起负作用。

)
I doubt whether／if he is fit for his office．
I don't doubt that he can do it very well．
3．wh～词既有词义(该词基本的词汇意义)，又在名词性从句中充当成分，因此，在选择wh～词时，既要考虑该词的基本意义，又要考虑它在从句中的作用。

— I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week．
— Is that why you had a few days off?
(why引导表语从句，在从句中做原因状语)
It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants．(whatever引导宾语从句，并在从句中做wants的宾语)
A computer can only do what you have instructed it to do．
(what引导宾语从句，并在从句中做to do 的宾语）
What caused the accident is still a complete mystery．
(what引导主语从句，并在从句中做主语)
4．do you think，do you suppose，do you believe等后接疑问词连接的宾语从句时，疑问词应移至句首，从句用陈述句词序。

Since you have seen both fighters，who do you think will win?
5．I think，I suppose，I believe等后接否定句做宾语从句时，要把否定转移到主句。

I don't think you are right．(不说：I think you are not right．)
定语从句考点透析
1．注意关系代词that的用法：
All that can be done has been done．
I have read all the books that you gave me．
Beihai Park is one of the most beautiful parks that was built about 200 years ago．
2．关于“介词+关系代词”：
能做介词宾语的关系代词只有whom和which，先行词指人时，用whom，先行词指物时用which。

介词的选定有两个原则，一是看从句中的动词和哪个介词可构成固定搭配，二是看句中需用哪个介词，句意才符合逻辑。

In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30，by which many people have got home．
(根据句意，用by which，意为“到这个时候”。

)
In the dark street，there wasn't a single person to whom she could turn for help．(turn to sb. for help是固定搭配)
3．当先行词是表示时间、地点的名词时，不能草率地认为定语从句就一定用when和where 引导，需弄清所缺的关系词在从句中的作用才能选择恰当的关系词。

需要牢记的是：关系副词在定语从句中只能做状语，即使先行词是表示时间、地点的名词，但如果所缺关系词在从句中是做主语、宾语的话，仍然应用关系代词which、that。

It was an exciting moment for these football fans this year，when for the first time their team won the World Cup．比较：
This is the museum which／that we visited last year．(that／which是visited 的宾语)
This is the museum where my father used to work．(where 是used to work的地点状语)
I'll never forget the days when I studied in this university．(when是studied 的时间状语)
I'll never forget the days which we spent together (which是spent的宾语)
4．是用关系代词还是用其它代词
如果两个分句中间用逗号隔开，要求考生在第二个分句填入一个代词的话，考生首先要弄清句子结构。

第二分句前如有and，but，or，so等词，它就是并列分句，要用人称代词或指示代词。

第二分句前如无and，but，or，so等词，它就是一个非限制性定语从句，因此应选用关系代词。

Alice received an invitation from her boss，which came as a surprise．
Tom's mother kept telling him that he should work harder，but it didn't help．
I shall never forget the years when I lived in the country with the farmers，which has a great effect on me．
5．as，which引导的非限制性定语从句
as，which都可引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中都能做主语、宾语。

但是，as除了引导定语从句外，还有“正如”、“像……一样”的词汇意义，which没有这个意思。

此外，在句首引导非限制性定语从句时，只能用as。

As is known to all，China will be an advanced powerful country in 20 or 30 years’time．
Carol said the work would be done by October，which personally I doubt very much．Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play，which of course，made the others unhappy．
6．如果先行词是way，可用that，in which引导定语从句，或省略关系代词。

I don't like the way that he spoke to me．
I don't like the way in which he spoke to me．
I don't like the way he spoke to me．
名词从句与定语从句的区别：
1. 成分上的区别：名词从句充当句子的主要成分；定语从句充当
句子的修饰成分。

1. How the prisoner escaped remains a mystery.
2. I wonder whether/if he is fit for the job.
3. The problem is who will be equal to the task.
4. He had no idea whether we could overcome the present difficulties or not.
2. 引导词含义上的区别：定语从句的引导词在语义上具有指代先行词的作用；名词从句的引导词不具备此功能。

1． That he came back made us very happy.
2. I’m sorry (that) I’ve made a mistake.
3. The fact is that his bark is worse than his bite.
4. Word came that he would come to see us all.
3. 关于that: 名词从句中的 that 只起引导词的作用，无任何意义；定语从句中的that 在从句中充当主语或宾语，有时可以与 which 互换。

He pretended (that) he didn’t see me. （宾语从句）
That she lost her necklace on the way home made her so worried.（主语从句）The first request that he made was to ask for freedom. （同位语从句）
It was said that that was all that he said.（定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）
Is this the house that you have bought yourself? （定语从句，that在从句中作宾语）
4. 引导词的不同：不会出现在名词从句中的关系词：as, 且 when, where 等不能与in/on/at which 互换。

不会出现在定语从句中的关系词：whether, if, what, how。

易错点点拨：
1. 名词从句中须使用陈述语序！
The owner of the shop came to see what was the matter.
2. 注意虚拟语气的使用！
We suggested that we (should) go to the cinema.
3. 4种情况只能用whether：位于句子开头；前面有介词；引导表语从句；与or not连用。