组蛋白甲基化阅读蛋白的英文缩写

组蛋白甲基化阅读蛋白的英文缩写英文回答：
The term "chromatin readers" refers to proteins that recognize specific patterns of histone methylation and initiate appropriate biological responses. These readers contain diverse structural domains that allow them to engage with methylated chromatin and mediate downstream signaling events. Chromatin readers play crucial roles in gene regulation, DNA repair, and other nuclear processes.
Here is a list of the major classes of histone methyl reader domains along with their abbreviations:
Chromodomain (CHD)。

MBD family of methyl-CpG binding domain proteins (MBD)。

Tudor domain (TUD)。

Zinc finger domain (ZnF)。

Plant homeodomain (PHD)。

Double chromodomain (DCHD)。

E3 ubiquitin ligase (E3)。

Among these domains, CHD, Tudor, and MBD are the most commonly found, and their presence usually defines a
protein as a chromatin reader. The DCHD domain is found in a subset of chromatin readers, and it typically engages with methylated CpG islands. PHD domains recognize specific patterns of histone methylation and are often involved in recruiting effector proteins to methylated chromatin. Zinc finger domains can also bind methylated histones, but they have a broader specificity than other reader domains. E3 ubiquitin ligases are chromatin readers that target methylated histones for ubiquitination, leading to their degradation or modification.
Chromatin readers have diverse biological functions
that are dictated by the specific histone methylation marks they recognize. For example, the reader protein CBX3 is involved in gene silencing and heterochromatin formation, while the reader protein 53BP1 is involved in DNA repair and checkpoint signaling. Other chromatin readers, such as the MBD family proteins, are involved in transcriptional regulation and DNA methylation maintenance.
Overall, the identification and characterization of chromatin readers have provided valuable insights into the mechanisms of gene regulation and other nuclear processes. These readers are essential components of the epigenetic machinery that governs cellular development and function.
中文回答：
组蛋白甲基化读取蛋白是指能够识别特定组蛋白甲基化模式并启动适当生物反应的蛋白质。

这些读取蛋白包含不同的结构域，使它们能够与甲基化染色质相互作用并介导下游信号事件。

组蛋白甲基化读取蛋白在基因调控、DNA修复和其他核过程中发挥着至关重
要的作用。

以下是主要类型的组蛋白甲基读取蛋白结构域及其缩写：
染色质结构域（CHD）。

甲基化CpG结合蛋白的MBD家族（MBD）。

都铎结构域（TUD）。

锌指结构域（ZnF）。

植物同源异型结构域（PHD）。

双染色质结构域（DCHD）。

E3泛素连接酶（E3）。

在这些结构域中，CHD、都铎和MBD是最常见的，它们的存在通常将蛋白质定义为染色质读取蛋白。

DCHD结构域存在于一部分染色质读取蛋白中，它通常与甲基化的CpG岛结合。

PHD结构域识别组蛋白甲基化的特定模式，通常参与将效应蛋白募集到甲基化染色质中。

锌指结构域也可以结合甲基化组蛋白，但它们的专一性比其他读取结构域更广。

E3泛素连接酶是染色质读取蛋白，它靶向甲基化
组蛋白进行泛素化，导致它们的降解或修饰。

染色质读取蛋白具有多种生物学功能，由它们识别的特定组蛋
白甲基化标记决定。

例如，读取蛋白CBX3参与基因沉默和异染色质
形成，而读取蛋白53BP1参与DNA修复和检查点信号传导。

其他染
色质读取蛋白，如MBD家族蛋白，参与转录调控和DNA甲基化维持。

总体而言，染色质读取蛋白的鉴定和表征为基因调控和其他核
过程的机制提供了宝贵的见解。

这些读取蛋白是调控细胞发育和功
能的表观遗传机制的重要组成部分。