2019年高考英语一轮复习 1.1 Friendship(讲)(含解析)

1.1 Friendship
单元知识预览
晨读范文背诵
[2018·全国卷Ⅰ]
假定你是李华,你的新西兰朋友Terry将去中国朋友家做客,发邮件向你询问有关习俗。

请你回复邮件,内容包括:
1.到达时间;
2.合适的礼物;
3.餐桌礼仪。

注意:1.词数100左右;
2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。

【参考范文】
Dear Terry,
How are you doing? Learning that you are about to pay a visit to a Chinese friend and confused about the Chinese customs, I am writing to put forward some advice.
Firstly, I would like to suggest that you arrive 5 to 10 minutes earlier, which
is common in Chinese traditional culture. Secondly, if I were you, I would bring some appropriate gifts with me, such as souvenirs from my own country. Besides, table manners are also what you should pay attention to. For example, you are not supposed to stick your chopsticks into your food. Instead, laying them on your dish is a smart choice.
If you have any other problems, please don't hesitate to contact me.
Yours,
Li Hua
语言知识精析
重点单词精讲
考点1．upset adj. 心烦意乱的；不安的，不适的 vt. 使不安；使心烦，打乱(upset; upset)
【教材原句】Your friend comes to school very upset.
【例句研读】
(1)I am upset about the bad news.我对那则坏消息感到________。

(1)心烦意乱
(2)It upset her that he had left without saying goodbye. 他的不辞而别________。

(2)让她心情沮丧
(3)If the rain keeps falling, it will upset the whole plan. 如果继续下雨，这将会_____我们的整个计划。

(3)打乱
【归纳拓展】
【即时巩固】
1．He was very___________that you didn’t reply to his letters.（upset）
你没有回复他的信，他非常不高兴。

2.The ______news made him feel _______.
A．upset; upset B．upsetting; upset
C．upset; upsetting D．upsetting; upsetting
【答案】B
【解析】词义辨析。

Upsetting，令人心烦的；upset感到心烦的。

句意：这个令人心烦的消息让他感到很心烦。

所以选B。

3.Knowing the result of the exam, he went home and lay in bed, ________ . A．upset B．was upset C．felt upset D．and upset
【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词做状语：句意：知道考试的结果，他回到家，躺在床上，很难过。

因为那个upset是形容词描述he的状态，形容词在句子后面表伴随，描述状态，选A。

4.It is getting colder. I hope the sudden change of climate _____ you. A．don’t upset B．didn’t upset C．hasn’t upset D．won’t upset
【答案】D
考点2．ignore vt. 不理睬；忽视；不顾(强调“装作不知道或没看到”
【教材原句】Ignore the bell and go somewhere quiet to calm your friend down. 【例句研读】
(1)She saw him coming but she ignored him.她看见他走来，但_________他。

(1)没有理睬
(2)He is ignorant of farm life.＝He is in ignorance of farm life.他对农庄生活________。

(2)一无所知
【归纳拓展】
ignorant adj. 无知的；愚昧的；不知道的
ignorance n. 无知；愚昧；不知道
ignore sb./sth. 不理睬某人/假装不知道或未见
be ignorant of/about sth.＝be in ignorance of sth.
【即时巩固】
1. If the baby is put into a unfamiliar room without its mother, it i_________the toys no matter how interesting they might be. (ignore)
2. It is difficult for my teacher to _______ my mistakes in my composition. He is so careful!
A．notice B．realize C．ignore D．memorize
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词辨析。

句意“对我老师来说，忽视我作文里的错误是困难的。

他是如此的细心。

”A“注意”；B“意识到”；C“忽视；不管”；D“背诵”。

故选C。

3. —Tom is always saying I’m ugly，Mom．
—Just ______ him．You are the most beautiful in my eyes．
A．disagree B．ignore C．command D．dislike
【答案】B
考点3．concern vt. (使)担忧；涉及；关系到 n. 担心；关注；(利害)关系
【教材原句】Tell your friend that you are concerned about him.
【例句研读】
(1)Don't concern yourself with other people's affairs. 别______他人的事。

(1)干涉
(2)I always concern myself about my son's future.我总是______我儿子的将来。

(2)担忧
(3)He doesn't bother about things that don't concern him.他不关心那些与他_______的事。

(3)无关
(4)As far as I’m concerned， the sooner, the better.________，越快越好。

(4)就我而言
(5) Concerning your letter, I'm pleased to inform you of what you are interested in._______你的信，我乐于奉告你所感兴趣的东西。

(5)关于
concerning prep. 关于 concerned adj. 关心的；挂念的；有关的show/express concern about/for 对……表示关心/担心 have concern with 和……有关系
with concern 关切地 concern oneself about/for 担忧/关心……concern oneself with 从事，参与…… concern sb./sth. 与……有关
be concerned about/over/for 关心，挂念 be concerned with/in 牵扯进/参与……
all parties concerned 有关各方 as/so far as... be concerned 就……而言【即时巩固】
(1)I will tell you that
_____________________________________________________________(我关心你)．
(2)I don't want _____________________________________________________________(牵
扯到这件事情里)．
(3)____________________________(就我而言), this is a good idea.
(4) What the public is_______about is whether medical workers and scientists will
be able to find a cure for the new disease in a short time.
A．concerning B．concern C．concerned D．to concern
考点4．series n. 系列；连续 a series of一连串的；一系列的 a series of exams 一
连串的考试 a TV series 一部电视连续剧
【教材原句】“I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people
do, but I want this diary itself to be my friend, and I shall call my friend Kitty.”
她说，“我不愿像大多数人那样在日记中记流水账。

我要把这本日记当作我的朋友，我要把
我这个朋友称作基蒂”。

【例句研读】
(1)Then began a series of wet days that spoiled our vacation.
之后就是_________下雨天，把我们的假期弄得一团糟。

(1)一连串的
(2)There was a series of car accidents at the crossing this morning.今天早晨在十
字路口发生了_______交通事故。

(2)一连串的
【归纳拓展】
(1)series 属于单复数同形的单词，类似的单词还有 means, species, works(工厂)，deer, fish, sheep 等。

(2)“a series of＋复数名词”做主语时，谓语动词用单数，但“these/those series of＋复数名词”做主语时，谓语动词用复数。

【即时巩固】
(1)It is an article ______________________．这是一篇关于那部电视连续剧的文章。

(2)There's been ________________________ on this road recently. 最近在这条路
上发生了一连串的事故。

(3)So far a series of problems ________ brought about by this decision.
A．have B．has
C．have been D．has been
考点5．settle vi. 安家；定居；停留 vt. 使定居；安排；解决
【教材原句】She found it difficult to settle and calm down in the hiding place,
because she was concerned about whether they would be discovered.她觉得在藏身之
处难以安定和平静下来，因为她担心他们是否会被发现。

【例句研读】
(1)She settled in the city after her father's death.父亲去世后她就在城市里_______。

(1)定居了
(2)They settled their quarrel in a friendly way.他们友好地_____________。

(2)
解决了他们的争端
(3)Let's settle down to the work.我们__________工作。

(3)
开始
【归纳拓展】
settle in/into (使)适应(新的家、工作、环境等)，习惯于；安顿下来
settle down 安居下来；定居，过安定生活，舒适地坐下或躺下
settle on/upon 同意，决定；在某处停留/栖息 settle down to n．/v.－ing
get down to n．/v.－ing开始认真做……，专心于…… settle one's affairs 安排/解决好自己的事情
settle a dispute/an argument 解决争端
【即时巩固】
(1)I sorted out my mails, and then____________________________(开始做一些严
肃的工作)．
(2)They____________________________________________________________________
____(结婚了并定居在) London.
(3) According to his letter,he had to _______ his affairs in Paris before he could
return home．
A．settle B．suffer C．pack D．persuade
考点6．suffer vt.& vi. 遭受；忍受；经历
【教材原句】She suffered from loneliness, but she had to learn to like it there.
她非常孤独，但她却不得不学着喜欢它。

【例句研读】
(1)They suffered a great loss in the earthquake.在地震中他们_______巨大损失。

(1)
蒙受了
(2)I'll suffer this rudeness no longer. 我再也不能_______这种粗鲁了。

(2)
忍受
(3)He's suffering from a bad cold.他正________重感冒。

(3)患
(4)Wars caused suffering to this country. 战争给这个国家________苦难。

(4)
带来了
【归纳拓展】
suffering n. (身体、精神上的)痛苦，苦恼、苦难的经历
suffer pain/loss/defeat/punishment/hardship
遭受痛苦/损失/失败/惩罚/艰难
suffer from 受……折磨，受……之苦；患……疾病
【即时巩固】
1.Though we _________serious natural disasters, we are sure to overcome all difficulties.
A．give away B．affect with C．suffer from D．deal with
【答案】C
【解析】give away“分发, 放弃, 泄露”，affect“影响”及物动词，suffer from“遭受” ，deal with“处理”。

从“ we are sure to overcome all difficulties.”这句话可以推断出前半句的意思应该是“尽管我们遭受着严重的自然灾害”，因此应选C。

2.______ such a heavy loss in the earthquake, they got help from all over the world. A．Suffer B．Having suffered
C．Suffered D．To suffer
【答案】B
【解析】句意：他们在地震中遭受了如此大的损失，他们收到了来自世界各地的帮助。

Suffer 与主语they之间是主动关系，又Suffer的动作发生在动作got之前，因此用现在分词的完成时。

故选B。

3. Iraq has _______ too many wars since the 1990s, making his people _______a lot. A．got through; suffer from B．looked through; suffering
C．gone through; suffer D．passed through; suffered
【答案】C
考点7．recover vi.&vt. 痊愈；恢复；重新获得 recovery n. 恢复，复原；复得
【教材原句】How can Linda recover from h er illness in this room when it’s so dirty
and dusty?在这种脏并且布满灰尘的房间里，琳达的病怎么会恢复呢？
【例句研读】
(1)Liu Xiang is still recovering from his operation. 手术后，刘翔仍在________。

(1)恢复之中
(2)He seemed upset but quickly recovered himself.他显得心烦意乱，但很快_______。

(2)静下心来
(3)He has made a slow recovery from the strain.他慢慢从紧张中_________过来。

(3)恢复
【归纳拓展】
recover from sth. 从……中恢复到正常状态
(如健康、神智等)
recover sth. from... 从……中找回、重新获得
recover oneself 清醒过来
recover one's health/senses 恢复健康/知觉
【即时巩固】
1.She had a bad cold, but luckily began to _______ soon.
A．recover B．control C．lose D．reduce
【答案】A
【解析】考查词义辨析。

recover 恢复，control 控制，lose 失去，reduce 减少，句意：她得了重感冒，但是幸运的是很快就开始恢复。

所以选A。

2.After hospitals buy expensive equipment,they must try to __________ the money they had spent.
A．recover B．reduce C．remove D．receive
【答案】A
重点短语精讲
考点1．add up
【教材原句】Add up your score and see how many points you get.把你的分数加起来看看你能得多少分。

【例句研读】
(1)Can you add these figures up？你能把这些数字_______吗？(1)加起来
(2)All these figures add up to 5 000.所有这些数字________5 000。

(2)加起来共计
(3)He added some sugar to the coffee.他给咖啡里_________些糖。

(3)加了
【归纳拓展】
【即时巩固】
用add或其相关短语的适当形式完成句子
(1)Will you ________some sugar ________the coffee, please?
(2)The piece of music ________our enjoyment.
(3)“I will come later.” he________ (补充说).
(4)________your score and see how many points you get.
【答案】(1)add; to (2)adds/added to (3)adds/added (4)Add up
选择填空
You’d better ________ your scores and see if you have passed the exam．
A．add up B．add up to C．add to D．add to up
A考查动词短语辨析。

句意：你最好把你的分数加起来，看看是否通过了考试。

此处add up 加起来；add up to总共； add to加到……上。

根据句意选A。

考点2．go through
【教材原句】Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you, or would not understand what you are going through?或者你是不是担心你的朋友会嘲笑你，会不理解你目前经历的困境呢？
【例句研读】
写出下列各句中 go through 的意思。

(1)We went through hardships while working on this project.________________
(2)The teacher has gone through all the papers of the students. ____________
(3)He has the habit of going through morning papers after getting up.________________
(4)It took us three days to go through the forest.____________
(5)I've gone through my ink.______________
【答案】经历；经受/仔细检查/浏览，翻阅/通过，穿过/用完
【归纳拓展】
【即时巩固】
根据汉语提示完成句子
(1)She ________________________________________________(翻遍她所有的衣服) to find something to wear at the party.
(2)The two countries ______________________(经历了很多战争).
(1)went through all her clothes(2)went through many wars
选择填空
Remember to ______ the pockets before you put those trousers in the washing machine. A．get through B．pass through C．go through D．get along with
C考查动词词组辨析。

A. get through接通；B. pass through通过；C. go through经历，检查；D. get along with和…相处，进展。

句意：记住在把裤子放进洗衣机前要检查口袋。

选C。

考点3．set down
【教材原句】“I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do, but I want this diary itself to be my friend, and I shall call my friend Kitty.”她说，“我不愿像大多数人那样在日记中记流水账。

我要把这本日记当作我的朋友，我要把
我这个朋友称作基蒂”。

【例句研读】
(1)Why don't you set your ideas down on paper? 为什么你不把你的想法_______呢？(1)写在纸上
(2)Set that heavy bag down to have a rest.把那沉重的袋子______，休息一会儿。

(2)放下
(3)Please set me down at the next corner.请在下一个拐角处_______。

(3)让我下车
【归纳拓展】
【即时巩固】
根据汉语提示完成句子
(1)I ________________________________(已将每件事记了下来)that happened.
(2)Please ______________________________(写下你的想法) on a piece of paper.
【答案】(1)have written/put/set down everything (2)set/put/write down your ideas/thoughts
考点4. in order to
【教材原句】For example, one evening when it was so warm, I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven in order to have a good look at the moon for once by myself.比方说，有天晚上天气很暖和，我熬到11点半故意不睡觉，为的是独自好好看看月亮。

【例句研读】
翻译句子。

(1) In order to see it clearly, I put on my glasses. ＝I put on my glasses in order
to see it clearly. ＝I put on my glasses so as to see it clearly.＝I put on my glasses to see it clearly.＝To see it clearly I put on my glasses. ____________________ (2) In order not to lose the job, she lied to the boss. _______________
【答案】 (1) 为了看清楚，我戴上了眼镜。

(2) 为了不丢掉工作，她向老板说了谎。

【归纳拓展】
【即时巩固】
同义句转换
(1)I went home in order that I could change my clothes.
＝I went home _______________________________________________my clothes.
＝I went home ________________ my clothes.
(2)We started early so that we could get to the meeting on time.
＝We started early ___________________________________________we could get to the meeting on time.
＝We started early ___________________________________________get to the meeting on time.
【答案】(1)in order to change; to change(2)in order that; in order to
选择填空
After graduation he took all his works to London ______ get a good job there. A．so that B．in order that C．in order to D．as to
C考查不定式的用法。

A. so that 为了，这是连词，后面接句子， B. in order that为了，这是连词后面接句子，C. in order to 为了，后面接动词原形， D. as to至于。

句意：毕业后，他把所有的作品都带到伦敦，为了能找到一份好工作。

选C。

考点5．get along
【例句研读】I’m getting along well with a boy in my class.我和我们班上的一位男
生一直相处的很好。

【例句研读】
翻译句子
(1)How is the work getting along？(1)工作进展如何？
(2)How are you getting along with your studies? (2)你功课学得怎样？
(3)Selfish men are hard to get along with. (3)自私的人很难相处。

【归纳拓展】
get along/on with与……相处
get along/on well/nicely with....进展(谈及或问及工作情况)
get along/on(well)with sb与某人相处(得好)
get along/on(well/smoothly)with sth某事进展(得很好/很顺利)
get back 返回，回去；寻回，找回
get in 到达；收割；上班
get over 解决；克服；控制
表示“进展，进行”时，get along＝get on，其中along和on是副词，其后不能直接加宾语。

【即时巩固】
完成句子
(1)How is he ____________________ his studies?他的学习进展如何？
(2)He ____________________________ his boss.他与老板相处得很好。

【答案】(1)getting along/on with(2)gets along/on well with
选择填空
Last night I came across the man ____ you think is pleasant to ________. A．who; get along B．whom; get along
C．who; get along with D．whom; get along with
经典句型剖析
考点1 分词短语作状语
【教材原句】While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.你在遛狗的时候不小心让狗松脱了，接着它被一辆小车撞着了。

【句法分析】While walking the dog＝While you were walking the dog，这是状语从句的省略。

在when, while, if, as if, though, as, where, unless等连词(词组)引导的状语从句中，如果谓语动词有be，而主语又跟主句的主语相同或为it时，则从句的主语和be 常常省略。

【例句研读】
①When (I was) in Japan, I took many beautiful pictures.在日本时，我拍了许多漂亮的照片。

②While (I was) waiting, I read newspapers.我边等待，边看报纸。

③If (it were) not for you, we would not go there.要不是为你，我们就不会去那儿了。

④He looks as if (he were) drunk.他看上去像喝醉了。

⑤She went on working though (she was) exhausted.尽管她精疲力竭，但仍继续工作。

⑥Fill in the blanks with the given words; change the form where (it is) necessary.用所给词填空，必要的地方改变形式。

⑦I won't go unless (I'm) invited.除非被邀请，否则我不会去。

【考点聚焦】考查现在分词作状语，改写句子的原则是主句和从句的主语一致。

这个句型是提高写作句子水平的重要手段。

【即时巩固】
When first ______ to the market, these products enjoyed great success. A．introducing B．introduced
C．introduce D．being introduced
【答案】B
考点2 should have done结构的虚拟语气
【教材原句】...tell him/her that he/she should have studied... ……告诉他/她本该学习……
【句法分析】should have done结构表示过去应该做某事而事实上没有做；而shouldn't have done则表示过去本不该做某事而实际上却做了，两者皆含有“责备”的口吻。

【例句研读】
①You should have finished your homework yesterday.你昨天就该做完作业。

②You shouldn't have told him about it.你本来不应该告诉他这件事情。

拓展：其他“情态动词＋have＋done”结构：
(1)must have done对过去发生的事情的肯定推测。

“一定……”。

(2)can't/couldn't have done对过去发生的事情的否定推测。

“不可能……”。

(3)needn't have done过去没有必要做却做了。

“本来没必要做……”。

(4)ought (not) to have done＝should (not) have done
(5)might/may have done过去可能做了某事(可能性小)。

“可能做了……”。

(6)could have done过去本可能做而未做。

“本来能做……”。

(7)would have done愿意做某事却不能做。

“本来想要做……”。

【考点聚焦】含有should虚拟语气的用法
【即时巩固】
Oh, I'm not feeling well in the stomach. I ______ so much fried chicken just now. A．shouldn't eat B．mustn't have eaten
C．shouldn't have eaten D．mustn't eat
【答案】C
考点3 含有the+序数词+time句型的时态
【教材原句】...it was the first time in a year and a half that I'd seen the night face to face...
……这是我一年半以来第一次观察夜晚……
【句法分析】It is/was the first time(that)．..这是一个固定句式，it可换成this或that; first可换成second, third等，以表达不同的意义。

(1)It is the first time that...后接现在完成时；It was the first time that...后接过去完成时；It will be the first time that...后接现在完成时。

(2)the first time可起从属连词作用，引导时间状语从句。

The first time I saw her, my heart stopped.
我第一次见到她时，心脏都停止了跳动。

(3)for the first time意为“第一次”，单独用做状语。

He was cheated for the first time.他第一次被骗了。

【例句研读】
①This is the fourth time she's rung you in a week.这是她一周内第四次给你打电话。

②It was the second time that he had been out with her alone.这是他第二次单独跟她外出。

③It will be the second time that I have got the prize.那将是我第二次获得该奖。

【考点聚焦】考查动词时态
【即时巩固】
1.—Have you ever been here before?
—No. This is the first time that I ______ to the Great Wall.
A．comes B．have been
C．came D．had come
【答案】B
【解析】This is the first time that...之后的从句需要用现在完成时态。

2．This is the first time that we ________a film in the cinema together as a family . A．see B．had seen C．saw D．have seen
【答案】D
考点4 with的复合结构
【教材原句】Mother asked her if/whether she was very hot with so many clothes on.妈妈问她穿这么多衣服是不是很热。

【句法分析】“with＋n.＋形容词/副词/介词短语/分词/动词不定式”这种结构在句中经常做状语，表示原因、方式或伴随状态。

如果分词的动作与前面的名词是主动关系，用现在分词；如果是被动关系，则用过去分词；如果表示一个未来的动作就用不定式。

【例句研读】
①He lay on his back, with his eyes looking up into the sky. 他躺着，眼瞅着天空。

②With his homework done, he went out to play.完成作业，他就出去玩了。

③With the guide to lead us, we'll have no difficulty finding his house.有导游带路，我们将不费力地找到他家。

④He came in, with a book in his hand.他手里拿着一本书走了进来。

⑤He is used to sleeping with the windows open.他已经习惯了开着窗户睡觉。

⑥He often sleeps with the light on.他经常开着灯睡觉。

【考点聚焦】with的复合结构
【即时巩固】
______ five minutes ______ before the last bus left, we arrived at the station. A．There were; go B．With; to go
C．It was; left D．It had; left
【答案】B
考点5 强调句型
【教材原句】I wonder if it's because I haven't been able to be outdoors for so long that I've grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。

【句法分析】
It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who…强调句
(1)强调句一般疑问句形式：Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who…？
(2)强调句特殊疑问句形式：疑问词＋is/was it＋that/who…？
【注意事项】
(1)判断方法：将强调句型中的“It is/was”，“that/who”同时去掉，看剩下的部分句子结构是否仍然完整。

若完整，则是强调句型；反之，则不是。

(2)强调主语或宾语且其为人称代词时，应注意其形式：仍用主格或宾格形式。

(3)强调主语时，that或who后面的谓语动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致。

【例句研读】
1.It was not until I came here that I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.
直到我到这里我才意识到此地不仅因其美丽，更因其天气而闻名。

2.It was from only a few supplies that she had bought in the village that the hostess cooked such a nice dinner.
正是女主人用她在村庄里购买的一些必需品才烹调出这么美味的晚宴。

【即时巩固】
1.【2018·天津】14. It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house
___________we saw Lily in the passenger seat.
A. which
B. that
C. when
D. where
【答案】B
点睛：本题考查强调句，要求有学生掌握好强调句的常用句型以及相关知识的能力。

分析句子时首先要看清楚结构，I t is / was…开头而后面跟句子时就要看它是不是强调句了。

强调句有一个特点：拿掉It was/is…that…后不影响整个句子的完整性，则是强调句。

判断完是不是强调句后再根据强调的部分是人还是物来选择连接词that或者是who。

2.【2017·天津卷】11. It was when I got back to my apartment ______ I first came across my new neighbors.
A. who
B. where
C. which
D. that
【答案】D
【解析】
试题分析：句意：当我回到我的公寓的时候，我首先遇见了我的新邻居。

根据关键词It was 开头，后面连词首选that，，构成强调句型，但需要验证，本句中去掉It was 和that，句意完整，所以确定是强调句型。

故选D。

考点：考查强调句型。

【名师点睛】判断一句话是否是强调句的一个方法是去掉强调结构，如果这句话还能够成立就是强调句，例如这道题，去掉强调结构是：when I got back to my apartment ______ I first came across my new neighbors..这句话是成立的，所以是强调句。

除了强调句的陈述句，还需要掌握强调句的一般疑问句和特殊疑问词的结构，还有强调句做名词性从句的语序问题。

【语法填空】
【2016·上海】(B)
But like so many other things, it is only too much stress(34)______ does you harm.。