矿物翻译
矿物的英文单词
1, albite ['ælbaɪt] Abn.钠长石;2, acmite ['ækmait] Acn.锥辉石3, actinolite [æk'tɪnəlaɪt] Actn.阳起石4, aegirine ['eiɡə,ri:n] Aen.霓石5, alkali feldspar Afn.碱性长石6, alkali ['ælkəlaɪ]n.碱；可溶性无机盐;adj.碱性的;7, feldspar ['feldspɑː]n.长石8, akermanite ['ækəmənait] Akn.镁黄长石9, almandine ['ælməndiːn; -daɪn] Alm n. 铁铝榴石；铁铝石榴子石10, allanite ['ælənait] Alnn. 褐石；褐帘石Al2SiO5 minerals Als Al2SiO5矿物11, amphibole ['æmfɪbəʊl Amn.闪石，角闪石anorthite An 钙长石12, andalusite [,ændə'luːsaɪt] Andn.红柱石13, andradite ['ændrədaɪt] Andrn.钙铁榴石14, antigorite [æn'tiɡərait] Ang=Atg n.叶蛇纹石15, analcite [ə'nælsaɪt] Anl n.方沸石16, annite Annn. 铁云母，羟铁云母17, anthophyllite [,æn'θɔfilait] Ant n.直闪石18, apatite ['æpətaɪt] Apn.磷灰石19, aragonite ['ærəg(ə)naɪt] Arn.霰石；文石20, arfvedsonite ['ɑ:vidsə,nait] Arf n. 钠角闪石；钠铁闪石21, augite ['ɔːdʒaɪt] Augn.辉石；普通辉石22, biotite ['baɪətaɪt] Bi=btn.黑云母23, brucite ['bru:sait] Brcn.水镁石；氢氧镁石Bre 铁菱镁矿Calc-amphible 钙质角闪石24, carpholite ['kɑːfəlaɪt] Carn.纤锰柱石25, calcite ['kælsaɪt] Ccn.方解石26, chlorite ['klɔːraɪt] Chl=Chn.绿泥石；亚氯酸盐27, chrysotile ['krɪsə(ʊ)taɪl] Chrn.温石棉；温石绒；纤维蛇纹石28, chloritoid ['klɔ:ritɔid] Cld=Ctn.硬绿泥石29, clintonite ['klintənait] Cltn.脆云母30, chromite ['krəʊmaɪt] Cmn.铬铁矿；[无化] 亚铬酸盐31, corundum [kə'rʌndəm] Co=Cmn.金刚砂，刚玉32, clinopyroxene [,klainə'priəksi:n] Cpx n.斜辉石33, cordierite ['kɔːdɪəraɪt] Crd=Cordn.堇青石34, crossite Crs青铝闪石35, cummingtonite ['kʌmiŋtə,nait] Cum n.镁铁闪石36, deerite Der迪尔石37, diopside [daɪ'ɒpsaɪd] Din.透辉石38, diamond ['daɪəmənd] Dian.钻石，金刚石；菱形；方块牌; adj. 菱形的；金刚钻的;39, dolomite ['dɒləmaɪt] Doln.白云石40, enstatite ['enstətaɪt] Enn.顽火辉石41, epidote ['epɪdəʊt] Epn.绿帘石42, fayalite ['feə,laɪt] Fan.铁橄榄石；正硅酸铁43, forsterite ['fɔ:stərait] Fon.镁橄榄石；硅酸镁石44, ferrosilite [,ferəu'silait] Fsn.铁辉石；斜铁辉石；低铁透辉石45, gedrite ['ɡedrait] Gedn.铝直闪石46, glaucophane ['ɡlɔ:kə,fein] Gln.蓝闪石47, glauconite ['glɔːkənaɪt] Gltn.海绿石48, gypsum ['dʒɪpsəm] Gpvt. 用石膏处理；施石膏肥料于;n. 石膏；石膏肥料49, graphite ['græfaɪt] Gran. 石墨；黑铅;vt. 用石墨涂（或搀入等）50, grossular ['ɡrɔsjulə] Gron.钙铝榴石（等于grossularite）51, garnet ['gɑːnɪt] Gt=Ga=Grtn.石榴石；深红色；装货用的滑车; adj. 深红色的；暗红色的;52, hematite ['hemətaɪt] Hemn.赤铁矿53, hornblende ['hɔːnblend] Hbn.角闪石54, hedenbergite ['hedənbəɡait] Hdn.钙铁辉石55, heulandite ['hjuːləndaɪt] Hun.片沸石56, hypersthene ['haɪpəsθiːn] Hyn.紫苏辉石57, iddingsite ['idiŋzait] Idnn. 褐绿泥石；[矿物] 伊丁石58, illite ['ɪlaɪt] Illn.伊利石59, ilmenite ['ɪlmənaɪt] Ilmn.钛铁矿60, jadeite ['dʒeɪdaɪt] Jdn. 翡翠；硬玉jedrite Jed 铝直闪石61, kaolinite ['keɪəlɪnaɪt] Kaon.高岭石k-feldspar 钾长石 Kf=Kfs62, kyanite ['kaɪənaɪt] Kyn.蓝晶石63, labradorite [,læbrə'dɔːraɪt] Labn.拉长石；[矿物] 闪光拉长石；[岩] 富拉玄武岩64, larnite ['lɑ:nait] Larn.斜硅钙石65, leucite ['luːsaɪt] Lcn.白榴石66, lizardite ['lizədait] Lizn. 利蛇纹石67, laumonite Lmt=Lmn. 浊沸石68, lawsonite [lɔ'səunait] Lw=Lawn.硬柱石，二水钙长石69, margarite ['mɑːɡəraɪt] Marn.珍珠云母70, mica ['maɪkə] Mcn.云母;71, melilite ['mɛlə,laɪt] Meln.黄长石；方柱石72, merwinite ['mɜːwɪnaɪt] Mer默硅钙镁石;[矿物] 镁硅钙石73, magnesioriebekite Mg=Rie镁钠闪石74, magnesite ['mægnɪsaɪt] Mgn n.菱镁矿75, microcline ['maɪkrə(ʊ)klaɪn] Mi=Mic n.微斜长石76, montmorillonite [,mɒntmə'rɪlənaɪt] Mic n.蒙脱石；胶岭石77, monazite ['mɒnəzaɪt] Mnzn.独居石78, monticellite [,mɔnti'selait] Mocn.钙镁橄榄石79, muscovite ['mʌskəvaɪt] Msn. 白云母；俄国人；莫斯科居民;adj. 俄国人的；莫斯科居民的80, magnetite ['mægnɪtaɪt] Mtn.磁铁矿81, mullite ['mʌlaɪt] Mun.多铝红柱石82, nepheline ['nef(ə)lɪn] Nen.霞石83, nosean ['nəuzən] Nosn. 方岩，方石；黝方石otho-amphibole Oma 斜方角闪石84, olivine ['ɒlɪviːn; -aɪn] Oln.橄榄石；黄绿85, oligoclase ['ɒlɪgə(ʊ)kleɪz] Olgn.奥长石，钠钙长石86, omphacite ['ɒmfəsaɪt] Ompn.绿辉石87, orthopyroxene [,ɔ:θəpai'rɔksi:n] Opx n.斜方辉石类88, orthoclase ['ɔːθəkleɪz] Orn.正长石89, osumilite Os大隅石90, periclase ['perɪkleɪz; -s] Pe=Pern.方镁石91, paragonite [pə'ræɡənaɪt] Pgn.钠云母92, phlogopite ['flɒgəpaɪt] Phln.金云母93, phengite ['fendʒait] Phnn.多硅白云母94, piemontite Pie红帘石95, pigeonite ['pidʒinait] Pign.易变辉石96, plagioclase ['pleɪdʒɪə(ʊ)kleɪz; 'plægɪəʊ-]Pl=Plagn. 斜长石97, prehnite ['preɪnaɪt] Prhn.葡萄石98, pyrophyllite [,paɪərəʊ'fɪlaɪt] Prln.叶蜡石99, pumpellyite [pʌm'peli,ait] Pun.绿纤石100, pyroxene [paɪ'rɒksiːn] Pxn.辉石101, pyrite ['paɪraɪt] Pyn.黄铁矿102, pyrope ['paɪrəʊp] Pyrn.镁铝榴石103, quartz [kwɔːts] Q=Qz n. 石英104, rankinite ['ræŋkinait] Rann.硅钙石；矽钙石105, riebeckite ['ri:bekait] Rien.钠闪石106, rutile ['ruːtɪl; 'ruːtaɪl] Rt=Run.金红石107, sanidine ['sænɪdin] Sann.透长石；玻璃长石108, scapolite ['skæpəlaɪt] Sc=Sca=Scp n.方柱石109, sericite ['serisait] Sen. 丝（绢）云母110, serpentine ['sɜːp(ə)ntaɪn] Ser=Serp adj. 蜿蜒的；阴险的；vt. 使迂回曲折地行进;vi. 像蛇般行进;n.蛇纹石111, sillimanite ['sɪlɪmənaɪt] Siln. 硅线石112, smectite ['smektait] Smn.蒙脱石；（去油垢）绿土113, spinel ['spɪnəl] Sp=Spln.尖晶石114, sphene [sfiːn] Sphn.榍石（等于titanite）115, sapphirine ['sæfəriːn] Sprn.假蓝宝石;adj. 蓝宝石的116, spessartine ['spesətiːn] Spsn.锰铝榴石117, spurrite ['spʌraɪt] Spun.灰硅钙石118, staurolite ['stɔːrəlaɪt] Stn.十字石（一种硅酸铝铁矿）n.锆石119, stilpnomelane [,stɪlpnəʊ'meleɪn] Stp[矿物] 黑硬绿泥石120, talc [tælk] Tcvt. 用滑石粉处理；撒滑石粉在…上;n. 滑石；云母121, tilleyite ['tilei,ait] Tiln. 碳硅钙石；[矿物] 粒硅钙石；碳矽钙石122, topaz ['təʊpæz] Tpn. [宝] 黄晶，黄玉；[鸟] 南美蜂鸟;123, tremolite ['trem(ə)laɪt] Trn.透闪石124, tridymite ['trɪdɪmaɪt] Trin.鳞石英125, tschermakite ['tʃə:mækait] Tsn.钙镁闪石126, vermiculite [və'mɪkjʊlaɪt] Vern. 蛭石（一种隔热材料）127, vesuvianite [vɪ'suːvɪənaɪt] Vesn.符山石，维苏威石128, white mica Wm白云母129, wollastonite ['wʊləstənaɪt] Won. 钙硅石；硅酸钙岩矿130, wairakite ['wairəkait] Wrn.斜钙沸石131, wustite ['wu:stait] Wun. 方铁矿，方铁体132, zoisite ['zɒɪsaɪt] Zon.黝帘石133, zircon ['zɜːk(ə)n] Zr=Zrn。
英语色彩词的构成翻译及应用-教育文档资料
英语色彩词的构成翻译及应用在比较多接触英语色彩词之前在比较多接触英语色彩词之前,,我们对色彩词的印象只是red,yellow,blue,green,black,white,red,yellow,blue,green,black,white,加上加上light或dark blue,再加上black tea 要译为“红茶”,还有要译为“红茶”,还有ivory white “象牙白”,green 有时译为“没经验”等等。
在与色彩词较多接触之后,才明白才明白,,色彩词原来可有非常广泛的用途。
例如色彩词原来可有非常广泛的用途。
例如: :Mr. Black is a very white man. He works in a rose chestnut factory. There he often uses orangesticks,mineral black,brown paper. He is always in white,but the other day he was in baby pink and was lookingrather green,He has been feeling blue lately. When I saw him,he was in a brown study. I hope he’ll soon be in the pink again. (布莱克先生是个非常忠实可靠的人。
他在一家铁木厂工作。
他在厂里常使用指甲签、万墨牛纸。
他总是身穿白衣他总是身穿白衣,,但是那天他却穿着浅粉红色的衣但是那天他却穿着浅粉红色的衣,,脸上颇带病色。
近来他感到闷闷不乐。
我见到他时闷不乐。
我见到他时,,他精神恍忽。
我希望他早日康复他精神恍忽。
我希望他早日康复) )这个段落涉及到了色彩词的构成、翻译及应用。
下面我们逐个问题做些探讨。
个问题做些探讨。
一、色彩词的构成一、色彩词的构成1.1.简单色彩词简单色彩词简单色彩词常见的简单色彩词主要是十一种基本色彩词常见的简单色彩词主要是十一种基本色彩词,,但还有大量的单色颜色词是由植物、动物、珠宝、矿物、自然现象、食物等名词转化而来的。
矿物加工技术双语翻译
PartI words Chapter1 Introductionalluvial mining---冲积矿床开采aluminium—铝an optimum grind size—最佳磨矿粒度barytes—重晶石comminution—粉碎degree of liberation—解离度diamond ores—金刚石矿石Electrical conductivity properties—导电性fluorite—萤石fundamental operations—基本选别流程release/liberation—解离Galena—leadsulphide—方铅矿sphalerite-zincsulphide—闪锌矿cassiterite-tin oxide—锡石grinding—磨矿Laboratory and pilot scale test-work—试验室和半工业实验Line flowsheet—线流程locking of mineral and gangue—连生体Middlings—中矿mill(concentrator)--- 选矿厂milling costs—磨矿消耗Minerals definition(p.1)metallic ore processing –金属矿石加工gangue—脉石Mineral—矿物ore—矿石crust of the earth—地壳sea-bed—河床non-metallic ores—非金属矿石bauxite—氧化铝optical properties—光学性质Ore bodies—矿体part per million(ppm)Primary grind—粗磨product handling—产品处理pyrite –黄铁矿Recovery—回收率Refractory bricks—耐火砖abrasives—磨料Separation—分离Smelter—熔炼sorting—拣选subsequent concentration process—后续选别流程Tailings retreatment—尾矿再处理as-mined(run of mine)—原矿mineral processing(ore dressing/mineral dressing/milling（磨选）)—矿物加工portion/concentrate—精矿discard/tailing—尾矿the flowsheet—工艺流程The minimum metal content(grade)—最低金属含量The valuable mineral—有用矿物complex ores—复合矿The waste minerals—脉石enrichment process—富集工艺metal losses—金属损失the enrichment ratio—富集比efficiency of mineral processing operations—矿物加工作业效率The ratio of concentration –选别比the grade/assay—品位ultra-fine particles—超细颗粒unit concentration processes—单元选别流程Chapter2Ore handingopen-pit ore(露天开采的矿石p30，左下)run-of-mine ore(原矿)Typical washing plant flowsheet(洗矿车间典型流程figure 2.2) tipper (卸料器p33 右上)Shuttle belt (梭式胶带p33 右中)Gravity bucket elevator （斗式重力提升机p33 右下）Ore storage(矿物储存p35 右上)包括:stockpile （矿场）bin（矿仓）tank (贮槽)Front-end loader (前段式装载机p35 右上)Bucket-wheel reclaimer（斗轮式装载机p35 右上）Reclaim tunnel system（隧道装运系统p35 右上）The amount of reclaimable material/the live storage(有效贮量p35 右中figure 2.7) Conditioning tank (调和槽p36 左上)Chain-feeder (罗斯链式给矿机figure 2.9)Cross-section of elliptical bar feeder （椭圆形棒条给矿机figure 2.10）Vibrating grizzly feeder (振动格筛给矿机p37 左上)Apron feeder (板式给矿机figure 2.11)Belt feeder (胶带给矿机p37 右下)Chapter 4 particle size analysisacicular(针状);adverse(相反的);algorithm(算法);angular(多角状);aperture(孔径);apex (顶点);apparatus(仪器);arithmetic(运算器，算术); assaying(化验);attenuation(衰减);beaker decantation(烧杯倾析); blinding(阻塞);calibration(校正);charge(负荷);congest(充满);consecutive(连续的);contract(压缩);convection current(对流); conversion factor(转化因子); crystalline(晶体状);cyclosizer(旋流分析仪);de-aerated(脱气);derive:(得出);dilute(稀释);dimensionless quantity(无量纲量); dispersing agent(分散剂);distort(变形);duplicate(重复); electrical impedence(电阻); electroetching(电蚀刻); electroform(电铸);elutriation(淘析);epidote(绿帘石);equilateral triangle(等边三角形); flaky(薄片状);flask(烧瓶);fractionated sample(分级产品); gauze(筛网);geometric(几何学的);granular(粒状的);graticule(坐标网);gray scale(灰度);ground glass(毛玻璃);hand sieve(手动筛);histogram(直方图);immersion(浸没);inter-conversion(相互转变); interpolate(插值);intervals(区间);laminar flow(粘性流体);laser diffraction(激光衍射);light scattering method(光散射法); line of slope(斜率);logarithmic(对数的);machine sieve(机械筛); mechanical constraint(机械阻力);mesh(目);modular(系数的，制成有标准组件的);near size(临界筛孔尺寸);nominal aperture();nylon(尼龙);opening(开口);ordinate(纵坐标);perforated(多孔的);pipette(吸管);plotting cumulative undersize(累积筛下曲线); median size(中间粒度d50);polyhedron(多面体); reflection(反射); procure(获得);projected area diameter(投影面直径);ratio of the aperture width(筛比);refractive index(折射率);regression(回归) ;reproducible(可再生的);sedimentation balance(沉降天平); sedimentation(沉降) ;segment(片);sensor section(传感器); sieve shaker(振动筛，振筛器); spreadsheet(电子表格);simultaneously(同时地);size distribution(粒度分布);spectrometer(摄谱仪);stokes diameter(斯托克斯直径);subdivide(细分);sub-sieve(微粒);suction(吸入);syphon tube(虹吸管);tabulate(列表);tangential entry(切向入口);terminal velocity(沉降末速);truncate(截断);twill(斜纹图);two way cock(双通塞);ultra sonic(超声波);underside(下侧);vertex(顶点);vortex outlet (涡流出口);wetting agent(润湿剂);Chapter 5 comminutionattrition----- 研磨batch-type grindability test—小型开路可磨性实验bond’s third theory—邦德第三理论work index----功指数breakage—破碎converyor--- 运输机crack propagation—裂隙扩展crushing and grinding processes—破碎磨矿过程crushing----压扎crystalline material—晶状构体physical and chemical bond –物理化学键diameter—直径elastic—弹性fine-grained rocks—细粒岩石coarse-grained rocks—粗粒岩石chemical additives—化学添加剂fracture----碎裂free surface energy—自由表面能potential energy of atoms—原子势能graphical methods---图解法grindability test—可磨性实验crushing and grinding efficiency--- 破碎磨矿效率grinding media—磨矿介质gyratory crusher---旋回破碎机tumbling mill --- 筒形磨矿机impact crusher—冲击式破碎机high pressure griding roll--高压辊磨impact breaking-冲击破碎impact—冲击jaw—颚式破碎机material index-材料指数grindability—可磨性mill----选矿厂non-linear regression methods--- 非线性回归法ore carry--- 矿车Parameter estimation techniques—参数估计技术reduction ratio—破碎比roll crusher—辊式破碎机operating work indices—操作功指数Scraper—电铲slurry feed—矿浆SPI(SAG Power Index)—SAG 功指数simulation of comminution processes and circuits—粉碎工艺流程模拟stirred mill—搅拌磨stram energy---应变能the breakage characteristics—碎裂特性the crystalline lattice—晶格the reference ore---参比矿石product size distribution--- 产品粒度分布theory of comminution—粉碎理论brittle—脆性的tough material--- 韧性材料platstic flow—塑性流动Tracer methods—示踪法vibration mill-- 振动磨矿机Chapter 6CrushersAG/SAG mills(autogenousgrinding/semiautogenous grinding) 自磨、半自磨Alternating working stresses交替工作应力Amplitude of swing 摆幅Arrested or free crushing 夹压碎矿、自由碎矿Bell-shaped 钟形Belt scales 皮带秤Binding agents 粘结剂Bitumen 沥青Blending and rehandling 混合再处理Breaker plate 反击板Capital costs 基建费用Capstan and chain 铰杆铰链Cast iron or steel 铸铁铸钢Chalk 白垩Cheek plates 夹板Choke fed 阻塞给矿（挤满给矿）Choked crushing 阻塞碎矿Chromium carbide 碳铬合金Clay 粘土Concave 凹的Convex 凸的Corrugated 波纹状的Cross-sectional area 截面积Cross-section剖面图Crusher gape 排矿口Crusher throat 破碎腔Crushing chamber 破碎腔Crushing rolls 辊式碎矿机Crushing 破碎Discharge aperture 排矿口Double toggle 双肘板Drilling and blasting 打钻和爆破Drive shaft 驱动轴Eccentric sleeve 偏心轴套Eccentric 偏心轮Elliptical 椭圆的Epoxy resin 环氧树脂垫片Filler material 填料Fixed hammer impact mill 固定锤冲击破碎机Flakes 薄片Flaky 薄而易剥落的Floating roll 可动辊Flywheel 飞轮Fragmentation chamber 破碎腔Grizzlies 格条筛Gypsum 石膏Gyratory crushers 旋回破碎机Hammer mills 锤碎机Hydraulic jacking 液压顶Idle 闲置Impact crushers 冲击式破碎机Interparticle comminution 粒间粉碎Jaw crushers 颚式破碎机Limestone 石灰岩Lump 成块Maintenance costs 维修费Manganese steel mantle 锰钢罩Manganese steel 锰钢Mechanical delays 机械检修Metalliferous ores 有色金属矿Nip 挤压Nodular cast iron 球墨铸铁Nut 螺母Pack 填充Pebble mills 砾磨Pillow 垫板Pitman 连杆Pivot 轴Plates 颚板Primary crushing 初碎Receiving areas 受矿面积Reduction ratio 破碎比Residual stresses 残余应力Ribbon 流量Rivets 铆钉Rod mills 棒磨Roll crushers 辊式碎矿机Rotary coal breakers 滚筒碎煤机Rotating head 旋回锥体Scalp 扫除Secondary crushing 中碎Sectionalized concaves分段锥面Set 排矿口Shales 页岩Silica 二氧化硅Single toggle 单肘板Skips or lorries 箕斗和矿车Spider 壁架Spindle 竖轴Springs 弹簧Staves 环板Steel forgings 锻件Stroke 冲程Stroke 冲程Surge bin 缓冲箱Suspended bearing 悬吊轴承Swell 膨胀Swinging jaw 动颚Taconite ores 铁燧岩矿石Tertiary crushing 细碎The (kinetic) coefficient of friction （动）摩擦系数The angle of nip啮角The angle of repose 安息角The cone crusher 圆锥破碎机The cone lining 圆锥衬里The gyradisc crusher 盘式旋回碎矿机Thread 螺距Throughput 处理量Throw 冲程Tripout 停机Trommel screen 滚筒筛Valve 阀Vibrating screens 振动筛Wear 磨损Wedge-shaped 锥形Chapter 7 grinding millsAbrasion 磨蚀Alignment Amalgamation 融合/汞剂化Asbestos 石棉Aspect ratio 纵横比/高宽比Attrition 磨蚀Autogenous mill 自磨机Ball mill 棒磨Barite 重晶石Bearing 轴承Bellow 吼叫Belly 腹部Best-fit 最优化Bolt 螺栓Brittle 易碎的Build-up 增强Butt-weld 焊接Capacitance 电容量Cascade 泻落Cataract 抛落Central shaft 中心轴Centrifugal force 离心力Centrifugal mill 离心磨Chipping 碎屑Churning 搅拌器Circulating load 循环负荷Circumferential 圆周Clinker 渣块Cobbing 人工敲碎Coiled spring 盘簧Comminution 粉碎Compression 压缩Contraction 收缩Corrosion 腐蚀Corrugated 起褶皱的Crack 裂缝Critical speed 临界速度Crystal lattice 晶格Cushion 垫子Cyanide 氰化物Diagnose 诊断Dilute 稀释Discharge 放电Drill coreElastic 有弹性的Electronic belt weigher 电子皮带秤Elongation 延长率Emery 金刚砂Energy-intensive 能量密度Entangle 缠绕Expert system 专家系统Explosives 易爆炸的Flange 破碎Fracture 折断、破碎Front-end loader 前段装备Gear 齿轮传动装置Girth 周长Granulate 颗粒状的Grate discharge 磨碎排矿GreenfieldGrindability 可磨性Grinding media 磨矿介质Groove 沟槽Helical 螺旋状的High carbon steel 高碳钢High pressure grinding roll 高压滚磨Hopper 加料斗Housing 外壳Impact 冲击Impeller 叶轮IntegralInternal stress 内部压力Kinetic energy 运动能Least-square 最小平方Limestone 石灰岩Liner 衬板Lock 锁Lubricant 润滑剂Magnetic metal liner 磁性衬板Malleable 有延展性的Manhole 检修孔Material index 材料指数Matrix 矿脉Muffle 覆盖Multivariable control 多元控制Newtonian 牛顿学的Nodular cast iron 小块铸铁Non-Newtonian 非牛顿的Normally 通常Nuclear density gauge 核密度计Nullify废弃Oblique间接地，斜的Operating 操作Orifice 孔Output shaft 产量轴Overgrinding 过磨Parabolic 像抛物线似地Pebble 砾石Pebble mill 砾磨PendulumPilot scale 规模试验Pinion 小齿轮Pitting 使留下疤痕Plane 水平面PloughPotential energy 潜力Pressure transducer 压力传感器Prime moverPrismatic 棱柱形的Probability 可能性/概率Propagation 增值Pulp density 矿浆密度Pulverize 粉碎Quartzite 石英岩Radiused 半径Rake 耙子Reducer还原剂Reduction ratio 缩小比Retention screenRetrofit 改进Rheological 流变学的Rib骨架Rod 棒Roller-bearing 滚动轴承Rotor 旋转器Rubber liner 橡胶衬板Rupture 裂开ScatsScoop铲起Scraper 刮取器Screw flight 螺旋飞行Seasoned 干燥的SegregationSet-point 选点Shaft 轴Shear 剪Shell 外壳Simulation 模拟SlasticitySpalling 击碎Spigot 龙头Spill 溢出/跌落Spin 使什么旋转Spiral classifier 螺旋分级机Spout 喷出Stationary 静止的Stator 固定片Steady-state 不变的Steel plate 钢盘Steel-capped 钢帽Stirred mill搅拌磨Stress concentration 应力集中Sump 水池Taconite 铁燧岩Tensile stress 拉伸力Thicken 浓缩Throughput 生产量Thyristor 半导体闸流管Time lag 时间间隔Tower mill塔磨Trajectory 轨迹Trial and error 反复试验Trunnion 耳轴Tube millTumbling mill 滚磨Undergrinding 欠磨Underrun 低于估计产量Unlock 开启Vibratory mill 振动磨Viscometer 黏度计Viscosity 黏性Warp 弯曲Wearing linerWedged 楔形物Work index 功指数Chapter 8Industrial screeningBauxite 铝土矿Classification 分级Diagonal 斜的Dry screening 干筛Efficiency or partition curve 效率曲线、分离曲线Electrical solenoids 电磁场Elongated and slabby particles 细长、成板层状颗粒Granular 粒状Grizzly screens 格筛Hexagons 六边形Hydraulic classifiers 水力旋流器Linear screen 线性筛Mesh 网眼Mica 云母Near-mesh particles 近筛孔尺寸颗粒Octagons 八边形Open area 有效筛分面积Oscillating 振荡的Perpendicular 垂直的Polyurethane 聚氨酯Probabilistic 概率性的Resonance screens 共振筛Rhomboids 菱形Rinse 漂洗Rubber 橡胶Screen angle 颗粒逼近筛孔的角度Shallow 浅的Static screens 固定筛Tangential 切线的The cut point（The separation size）分离尺寸Trommels 滚筒筛Vibrating screens 振动筛Water sprays 喷射流Chapter9 classification added increment（增益）aggregate（聚集）alluvial（沉积）apex(顶点) deleterious(有害) approximation（概算，近似值）apron（挡板）buoyant force（浮力）correspond（符合,相符）critical dilution（临界稀释度）cut point（分离点）descent（降落）dilute（稀释的）drag force（拖拽力）duplex（双）effective density（有效比重）emergent（分离出的）equilibrium（平衡）exponent（指数）feed-pressure gauge（给矿压力表）free-settling ratio（自由沉降比）full teeter（完全摇摆流态化）geometry（几何尺寸）helical screw（螺旋沿斜槽）hindered settling（干涉沉降）hollow cone spray（中空锥体喷流）Hydraulic classifier（水力分级机）imperfection（不完整度）incorporated（合并的）infinite（任意的）involute（渐开线式）Mechanical classifier（机械分级机）minimize（最小限度的）multi-spigot hydro-sizer（多室水力分级机）pressure-sensitive valve（压敏阀）Newton’s law（牛顿定律）orifice（孔）overflow（溢流）parallel（平行的，并联的）performance or partition curve（应用特性曲线）predominate（主导）pulp density（矿浆比重）quadruple（四倍）quicksand（流砂体）Reynolds number（雷诺数）scouring（擦洗）Settling cones（圆锥分级机）shear force(剪切力)simplex（单）simulation（模拟）slurry（矿浆）sorting column（分级柱）spherical（球形的）spigot（沉砂）Spiral classifiers（螺旋分级机）Stokes’ law（斯托克斯定律）surging（起伏波动）suspension（悬浮液）tangential（切线式）Teeter chamber（干涉沉降室）teeter（摇摆）terminal velocity(末速)The rake classifier(耙式分级机) turbulent resistance（紊流阻力）underflow （底流）vertical axis（垂直轴）vessel（分级柱）viscosity（粘度）viscous resistance(粘滞阻力) vortex finder（螺旋溢流管）well-dispersed（分散良好的）Chapter 10gravity concentrationactive fluidised bed(流化床); amplitude(振幅);annular(环状的); asbestos(石棉); asymmetrical (非对称的); baddeleyite (斜锆石); barytes (重晶石); cassiterite (锡石); chromite(铬铁矿);circular (循环的); circumference (圆周); closed-circuit (闭路);coefficient of friction (摩擦系数); compartment (隔箱);concentration criterion (分选判据); conduit(管);contaminated(污染);counteract (抵消);degradation (降解);density medium separation (重介质分选); detrimental(有害的);diaphragm (隔膜);dilate (使膨胀);displacement (置换);divert (转移);dredge (挖掘船);eccentric drive(偏心轮驱动); encapsulate (密封);equal settling rate(等沉降比);evenly(均匀的);excavation (采掘);exhaust (废气);feed size range (给矿粒度范围); fiberglass (玻璃纤维);flash floatation (闪浮);flattened(变平);float (浮子);flowing film (流膜);fluid resistance (流体阻力);gate mechanism (开启机制);halt(停止);hand jig (手动跳汰机);harmonic waveform (简谐波);helical(螺旋状的);hindered settling (干涉沉降);hutch(底箱)；immobile (稳定);interlock (连结);interstice (间隙);jerk(急拉);kyanite (蓝晶石);lateral (侧向的，横向的);linoleum (漆布);mica(云母);momentum (动量) ;mount(安装);multiple (多重的)；multi-spigot hydrosizer (多室水力分级机); natural gravity flower (自流); neutralization (中和作用);nucleonic density gauge (核密度计); obscure (黑暗的，含糊不清的); obsolete (报废的);onsolidation trickling (固结滴沉);open-circuit (开路);pebble stone/gravels(砾石); periphery(周边的);pinched (尖缩的) ;platelet(片晶);platinum(铂金);plunger (活塞);pneumatic table(风力摇床); pneumatically (靠压缩空气); porus(孔);preset(预设置);pressure sensing(压力传感的); pressurize (加压);pulsating (脉动的);pulsion/suction stroke (推/吸冲程); quotient (商);radial(径向的);ragging (重物料残铺层);rate of withdraw (引出速率);raw feed (新进料);reciprocate(往复);refuse (垃圾);render (使得);residual (残留的);retard(延迟);riffle (床条);rinse(冲洗);rod mill (棒磨);rotary water vale (旋转水阀); rubber(橡胶);saw tooth (锯齿形的);scraper(刮板);sectors(扇形区);semiempirical(半经验的); settling cone (沉降椎);shaft (轴);side-wall (侧壁);sinterfeed (烧结料);sinusoidal (正弦曲线);slime table(矿泥摇床);sluice (溜槽);specular hematite (镜铁矿); spinning (自转；离心分离); splitters (分离机);starolite (星石英);staurolite (十字石);stratification (分层); stratum (地层); submerge (浸没);sump (池); superimposed (附加的); surge capacity (缓冲容量); synchronization (同步的); throughput(生产能力); tilting frames (翻筛); timing belt (同步带); trapezoidal shaped (梯形的); tray (浅盘) ;trough(槽);tungsten (钨);uneven (不均匀的);uniformity(均匀性);uranolite (陨石);validate(有效);vicinity (附近);water (筛下水);wolframite (黑钨矿，钨锰铁矿);Chapter 11 dense medium separation(DMS) barite（重晶石）Bromoform（溴仿）bucket（桶）carbon tetrachloride（四氯化碳）centrifugal（离心的）chute（陡槽）Clerici solution（克莱利西溶液）corrosion（腐蚀）dependent criterion（因变判据）discard（尾渣）disseminate（分散，浸染）DMS（重介质分选）dominant（主导）Drewboy bath（德鲁博洗煤机）drum separator（双室圆筒选矿机）Drum separator（圆筒选矿机）Dyna Whirlpool（）effective density of separation（有效分选比重）envisage（设想）feasibility（可行性）ferrosilicon（硅铁）flexible sink hose（沉砂软管）fluctuation（波动）fluorite（萤石）furnace（炉）grease-tabling（涂脂摇床）hemisphere（半球）incombustible（不可燃烧的）incremental（递增的）initially（最早地）installation（设备）LARCODEMS（large coal dense medium separator）lead-zinc ore（铅锌矿）longitudinal（纵向）magneto-hydrostatic（磁流体静力）mathematical model（数学模型）metalliferous ore（金属矿）nitrite（亚硝酸盐）Norwalt washer（诺沃特洗煤机）olfram（钨）operating yield（生产回收率）optimum（最佳）organic efficiency（有机效率）paddle（搅拌叶轮）Partition coefficient or partition number（分配率）Partition or Tromp curve（分配或特劳伯曲线）porous(多孔的)probable error of separation；Ecart probable （EP）（分选可能误差）raw coal（原煤）recoverable（可回收的）residue（残渣）revolving lifter（旋转提升器）two-compartmentrigidity（稳定性）sand-stone（砂岩）shale(页岩)siliceous（硅质的）sink-discharge（排卸沉砂）sodium（钠）sulphur reduction（降硫）tabulate（制表）tangential（切线）tedious (乏味)Teska Bash（）Tetrabromoethane（TBE，四溴乙烷）theoretical yield（理论回收率）toxic fume（有毒烟雾）tracer（示踪剂）typical washability curves（典型可选性曲线）Vorsyl separator（沃尔西尔选矿机）weir（堰板）well-ventilated（通风良好的）Wemco cone separator（维姆科圆锥选矿机）yield stress（屈服应力）yield（回收率）Chapter 12 Froth flotationActivator（活化剂）adherence （附着，坚持）adhesion（附着）adhesion（粘附）adjoining（毗邻，邻接的）adsorption(吸附)aeration（充气）aeration（充气量）aerophilic（亲气疏水的）aerophilic（亲气性）Aggregation（聚集体）agitation（搅动）agitator（搅拌机）allegedly（据称）Amine（胺）baffle（析流板）Bank（浮选机组）barite（重晶石）Barren（贫瘠的）batch(开路)Borne（承担）Bubble（泡沫）bubble（气泡）bubble-particle（泡沫颗粒）bulk flotation （混合浮选）capillary tube（毛细管）cassiterite （锡石）cerussite(白铅矿) chalcopyrite（黄铜矿）circulating load（循环负荷）cleaner（精选）clearance（间隙）Collector(捕收剂)collide（碰撞，抵触）compensate（补偿，抵偿）component（组成）concave（凹）concentrate trade（精矿品位）Conditioning period（调整期）conditioning tank（调和槽）cone crusher（圆锥破碎机）configuration(表面配置，格局) Conjunction(关联，合流)contact angle measurement（接触角测量）contact angle（接触角）copper sulphate（硫酸铜）copper-molybdenum（铜钼矿）core(核心)correspondingly（相关的）cylindrical（圆柱）Davcra cell(page305)decantation（倾析）depressant（抑制剂）deteriorating（恶化）Dilute（稀释）Direct flotation（正浮选）disengage（脱离，解开）dissemination（传播）dissolution（解散）distilled water（蒸馏水）diverter（转向器）drill core(岩心)drill(钻头,打眼)duplication（复制）dynamic（动态，能动）economic recovery（经济回收率）Elapse（过去，推移）electrolyte（电解质）electrowinning（电积）Eliminating（消除）enhance（提高、增加）Entail（意味着）entrainment（夹带）erosion（腐蚀）Fatty acid（脂肪酸）fatty acids（脂肪酸）faulting（断层）FCTRfiltration（过滤）fine particle（较细颗粒）floatability（可浮性）flotation rate constant（浮选速率常数）flowsheet（工艺流程）fluctuation（波动）fluorite（萤石）frother（起泡剂）Frother（起泡剂）Gangue（脉石）grease（润滑脂）grindability（可磨性）gross（毛的，）Hallimond tube technique（哈利蒙管）hollow（凹，空心的）hydrophilic（亲水性）Hydrophobic（疏水）Impeller（叶轮）in situ（原位）Incorporate（合并）indicator（指标，迹象）inert（惰性的）intergrowth（连生）intermediate-size fraction（中等粒度的含量）ionising collector（离子型捕收剂）amphoteric（两性）irrespective（不论）jaw crusher(颚式破碎机)jet（喷射，喷出物）laborious（费力的）layout（布局，安排）layout（布局，设计）liable（负责）magnitude（幅度）maintenance（维修）malachite（孔雀石）manganese（锰）mathematically (数学地) mechanism（进程）metallurgical performance（选矿指标）metallurgical（冶金的）MIBC（methyl isobutyl carbinol）（甲基异丁甲醇）Microflotation（微粒浮选）Mineralized（矿化的）mineralogical composition(矿物组成) mineralogy（矿物学）mineralogy（岩相学）MLA(mineral liberation analyser)modify（改变）molybdenite（辉钼矿）multiple（复合的）multiple-step（多步）Natural floatability（天然可浮性）hydrophobic（疏水性的）neutral（中性的）non-metallic（非金属）non-technical（非技术）nozzle（喷嘴）optimum（最佳）organic solvent（有机溶剂）oxidation（氧化）oxyhydryl collector（羟基捕收剂）xanthate（黄药）Oxyhydryl collector（羟基捕收剂）palladium（钯）parallel（平行）penalty（惩罚，危害）penetrate（穿透）peripheral(周边)peripheral（周边的）permeable base（透气板）personnel（人员）pH modifier（pH调整剂）pinch（钉）platinum（铂）pneumatic（充气式）polishing（抛光）portion（比例）postulate（假设）predetermined value（预定值）prior（优先）Pulp potential(矿浆电位)pyramidal tank（锥体罐）pyrite(黄铁矿)QEMSCAN(p288)reagent(药剂)rectangular（长方形）regulator（调整剂）reluctant（惰性的）residual（残留物）reverse flotation（反浮选）rod mill（棒磨机）rougher concentrate（粗选精矿）rougher-scavenger split（粗扫选分界）scale-up（扩大）scavenger（少选精矿）scheme（计划，构想）SE（separation efficienty）sealed drum（密封桶）severity（严重性）Sinter（烧结）sleeve（滚轴）slipstream（汇集）smelter（熔炼）sparger（分布器）sphalerite（闪锌矿）sphalerite（闪锌矿）Standardize（标定，规范）stationary（静止的）stator（定子，静片）storage agitator(储存搅拌器) Straightforward（直接的）Subprocess（子过程）subsequent（随后）Sulphide（硫化物）summation（合计）sustain（保留）swirling（纷飞）tangible（有形，明确的）tensile force（张力）texture（纹理）theoretical（原理的）thickener （浓密机）titanium（钛）TOF-SIMStonnage（吨位）Tube（管，筒）turbine（涡轮）ultra-fine（极细的）undesirable(不可取) uniformity（统一性）unliberated（未解离的）utilize（使用）Vigorous（有力，旺盛）weir-type（堰式）whereby（据此）withdrawal（撤回）Work of adhesion（粘着功）XPSAgglomeration-skin flotation（凝聚-表层浮选p316 左中）Associated mineral （共生矿物）by-product （副产品）Chalcopyrite (黄铜矿)Coking coal (焦煤p344 左下)Control of collector addition rate(p322 last pa right 捕收剂添加率的控制) Control of pulp level(矿浆液位控制p321 last pa on the right )Control of slurry pH(矿浆pH控制p322 2ed pa on the left)DCS--distributed control system(分布式控制系统p320 右中)Denver conditioning tank(丹佛型调和槽figure 12.56)Electroflotation (电浮选p315 右中)feed-forward control(前馈控制p323 figure 12.60)Galena（方铅矿）Molybdenum （钼）Nickel ore (镍矿的浮选p343 左)PGMs--platinum group metals(铂族金属)PLC--programmable logic controller（可编程序逻辑控制器p320 右中）porphyry copper（斑岩铜矿）Table flotation (摇床浮选俗称“台选”p316 左中)Thermal coal (热能煤p344 左下)Ultra-fine particle（超细矿粒p315 右中）Wet grinding(湿式磨矿)Chapter 13 Magnetic and electrical separationCassiterite(锡石矿) wolframite(黑钨矿) Diamagnetics(逆磁性矿物) paramagnetics(顺磁性矿物) Ferromagnetism(铁磁性) magnetic induction(磁导率)Field intensity(磁场强度) magnetic susceptibility(磁化系数) Ceramic(瓷器) taconite(角岩)Pelletise(造球) bsolete(废弃的)Feebly(很弱的) solenoid(螺线管)Cobbing(粗粒分选) depreciation(折旧)Asbestos(石棉) marcasite(白铁矿)Leucoxene(白钛石) conductivity(导电性)Preclude(排除) mainstay(主要组成)Rutile(金红石) diesel(柴油)Cryostat(低温箱)Chapter 14 ore sortingappraisal(鉴别);audit(检查);barren waste(废石); beryllium isotope(铍同位素); boron mineral(硼矿物); category(范围);coil(线圈);downstream(后处理的); electronic circuitry(电路学); feldspar(长石); fluorescence(荧光);grease(油脂);hand sorting(手选);infrared(红外的);irradiate(照射);laser beam(激光束); limestone(石灰石); luminesce(发荧光); luminescence(荧光); magnesite(菱镁矿); magnetic susceptivity(磁敏性); matrix(基质); microwave(微波);monolayer(单层);neutron absorption separation(中子吸收法); neutron flux (中子通量);oleophilicity(亲油的);phase shift(相变);phosphate(磷酸盐);photometricsorting(光选);photomultiplier(光电倍增管);preliminary sizing(预先分级);proximity(相近性);radiometric (放射性的);scheelite(白钨矿);scintillation(闪烁);seam(缝隙);sequential heating(连续加热);shielding(防护罩);slinger(投掷装置);subtle discrimination(精细的鉴别);talc(滑石);tandem(串联的);thermal conductivity(热导率);ultraviolet(紫外线); water spray(喷水); Chapter15DewateringAcrylic(丙烯酸) monomer(单分子层) Allotted(分批的)jute(黄麻) Counterion(平衡离子) amide(氨基化合物) Diaphragm(隔膜) blanket(覆盖层) Electrolyte(电解液) gelatine(动物胶) Flocculation(聚团) decant(倒出)Gauge(厚度，测量仪表) rayon(人造纤维丝) hyperbaric(高比重的) Membrane(薄膜) coagulation(凝结) miscelaneous(不同种类的) barometric(气压的) Potash(K2CO3)tubular(管状的) Sedimentation(沉淀) filtration(过滤)Thermal drying(热干燥) polyacrylamide(聚丙烯酰胺)Chapter16 tailings disposalBack-fill method—矿砂回填法tailings dams—尾矿坝impoundment—坝墙Cyclone—旋流器Dyke—坝体slimes—矿泥Floating pump—浮动泵站compacted sand—压实矿砂Lower-grade deposits -- 低品位矿床heavy metal—重金属mill reagent—选矿药剂Neutralization agitator—中和搅拌槽thickener---浓密池overflow –溢流River valley—河谷upstream method of tailings-dam construction –上流筑坝法Sulphur compound—硫化物additional values—有价组分the resultant slimes—脱出的矿泥surface run-off-- 地表水lime—石灰the downstream method—下游筑坝法the centre-line method –中线筑坝法drainage layer—排渗层Underflow—沉砂water reclamation—回水利用reservoir—贮水池Part II ElaborationsChapter2 Ore handing1.The harmful materials and its harmful effects(中的有害物质，及其影响) -----P30 右2.The advantage of storage (贮矿的好处)-----p35 左下Chapter 4 particle size analysis3.equivalent diameter (page90);4.:stokes diameter (page98) ; median size (page95,left and bottom); 80% passing size (page95,right) ; cumulative percentage(page94-95under the title’presentation of results’); Sub-sieve;(page 97,right)5.why particle size analysis is so important in the plant operation? (page90, paragraph one); some methods of particle analysis, their theory and the applicable of thesize ranges.(table4.1+theory in page91-106)7.how to present one sizing test?(page94)8.how to operate a decantation test?(page98 sedimentation test)9.advantage and disadvantage of decantation in comparison with elutriation? (Page99 the second paragraph on the left +elutriation technique dis/advantage in page 102 the second paragraph on the left)Chapter 6Crushers10.The throw of the crusher: Since the jaw is pivoted from above, it moves a minimum distance at the entry point and a maximum distance at the delivery. This maximum distance is called the throw of the crusher.11.Arrested(free) crushing: crushing is by the jaws only12.Choked crushing: particles break each other13.The angle of nip:14.1)the angle between the crushing members2)the angle formed by the tangents to the roll surfaces at their points of contact withthe particle(roll crushers)15.Ore is always stored after the crushers to ensure a continuous supply to the grinding section. Why not have similar storage capacity before the crushers and run this section continuously?(P119,right column, line 13)16.The difference between the jaw crusher and the gyratory crusher?(P123,right column, paragraph 3)17.Which decide whether a jaw or a gyratory crusher should be used in a particular plant?(p125,left column, paragraph 2)18.Why the secondary crushers are much lighter than the heavy-duty, rugged primary machines?(P126,right column, paragraph 4)19.What’s the difference between the 2 forms of the Symons cone crusher, the Standard and the short-head?(P128,left column, paragraph3 )20.What’s the use of the parallel section in the cone crusher?(P128,left column, paragraph4)21.What’s the use of the distributing plate in the cone crusher?(P128,right column, paragraph1)22.Liner wear monitoring(P129,right column, paragraph2)23.Water Flush technology(P130, left column, paragraph1)24.What’s the difference between the gyradisc crusher and the conventional cone crusher?(P130,right column, paragraph 4)25.What’s the use of the storage bin?(P140,left column, paragraph 2)26.Jaw crushers(p120)27.the differences between the Double-toggle Blake crushers and Single-toggle Blakecrushers(p121, right column, paragraph 3)28.the use of corrugated jaw plates(p122, right column, line 8)29.the differences between the tertiary crushers and the secondary crushers?(p126,right column, paragraph 5)30.How to identify a gyratory crusher, a cone crushers?(p127, right column, paragraph 3)31.the disadvantages of presence of water during crushing(p130,right column, paragraph 2)32.the relationship between the angle of nip and the roll speed?(p133, right column)33.Smooth-surfaced rolls——used for fine crushing; corrugated surface——used for coarse crushing;(p134, left column, last paragraph)Chapter 7 grinding mills34.Autogenous grinding：An AG mill is a tumbling mill that utilizes the ore itself as grinding media. The ore must contain sufficient competent pieces to act as grinding media.P16235.High aspect ratio mills: where the diameter is 1.5-3 times of the length. P16236.Low aspect ratio mills：where the length is 1.5-3 times of the diameter. P16237.Pilot scale testing of ore samples: it’s therefore a necessity in assessing the feasibility of autogenous milling, predicting the energy requirement, flowsheet, and product size.P16538.Semi-autogenous grinding: An SAG mill is an autogenous mill that utilizes steel balls in addition to the natural grinding media. P16239.Slurry pool：this flow-back process often leads to higher slurry hold-up inside an AG or SAG mill, and may sometimes contribute to the occurrence of “slurry pool”, which has adverse effects on the grinding performance.P16340.Square mills：where the diameter is approximately equal to the length.P16241.The aspect ratio: the aspect ratio is defined as the ratio of diameter to length. Aspect ratios generally fall into three main groups: high aspect ratio mills、square mills and low aspect ratio mills.P16242.grinding circuit: Circuit are divided into two broad classifications: open and closed.( 磨矿回路p170)43.closed circuit: Material of the required size is removed by a classifier, which returns oversize to the mill.(闭路p170左最后一行)44.Circulation load: The material returned to the mill by the classifier is known as circulation load , and its weight is expressed as a percentage of the weight of new feed.(循环负荷p170右)45.Three-product cyclone: It is a conventional hydrocyclone with a modified top cover plate and a second vortex finder inserted so as to generate three product streams. (p171右)46.Parallel mill circuit: It increase circuit flexibility, since individual units can be shut down or the feed rate can be changed, with little effect on the flowsheet.(p172右) 47.multi-stage grinding: mills are arranged in series can be used to produce。
冶金专业词汇翻译对照
iron and steel industry 钢铁工业ironworks 铁厂foundry 铸造车间steelworks, steel mill 钢厂coking plant 炼焦厂electrometallurgy 电冶金学powder metallurgy 粉末冶金学blast furnace 鼓风炉mouth, throat 炉口hopper, chute 料斗stack 炉身belly 炉腰bosh 炉腹crucible 炉缸slag tap 放渣口taphole 出铁口，出渣口pig bed 铸床mould 铸模（美作：mold）tuyere, nozzle 风口ingot mould 锭模（美作：ingot mold）floor 平台hearth 炉底charger 装料机ladle 铁水包，钢水包dust catcher 除尘器washer 洗涤塔converter 转炉hoist 卷扬机compressor 压缩机tilting mixer 可倾式混铁炉regenerator 蓄热室heat exchanger 热交换器gas purifier 煤气净化器turbocompressor 涡轮压缩机burner 烧嘴cupola 化铁炉，冲天炉emptier 排空装置trough 铁水沟，排渣沟skip 料车rolling mill 轧机，轧钢机blooming mill 初轧机roller 辊bed 底座rolling-mill housing 轧机机架drawbench 拔管机，拉丝机drawplate 拉模板shaft furnace 竖炉refining furnace 精炼炉reverberatory furnace 反射炉hearth furnace 床式反射炉firebrick lining 耐火砖衬retort 反应罐muffle 马弗炉roof, arch 炉顶forge 锻造press 压锻pile hammer 打桩锤drop hammer 落锤die 拉模blowlamp 吹炬（美作：blowtorch）crusher 破碎机iron ore 铁矿石coke 焦炭bauxite 铁钒土alumina 铝cryolite 冰晶石flux 熔剂limestone flux 石灰石溶剂haematite 赤铁矿（美作：hematite）gangue 脉石cast iron 铸铁cast iron ingot 铸铁锭slag 炉渣soft iron 软铁pig iron 生铁wrought iron 熟铁iron ingot 铁锭puddled iron 搅炼熟铁round iron 圆铁scrap iron 废铁steel 钢crude steel 粗钢mild steel, soft steel 软钢，低碳钢hard steel 硬钢cast steel 坩埚钢，铸钢stainless steel 不锈钢electric steel 电工钢，电炉钢high-speed steel 高速钢moulded steel 铸钢refractory steel 热强钢，耐热钢alloy steel 合金钢plate, sheet 薄板corrugated iron 瓦垅薄钢板tinplate, tin 马口铁finished product 成品，产品semifinished product 半成品，中间产品ferrous products 铁制品coiled sheet 带状薄板bloom 初轧方坯metal strip, metal band 铁带，钢带billet 坯锭，钢坯shavings 剃边profiled bar 异型钢材shape, section 型钢angle iron 角钢frit 烧结wire 线材ferronickel 镍铁elinvar 镍铬恒弹性钢ferrite 铁氧体，铁醇盐cementite 渗碳体，碳化铁pearlite 珠光体charging, loading 装料，炉料fusion, melting, smelting 熔炼remelting 再熔化，重熔refining 精炼casting 出铁to cast 出铁tapping 出渣，出钢，出铁to insufflate, to inject 注入heating 加热preheating 预热tempering 回火temper 回火hardening 淬水annealing 退火reduction 还原cooling 冷却decarbonization, decarburization 脱碳coking 炼焦slagging, scorification 造渣carburization 渗碳case hardening 表面硬化cementation 渗碳fritting, sintering 烧结puddling 搅炼pulverization 粉化，雾化nitriding 渗氮alloy 合金floatation, flotation 浮选patternmaking 制模moulding 成型（美作：molding）calcination 煅烧amalgamation 汞齐化rolling 轧制drawing 拉拔extrusion 挤压wiredrawing 拉丝stamping, pressing 冲压die casting 拉模铸造forging 锻造turning 车削milling 铣削machining, tooling 加工autogenous welding, fusion welding 氧炔焊arc welding 电弧焊electrolysis 电解trimming 清理焊缝blowhole 气孔weld 焊接采矿mining地下采矿underground mining露天采矿open cut mining, open pit mining, surface mining 采矿工程mining engineering选矿（学）mineral dressing, ore beneficiation, mineral processing矿物工程mineral engineering冶金（学）metallurgy过程冶金（学）process metallurgy提取冶金（学）extractive metallurgy化学冶金（学）chemical metallurgy物理冶金（学）physical metallurgy金属学Metallkunde冶金过程物理化学physical chemistry of process metallurgy 冶金反应工程学metallurgical reaction engineering冶金工程metallurgical engineering钢铁冶金（学）ferrous metallurgy, metallurgy of iron and steel 有色冶金(学)nonferrous metallurgy真空冶金(学)vacuum metallurgy等离子冶金(学)plasma metallurgy微生物冶金(学)microbial metallurgy喷射冶金(学)injection metallurgy钢包冶金(学)ladle metallurgy二次冶金(学)secondary metallurgy机械冶金(学)mechanical metallurgy焊接冶金(学)welding metallurgy粉末冶金(学)powder metallurgy铸造学foundry火法冶金(学)pyrometallurgy湿法冶金(学)hydrometallurgy电冶金(学)electrometallurgy氯冶金(学)chlorine metallurgy矿物资源综合利用engineering of comprehensive utilization of mineralresources中国金属学会The Chinese Society for Metals中国有色金属学会The Nonferrous Metals Society of China2 采矿采矿工艺mining technology有用矿物valuable mineral冶金矿产原料metallurgical mineral raw materials矿床mineral deposit特殊采矿specialized mining海洋采矿oceanic mining, marine mining矿田mine field矿山mine露天矿山surface mine地下矿山underground mine矿井shaft矿床勘探mineral deposit exploration矿山可行性研究mine feasibility study矿山规模mine capacity矿山生产能力mine production capacity矿山年产量annual mine output矿山服务年限mine life矿山基本建设mine construction矿山建设期限mine construction period矿山达产arrival at mine full capacity开采强度mining intensity矿石回收率ore recovery ratio矿石损失率ore loss ratio工业矿石industrial ore采出矿石extracted ore矿体orebody矿脉vein海洋矿产资源oceanic mineral resources矿石ore矿石品位ore grade岩石力学rock mechanics岩体力学rock mass mechanics3 选矿选矿厂concentrator, mineral processing plant 工艺矿物学process mineralogy开路open circuit闭路closed circuit流程flowsheet方框流程block flowsheet产率yield回收率recovery矿物mineral粒度particle size粗颗粒coarse particle细颗粒fine particle超微颗粒ultrafine particle粗粒级coarse fraction细粒级fine fraction网目mesh原矿run of mine, crude精矿concentrate粗精矿rough concentrate混合精矿bulk concentrate最终精矿final concentrate尾矿tailings粉碎comminution破碎crushing磨碎grinding团聚agglomeration筛分screening, sieving分级classification富集concentration分选separation手选hand sorting重选gravity separation, gravity concentration 磁选magnetic separation电选electrostatic separation浮选flotation化学选矿chemical mineral processing 自然铜native copper铝土矿bauxite冰晶石cryolite磁铁矿magnetite赤铁矿hematite假象赤铁矿martite钒钛磁铁矿vanadium titano-magnetite 铁燧石taconite褐铁矿limonite菱铁矿siderite镜铁矿specularite硬锰矿psilomelane软锰矿pyrolusite铬铁矿chromite黄铁矿pyrite钛铁矿ilmennite金红石rutile萤石fluorite高岭石kaolinite菱镁矿magnesite重晶石barite石墨graphite石英quartz方解石calcite石灰石limestone白云石dolomite云母mica石膏gypsum硼砂borax石棉asbestos蛇纹石serpentine阶段破碎stage crushing粗碎primary crushing中碎secondary crushing细碎fine crushing对辊破碎机roll crusher粉磨机pulverizer震动筛vibrating screen筛网screen cloth筛孔screen opening筛上料oversize筛下料undersize粗磨coarse grinding细磨fine grinding球磨机ball mill衬板liner分级机classifier自由沉降free setting沉积sedimentation石灰lime松油pine oil硫化钠sodium sulfide硅酸钠（水玻璃）sodium silicate, water glass过滤filtration过滤机filter给矿，给料feeding给矿机feeder在线分析仪on line analyzer在线粒度分析仪on line size analyzer超声粒度计ultrasonic particle sizer, supersonic particle sizeroscillation摆动, 振动outlet 输出；出口；引出线，电源插座output 产量, 输出, 输出量out yawing外偏航oval nail椭圆钉over speed过速overaging超龄的；老朽的；旧式的over current protection过电流保护overhead-valve engine 顶阀发动机,预置气门发动机overheat加热过度使发展过快，使过热overlap重叠，覆盖overload 超载，过载，过负荷overpressure过压overproduction生产过剩overspeed 超速over voltage过电压oxidation氧化[作用]；氧化层oxyacetylene welding氧乙炔焊风电词汇中英文对照表-IIsaddle. 鞍, 鞍状物safety 安全, 保险, 安全设备, 保险装置sample. 标本, 样品, 例子sand blasting沙暴sander 沙, 沙子, [pl. ] 沙滩, 沙地sandingsandpaper砂纸sandwich夹层，层状[夹心]结构satisfactory符合要求的；合适的saturate. 使饱和, 浸透, 使充满saw 锯sawing machinescaffolding 脚手架scale 刻度，标度；比例尺，标尺；尺度，规模；【动】定标；换算；【WIN,NT】数值，缩放(比例scalene trangle不等边的（三角形）scarringscraper刮器，擦具；鞋刮子；刮刀，刮漆刀scratch 划痕，刻痕；【动】擦除；【修】临时screen 屏(幕,面),荧光屏；筛选；屏蔽；网screw螺丝钉, 螺旋, 螺杆, 螺孔, 螺旋桨, screw callipersscrew clampscrew driverscrew extractor拉马screw jack 螺旋千斤顶screw pitch gaugescrew tap 螺丝攻screw thread. 螺纹screwdriver 螺丝刀,起子scriber划线器, 描绘标记的用具scribing block划线笔sealing密封seam welding接合焊seat座, 座位, 所在地, 场所, 席位secger plierrsecure安全，可靠，保密securedsecurity 安全(性)，保密(性)，安全措施segregation分离，分凝法self-starter自动点火装置；自动启动器self-tapping screw自攻螺丝sensitivity 敏感, 灵敏(度), 灵敏性sensor 传感器，检测器；读出器，感测器；敏感元件sentsequence 顺序，时序；数列；定序，排序，序列series connectionservice 服务，服务程序；业务；维修，维护set screwset squaresetting设置[定]值；设置settle稳定，固定；调整，调度shackle 手铐, 脚镣, 桎梏, 束缚物shaft 轴, 杆状物shank 胫, 腿骨shaping machineshaping toolsharpness锐利shears 剪, 修剪, 剪切sheartubeshicknessshield屏蔽，罩；防护，庇护shim 垫片；填隙片shimming 摇动,震颤,晃动shock 冲击；震动shock absorber 减震器，震动吸收器short circuit. 短路shovel 铲, 铁铲shrink缩小，收缩shutdown 停止系统运行，停工[机]，关机shutter 遮挡板，光闸，光阀；快门shuttle 梭；航天飞机，宇宙飞船，空间渡船；往返空间sidelight侧面射进来的光线, 侧灯,舷灯, 拾零, 杂闻, 间接说明side-valve enginesight glasssimultaneous同时的, 同时发生的sine wave正弦波single phase单相singnalsink 散热器，接收器，转接器；吸收(电流等)；沟(半导体耗尽层的)；汇点，收点；宿，汇集sintering烧结siphon 虹吸管site-mixedskew wind 歪斜，偏斜，扭斜[曲，动]；相位偏移；变形，时滞(同一脉冲通过不同电路的时差)；不齐，不齐量，偏离；【修】歪，斜，扭skin-halveskip 跳跃(进位)；跳行[越，过]；空指令slag. 矿渣, 炉渣, 火山岩渣sledge hammer大锤, 有压服力的东西sleeve 套筒，套管slide 滑动触头；【动】使滑动slide caliperrslide rule计算尺slide valve滑阀sliding滑动，活动；可调整slight 轻微的, 微小的slipping clutchslope 斜坡, 斜面, 倾斜slot 插槽，存储槽，(页)槽；槽口；开缝，存取窗口；裂缝[口]，切口，沟；时间段，时间片slow-running screwsmelting熔炼smooth平稳，平滑snips 剪断socket 插座[槽，孔，口]；管座；套接字(报文包的)；【SunOS】网络界面[接口]；【网】报路[SK]socket spanner套筒扳手soft cut in软切入software软件，软设备soldering 焊料，焊锡；焊接，结合soldering iron 烙铁solenoid螺线管solenoid valve电磁阀solitary单独，唯一solvent溶媒, 溶剂, 解决方法spacer. 取间隔的装置, 逆电流器，衬垫，衬套，衬片spade 铲, 铁锹spanner扳手；活络扳手；扳子sparking plug 火花塞spigot 插口；插头，塞子；(水)龙头spindle 主轴，心轴spinner 微调控制项spiral gear螺旋齿spirit level 水平仪spirit varnishsplash. 溅, 飞溅, 斑点spline方栓, 齿条, 止转楔, 花键splined shaftsplint夹板，托板split bearing分离轴承split pinspokeshave辐刀spot 斑点，点；地点；点焊spot welding点焊sprayer 喷出水沫者, 喷雾, 喷雾器sprig图钉spring 弹簧；【动】弹出spring balance弹簧秤spring washer弹垫spring-bow compasssprocket 链轮齿spur gear正齿轮spur wheel gear正齿轮square 平方；方块；【修】矩形[SQ]，正方形的, 四方的,直角的, 正直的, 公平的, 结清的, 平方的, 彻底的square nut 四方螺母, 螺帽square thread矩形螺纹square-head bolt方头螺栓stabilizer稳定器；平衡器；安定剂stable稳定，稳态stage 级；阶段，程度；【动】登台，升级stain 着色，染色；着色剂；污点stainless 纯洁的, 无瑕疵的, 不锈的stall失速，使失速standard标准(型)，规范，准则；【印】常身；正常体standing 直立的, 停滞的, 固定的, 常备的, 标准的, 常设的standstill静止状态；停顿star drillstart up 发动, 开动starter motor马达启动startup 启动steam engine 蒸汽机steam roller蒸汽压路机, 高压手段steam turbine 蒸汽轮机steel sheet scissorsteel wool钢丝线steering box舵盘steering gear方向齿steering wheel舵轮，方向盘step-down(up) transformer降压器stiffen 变粘, 变硬, 变猛烈stillson wrenchstipulate 规定, 保证stock 库存, 股票, 股份, 托盘, 祖先, 血统, 原料stoker 司炉, 烧炉工人, 加煤机stopcock管闩, 活塞, 活栓, 旋塞阀stoppage 中断, 填塞store 存储，存储器straight edge直刃strange陌生的, 生疏的, 前所未知的, 奇怪的, 奇异的, 不惯的strap 短接，跨接strap wrench绑扎带streak 条纹，拖尾strike 打, 打击, 罢工, 抓, 敲, 搏动, 打动, 穿透strip 条，带，(跨接)片；剥离，脱去，去除striplightstructure结构，构造，构件；structure结构，构造，构件；【C】(数据类型)结构，结构体[STRUC]stub axlestudstuffing box填充体sturdy 强健的, 坚定的, 毫不含糊的substantial 坚固的, 实质的, 真实的, 充实的substation变电所，分站，支局subsynchronous 次[再]同步suck 吸, 吮, 吸取suction. 吸入, 吸力, 抽气, 抽气机, 抽水泵, 吸引summation 求和，总和，加法sump润滑油槽；油盘；机油箱superheated 过热supervise监控，监督support 支援，支持(程序，软件)；配套[SU] surface 表面，曲面；【修】表面，外部surplus 过剩，余量surrounding 围绕物, 环境suspension 吊, 悬浮, 悬浮液, 暂停, 中止, 悬而未决, 延迟，挂起；暂停，中止suspension systemsweating. 出汗的, 吃力的swept planeswitch 开关，转[交，切]换，翻转；接线器switch box开关柜switch off 切断switch over 转变symmetry对称，对称性synchronous同时的, [物]同步的synthetic合成的, 人造的, 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joint双态元件，触发器；(乒乓)开关；轮转，(来回)切换tolerance公差，容差[限，许]，允许误差；容错度tolerate忍受, 容忍tommy bar撬棒,螺丝钻tongs钳子, 夹具tongue and groovetooqh强硬的tool box工具箱tool post工具站toolbox工具箱top dead-centretopmost最顶层，最高，最上面torch手电筒，火把；火炬torque arm力臂torque spanner力矩扳手torque wrench力矩扳手torsion扭(转)；扭力；挠率；转矩torsion bar力矩杆torus 环形圆纹曲面，(圆)环面touch 触力；【动】按，揿，触toward. 向, 对于, 为了Towertower crane塔式吊车track rod磁棒tractor. 拖拉机， (履带式)输[进]纸器trailing (轨)迹；跟踪；【WIN】指针train 串，列，系列；链；列车trammel 拘束, 阻碍物, 束缚物transformer变压器transistor 晶体管transmission 传输，发送，传送TransmissionTransmitter发射器，变送器transport 运输；运输工具transverse横切的，横轴transverse engine水平机trapezium梯形travelling crane移动式吊车tread踩，踏treadle踏板trestle架，架柱triac 三端双向可控硅开关元件triangle三角(形)trigger触发trimming清理焊缝triple三层的，三倍的triple phase三相tripod三角架trowel泥刀, 小铲子try square曲尺, 检验角尺t-square丁字尺tubular管状的，管形的turbojet涡轮喷气飞机turbongeneratorturning 旋转, 转向, 转弯处turnstile 十字转门turntable转车, 转盘turret lathe 六角车床twist . 盘旋；缠绕twisting缠绕two-handed sawtwo-stroke engine二冲程发动机Uu-bolt U形螺栓ultrasonic超声波unbalance不平衡unconditional. 无条件地uncritical不加批判的, 无批判力的, 不严厉的under load switch底载荷开关under voltage低电压underfeed stokerundershot wheelundulate起伏uniform一样的union联合；联合会，团结unit单元，部件，单位(符号)；装置，设备，器件universal coupling万向联轴节,万向连接器universal joint万向接头,万向节universal pliers万能手钳unloading卸,去载unscrew从...旋出螺丝, 旋开, 旋松unsymmetry不匀称untwisting拆开(搓合的绳,线等), 解开update更新；修改；校正；重新编辑upstairs楼上的upward向上的upwind迎风,顶风,上升气流Vvacuum真空, 空间vacuum brake真空制动闸vacuum gauge真空计vacuum pump真空泵，真空抽气机vacuum tube真空管，电子管value价值,值valve . 阀, [英] 电子管, 真空管vapour蒸汽, 水蒸气variable resistor可变电阻varistor可变电阻varnish清漆,上漆vat大桶,大槽veebelt V形皮带vehicle交通(运输)工具，飞船，车辆，机动车；步行机器人vencervenn diagram维恩图ventilation通风装置,通风venturi tube文氏管,文丘里管vernier calliper gauge游标尺vernier scale游标尺vertex顶点,角顶,台风转向点via . 道,通路，经过,经由viaduct高架桥vibration颤动，振动；摆动vibration switch0振动开关vice老虎钳,台钳vicinity附近,邻近viewfinder寻像器,取景器viscosity粘度, 粘性visible 可见的,显著的visual可视的，直观，图象，可见[视]，视觉[象]，形象化voltage电压，电位差voltmeter电压表，伏特计volume卷，册，体积，容量；音量v-thread V形螺纹Wwall-shuttering百叶窗wankel engine凡克尔发动机warp弯曲，翘曲，扭曲wash洗涤,冲刷,冲冼washer垫片，垫圈waspalloy瓦斯帕洛伊变形镍基耐热合金waste oil container废油容器watch表,值班water wheel水轮water-antioxidant抗氧化剂water-cooled engine水冷内燃机water-resistant水电阻wave band switch波段开关waveguide波导；波导管wavelength波长wax蜡；蜡状物weaving织；编，编法,摆动weft纬线weighbridge称量台,台秤,桥秤weighing machine称量器weights重量,砝码welding焊接,焊缝wet湿的,湿气,水分whctstonewheel湿的,湿气,水分wheel brace齿轮架wheelbarrow手推车wheelbase轴距whistling号笛,鸣笛，汽笛winch绞车,绞盘wind nut风机用螺母wind vane风向标winding线圈,绕组windscreen挡风玻璃,风挡windscreen wiper风档刮水器,风档雨雪刷windward风档刮水器,风档雨雪刷wing nut蝶型螺母wipe擦，消除wipe off擦掉,抹掉wire导线,电线,金属线wire brush电刷wire dowelwire gaugewire nail线卡wire wool线圈wiredrawing拉丝,拨丝,使延长wire-stripping pliers剥线钳wiring布线,接线wood screw木螺丝wooden block木块wording用语work scissor工作剪workbench工作台workshop车间,工厂worm gear蜗杆螺杆,蜗杆齿wrench扳手,扳子wristwatch手表Xx-axis X轴,横坐标轴xerox静电复印机Yyaw偏航,航偏角Yawy-axis纵坐标，Ｙ轴yield成品；成品率，合格率；输出，产生，得到；屈服Zzink spray镀锌zoom lens 变焦镜头电力系统 power system发电机 generator 励磁 excitation励磁器 excitor 电压 voltage 电流 current升压变压器 step-up transformer 母线 bus 变压器 transformer 空载损耗：no-load loss 铁损：iron loss 铜损：copper loss空载电流：no-load current 有功损耗：reactive loss 无功损耗：active loss输电系统 power transmission system高压侧 high side 输电线 transmission line高压: high voltage 低压：low voltage 中压：middle voltage 功角稳定 angle stability 稳定 stability 电压稳定 voltage stability暂态稳定 transient stability 电厂 power plant 能量输送power transfer交流 AC 直流 DC 电网 power system落点 drop point 开关站 switch station 调节 regulation高抗high voltage shunt reactor 并列的：apposable 裕度margin故障 fault 三相故障 three phase fault 分接头：tap切机generator triping 高顶值high limited value 静态static (state)动态 dynamic (state) 机端电压控制 AVR 电抗 reactance电阻 resistance 功角 power angle 有功（功率） active power 电容器：Capacitor 电抗器：Reactor 断路器：Breaker电动机：motor 功率因数：power-factor 定子：stator阻抗电压：阻抗：impedance 功角：power-angle 电压等级：voltage grade有功负载: active load PLoad 无功负载：reactive load 档位：tap position电阻：resistor 电抗：reactance 电导：conductance电纳：susceptance 上限:upper limit 下限：lower limit正序阻抗：positive sequence impedance 负序阻抗：negative sequence impedance 零序阻抗：zero sequence impedance无功（功率） reactive power 功率因数 power factor 无功电流reactive current斜率 slope 额定 rating 变比 ratio参考值 reference value 电压互感器 PT 分接头 tap仿真分析 simulation analysis 下降率 droop rate 传递函数transfer function框图 block diagram 受端 receive-side 同步 synchronization 保护断路器 circuit breaker 摇摆 swing 阻尼 damping无刷直流电机：Brusless DC motor 刀闸(隔离开关)：Isolator 机端 generator terminal变电站 transformer substation永磁同步电机：Permanent-magnet Synchronism Motor异步电机：Asynchronous Motor三绕组变压器：three-column transformer ThrClnTrans双绕组变压器：douBLE-COLUMN TRANSFORMER DBLCLMNTRANS固定串联电容补偿FIXED SERIES CAPACITOR COMPENSATION双回同杆并架 DOUBLE-CIRCUIT LINES ON THE SAME TOWER单机无穷大系统 ONE MACHINE - INFINITY BUS SYSTEM励磁电流：MAGNETIZING CURRENT 补偿度 DEGREE OF COMPENSATION ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS 电磁场失去同步LOSS OF SYNCHRONIZATION装机容量INSTALLED CAPACITY 无功补偿REACTIVE POWER COMPENSATION故障切除时间 FAULT CLEARING TIME 极限切除时间 CRITICAL CLEARING TIME强行励磁 REINFORCED EXCITATION 并联电容器：SHUNT CAPACITOR < 下降特性 DROOP CHARACTERISTICS 线路补偿器 LDC(LINE DROP COMPENSATION)电机学 ELECTRICAL MACHINERY 自动控制理论 AUTOMATIC CONTROL THEORY电磁场 ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD微机原理 PRINCIPLE OF MICROCOMPUTER电工学 ELECTROTECHNICS PRINCIPLE OF CIRCUITS 电路原理ELECTRICAL MACHINERY 电机学电力系统稳态分析 STEADY-STATE ANALYSIS OF POWER SYSTEM电力系统暂态分析 TRANSIENT-STATE ANALYSIS OF POWER SYSTEM 电力系统继电保护原理 PRINCIPLE OF ELECTRICAL SYSTEM'S RELAY PROTECTION电力系统元件保护原理 PROTECTION PRINCIPLE OF POWER SYSTEM 'S ELEMENT电力系统内部过电压 PAST VOLTAGE WITHIN POWER SYSTEM模拟电子技术基础 BASIS OF ANALOGUE ELECTRONIC TECHNIQUE数字电子技术 DIGITAL ELECTRICAL TECHNIQUE电路原理实验LAB. OF PRINCIPLE OF CIRCUITS电气工程讲座 LECTURES ON ELECTRICAL POWER PRODUCTION电力电子基础BASIC FUNDAMENTALS OF POWER ELECTRONICS高电压工程HIGH VOLTAGE ENGINEERING电子专题实践TOPICS ON EXPERIMENTAL PROJECT OF ELECTRONICS 电气工程概论INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING电子电机集成系统ELECTRONIC MACHINE SYSTEM电力传动与控制ELECTRICAL DRIVE AND CONTROL电力系统继电保护 POWER SYSTEM RELAYING PROTECTION NEUTRAL POINT EARTHING 中性点接地RESISTANCE EARTHING 电阻接地ARC EXTINCTION COILS 消弧线圈ELECTRIC NETWORK 电网REACTIVE COMPENSATION 无功补偿QUALITY OF POWER 电能质量WUHAN IRON & STEEL CROUP CO. 武汉钢铁集团POWER SUPPLY PLANT 供电厂POWER DIVISION 能源动力公司SUBSTATION 变电站EARTHING NETWORK 地网AIR COMPRESSOR 空压机MAIN DRIVING SYSTEM 主传动CONVERTER 转炉制氧 OXYGEN MAKING轧钢 STEEL ROLLING生产线 PRODUCTION LINE冷轧厂 COLD ROLLING PLANT上海冶金设计研究院SHANGHAI INSTITUTE OF METALLURGY DESIGNING RESEARCH高效节能 ENERGY SAVING OF HIGH EFFICIENCY循环冷却 CIRCULATION COOLING高炉鼓风机 BLAST FURNACE BLOWER汽轮机 TURBINE风机 BLOWER检修 MAINTENANCE基柱 FOUNDATION PILLAR立柱 VERTICAL POST煤气混合加压站 GAS MIXING AND PRESSURING STATION文档简写说明:DFT: DRY FILM THICKNESS干薄片厚度TOWDOC: TOWERDOC.VESTAS.CM网站名称NDT: NON-DESTRUCTIVE TEST非破坏性测试UT : ULTRASONIC INSPECTION超声波测试MT: MAGNETIC PARTICAL EXAMATION磁场微粒测试VMP: VESTAS MULTI-PROCESSOR CONTROLLER VESTAS多功能处理控制系统.VCS： VESTAS CONVERTER SYSTEM VESTAS变频系统F.S.造模法;流砂造模法 F.S. process(fluid sand mixture molding process)面板 face plate护面罩 face shield面心立方格子 face-centered cubic lattice粗晶面(铸疵) facet fracture上涂料 facing涂料 facing materials面砂 facing sand消退 fading消退时限 fading time华氏标度 Fahrenheit scale落砂(铸疵) fall1.合模记号2.假中间模箱 false cheek假上模箱 false cope假模箱 false part风扇 fan高黏土砂 fat sand疲劳 fatigue疲劳裂痕 fatigue crack疲劳破损 fatigue failure疲劳限界 fatigue limit疲劳强度 fatigue strength疲劳试验 fatigue test不良铸造 faulty casting飞边(铸件) feather1.补给2.进料3.补浇 feed冒口,补给头 feed head补给环 feed ring补给用冒口 feed riser补给口(冒口) feeder补给口套 feeder bush补给口效果 feeder effect冒口;补给头 feeder head缩颈冒口 feeder head with Washburn core 冒口捣棒;补给口捣棒 feeder rod补浇(冒口) feeding补给口发热剂(冒口) feeding compound补给距离 feeding distance冒口颈;补给颈 feeding neck冒口捣棒;补给口捣棒 feeding ro补给口带 feeding zone长石 feldspar1.肥粒铁2.肥粒体 ferrite肥粒铸铁 ferritic cast iron铸合金 ferro-alloy硼铁 ferro-boron铬铁 ferro-chromium锰铁 ferro-manganese钼铁 ferro-molybdenum磷铁 ferro-phosphorus矽铁 ferro-silicon铁水静压力 ferro-static pressure钛铁 ferro-titanium钨铁 ferro-tungsten二氧化铁(FeO2) ferrous oxide钒铁 ferro-vanadium清理(清砂,去毛边等) fettle打磨(磨毛边,打浇冒口等) fettle shagging 清理工 fettler清理 fettling清理门 fettling door清理场 fettling shop清理工具 fettling tool纤维状滑石 fibrous talc自然腐蚀试验 field test液面花纹 figure1.填隙料2.埋筋 filler1.填砂2.背砂 filler sand内圆角 fillet带铁 fillet iron灌模能力(浇铸) filling capacity埋入砂心 filling core填砂框 filling frame填砂 filling in填入口;浇口 filling port埋入法(砂心) filling up埋入砂心 filling up core过滤器 filter滤袋 filter bag滤层 filter bed滤布 filter cloth带色防护镜 filter glass滤纸 filter paper滤液 filtrate过滤 filtration过滤式集尘器 filtration dust collector 1.凸片 2.飞边 fin精密研光 fine lapping细密波来铁 fine pearlite细土粉;细泥 fine silt粒度 fineness粒度指数 fineness number砂粒度 fineness of sand指形进模口 finger gate最后加工 finish加工裕度 finish allowance成品铸件区 finished castings department 完工面 finished surface1.铸件清理2.最后加工 finishing加工裕度 finishing allowance细锉刀 finishing file细泥砂浆 finishing loam铸件修整 finishing of castings精轧辊 finishing of roll凸片气缸 finned cylinder凸片管 finned tube飞边现象(合模或模裂形成) finning固定磨轮机(法飞边) fioor grinder枞木 fir火箱 fire box耐火砖 fire brick耐火泥 fire clay粘土质耐火砖 fire clay brick炉栅;炉篦 fire grate炉条 fire grate bar燃点 fire point耐火砂 fire sand火铲 fire shovel耐火石 fire stone炉板(铸件) fireback炉板(铸件) fireback烧裂 fire-crack乾模 fired mold乾模砂 fired mold sand火星罩 fire-spark arrester点火 firing鱼油 fish oil鱼嘴栅 fishmouth gate固定碳 fixed carbon固定环 fixed collar固定模;固定压铸模 fixed die固定模板;固定压铸模板 fixed die plate 定盘式混砂机 fixed pan mill固定板 fixed plate片 flake片状石墨 flake graphite片状石墨铸铁 flake graphite cast iron 火焰退火 flame annealing火焰熔刮 flame gouging火焰硬化 flame hardening凸缘 flange凸缘抹片 flange sleeker表面烘乾砂模 flared mold1.飞边2.闪光 flash手电筒 flash light飞边清除 flash removal砂箱;模箱 flask砂箱隔条 flask bar砂箱夹 flask clamp砂箱手柄 flask handle有箱造模法 flask molding合箱销子 flask pins震箱清砂机 flask shanker无箱造模法 flaskless molding扁刷 flat brush扁凿 flat chisel扁形进模口 flat gate平木纹 flat grain平底舂;平底捣杆 flat rammer平头镘刀 flat trowel瑕疵 flaw瑕疵位置 flaw location瑕疵大小 flaw size击落浇冒口 flogging固定磨轮机(去飞边) floor grinder地模 floor mold地模法;地面造模法 floor molding1.地面砂2.背砂 floor sand1.上浮(石墨)2.浮悬法 flotation流程图 flow chart流通式冷却器 flow cooler溢放口 flow off溢流道 flow through铸砂流动性 flowability of sand流量计 flowmeter烟道气 flue gas流砂(造模用) fluid sand流砂造模法;F.S.造模法fluid sand mixture molding process(F.S. process)流动型自硬性砂模 fluid self-hardening mold sand流动性 fluidity流动性旋涡形试片 fluidity spiral流动性试验 fluidity test流动性直棒形试片 fluidity test bar piece流动性试模 fluidity test mold流体化床 fluidized bed流体化床上涂料 fluidized bed coating流体化床冷却器 fluidized bed cooler流砂(造模用) fluidized sand流砂造模法 fluidized sand molding助流剂 fluidizer萤光 fluorescence萤光探伤法 fluorescent crack detection氟(F) fluorine萤石(CaF2) fluorite萤光镜 fluoroscope萤光透视法(检查);萤光镜试) fluoroscopy萤石(CaF2) fluorspar出铁口熔渣 flush slag1.吹气2.通气处理(金属液)3.冲洗 flushing熔剂;助熔剂 flux熔剂覆盖法 flux-covering1.熔剂处理2.助熔 fluxing飞灰 fly ashF-M造模法;全模法 F-M process(full-mold process) 泡沫洗净器 foam scrubber泡沫塑胶模型 foamed plastic pattern喷雾淬火 fog quenching嵌合模型 follow board〔pattern〕压力通风 forced draft空吹(熔铁炉) fore blow(cupola)前炉 fore-hearth forge(receiver)1.鍜工场2.鍜造炉 forge鍜铁锈皮 forge scale1.鍜造2.鍜件 forging抬动浇桶 fork ladle堆高机 fork lift truck粒形 form of grain模样(砌炉衬用) former成形 forming成形性 forming property铸工 founder铸造 founding铸造方案 founding method1.铸造厂2.铸造 foundry黑色涂料 foundry blacking铸焦 foundry coke铸疵;铸造缺陷 foundry defects浇桶 foundry ladle铸损 foundry losses铸造从业员 foundry man铸造用钉 foundry nails铸造用生铁 foundry pig iron铸坑 foundry pit回炉料 foundry returns铸砂 foundry sand铸砂处理 foundry sand preparation铸砂处理工场 foundry sand preparation plant 铸造废料 foundry scrap断口金相检验 fractography1.破裂2.断口 fracture断口检验 fracture test1.框2.架 frame框架隔条 frame cross piece框架吊柄 frame lift框形砂心盒 framed core box翻转脱模式造模机 frame-rollover machine松扣 free单体碳 free carbon单体雪明碳铁 free cementite单体肥粒铁 free ferrite清水砂 free sand自由水 free water凝固 freezing1.凝固点2.冰点 freezing point凝固范围 freezing range频率变换器;周波变换器 frequency converter磨损;侵蚀 fretting熔砂;烧毁铸砂 fritted sand前端出渣 front slagging燃料 fuel燃料气 fuel gas燃料油 fuel oil燃料比 fuel ratio完全退火 full annealing足尺 full size全模法;F-M造模法 full-mold process(F-M process) 烟气(有害的) fume抽烟气设备 fume extraction equipment*喃系 furan*喃树脂 furan resin*喃树脂黏结剂 furan resin binder*喃(甲)糠醛 furfural糠醛酒精 furfuryl alcohol炉 furnace炉内蒙气 furnace atmosphere炉体 furnace body炉用铸件 furnace castings高炉焦 furnace coke炉内冷却 furnace cooling炉支架 furnace cradle炉气 furnace gas炉衬 furnace lining炉工(美语) furnace tender炉工 furnace-man熔成菱镁石 fused magnesite融砂;熔砂 fused sand1.可熔性2.熔度 fusibility易熔合金 fusible alloy熔锥 fusible cone填料熔接 fusion of packing materials融砂;熔砂 fusion of sand渗透融结(铸疵);渗透熔接 fusion penetration1.熔点2.软化点 fusion point。
土木工程 专业外语词汇大全中英翻译
土木工程专业外语词汇大全中英翻译1. 综合类大地工程geotechnical engineering反分析法back analysis method基础工程foundation engineering临界状态土力学critical state soil mechanics数值岩土力学numerical geomechanics土soil, earth土动力学soil dynamics土力学soil mechanics岩土工程geotechnical engineering应力路径stress path应力路径法stress path method2. 工程地质及勘察变质岩metamorphic rock标准冻深standard frost penetration冰川沉积glacial deposit冰积层（台）glacial deposit残积土eluvial soil, residual soil层理beding长石feldspar沉积岩sedimentary rock承压水confined water次生矿物secondary mineral地质年代geological age地质图geological map地下水groundwater断层fault断裂构造fracture structure工程地质勘察engineering geological exploration海积层（台）marine deposit海相沉积marine deposit花岗岩granite滑坡landslide化石fossil化学沉积岩chemical sedimentary rock阶地terrace节理joint解理cleavage喀斯特karst矿物硬度hardness of minerals砾岩conglomerate流滑flow slide陆相沉积continental sedimentation泥石流mud flow, debris flow年粘土矿物clay minerals凝灰岩tuff牛轭湖ox-bow lake浅成岩hypabyssal rock潜水ground water侵入岩intrusive rock取土器geotome砂岩sandstone砂嘴spit, sand spit山岩压力rock pressure深成岩plutionic rock石灰岩limestone石英quartz松散堆积物rickle围限地下水（台）confined ground water 泻湖lagoon岩爆rock burst岩层产状attitude of rock岩浆岩magmatic rock, igneous rock岩脉dike, dgke岩石风化程度degree of rock weathering 岩石构造structure of rock岩石结构texture of rock岩体rock mass页岩shale原生矿物primary mineral云母mica造岩矿物rock-forming mineral褶皱fold, folding钻孔柱状图bore hole columnar section3. 土的分类饱和土saturated soil超固结土overconsolidated soil冲填土dredger fill充重塑土冻土frozen soil, tjaele非饱和土unsaturated soil分散性土dispersive soil粉土silt, mo粉质粘土silty clay高岭石kaolinite过压密土（台）overconsolidated soil红粘土red clay, adamic earth黄土loess, huangtu(China)蒙脱石montmorillonite泥炭peat, bog muck年粘土clay年粘性土cohesive soil, clayey soil膨胀土expansive soil, swelling soil欠固结粘土underconsolidated soil区域性土zonal soil人工填土fill, artificial soil软粘土soft clay, mildclay, mickle砂土sand湿陷性黄土collapsible loess, slumping loess素填土plain fill塑性图plasticity chart碎石土stone, break stone, broken stone, channery, chat, crushed sto ne, deritus未压密土（台）underconsolidated clay无粘性土cohesionless soil, frictional soil, non-cohesive soil岩石rock伊利土illite有机质土organic soil淤泥muck, gyttja, mire, slush淤泥质土mucky soil原状土undisturbed soil杂填土miscellaneous fill正常固结土normally consolidated soil正常压密土（台）normally consolidated soil自重湿陷性黄土self weight collapse loess4. 土的物理性质阿太堡界限Atterberg limits饱和度degree of saturation饱和密度saturated density饱和重度saturated unit weight比重specific gravity稠度consistency不均匀系数coefficient of uniformity, uniformity coefficient触变thixotropy单粒结构single-grained structure蜂窝结构honeycomb structure干重度dry unit weight干密度dry density塑性指数plasticity index含水量water content, moisture content活性指数级配gradation, grading结合水bound water, combined water, held water界限含水量Atterberg limits颗粒级配particle size distribution of soils, mechanical composi tion of soil可塑性plasticity孔隙比void ratio孔隙率porosity粒度granularity, grainness, grainage粒组fraction, size fraction毛细管水capillary water密度density密实度compactionness年粘性土的灵敏度sensitivity of cohesive soil平均粒径mean diameter, average grain diameter曲率系数coefficient of curvature三相图block diagram, skeletal diagram, three phase diagram三相土tri-phase soil湿陷起始应力initial collapse pressure湿陷系数coefficient of collapsibility缩限shrinkage limit土的构造soil texture土的结构soil structure土粒相对密度specific density of solid particles土中气air in soil土中水water in soil团粒aggregate, cumularpharolith限定粒径constrained diameter相对密度relative density, density index相对压密度relative compaction, compacting factor, percent compa ction, coefficient of compaction絮状结构flocculent structure压密系数coefficient of consolidation压缩性compressibility液限liquid limit液性指数liquidity index游离水（台）free water有效粒径effective diameter, effective grain size, effective size有效密度effective density有效重度effective unit weight重力密度unit weight自由水free water, gravitational water, groundwater, phreatic water 组构fabric最大干密度maximum dry density最优含水量optimum water content5. 渗透性和渗流达西定律Darcy s law管涌piping浸润线phreatic line临界水力梯度critical hydraulic gradient流函数flow function流土flowing soil流网flow net砂沸sand boiling渗流seepage渗流量seepage discharge渗流速度seepage velocity渗透力seepage force渗透破坏seepage failure渗透系数coefficient of permeability渗透性permeability势函数potential function水力梯度hydraulic gradient6. 地基应力和变形变形deformation变形模量modulus of deformation泊松比Poisson s ratio布西涅斯克解Boussinnesq s solution残余变形residual deformation残余孔隙水压力residual pore water pressure超静孔隙水压力excess pore water pressure沉降settlement沉降比settlement ratio次固结沉降secondary consolidation settlement次固结系数coefficient of secondary consolidation地基沉降的弹性力学公式elastic formula for settlement calculation 分层总和法layerwise summation method负孔隙水压力negative pore water pressure附加应力superimposed stress割线模量secant modulus固结沉降consolidation settlement规范沉降计算法settlement calculation by specification回弹变形rebound deformation回弹模量modulus of resilience回弹系数coefficient of resilience回弹指数swelling index建筑物的地基变形允许值allowable settlement of building剪胀dilatation角点法corner-points method孔隙气压力pore air pressure孔隙水压力pore water pressure孔隙压力系数Apore pressure parameter A孔隙压力系数Bpore pressure parameter B明德林解Mindlin s solution纽马克感应图Newmark chart切线模量tangent modulus蠕变creep三向变形条件下的固结沉降three-dimensional consolidation settl ement瞬时沉降immediate settlement塑性变形plastic deformation谈弹性变形elastic deformation谈弹性模量elastic modulus谈弹性平衡状态state of elastic equilibrium体积变形模量volumetric deformation modulus先期固结压力preconsolidation pressure压缩层压缩模量modulus of compressibility压缩系数coefficient of compressibility压缩性compressibility压缩指数compression index有效应力effective stress自重应力self-weight stress总应力total stress approach of shear strength最终沉降final settlement7. 固结巴隆固结理论Barron s consolidation theory比奥固结理论Biot s consolidation theory超固结比over-consolidation ratio超静孔隙水压力excess pore water pressure次固结secondary consolidation次压缩（台）secondary consolidatin单向度压密（台）one-dimensional consolidation多维固结multi-dimensional consolidation固结consolidation固结度degree of consolidation固结理论theory of consolidation固结曲线consolidation curve固结速率rate of consolidation固结系数coefficient of consolidation固结压力consolidation pressure回弹曲线rebound curve井径比drain spacing ratio井阻well resistance曼代尔－克雷尔效应Mandel-Cryer effect潜变（台）creep砂井sand drain砂井地基平均固结度average degree of consolidation of sand-drained ground 时间对数拟合法logrithm of time fitting method时间因子time factor太沙基固结理论Terzaghi s consolidation theory太沙基－伦杜列克扩散方程Terzaghi-Rendulic diffusion equation先期固结压力preconsolidation pressure压密（台）consolidation压密度（台）degree of consolidation压缩曲线cpmpression curve一维固结one dimensional consolidation有效应力原理principle of effective stress预压密压力（台）preconsolidation pressure原始压缩曲线virgin compression curve再压缩曲线recompression curve主固结primary consolidation主压密（台）primary consolidation准固结压力pseudo-consolidation pressureK0固结consolidation under K0 condition8. 抗剪强度安息角（台）angle of repose不排水抗剪强度undrained shear strength残余内摩擦角residual angle of internal friction残余强度residual strength长期强度long-term strength单轴抗拉强度uniaxial tension test动强度dynamic strength of soils峰值强度peak strength伏斯列夫参数Hvorslev parameter剪切应变速率shear strain rate抗剪强度shear strength抗剪强度参数shear strength parameter抗剪强度有效应力法effective stress approach of shear strength 抗剪强度总应力法total stress approach of shear strength库仑方程Coulomb s equation摩尔包线Mohr s envelope摩尔－库仑理论Mohr-Coulomb theory内摩擦角angle of internal friction年粘聚力cohesion破裂角angle of rupture破坏准则failure criterion十字板抗剪强度vane strength无侧限抗压强度unconfined compression strength有效内摩擦角effective angle of internal friction有效粘聚力effective cohesion intercept有效应力破坏包线effective stress failure envelope有效应力强度参数effective stress strength parameter有效应力原理principle of effective stress真内摩擦角true angle internal friction真粘聚力true cohesion总应力破坏包线total stress failure envelope总应力强度参数total stress strength parameter9. 本构模型本构模型constitutive model边界面模型boundary surface model层向各向同性体模型cross anisotropic model超弹性模型hyperelastic model德鲁克－普拉格准则Drucker-Prager criterion邓肯－张模型Duncan-Chang model动剪切强度非线性弹性模量nonlinear elastic model盖帽模型cap model刚塑性模型rigid plastic model割线模量secant modulus广义冯·米赛斯屈服准则extended von Mises yield criterion广义特雷斯卡屈服准则extended tresca yield criterion加工软化work softening加工硬化work hardening加工硬化定律strain harding law剑桥模型Cambridge model柯西弹性模型Cauchy elastic model拉特－邓肯模型Lade-Duncan model拉特屈服准则Lade yield criterion理想弹塑性模型ideal elastoplastic model临界状态弹塑性模型critical state elastoplastic model流变学模型rheological model流动规则flow rule摩尔－库仑屈服准则Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion内蕴时间塑性模型endochronic plastic model内蕴时间塑性理论endochronic theory年粘弹性模型viscoelastic model切线模量tangent modulus清华弹塑性模型Tsinghua elastoplastic model屈服面yield surface沈珠江三重屈服面模型Shen Zhujiang three yield surface method双参数地基模型双剪应力屈服模型twin shear stress yield criterion双曲线模型hyperbolic model松岗元－中井屈服准则Matsuoka-Nakai yield criterion塑性形变理论谈弹塑性模量矩阵elastoplastic modulus matrix谈弹塑性模型elastoplastic modulus谈弹塑性增量理论incremental elastoplastic theory谈弹性半空间地基模型elastic half-space foundation model谈弹性变形elastic deformation谈弹性模量elastic modulus谈弹性模型elastic model魏汝龙－Khosla－Wu模型Wei Rulong-Khosla-Wu model文克尔地基模型Winkler foundation model修正剑桥模型modified cambridge model准弹性模型hypoelastic model10. 地基承载力冲剪破坏punching shear failure次层（台）substratum地基subgrade, ground, foundation soil地基承载力bearing capacity of foundation soil地基极限承载力ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil地基允许承载力allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil地基稳定性stability of foundation soil汉森地基承载力公式Hansen s ultimate bearing capacity formula极限平衡状态state of limit equilibrium加州承载比（美国）California Bearing Ratio局部剪切破坏local shear failure临塑荷载critical edge pressure梅耶霍夫极限承载力公式Meyerhof s ultimate bearing capacity formula 普朗特承载力理论Prandel bearing capacity theory斯肯普顿极限承载力公式Skempton s ultimate bearing capacity formula太沙基承载力理论Terzaghi bearing capacity theory魏锡克极限承载力公式Vesic s ultimate bearing capacity formula 整体剪切破坏general shear failure11. 土压力被动土压力passive earth pressure被动土压力系数coefficient of passive earth pressure极限平衡状态state of limit equilibrium静止土压力earth pressue at rest静止土压力系数coefficient of earth pressur at rest库仑土压力理论Coulomb s earth pressure theory库尔曼图解法Culmannn construction朗肯土压力理论Rankine s earth pressure theory朗肯状态Rankine state谈弹性平衡状态state of elastic equilibrium土压力earth pressure主动土压力active earth pressure主动土压力系数coefficient of active earth pressure12. 土坡稳定分析安息角（台）angle of repose分析毕肖普法Bishop method分析边坡稳定安全系数safety factor of slope分析不平衡推理传递法unbalanced thrust transmission method分析费伦纽斯条分法Fellenius method of slices分析库尔曼法Culmann method分析摩擦圆法friction circle method分析摩根斯坦－普拉斯法Morgenstern-Price method分析铅直边坡的临界高度critical height of vertical slope分析瑞典圆弧滑动法Swedish circle method分析斯宾赛法Spencer method分析泰勒法Taylor method分析条分法slice method分析土坡slope分析土坡稳定分析slope stability analysis分析土坡稳定极限分析法limit analysis method of slope stability分析土坡稳定极限平衡法limit equilibrium method of slope stability 分析休止角angle of repose分析扬布普遍条分法Janbu general slice method分析圆弧分析法circular arc analysis13. 土的动力性质比阻尼容量specific gravity capacity波的弥散特性dispersion of waves波速法wave velocity method材料阻尼material damping初始液化initial liquefaction地基固有周期natural period of soil site动剪切模量dynamic shear modulus of soils动力布西涅斯克解dynamic solution of Boussinesq 动力放大因素dynamic magnification factor动力性质dynamic properties of soils动强度dynamic strength of soils骨架波akeleton waves in soils几何阻尼geometric damping抗液化强度liquefaction stress孔隙流体波fluid wave in soil损耗角loss angle往返活动性reciprocating activity无量纲频率dimensionless frequency液化liquefaction液化势评价evaluation of liquefaction potential液化应力比stress ratio of liquefaction应力波stress waves in soils振陷dynamic settlement阻尼damping of soil阻尼比damping ratio14. 挡土墙挡土墙retaining wall挡土墙排水设施挡土墙稳定性stability of retaining wall垛式挡土墙扶垛式挡土墙counterfort retaining wall后垛墙（台）counterfort retaining wall基础墙foundation wall加筋土挡墙reinforced earth bulkhead锚定板挡土墙anchored plate retaining wall锚定式板桩墙anchored sheet pile wall锚杆式挡土墙anchor rod retaining wall悬壁式板桩墙cantilever sheet pile wall悬壁式挡土墙cantilever sheet pile wall重力式挡土墙gravity retaining wall15. 板桩结构物板桩sheet pile物板桩结构sheet pile structure物钢板桩steel sheet pile物钢筋混凝土板桩reinforced concrete sheet pile物钢桩steel pile物灌注桩cast-in-place pile物拉杆tie rod物锚定式板桩墙anchored sheet pile wall物锚固技术anchoring物锚座Anchorage物木板桩wooden sheet pile物木桩timber piles物悬壁式板桩墙cantilever sheet pile wall16. 基坑开挖与降水板桩围护sheet pile-braced cuts电渗法electro-osmotic drainage管涌piping基底隆起heave of base基坑降水dewatering基坑失稳instability (failure) of foundation pit基坑围护bracing of foundation pit减压井relief well降低地下水位法dewatering method井点系统well point system喷射井点eductor well point铅直边坡的临界高度critical height of vertical slope砂沸sand boiling深井点deep well point真空井点vacuum well point支撑围护braced cuts17. 浅基础补偿性基础compensated foundation持力层bearing stratum次层（台）substratum单独基础individual footing倒梁法inverted beam method刚性角pressure distribution angle of masonary foundation 刚性基础rigid foundation高杯口基础基础埋置深度embeded depth of foundation基床系数coefficient of subgrade reaction基底附加应力net foundation pressure交叉条形基础cross strip footing接触压力contact pressure静定分析法（浅基础）static analysis (shallow foundation)壳体基础shell foundation扩展基础spread footing片筏基础mat foundation浅基础shallow foundation墙下条形基础热摩奇金法Zemochkin s method柔性基础flexible foundation上部结构－基础－土共同作用分析structure- foundation-soil interactionanalysis 谈弹性地基梁（板）分析analysis of beams and slabs on elastic foundation条形基础strip footing下卧层substratum箱形基础box foundation18. 深基础贝诺托灌注桩Benoto cast-in-place pile波动方程分析Wave equation analysis场铸桩（台)cast-in-place pile沉管灌注桩diving casting cast-in-place pile沉井基础open-end caisson foundation沉箱基础box caisson foundation成孔灌注同步桩synchronous pile承台pile caps充盈系数fullness coefficient单桩承载力bearing capacity of single pile单桩横向极限承载力ultimate lateral resistance of single pile单桩竖向抗拔极限承载力vertical ultimate uplift resistance of single pile单桩竖向抗压容许承载力vertical ultimate carrying capacity of single pile单桩竖向抗压极限承载力vertical allowable load capacity of single pile低桩承台low pile cap地下连续墙diaphgram wall点承桩（台）end-bearing pile动力打桩公式dynamic pile driving formula端承桩end-bearing pile法兰基灌注桩Franki pile负摩擦力negative skin friction of pile钢筋混凝土预制桩precast reinforced concrete piles钢桩steel pile高桩承台high-rise pile cap灌注桩cast-in-place pile横向载荷桩laterally loaded vertical piles护壁泥浆slurry coat method回转钻孔灌注桩rotatory boring cast-in-place pile静力压桩silent piling抗拔桩uplift pile抗滑桩anti-slide pile摩擦桩friction pile木桩timber piles嵌岩灌注桩piles set into rock群桩pile groups群桩效率系数efficiency factor of pile groups群桩效应efficiency of pile groups群桩竖向极限承载力vertical ultimate load capacity of pile groups 深基础deep foundation竖直群桩横向极限承载力无桩靴夯扩灌注桩rammed bulb ile桩piles桩基动测技术dynamic pile test钻孔墩基础drilled-pier foundation钻孔扩底灌注桩under-reamed bored pile钻孔压注桩starsol enbesol pile最后贯入度final set19. 地基处理表层压密法surface compaction超载预压surcharge preloading袋装砂井sand wick地工织物geofabric, geotextile地基处理ground treatment, foundation treatment电动化学灌浆electrochemical grouting电渗法electro-osmotic drainage顶升纠偏法定喷directional jet grouting冻土地基处理frozen foundation improvement短桩处理treatment with short pile堆载预压法preloading粉体喷射深层搅拌法powder deep mixing method复合地基composite foundation干振成孔灌注桩vibratory bored pile高压喷射注浆法jet grounting灌浆材料injection material灌浆法grouting硅化法silicification夯实桩compacting pile化学灌浆chemical grouting换填法cushion灰土桩lime soil pile挤密灌浆compaction grouting挤密桩compaction pile, compacted column挤淤法displacement method加筋法reinforcement method加筋土reinforced earth碱液法soda solution grouting浆液深层搅拌法grout deep mixing method降低地下水位法dewatering method坑式托换pit underpinning冷热处理法freezing and heating锚固技术anchoring锚杆静压桩托换anchor pile underpinning排水固结法consolidation膨胀土地基处理expansive foundation treatment劈裂灌浆fracture grouting浅层处理shallow treatment强夯法dynamic compaction人工地基artificial foundation容许灌浆压力allowable grouting pressure褥垫pillow软土地基soft clay ground砂井sand drain砂井地基平均固结度average degree of consolidation of sand-drained ground 砂桩sand column山区地基处理foundation treatment in mountain area深层搅拌法deep mixing method渗入性灌浆seep-in grouting湿陷性黄土地基处理collapsible loess treatment石灰系深层搅拌法lime deep mixing method石灰桩lime column, limepile树根桩root pile水泥土水泥掺合比cement mixing ratio水泥系深层搅拌法cement deep mixing method水平旋喷horizontal jet grouting塑料排水带plastic drain碎石桩gravel pile, stone pillar天然地基natural foundation土工聚合物Geopolymer土工织物geofabric, geotextile土桩earth pile托换技术underpinning technique外掺剂additive旋喷jet grouting药液灌浆chemical grouting预浸水法presoaking预压法preloading真空预压vacuum preloading振冲法vibroflotation method振冲密实法vibro-compaction振冲碎石桩vibro replacement stone column振冲置换法vibro-replacement振密、挤密法vibro-densification, compacting置换率（复合地基）replacement ratio重锤夯实法tamping桩式托换pile underpinning桩土应力比stress ratio20. 动力机器基础比阻尼容量specific gravity capacity等效集总参数法constant strain rate consolidation test地基固有周期natural period of soil site动基床反力法dynamic subgrade reaction method动力放大因素dynamic magnification factor隔振isolation基础振动foundation vibration基础振动半空间理论elastic half-space theory of foundation vibration 基础振动容许振幅allowable amplitude of foundation vibration基础自振频率natural frequency of foundation集总参数法lumped parameter method吸收系数absorption coefficient质量－弹簧－阻尼器系统mass-spring-dushpot system21. 地基基础抗震地基固有周期natural period of soil site地震earthquake, seism, temblor地震持续时间duration of earthquake地震等效均匀剪应力equivalent even shear stress of earthquake地震反应谱earthquake response spectrum地震烈度earthquake intensity地震震级earthquake magnitude地震卓越周期seismic predominant period地震最大加速度maximum acceleration of earthquake动力放大因数dynamic magnification factor对数递减率logrithmic decrement刚性系数coefficient of rigidity吸收系数absorption coefficient22. 室内土工试验比重试验specific gravity test变水头渗透试验falling head permeability test不固结不排水试验unconsolidated-undrained triaxial test常规固结试验routine consolidation test常水头渗透试验constant head permeability test单剪仪simple shear apparatus单轴拉伸试验uniaxial tensile test等速加荷固结试验constant loading rate consolidatin test等梯度固结试验constant gradient consolidation test等应变速率固结试验equivalent lumped parameter method反复直剪强度试验repeated direct shear test反压饱和法back pressure saturation method高压固结试验high pressure consolidation test各向不等压固结不排水试验consoidated anisotropically undrained test 各向不等压固结排水试验consolidated anisotropically drained test共振柱试验resonant column test固结不排水试验consolidated undrained triaxial test固结快剪试验consolidated quick direct shear test固结排水试验consolidated drained triaxial test固结试验consolidation test含水量试验water content test环剪试验ring shear test黄土湿陷试验loess collapsibility test界限含水量试验Atterberg limits test卡萨格兰德法Casagrande s method颗粒分析试验grain size analysis test孔隙水压力消散试验pore pressure dissipation test快剪试验quick direct shear test快速固结试验fast consolidation test离心模型试验centrifugal model test连续加荷固结试验continual loading test慢剪试验consolidated drained direct shear test毛细管上升高度试验capillary rise test密度试验density test扭剪仪torsion shear apparatus膨胀率试验swelling rate test平面应变仪plane strain apparatus三轴伸长试验triaxial extension test三轴压缩试验triaxial compression test砂的相对密实度试验sand relative density test筛分析sieve analysis渗透试验permeability test湿化试验slaking test收缩试验shrinkage test塑限试验plastic limit test缩限试验shrinkage limit test土工模型试验geotechnical model test土工织物试验geotextile test无侧限抗压强度试验unconfined compression strength test无粘性土天然坡角试验angle of repose of cohesionless soils test压密不排水三轴压缩试验consolidated undrained triaxial compression test 压密排水三轴压缩试验consolidated drained triaxial compressure test压密试验consolidation test液塑限联合测定法liquid-plastic limit combined method液限试验liquid limit test应变控制式三轴压缩仪strain control triaxial compression apparatus应力控制式三轴压缩仪stress control triaxial compression apparatus有机质含量试验organic matter content test真三轴仪true triaxial apparatus振动单剪试验dynamic simple shear test直剪仪direct shear apparatus直接剪切试验direct shear test直接单剪试验direct simple shear test自振柱试验free vibration column testK0固结不排水试验K0 consolidated undrained testK0固结排水试验K0 consolidated drained test23. 原位测试标准贯入试验standard penetration test表面波试验surface wave test超声波试验ultrasonic wave test承载比试验Califonia Bearing Ratio Test单桩横向载荷试验lateral load test of pile单桩竖向静载荷试验static load test of pile动力触探试验dynamic penetration test静力触探试验static cone penetration test静力载荷试验plate loading test跨孔试验cross-hole test块体共振试验block resonant test螺旋板载荷试验screw plate test旁压试验pressurementer test轻便触探试验light sounding test深层沉降观测deep settlement measurement十字板剪切试验vane shear test无损检测nondestructive testing下孔法试验down-hole test现场渗透试验field permeability test原位孔隙水压力量测in situ pore water pressure measurement原位试验in-situ soil test最后贯入度final set。
矿物单词缩写
名称符号白云母 Mu白钨矿 Sh斑铜矿 Bn赤铁矿 Hm赤铜矿 Cpt磁铁矿 Mt雌黄铁矿Pyr雌黄 Orp单斜辉石 Mp毒砂 Ars方解石 Cal方铅矿 Gn高岭石 Kl锆石 Zi铬铁矿 Chm硅灰石 Wl褐铁矿 Lm黑钨矿 Wf黑云母 Bit红柱石 Ad黄铜矿 Cp黄铁矿 Py辉铜矿 Cc辉钼矿Mot辉锑矿Sti辉银矿Arg辉石Prx钾长石Kp尖晶石Sp金刚石Dm 堇青石Cor 绢云母 Ser 蓝宝石Ind 蓝晶石Ky 蓝铜矿Az 锂辉石 Spo 锂云母Lpd 铝土矿Bx 绿帘石Ep 绿泥石Chl 绿柱石 Ber 镁铁榴石Mj 镁铁闪石Cun 明矾石 Aln 钠长石 Ab 闪锌矿Sph 石英 Qz 石榴石 Gr 石墨 Gph 石膏 Gy 铜蓝 Cov 透石膏Sel 透辉石Di 透闪石 Tl 透长石 San 微斜长石 Mi 斜方辉石 Opx 斜长石 Pl雄黄 Rar阳起石Act黝帘石 Zo萤石 Fl黝铜矿Thr正长石Or序号矿物符号矿物名称矿物英文名称1 Ab 钠长石Albite2 Act 阳起石Actinolite3 Adr 钙铁闪石Andradite4 Aeg 霓石Aegirine5 Afs 碱性长石Alkalifeldspar6 Agt 霓辉石Aegirine-augite7 Ak 镁黄长石Akermanite8 Alm 铁铝榴石Almandine9 Aln 褐帘石Allanite10 Als 铝硅酸盐Alumosilicate11 Am 闪石Amphibole12 An 钙长石Anorthite13 And 红柱石Andalusite14 Anh 硬石膏Anhydrite15 Ank 铁白云母Ankerite16 Anl 方沸石Analcime17 Ann 铁云母Annite18 Ant 锐钛矿Anatase19 Ap 磷灰石Apatite20 Apo 鱼眼石Apophyllite21 Apy 毒砂Arsenopyrite22 Arf 亚铁钠闪石Arfvedsonite23 Arg 文石Aragonite24 Atg 叶蛇纹石Antigorite25 Ath 直闪石Anthophyllite26 Aug 辉石Augite27 Ax 斧石Axinite28 Bhm 软水铝矿Boehmite29 Bn 斑铜矿Bornite30 Brc 水镁石Brucite31 Brk 板钛矿Brookite.32 Brl 绿柱石Beryl33 Brs 冻蓝闪石Barroisite34 Brt 重晶石Barite35 Bst 锰硅灰石Bustamite36 Bt 黑云母Biotite37 Cal 方解石Calcite38 Cam 单斜角闪石（闪石）Clinoamphibole39 Cb 碳酸盐矿物Carbonate mineral40 Cbz 菱沸石Chabazite41 Chc 辉铜矿Chalcocite42 Csl 硅孔雀石Chrysocolla43 Ccn 钙霞石Cancrinite44 Clp 黄铜矿Chalcopyrite45 Cel 绿菱石Celadonite46 Cen 斜顽火辉石Clinoenstatite47 Cfs 斜铁辉石Clinoferrosilite48 Chl 绿泥石Chlorite49 Chm 鲕绿泥石Chamosite50 Chn 粒硅灰石Chondrodite51 Chq 斜锂闪石/斜锂蓝闪石Clinoholmquistite52 Chr 铬铁矿Chromite53 Chu 斜硅镁石Clinohumite54 Clc 斜绿泥石Clinochlore55 Cld 硬绿泥石Chloritoid56 Cls 天青石Celestine57 Coe 柯石英Coesite58 Cph 斜锰柱石Carpholite59 Cpx 单斜辉石Clinopyroxene60 Crd 堇青石Cordierite61 Crn 刚玉Corundum62 Crs 方石英Cristobalite63 Cst 锡石Cassiterite64 Ctl 纤蛇纹石Chrysotile65 Cum 镁铁闪石Cummingtonite66 Cv 铜蓝Covellite67 Czo 斜黝帘石Clinozoisite68 Dee 迪尔石Deerite69 Dg 蓝辉铜矿Digenite70 Di 透辉石Diopside71 Dol 白云石Dolomite72 Drv 镁电气石Dravite73 Dsp 硬水铝石Diaspore74 Eck 钙叶绿泥石Eckermannite75 Ed 浅闪石Edenite.76 Elb 锂电气石Elbaite77 En 顽火辉石Enstatite78 Ep 绿帘石Epidote79 Fa 铁橄榄石Fayalite80 Fe2-Act 镁阳起石Ferro-Actinolite81 Fe2-Chq 斜铁锂闪石Clinoferroholmquistite82 Fe2-Ed 铁浅闪石Ferro-Edenite83 Fe2-Hbl 铁角闪石Ferrohornblende84 Fe2-Ts 铁钙闪石Ferrotschermakite85 Fl 萤石Fluorite86 Fo 镁橄榄石Forsterite87 Fs 铁辉石Ferrosilite88 Fsp 长石Feldspar89 Gad 硅铍钇矿Gadolinite90 Gbs 三水铝石Gibbsite91 Ged 铝直闪石Gedrite92 Gh 铝黄长石Gehlenite93 Gln 蓝闪石Glaucophane94 Glt 海绿石Glauconite95 Gn 方铅矿Galena96 Gp 石膏Gypsum97 Grp 石墨Graphite98 Gre 铁蛇纹石Greenalite99 Grs 钙铝榴石Grossular100 Grt 石榴子石Garnet101 Gru 铁闪石Grunerite102 Gt 针铁矿Goethite103 Hbl 普通角闪石Hornblende104 Hc 铁尖晶石Hercynite105 Hd 钙铁辉石Hedenbergite106 Hem 赤铁矿Hematite107 Hgb 黑铝镁钛矿Hoegbomite108 Hl 石盐Halite109 Hq 铝闪石Holmquistite110 Hs 绿钙闪石Hastingsite111 Hu 硅镁石Humite112 Hul 片沸石Heulandite113 Hyn 蓝方石Haüyne114 Ill 伊利石Illite115 Ilm 钛铁矿Ilmenite116 Jd 硬玉Jadeite117 Jh 钙镁辉石Johannsenite118 Joe 铅铍闪石Joesmithite119 Kfs 钾长石K-feldspar. 120 Kie 水镁矾Kieserite121 Kln 高岭石Kaolinite122 Kln-Srp 高岭石-蛇纹石Kaolinite-Serpentine 123 Kls 钾霞石Kalsilite124 KMg-Sdg 钾镁砂川闪石Potassic-Magnesiosadan agaite125 Koz 铁锰钠闪石Kozulite126 Krn 柱晶石Kornerupine127 Krs 钛闪石Kaersutite128 K-Sdg 钾砂川闪石Potassicsadanagaite 129 Ktp 红钠闪石（红闪石）Katophorite130 Ky 蓝晶石Kyanite131 Laz 天蓝石Lazulite132 Lct 白榴石Leucite133 Lm 褐铁矿Limonite134 Lmt 浊沸石Laumontite135 Lo 斜方砷铁矿Loellingite136 Lpd 锂云母Lepidolite137 Lws 硬柱石Lawsonite138 Lz 利蛇纹石Lizardite139 Mag 磁铁矿Magnetite140 Mar 钠柱石Marialite141 Mic 微斜长石Microcline142 Mi 云母Mica143 Mei 钙柱石Meionite144 Mel 黄长石Melilite145 Mgh 磁赤铁矿Maghemite146 Mg-Hbl 镁角闪石Magnesiohornblende 147 Mg-Ktp 镁红钠闪石Magnesiokatophorite 148 Mg-Rbk 镁钠闪石Magnesioriebeckite 149 Mgs 菱镁矿Magnesite150 Mg-Sdg 镁砂川闪石Magnesiosadanagaite 151 Mns 铁滑石Minnesotaite152 Mnt 蒙脱石Montmorillonite 153 Mnz 独居石Monazite154 Mo 辉钼矿Molybdenite155 Mrc 白铁矿Marcasite156 Mrg 珍珠云母Margarite157 Ms 白云母Muscovite158 Mtc 钙镁橄榄石Monticellite159 Mul 莫来石Mullite160 Mw 黝硅镁钙石Merwinite161 Ne 霞石Nepheline162 Nrb 块硅镁石Norbergite. 163 Nsn 黝方石Nosean164 Ntr 钠沸石Natrolite165 Nyb 灰闪石Nyboeite166 Oam 斜方闪石Orthoamphibole167 Ol 橄榄石Olivine168 Omp 绿辉石Omphacite169 Op 不透明矿物Opaque mineral170 Opx 正方辉石Orthopyroxene171 Or 正长石Orthoclase172 Osu 大隅石Osumilite173 Pcl 烧绿石Pyrochlore174 Pct 针钠钙石Pectolite175 Per 方镁石Periclase176 Pg 钠云母Paragonite177 Pgt 易变辉石Pigeonite178 Phg 多硅白云母Phengite179 Phl 金云母Phlogopite180 Pl 斜长石Plagioclase181 Pmp 绿纤石Pumpellyite182 Pn 镍黄铁矿Pentlandite183 Po 磁黄铁矿Pyrrhotite184 Prg 韭闪石Pargasite185 Prh 葡萄石Prehnite186 Prl 叶蜡石Pyrophyllite187 Prl-Tlc 叶蜡石-滑石Pyrophyllite-Talc188 Prp 镁铝榴石Pyrope189 Prv 钙钛矿Perovskite190 Px 辉石Pyroxene191 Py 黄铁矿Pyrite192 Qtz 石英Quartz193 Rbk 钠闪石Riebeckite194 Rdn 蔷薇辉石Rhodonite195 Rds 菱锰矿Rhodochrosite196 Rit 钠透闪石Richterite197 Rt 金红石Rutile198 Sa 透长石Sanidine199 Scp 方柱石Scapolite200 Sd 菱铁矿Siderite201 Sdg 砂川闪石Sadanagaite202 Sdl 方钠石Sodalite203 Sep 海泡石Sepiolite204 Ser 绢云母Sericite205 Sil 夕线石Sillimanite206 Sme 蒙脱石（蒙皂石）Smectite. 207 Sp 闪锌矿Sphalerite208 Spd 锂辉石Spodumene209 Spl 尖晶石Spinel210 Spr 假蓝宝石Sapphirine211 Sps 锰铝榴石Spessartine212 Srl 黑电气石Schorl213 Srp 蛇纹石Serpentine214 St 十字石Staurolite215 Stb 辉沸石Stilbite216 Stp 黑硬绿泥石Stilpnomelane217 Str 碳锶矿Strontianite218 Stv 斯石英Stishovite219 Tlc 滑石Talc220 Tmt 绿闪石Taramite221 Toz 黄玉Topaz222 Tr 透闪石Tremolite223 Trd 鳞石英Tridymite224 Tro 陨硫铁Troilite225 Ts 镁钙闪石Tschermakite226 Ttn 榍石Titanite227 Tur 电气石Tourmaline228 Usp 钛铁尖晶石Ulvoespinel229 Uvt 钙铬榴石Uvarovite230 Ves 符山石Vesuvianite231 Viv 蓝铁矿Vivianite232 Vrm 蛭石Vermiculite233 Win 蓝透闪石Winchite234 Wmi 白色云母White Mica235 Wo 硅灰石Wollastonite236 Wrk 斜钙沸石Wairakite237 Wth 碳钡矿Witherite238 Wus 方铁矿Wüstite Wuestite239 Xtm 磷钇矿Xenotime240 Zeo 沸石Zeolite241 Zo 黝帘石Zoisite242 Zrn 锆英石Zircon243 Zwd 铁锂云母Zinnwaldite244 Ads 中长石Adesine245 Adl 冰长石Aduloria246 Atc 歪长石Anorthoclase247 Atp 反条纹长石Antiperthite248 Bad 斜锆石Baddelejite249 Byt 倍长石Bytoonite250 Cht 空晶石Chiastolite. 251 Crs 青铝闪石Crosstie252 Dia 金刚石Diamond253 Eul 尤莱辉石Eulite254 Fuc 铬云母Fuchite255 Fet 中柱石Fulite256 Hy 紫苏辉石Hypersthene257 Ja 碧玉Jasper258 Lab 拉长石Labradolite259 Laz 青金石Lazurite260 Mal 孔雀石Malachile261 Men 黑榴石Melanite262 Olg 奥长石Oligoclase263 Opl 蛋白石Opal264 Pen 叶绿泥石Pennine265 Pie 红帘石Piedmonlite266 Pth 条纹长石Perthite267 Pch 蠕绿泥石Prochlorite268 She 次透辉石Saheite270 Sek 铁堇青石Sekaninaite271 Spn 榍石Sphere272 Szb 硼镁石Szaibelyite273 Urt 纤闪石Uralite。
矿物、岩石名称 中英文对照
埃洛石 halloysite安多矿 auduoite安康矿 ankangite奥长石 oligoclase白榴石 leucite白铅矿 cerussite白铁矿 marcasite白钨矿 scheelite白云鄂博矿baiyuneboite白云母 muscovite白云石 dolomite斑铜矿 bornite包头矿 baotite钡长石 celsian钡闪叶石barytolamprophyllite 钡铁钛石 bafertisite钡霞石 hexacelsian 冰长石 adularia，adular冰晶石 cryolite冰洲石 icespar柴达木石 chaidamuite长石 feldspar超显微条纹长石cryptoperthite辰砂 cinnabar赤路矿 chiluite赤铁矿 hematite赤铜矿 cuprite臭葱石 scorodite磁赤铁矿 maghemite 磁黄铁矿 pyrrhotite 磁铁矿 magnetite雌黄 orpiment次透辉石 salite大青山矿daqingshanite大隅石 osumilite丹巴矿 danbaite单斜辉石clinopyroxene单斜钠长石 monalbite 蛋白石 opal道马矿 daomanite迪尔石 deerite迪开石 dickite电气石 tourmaline钓鱼岛石diaoyudaoite冻蓝闪石 barroisite 毒砂 arsenopyrite独居石 monazite多硅白云母 phengite多铝红柱石 mullite 多水绿硼钙石hydrochloborite娥眉矿 omeiite额尔齐斯石 ertixiite鲕绿泥石 chamosite二连石 erlianite发夕线石 fibrolite钒钡铜矿 vesignieite钒钙铀矿 tyuyamunite钒铜矿 vanadinite钒云母 roscoelite方沸石 analcime，analcidite，analcite 方解石 calcite方镁石 periclase方钠石 sodalite方硼石 boracite方铅矿 galena方石英 cristobalite方铁矿 wustite方柱石 scapolite翡翠 chalchuite芙蓉铀矿 furongite 氟磷灰石fluorapatite氟碳铈矿 bastnaesite符山石 vesuvianite，idocrase斧石 axinite复稀金矿 polycrase 富勒烯 fullerite，fullerence钙长石 anorthite钙钒石榴子石goldmanite钙沸石 scolecite钙锆石榴子石kimzeyite钙铬石榴子石uvarovite钙铝黄长石 gehlenite 钙铝石榴子石grossularite，grossular钙镁橄榄石monticellite钙十字沸石phillipsite钙钛矿 perovskite钙铁辉石hedenbergite钙铁石榴子石andradite钙霞石 cancrinite钙柱石 meionite杆沸石 thomsonite橄榄石 olivine橄榄铜矿 olivenite 赣南矿 gananite刚玉 corundum高岭石 kaolinite高温钠长石 analbite 锆[英]石 zircon铬钾矿 lopezite铬尖晶石chrome-spinel铬铅矿 crocoite铬铁尖晶石 picotite 铬铁矿 chromite铬透辉石chrome-diopside汞铅矿 leadamalgam 古北矿 gupaiite古铜辉石 bronzite顾家石 gugiaite光卤石 carnallite硅钙石 rankinite硅灰石 wollastonite 硅孔雀石 chrysocolla 硅镁石 humite硅硼钙石 datolite硅锌矿 willemite贵橄榄石 chrysolite 海绿石 glauconite海泡石 sepiolite褐帘石 allanite，orthite褐铁矿 limonite黑电气石 schorl黑金刚石 carbonnado 黑硼锡镁矿magnesiohulsite黑钨矿（钨锰铁矿）wolframite黑硬绿泥石stilpnomelane黑云母 biotite红宝石 ruby红帘石 piedmontite，piedmontite红闪石 katoforite，taramite红砷镍矿 niccolite 红石矿 hongshiite红柱石 andalusite滑石 talc黄长石 melilite黄河石 huanghoite黄钾铁矾 jarosite黄砷榴石 berzeliite 黄水晶 citrine黄锑矿 cervantite黄铁矿 pyrite黄铜矿 chalcopyrite 黄玉 topaz灰硅钙石 spurrite辉铋矿 bismuthinite辉沸石 stilbite辉钼矿 molybdenite 辉砷钴矿 cobaltite 辉石 pyroxene辉锑矿 antimonite辉锑矿 stibnite辉铜矿 chalcocite辉银矿 argentite蓟县矿 jixianite钾霞石 kalinophilite 钾硝石 niter钾盐 sylvite，sylvine假白榴石pseudoleucite假蓝宝石 sapphirine 尖晶石 spinel碱性长石 alkali feldspar交沸石 barmotome胶磷矿 collophane角闪石 amphibole角银矿 chlorargyrite 金刚石 diamond金红石 rutile金沙江石jinshajiangite金云母 phlogopite堇青石 cordierite 晶质铀矿 uraninite 韭闪石 pargasite绢云母 sericite柯石英 coesite空晶石 chiastolite 孔雀石 malachite拉长石 labradorite 莱河矿 laihunite兰透闪石 winchite 蓝宝石 sappire蓝方石 hauyne蓝晶石 kyanite ，disthene蓝闪石 glaucophane 蓝铁矿 viviante蓝铜矿 azruite蓝线石 dumortierite 锂电气石 elbaite锂辉石 spodumene锂辉石 spodumene锂铍石 liberite锂云母 lepidolite 利蛇纹石 lizardite 粒硅钙石 tilleyite粒硅镁石 chondrodite 磷灰石 apatite磷钇矿 xenotime鳞绿泥石 thuringite 鳞石英 tridymite菱沸石 chabazite菱镁矿 magnesite菱锰矿 rhodochrosite 菱铁矿 siderite菱锌矿 smithsonite 硫砷钌矿 ruarsite六方钾霞石 kalsilite 铝石榴子石 sudoite 铝土矿 bauxite铝直闪石 jedrite绿钙闪石 hastingsite 绿辉石 omphacite绿帘石 epidote绿泥石 chlorite绿松石 turquoise绿脱石 nontronite绿纤石 pumpellyite 绿柱石 beryl氯磷灰石滦河矿 luanheite芒硝 mirabilite镁电气石 dravite镁橄榄石 forsterite 镁铝石榴子石 pyrope 镁钠闪石magnesioriebekite镁闪石magnesiocummingtonit e镁铁闪石cummingtonite镁星叶石magnesioastrophyllit e镁叶云母 eastonite 蒙钠长石 monalbite 蒙钠长石 monalbite 蒙脱石montmorillonite，smectite锰铝石榴子石spessartite蜜黄长石 meliphanite 明矾石 alunite莫来石 mullite墨晶 black quartz默硅钙镁石 merwinite 钼铅矿 wulfenite钠钡长石 banalsite 钠长石 albite钠沸石 natrolite钠锰电气石 tsilaisit钠闪石 riebeckite钠铁闪石（亚铁钠闪石） arfvedsonite钠透闪石 richterite 钠硝石 soda niter，nitronatrite，钠云母 paragonite钠柱石 marialite南平石 nanpingite霓辉石 aegirine-augite霓石 aegirine镍黄铁矿 pentlandite 培长石 bytownite彭志忠石pengzhizhongite硼镁石 szaibelyite 硼镁铁矿 ludwigite 硼砂 borax片沸石 beulandite坡缕石 palygorskite 葡萄石 prehnite普通辉石 augite普通角闪石hornblende骑田岭矿qitianlingite契尔马克分子tschermakite浅闪石 edenite蔷薇辉石 rhodonite蔷薇石英 rose quartz 羟钒锌铅石descloizite羟磷灰石hydroxylapatite羟砷锌石 adamite羟铁云母 annite青河石 qingheiite青金石 lazurite青铝闪石 crossite氢氧镁石（水镁石）brucite日光榴石 helvite日光石 sunstone蠕绿泥石 prochlorite乳石英 milky quartz软锰矿 pyolusite三水铝石 gibbsite三斜霞石 carnegieite 砂金石（富包体石英）aventurine闪锌矿 sphalerite烧绿石 pyrochlore烧石膏 polyhydrate （bassanite）蛇纹石 serpentine蛇纹石石棉serpentine asbestos 砷锑矿 stibarsen砷锌矿 reinerite石膏 gypsum石榴子石 garnet石墨 graphite石盐 halite，rock salt石英 quartz水晶 rock crystal水镁石（氢氧镁石）brucite水锰矿 manganite水碳硼石 carboborite 水星叶石hydroastrophyllite 水云母 hydromica丝光沸石 mordenite 四方铜金矿tetraauricupride似长石 feldspathoids似辉石 pyroxenoid燧石 chert索伦石 suolunite钛尖晶石 ulvospinel钛铁矿 ilmenite碳磷灰石 carbonate-apatite碳纳米管 carbon nanotube腾冲铀矿tengchongite天河石 amazonite天青石 celesitie天然碱 trona条纹长石 perthite铁白云石 ankerite铁橄榄石 fayalite铁硅白云母ferriphengite铁滑石 minnesotaite 铁辉石 ferrosilite 铁尖晶石 hercynite 铁锂云母 zinnwaldite 铁菱镁矿 breunerite 铁铝石榴子石almandite铁闪石 grunerite铁蛇纹石 greenolith 铁叶云母siderophyllite桐柏矿 tongbaite铜蓝 covellite铜砷铀云母 zeunerite 铜铀云母 torbernite 透长石 sanidine透辉石 diopside透锂长石 petalite透闪石 tremolite歪长石 anorthoclase 顽火辉石 enstatite 微斜长石 microcline 围山矿 weishanite文石 aragonite钨锰铁矿（黑钨矿）wolframite夕线石 sillimanite 西盟石 ximengite锡林郭勒矿xilingolite锡石 cassiterite锡铁山石xitieshanite喜峰矿 xifengite细晶石 microlite霞石 nepheline纤钡锂石 balipholite 纤锰柱石 carpholite 纤蛇纹石（温石棉）chrysotile显微条纹长石microperthite香花石 hsianghualite 湘江铀矿xiangjiangite肖钠长石 pericline 斜长石 plagioclase 斜发沸石clinoptilolite斜方硅钙石kilchoanite斜方辉石orthopyroxene斜方闪叶石ortholamprophyllite 斜锆石 baddeleyite斜硅钙石 larnite斜绿泥石 clinochlore 斜顽辉石clinoenstatite斜黝帘石clinozoisite泻利盐 epsomite榍石 sphene，titanite锌赤铁矾zincobotryogen锌氯钾铁矾zincovoltaite锌叶绿矾zincocopiapite兴安石 xinganite，hingganite雄黄 realgar亚铁钠闪石（钠铁闪石） arfvedsonite烟水晶 smoky quartz阳起石 actinolite氧黑云母 oxybiotite 氧角闪石oxyhornblende叶蜡石 pyrophyllite 叶绿泥石 penninite，pennine叶钠长石cleavelandite叶蛇纹石 antigorite伊利石 illite沂蒙矿 yimengite异极矿 hemimorphite 易变辉石 pigeonite 银金矿 electrum萤石 fluorite硬绿泥石 chloritoid 硬锰矿 psilomelane 硬石膏 anhydrite硬水铝石 diaspore 硬玉 jadeite硬柱石 lawsonite黝方石 nosean黝帘石 zoisite黝铜矿 tetrahedrite 鱼眼石 apophyllite 玉髓 chalcedony玉髓状方解石brunnerite原钾霞石（六方钾霞石） kalsilite月光石 moonstone云母 mica晕长石 peristerite 扎布耶石 zabuyelite 粘土矿物 clay mineral张衡矿 zhanghengite章氏硼镁石hungchaoite针沸石 mazzite针钠钙石 pectolite 针铁矿 goethite珍珠云母 margarite 正长石 orthoclase直闪石 anthophylite 蛭石 vermiculite中长石 andesine中沸石 mesolite中条纹长石mesoperthite中柱石 mizzonite重晶石 barite重夕线石 xenolith锥辉石 acmite浊沸石 laumontite紫硅镁铝石 yoderite 紫水晶 amethyste紫苏辉石 hypersthene 自然铋 bismuth自然铂 platinum自然铬 native chromium自然金 gold自然硫 sulphur自然铜 copper岩石学 Petrology火成岩石学 Igneous Petrology埃达克岩 adakite安山岩 andesite安山质 andesitic暗色矿物 dark-colored mineral暗色岩 melanocrate 奥长花岗岩trondbjemite白岗岩 alaskite白榴岩 leucitite斑晶 phenocryst斑岩 porphyry斑杂构造taxitic structure斑状 porphyritic斑状结构porphyritic texture 半晶质hemicrystalline半自形粒状hypidiomorphic tranular包含结构 poikilitic texture爆发指数 explosive index爆炸性喷发 explosive eruption碧玄岩 basanite玻基斑状结构vitroporphyritic texture玻晶交织结构hyalopilitic texture玻璃质glassy，vitreous玻屑（火山玻屑）vitric pyroclast捕虏体 xenolith斑状结构porphyritic texture 不等粒状inequigranular不整合侵入体discordant intrusion 部分熔融partial melting层状火山stratovolcano长英质 felsic超基性 ultrabasic超基性岩ultrabasic rock超镁铁质 ultramafic 超镁铁质岩ultramafic rock超酸性岩ultraacidic rock橙玄玻璃 palagonite 橙玄岩 palagonite炽热火山云nuée ardente雏晶 crystallite纯橄榄岩 dunite次变边结构kelyphitic texture 粗安岩trachyandesite粗粒的coarse-grained粗面结构trachytic texture粗面岩 trachyte粗玄岩 trachybasalt 等粒状 equigranular 地幔岩 pyrolite地幔柱 [mantle]plume地热梯度geothermal gradient 地震earthquake， seism 地震波 seismic wave 断层地震 fault earthquake盾形火山 shield volcano二长花岗岩monzonitic granite 二长结构monzonitic texture 二长岩 monzonite二辉橄榄岩lherzolite发光云 glowing cloud 反应边结构reaction rim texture 非爆炸性喷发 non-explosive eruption 霏细结构felsitic texture分离结晶作用fractionalcrystallization分异指数differentiation index， DI玢岩 porphyrite浮岩 pumice负荷压力lithostatic pressure 复合火山 compound （composite）volcano钙碱性系列 calc-钙碱指数 calc-alkali index橄榄岩 peridotite高铝玄武岩 high-alumina basalt工艺岩石学technological petrology构造 structure构造岩石学structural petrology 硅碱指数 silic-alkali index硅铝矿物 salic mineral硅质 silicic海底喷发 submarine eruption黑矅岩 obsidian横向冲击波 lateral blast烘烤带 “baked”zone花斑岩 granophyre花岗结构 granitic texture花岗闪长岩granodiorite花岗岩 granite煌斑结构lamprophyric texture 煌斑岩 lamprophyre 辉长结构 gabbro texture辉长岩 gabbro辉绿结构 diabasic texture辉绿岩 diabase辉石岩 pyroxenite活动构造带 active tectonic belt活火山 active volcano火成岩 igneous rock 火山 volcano火山带 volcanic belt 火山弹 [volcanic] bomb火山地震 volcanic earthquake火山构造 volcanic structure火山管 diatreme火山灰 [volcanic] ash火山灰凝灰岩 lapilli tuff火山活动 volcanic activity火山机构 volcanic apparatus火山机体 volcanic edifice火山颈 volcanic neck 火山口 crater火山口湖 caldera lake火山砾 lapilli火山砾岩lapillistone火山泥[石]流 lahar，volcanic mdflow火山喷[火]口volcanic vent火山穹隆 volcanic dome火山砂 volcanic sand 火山碎屑 pyroblast火山碎屑降落 tephrafall火山碎屑结构pyroclastic texture 火山碎屑流pyroclastic flow，ash flow火山碎屑岩pyroclastic rock火山碎屑锥pyroclastic（tephra)cone火山通道 volcanicfeeder(conduit)火山旋回 volcaniccycle火山学 volcanology 火山岩 volcanic rock 火山岩相 volcanic facies火山韵律 volcanicrhythm火山渣 cinder火山渣锥 cinder cone， scoria cone火山锥 volcanic cone 火山作用 volcanism 基性 basic基性岩 basic rock基质 groundmass，matrix集块岩 agglomerate 寄生火山锥 parasitic cone间粒结构intergranulartexture间隐结构 tholeiitictexture碱性辉长岩 essexite 碱性系列 alkaline碱性玄武岩 alkali basalt碱性岩 alkali rock 碱玄岩 tephrite溅落堤 spatter rampart溅落锥 spatter con 交织结构 pilotaxitic texture角斑岩 keratophyre 角闪石岩hornblendite接触晕 contact aureole结构 texture结晶指数crystallization index金伯利岩 kimberlite 晶洞构造 miarolitic structure晶屑（火山晶屑）crystal pyroclast科马提岩 komatiite 壳源[的] crust-derived苦橄岩 picrite块状构造 massive structure拉斑[玄武]结构intergranulartexture拉斑系列 tholeiitic series拉斑玄武岩 tholeiite 冷凝带 chill zone连续不等粒斑状结构seriate porphyritic texture裂隙式喷发 fissure鬣刺结构 spinifex texture磷霞岩 urtite流动构造 flow structure， fluidal structure流面构造 planar flow structure流纹结构 rhyotaxitic texture流纹岩 rhyolite流纹质 rhyolitic88流线构造 lilnearflow structure脉 vein幔源[的] mantle-derived镁铁质 mafic镁铁质岩 mafic rock 泥火山 mud volcano霓霞岩 ijolite凝灰结构 tuff texture， ashtexture凝灰岩 [lapilli]tuff喷出口 vent喷出相 extrusive facies喷出岩 extrusiverock喷发柱 eruption column破火山口 caldera气孔构造 vesicular潜火山相 subvolcanic facies潜火山岩 subvolcanic rock浅成侵入体 shallow intrusion浅成侵入岩hypabyssal intrusive facies浅成岩 hypabyssal rock浅色矿物 light-colored mineral浅色岩 leucocrate侵入接触 intrusive contact侵入体 intrusive body ， intrusion侵入岩 intrusive rock侵入作用 intrusion 球状构造 orbicular structure全晶质holocrystalline全自形粒状panidiomorphic granular熔结凝灰结构 welded tuff texture熔结凝灰岩 welded tuff，ignimbrite熔融 melting熔岩 lava熔岩泛流 lava flood 熔岩高原 lava plateau熔岩管道 lava tube 熔岩湖 lava lake熔岩流 lava flow熔岩喷泉 lava89熔岩穹隆 lava dome熔岩隧道 lava tunnel 熔岩席（熔岩被）lava sheet蠕虫结构 myrmekitic texture色率 color index闪长岩 diorite闪斜煌岩 spessartite 闪正煌岩 vgesite深成侵入体 pluton深成侵入相 plutonic intrusive facies深成岩 plutonic rock， plutonite深熔作用 anatexis绳状熔岩 pahoehoe lava，ropy lava石泡构造 lithophysa structure石英安山岩 quartz andesite石英斑岩 quartz porphyry石英粗安岩 quartz trachyandesite石英粗面岩 quartz trachyte石英二长岩 quartz monzonite石英闪长岩 quartz diorite实验岩石学experimental petrology反应系列 reaction series死火山 extinct松脂岩 pitchstone苏长岩 norite酸性的 acidic，silicic酸性岩 acidic rock他形粒状 xenomorphic granular，allotriomorphic granular碳酸岩 carbonatite填间结构 intersertal texture条纹结构 perthitic texture铁镁矿物 mafic mineral铁镁指数ferromagnesian index 同化[作用] assimilation同化混染与分离结晶[作用] assimilation and fractional crystallization （AFC）统计岩石学statisticalpetrology脱玻化[作用] devitrification90微晶 microlite围岩 country rock伟晶的 pegmatitic伟晶岩 pegmatite文象结构 graphic texture细碧岩 spilite细晶结构 aplitic细晶岩 aplite细粒的 fine-grained 霞石岩 nephilinite 霞石正长岩 nephilinesyenite霞斜岩 theralite陷落地震 collapse earthquake响岩 phonolite响岩结构 phonolitic texture斜长岩 anorthosite，plagioclasite斜方橄榄岩harzburgite杏仁构造amygdaloidal structure休眠火山 dormant volcano玄武安山岩 basaltic andesite玄武岩 basalt玄武质 basaltic岩鞍 phacolith岩层 layer岩床 sill岩盖 laccolith岩基 batholith岩浆 magma岩浆房 magma chamber， magmareservoir岩浆分异作用magmatic differentiation岩浆通道 magma岩浆作用 magmatism岩颈 neck岩脉 vein岩盆 lopolith岩墙 dyke， dike岩塞 plug岩省 rock province岩石成因论petrogenesis91岩石的产状occurrence of rocks 岩石化学petrochemistry岩石圈 lithosphere岩体 lithsome岩屑（火山岩屑）lithic pyroclast岩枝 apophysis岩株 stock颜色指数 color index 演化 evolution洋中脊 mid-ocean ridge液态不混溶作用liquid immiscibility 隐晶质cryptocrystalline英安岩 dacite英云闪长岩 tonalite 云煌岩 minette云斜煌岩 kersantite 渣块熔岩 a a lava粘度 viscosity珍珠岩 perlite枕状构造 pillow structure枕状熔岩 pillow lava 整合侵入体concordant intrusion 正长岩 syenite中色岩 mesocratic rock中心式喷发 central eruption中性 intermediate中性岩 intermediate rock柱状节理 columnar jointing紫苏花岗岩charnockite，hypersthene granite。
食品专业考研复试英语翻译及答案
1.nutrition ；biotin ；banana；vital；chronic2.mineral；orange；nutrition；apple；fat3.lipoprotein; staple；absorption；glass；sucrose4.toxic；soda water ；calcium；collagen；berry5.tomato；erosion；egg；protein；water6.distillation；fruit ；iron ；zinc；copper7.total acid；smoking；beef；honey；foodborne8.oats；barley；eggplant；water activity；quick-freezing9.sausage；mincing；composite；pea；melon10.onion；strawberry；amylase；tartness；lecithin11.mango；catalase；soy；vegetable；tentatively12.sauce；galactose；ice-cream；magnet；amino acid13.refreshment；potato；extraction；solid content；mineral matter14.enzyme；food；browning；cultivation；formula15.calories；meat product；food industry；sea food；watermelon16.nutrition；flavor；carbohydrate；fat；fructose17.protein；food；salting；fiber；oxidation18.meat；barley；chlorophyll；whey；respiration19.potato；flour；syrup；yogurt；homogenizationk；tofu；mineral；metabolism；glucose21.vitamin；fruit；vegetables；iron；foodborne22.eggs；cereal；distill；nourishment；chronic23.bread；tomato；food safety；lipid；biotin24.sausage；cheese；preservation；food additives；protein25.noodles；honey；amino acid；fermentation；antibiotic26.beef；soy；baking；gelatinization；enzyme；calorie27.tea；carrot；dairy product；filtration；reducing sugar28.pear；pea；nutrient；evaporation；heavy metal29.grape；cherry；quality；bechtop; fermenter30.sugar；sour；iron support；oven；pressing答案：1.营养；生物素；香蕉；生命的；长期的2.矿物质；橘子；营养的；苹果；脂肪3脂蛋白; 主要成分；吸收；玻璃；蔗糖4. 有毒的；苏打水；钙；胶原；浆果5. 番茄；腐蚀；蛋；蛋白质；水6. 蒸馏；水果；铁；锌；铜7. 总酸；熏制；牛肉；蜂蜜；食源性的8.燕麦片；大麦；茄子；水分活度；速冻9.香肠；切碎；合成的；豌豆；瓜10洋葱；草莓；淀粉酶；酸；蛋黄素11.芒果；过氧化氢酶；大豆；蔬菜；试验性的12.调味料；半乳糖；雪糕；磁铁；氨基酸13.保鲜；土豆；浸取；固形物；矿物质14.酶；食品；褐变；培菌；配方15.热量；肉制品；食品工业；水产品；西瓜16.营养；风味；碳水化合物；脂肪；果糖17.蛋白质；食品；盐渍；膳食纤维；氧化作用18.肉；大麦；叶绿素；乳清；呼吸作用19.马铃薯；面粉；糖浆；酸乳；均质20.乳；豆腐；矿物质；新陈代谢；葡萄糖21.维生素；水果；蔬菜；铁；食源性的22.鸡蛋；谷物；蒸馏；滋养品；慢性的23.面包；番茄；食品安全；脂类；生物素24.香肠；奶酪；保藏；食品添加剂；蛋白质25.面条；蜂蜜；氨基酸；发酵；抗生素26.牛肉；大豆；烘焙；糊化；酶；热量27.茶；胡萝卜；乳制品；过滤；还原糖28.梨；豌豆；营养素；蒸发；重金属29.葡萄；樱桃；质量；超净工作台；发酵罐30.白糖；酸；铁架台；烘箱；压榨句子翻译：1. Eat soy in moderation. Soybeans , tofu , and other soy-based foods are an excellent alternative to red meat. But don’t go overboard. Two to four servings a week is a good target.2. It is a common belief that the more fat you eat, the more body fat you put on,and the more weight you gain. This belief has been bolstered by much of the nutrition advice given to people over the past decade , which has focused on lowering total fat intake while increasing carbohydrate intake.3. Easily digested carbohydrates from white bread , white rice , pastries ,sugared sodas , and other highly processed foods may , indeed , contribute to weight gain and interfere with weight loss.4.A new system , called the glycemic index, aims to classify carbohydrates based on how quickly and how high they boost blood sugar compared to pure glucose. Foods with a high glycemic index , like white bread, cause rapid rise blood sugar.5. Dividing carbohydrates into simple and complex makes sense on a chemical level. But it doesn ’ t do much to explain what hap pens to different kinds of carbohydrates inside the body.6. This is a tall order for knowledge. Because processing affects both nutritional and esthetic values of food, knowledge of the changes that carbohydrates undergo during milling, cooking, dehydration, freezing, and storage is especially important.7. The “balance” of certain minerals with others is very important to health as well. For example, the balance of calcium to magnesium is important as these two forms the electrical battery that keeps the heart beating.8. Assessing mineral status is equal to determining how much of a mineral in our diet is too little, too much or just the right amount. Picture yourself as a medical doctorwho must render a decision for a person suspected of having a mineral deficiency. 9. Most balance studies are short-term and therefore have important limitations.To detect how the body adapts to different calcium intakes over a long period of time, and to get the big picture of overall bone strength, requires studies of longer duration.10. Many people may think, however fiber probably has little effect on colon cancer risk. But just because fiber plays little role in preventing colon cancer doesn’t mean you should abandon a high-fiber diet.11. The fiber in wheat bran and oat bran seems to be more effective than similar amounts of fiber from fruit and vegetables. Experts recommend increasing fiber intake gradually rather than suddenly.12. This keeps blood sugar and insulin levels from rising, then falling, too quickly. Better control of blood sugar and insulin can keep hunger and may prevent the development of type 2 diabetes.13. Dairy products have traditionally been Americans’ main source of calcium. But there are other healthy ways to get calcium than from milk and cheese , which can contain a lot of saturated fat.14. People with diabete, though, should probably limit themselves to no more than two or three eggs a week, as study found that for such individual, an egg a day might increase the risk for heart disease.15. In areas most of the straw is worked back into the soil. The grain harvested from cereals provides about three-quarters of our food energy. About half of our cereals are used as miscellaneous grains so we consume them indirectly as meat , eggs and milk.16. Malt is used in brewing and distillation, in which maltose is fermented by yeast to produce alcohol. Low protein barley is used to make beer and high protein barley is used to feed pigs and cattle.17. By modern electronics technology , grain condition monitoring system can real time detect grain condition during grain storage , analyze and forecast the data , put forward treatment suggestion and control measures on exceptional grain condition. 18.The ratio of the length and the width is used internationally to describe the shape and class of the variety. The other important aspect of length and width is uniformityall the grains in one ample must look the same.19. Innovating soy and cereal dishes is an important skill for vegetarians, who need to make sure they have a balanced source of protein in their diet because of the lack of meat.20. During the cooking process, the starch granules in the grain expand and amylose leaches from them. As the cooked rice cools, the leached amylose chains line up, lock together and form a gel参考答案：1.适度吃大豆。
地质翻译英语词汇大总结
地质翻译英语词汇大总结一、地层stratigraphy宇eonothem界erathem系system统series阶stage群group组formation段member显生宇Phaneozoic Eonothem元古宇ProterozoicEonothem太古宇Archaean Eonothem新生界Cenozoic Erathem第四系Quaternary System全新统Holocene Series更新统Pleistocene Series第三系Tertiary System晚第三系Neogene System上新统Pliocene Series中新统Miocene Series早第三系Paleogene System渐新统Oligocene Series始新统Eocene Series古新统Paleocene Series中生界Mesozoic Erathem白垩系Cretaceous System侏罗系Jurassic System三叠系triassic System古生界Paleozoic Erathem二叠系Permian System石炭系Carboniferous System泥盆系Devonian System志留系Silurian System奥陶系Ordovician System寒武系Cambrian System新元古界NeoproterozoicErathem 震旦系Sinian System中元古界Mesoproterozoic Erathem 古元古界PalaeoproterozoicErathem 地层对比stratigraphiccorrelation层位horizon标志层key bed哑层barren bed缺失lacuna尖灭feather edge透镜状结构lensoid连续continuity不连续discontinuity整合conformity不整合unconformity角度不整合angular unconformity 平行不整合para-unconformity产状occurrence走向strike倾角dip真倾角true dip视倾角apparent dip倾伏角plunge侧倾角pitch层理bedding层面bedding planes交错层理cross bedding二、岩性lithology粘土clay粉质粘土silty clay砂sand砾石gravel沉积岩sedimentaryrock火成岩igneousrock变质岩metamorphicrock粘土岩claystone, clay rock页岩shale泥岩mudstone粉砂岩siltstone泥质粉砂岩argillaceous siltstone,pelitic siltstone,muddy siltstone砂岩sandstone泥质砂岩argillaceous sandstone, pelitic sandstone, muddy sandstone 砾岩conglomerate煤coal灰岩limestone泥灰岩marl, marlstone白云岩dolomite蒸发岩evaporite岩浆岩magmatic rock, magmatite花岗岩granite玄武岩basalt大理岩marble片麻岩gneiss夕卡岩skarn三、矿物mineral石英quartz长石feldspar云母mica白云母muscovite 方解石calcspar角闪石hornblende 石膏gypsum硬石膏anhydrite 石盐rock salt钾石盐sylvine光卤石carnallite溢晶石tachydrite 水氯镁石bischofite四、颜色colour灰色gray白色white黄色yellow蓝色blue绿色green黑色black红色red棕色brown黄褐色tan浅色light暗色dull五、构造tectonics断层fault正断层normal fault逆断层reverse fault冲断层thrust走滑断层strike-slip fault 倾滑断层dip-slip fault 断层面fault surface断层线fault line地垒horst地堑graben节理joint上盘hanging wall下盘foot wall落差throw平错heave断层泥fault gouge断层角砾fault brecci海侵transgression海退regression褶曲fold背斜anticline向斜syncline褶轴fold axis轴隆区culmination轴陷区depression翼limb穹窿dome盆地basin六、水文地质hydrologic geology河流river水库reservoir泉spring地表水surface water地下水groundwater大气降水atmospheric precipitation潜水phreatic water承压水confined water层间水interstrated water地下水位groundwater level含水层aquifer, water bearing layer隔水层aquiclude, water-resistinglayer 弱含水层aquitard透水层permeable bed孔隙含水层porous aquifer裂隙含水层fissured aquifer岩溶含水层karst aquifer无压含水层unconfined aquifer承压含水层confined aquifer含水岩组water-bearingformation含水岩系water-bearing rock series持水度water-holding capacity给水度specific yield透水性permeability富水性water yield property溶洞karst cave孔隙水pore water裂隙水fissure water岩溶水karst water补给区recharge area径流区runoff area排泄区discharge area地下径流underground runoff地下水排泄groundwater discharge降水补给precipitation recharge地表水补给surface waterrecharge越流补给leakage recharge水文地质单元hydrogeological unit地下水赋存条件groundwater occurrence水文地质条件hydrogeological condition水文地质类型hydrogeological type地下水储存量groundwater storage地下水监测groundwatermonitoring抽水试验pumping test注水试验injection test入渗试验Infiltration test水文调查hydrologic investigation渗透系数osmoticcoefficient矿床充水flooding of ore deposit矿床充水条件flooding condition of oredeposit矿床充水水源Water source of ore depositflooding 矿床充水通道flooding passage in ore deposit充水岩层flooding layer老窿水goaf water矿坑涌水量water yield of mine正常涌水量normal water yield最大涌水量maximum water yield大井法Large diameter well method开采疏干simultaneousdraining in mining地下疏干underground draining地表疏干surfacedraining疏干钻孔drainwell疏干巷道drainingtunnel矿井突水water bursting in mines突水点water bursting point防水矿柱ore pillarpreventing water burst矿井堵水water blocking in mines探水钻孔water exploration borehole注浆孔grouting well最高洪水位maximum flood level七、工程地质egineering geology顶板roof顶板稳定性roof stability顶板冒落带caving zone of topwall顶板裂隙带fissure zone of topwall顶板管理roof control顶板支护roof support顶板崩落collapse of roof底板floor, footwall底鼓footwall heaving岩石物理性质physical propertiesof rock岩石力学性质mechanicalproperties of rock 抗压强度compressive strength抗拉强度tensilestrength岩爆rock burst软弱结构面weak structuralplane工程地质条件engineering geologiccondition八、环境地质environmental geology岩崩rock fall滑坡landslide泥石流mud-rock flow地震earthquake地面沉降subsidence地面开裂land crack地面塌陷ground surface collapse塌陷坑collapse pit地下水污染groundwater pollution地表水污染surface waterpollution污染源pollution source地下水资源枯竭groundwater resourcedepletion 地下水质恶化deterioration of groundwaterquality九、资源/储量resource/reserve矿产资源mineralresources储量reserves基础储量reserve base资源量resources可采储量proved reserves预可采储量probable reserves探明的measured控制的indicated推断的inferred预测的prognostic远景储量prospective reserves经济的economic边际经济的marginally economic 次经济的subeconomic内蕴经济的intrinsically economic 矿石ore矿层orebed矿床ore deposit矿块ore block矿柱ore pillar, ore column矿石品位ore grade富矿体ore shoot, orecourse贫矿poor ore。
地质英语
矿物一：自然金属类铜：copper金：gold铂：platinum硫：sulphur金刚石：diamond石墨：graphite铋：bismuth二：硫化物类方铅矿（PbS）：galena闪锌矿（ZnS）：sphalerite黄铜矿（CuFeS2）：chalcopyrite磁黄铁矿（Fe1-x S）：pyrrhotite红砷镍矿（NiAs）：niccolite铜蓝（CuS）：covellite辰砂（HgS）：cinnabar辉锑矿（Sb2S3）：stibnite辉铋矿（Bi2S3）：bismuthinite雌黄（As2S3）：orpiment雄黄（As4S4）：realgar辉钼矿（MoS2）：molybdenite斑铜矿（Cu5FeS4）：bornite辉铜矿（Cu2S）：chalcocite黄铁矿（Fe[S2]）：pyrite白铁矿（Fe[S2]）：marcasite毒砂（Fe[AsS]）：aresnopyrite 三：氧化物类赤铜矿（Cu2O）：cuprite刚玉（Al2O3）：corundum赤铁矿（Fe2O3）：hematite钛铁矿（FeTiO3）：ilmenite钙钛矿（CaTiO3）：perovskite金红石（TiO2）：rutile锡石（SnO2）：cassiterite软铁矿（MnO2）：pyolusite晶质铀矿（(Th,U)O2+x）：uraninite石英（SiO2）：quartz玉髓：chalcedon燧石：chert玛瑙：agate水晶：rcck crystal紫水晶：amethyst蔷薇水晶：rose quartz烟水晶：smoky quartz黄水晶：citrine乳石英：milky quartz蛋白石（SiO2·nH2O）：opal尖晶石（MgAl2O4）：spinel磁铁矿（Fe3O4）：magnetite铬铁矿（FeCr2O4）：chromite黑钨矿（(Mn,Fe)WO4）：wolframite 四：氢氧化物类水镁石（Mg(OH)2）：brucite铝土矿：bauxite三水铝石（Al(OH)3）：gibbsite褐铁矿：limonite水锰矿（MnO(OH)）：manganite硬锰矿：psilomelane五：硅酸盐类①：岛状、链状结构硅酸盐锆石（Zr[SiO4]）：zircon橄榄石（(Mg,Fe)2[SiO4]）：olivine石榴子石：gqarnet红柱石（Al2[SiO4]O）：andalusite蓝晶石（Al2[SiO4]O）：kyanite;disthene黄玉（Al[SiO4](F,OH)2）：topaz十字石（Fe(OH)2+2Al2[SiO4]O）：staurolite榍石（CaTi[SiO4]O）：sphene;titanite绿帘石：epidote绿柱石(Be3Al2[Si6O18])：beryl堇青石（(Mg,Fe)2Al3[AlSi5O18]）：cordierite电气石：tourmaline②：链状结构硅酸盐顽火辉石（Mg2[Si2O6]）：enstatite紫苏辉石（(Mg,Fe)2[Si2O6]）：hypersthene 透辉石（CaMg[Si2O6]）：diopside钙铁辉石（CaFe[Si2O6]）：hedenbergite普通辉石：augite硬玉（NaAl[Si2O6]）：jadeite锂辉石（LiAl[Si2O6]）：spodumene霓石(NaFe3+[Si2O6])：aegirine硅灰石（Ca3[Si3O9]）：wollastonite直闪石：anthophylrte透闪石：tremolite阳起石：actinolite普通角闪石：hornblende蓝闪石：glaucophane矽线石（Al[AlSiO5]）：sillimanite③：层状结构硅酸盐高岭石（Al4[Si4O10](OH)8）：kaolinite蛇纹石（Mg6[Si4O10](OH)8）：serpentine白云母：muscovite黑云母：biotite金云母：phlogopite锂云母：lepidolite滑石（Mg3[Si4O10](OH)2）：talc叶蜡石：pyrophyllite蒙脱石：montmorillonite蛭石：vermiculite绿泥石：chlorite④：架状结构硅酸盐透长石：sanidine正长石：orthoclase微斜长石：microcline冰长石：adularia天河石：amazonite条纹长石：perthite月光石：moonstone歪长石：anorthoclase斜长石：plagioclase钠长石：albite更长石：oligoclase中长石：andesine拉长石：labradorite培长石：bytownite钙长石：anorthite拉长石：labradorite日光石：sunstone白榴石：leucite霞石：nepheline丝光沸石;mordenite方沸石：analcite片沸石：heulandite钙十字沸石：phillipsite菱沸石：chabazite六：碳酸盐类方解石（CaCO3）：calcite菱镁石（MgCO3）：magnesite凌铁石（FeCO3）：siderite白云石（CaMg[CO3]2）：dolomite文石（CaCO3）：aragonite孔雀石（Cu2[CO3](OH)2：malachite蓝铜矿（Cu3[CO3]2(OH)2）：azruite 七：其他盐类重晶石（BaSO4）：barite天青石（SrSO4）：celestite石膏(CaSO4·2H2O)：gypsum硬石膏（CaSO4）：anhydrite磷灰石：apatite白钨矿（Ca[WO4]）：scheelite硼镁铁矿：ludwigite岩浆岩一：概况岩浆岩：magmatic rock喷出岩：extrusive rock火成岩：igneous rock侵入岩：intrusive rock岩浆：magma原生岩浆：primary magma岩浆房：magma chamber密度：density粘度：viscosity分异作用：differentitation同化混染作用：assimilation混合作用：mixing二：结构、构造①：结构：texture全晶质结构：holocrystalline texture半晶质结构：hypocrystalline texture玻璃质结构：hyaline texture隐晶质结构：cryptocrystalline texture粗粒结构：coarse grained tecture中粒结构：medium grained tecture细粒结构：fine grained tecture微粒结构：microgranular texture等粒结构：equigranular texture不等粒结构：inequigranular texture斑状结构：porphyritic texture溶蚀结构：resorption texture似斑状结构：prophyraceous texture自形粒状结构：euhedral-granular texture半自形粒状结构：hypidiomorphic granular texture他形粒状结构：xenomorphic granular texture条纹结构：perthitic texture文象结构：graphic texture蠕虫结构：myrmekitic texture反应边结构：reaction rim texture环带结构：zoned texture包含结构：poikilitic texture填隙结构：interstitic texture交织结构：pilotaxitic texture粗面结构：trachytic texture②：构造：structure块状构造：massive structure条带状构造：斑杂构造：气孔构造：vesicular structure杏仁构造：amygdaloidal structure流动构造：flow structure流纹构造：球状节理：柱状节理：枕状构造：pillow structure层状构造：bedded structure三：产状①：侵入岩产状浅成相：epizone中深成相：mesozone深成相：catazone岩基：batholith岩株：stock岩盆：lopolith岩床：sill岩墙：dike②：火山岩产状火山锥：volcanic cone熔岩流：lava flow盾形火山：shield lava绳状熔岩：pahoehoe lava火山颈：volcanic rock次火山岩：sub-volcanic rock四：各论超基性岩浆：ultrabasic magma基性岩浆：basic magma玄武岩浆：basaltic magma中性岩浆：intermediate magma安山岩浆：andesite magma酸性岩浆：acidic magma花岗岩浆：granitic magma玄武岩：basalt安山岩：andesite流纹岩：liparite花岗岩：granite伟晶岩：pegmatite沉积岩一：概论残积物：residual sediments沉积物：deposit沉积岩：sedimentary rock他生矿物：allogenic mineral继承矿物：inherital mineral自生矿物：authigenic mineral氧化色：oxidized colour还原色：reduced colour二：沉积构造：sedimentary structure ①：物理成因构造层理：bedding水平层理：horizontal bedding平行层理：parallel bedding交错层理：cross-bedding脉状层理：flaser bedding透镜状层理：lenticular bedding粒序层理：grading bedding快状层理：massive badding冲刷构造：scour structure冲刷痕：scour marks印模：cast;mold泥裂：mudcrack干裂：desiccation crack雨痕：raindrop print雹痕：hail print②：生物成因构造生物扰动构造：bioturbation structure叠层构造：stromatolitic structure ③：化学成因构造晶痕：crystal print假晶：pseudocrystal鸟眼构造：birdseye structure结核：concretion。
最新地质专业英文翻译精选1
地质专业英文翻译精选1a horizon a 层位a lineation a 线理a twin a 双晶aa lava 块熔岩aalenian stage 阿林阶abandon 废弃abandoned mine 废弃的矿山abandoned well 废孔abatis 通风隔墙abdomen 腹部abdominal appendage 腹肢abdominal cavity 腹腔abdominal fin 腹abductor 外展肌abductor muscle 外展肌abernathyite 水砷钾铀矿aberration 象差abichite 光线矿abiogenesis 自然发生abiogeny 自然发生abiotic factor 非生物因素ablation 剥蚀ablation breccia 剥蚀角砾岩ablation moraine 消融碛ablation skin 熔蚀皮ablation till 消融碛ablykite 阿布石abnormal 异常的abnormal interference color异常干涉色abnormal metamorphism 异常变质作用abolition 废除abrade 剥蚀abrasion 海蚀abrasion platform 磨蚀台地abrasion surface 浪蚀面abrasion terrace 磨蚀阶地abrasionn test 磨耗试验abrasive 磨料;海蚀的abrazite 多水高岭土absarokite 正边玄武岩absite 钍钛铀矿absolute age 绝对年龄absolute black body 绝对黑体absolute chronology 绝对年代学absolute dating 绝对年代测定absolute geopotential 绝对重力势absolute porosity 绝对孔隙率absolute pressure 绝对压力absolute structure 绝对构造absorbed water 吸附水absorbent 吸收剂absorber 吸收器absorbing well 吸水井absorption 吸收absorption axis 吸收轴absorption border 融蚀缘absorption curve 吸收曲线absorption edge 吸收端absorption factor 吸收率absorption spectrum 吸收光谱absorptive capacity 吸收率absorptivity 吸收性abukumalite 铋磷灰石abundance 丰度abundance of elements 元素丰度abundance of isotopes 同位素丰度abundance ratio of isotopes 同位素相对丰度abysmal deposits 深海沉积物abyss 深海abyssal 深海的abyssal benthic zone 深渊底栖带abyssal deposits 深海沉积物abyssal facies 深海相abyssal hills province 深海丘陵区abyssal injection 深成贯入abyssal rock 深成岩abyssal sediments 深海沉积物acadialite 红菱沸石acadian stage 阿卡德阶acalycine 无花萼的acalycinous 无花萼的acanthite 螺状硫银矿acanthoid 刺状的acaulescent 无茎的acaulous 无茎的acaustobiolite 非燃性生物岩accelerated development 上升发育acceleration 促进accelerometer 加速度计accessory 副的accessory ejecta 早成同源抛出物accessory minerals 副矿物accidental ejecta 异源抛出物accidental inclusion 外源包体accidental species 偶见种accidental xenolith 外源包体acclivity 上坡accompanying mineral 伴生矿物accordance of summit levels 山峰高度一致accordant junction 交合汇流accordion fold 棱角褶皱accretion 附加体accretion gley 结核潜育层accretion theory 吸积理论accretionary lapilli 团积火山砾accumulate 堆积accumulated temperature 积温accumulation 堆积accumulation horizon 聚积层accumulation moraine 堆积冰碛accumulation terrace 堆积阶地accumulation theory of volcano 火山堆积说accumulation till 堆积冰碛accumulative phase 堆积相accuracy 准确度acephalous 无头的acephalous larva 无头幼虫acerous 针状的acetate 醋酸盐acetic acid 醋酸acf diagram acf 图解achavalite 硒铁矿achiardite 坏晶石achirite 透视石achlamydeous 无花被的achlusite 钠滑石achondrite 无球粒陨石achroite 无色电气石achromaite 浅闪石achromatic body 消色物体achromatic lens 消色差透镜achromatism 消色差achromatize 消色acicular 针状的aciculiform 针状的acid base equilibrium 酸碱平衡acid earth 酸性白土acid humus 酸性腐殖质acid mine drainage 酸性矿水排水acid plagioclase 酸性斜长石acid rock 酸性岩acid soil 酸性土acid solution 酸性溶液acid spring 酸性泉acid treatment of oil payzone 油层酸处理acid treatment of well 井的酸处理acidic lava 酸性熔岩acidification 酸化acidimetry 酸量滴定法acidite 酸性岩acidity 酸度acidizing of well 井的酸处理acidophilous plants 适酸植物acidotrophic lake 酸性营养湖acidulation 酸化acline twin 翻底双晶acmite 锥辉石acotyledon 无子叶植物acotyledonous 无子叶的acoustic basement 声波基底acoustic foundation 声波基底acoustic logging 声波测井acquired character 获得形质acre foot 英亩英尺acrobatholithic 露岩基的acrochordite 球砷锰矿acrospore 顶生孢子actinides 锕系元素actinium 锕actinolite 阳起石actinolite asbestos 阳起石石棉actinolite schist 阳起片岩actinolitic greenschist facies 阳起绿色片岩相actinometer 日射表actinometry 光化测定actinomorphic 辐射对称的actinomorphous 辐射对称的actinomyces 放线菌类actinostele 星状中柱actinouranium 锕铀actinula 辐射幼虫activated adsorption 活化吸附activated carbon 活性炭activated clay 活化粘土activated complex 活化络合物activated water 活化水activation 活化activation analysis 活化分析activation cross section 活化截面activation energy 活化能activation logging 活化测井activation method 活化法activation of platform 地台活化activator 活化剂active fault 活断层active folding 活褶曲作用active glacier 活动冰川active humus 活性腐殖质active hydrogen 活性氢active plate 移动板块active remote sensing 织式遥感active tectonic pattern 活动构造型式active volcano 活火山active water 侵蚀性水activity 活度activity coefficient 活度系数activization 活化作用activization platform block 活化台块actual reserves 实在储藏量actual volume 实际容积actualily 真实actualism 现实论actuopalaeontology 现实古生物学acute 急尖的acute bisectrix 锐角等分线acutifoliate 尖叶的adamant 硬石adamantine 坚硬的adamantine lustre 金刚光泽adamantine spar 刚玉adamellite 石英二长岩adamine 水砷锌矿adamite 水砷锌矿adamsite 暗绿云母adaptability 适应性adaptation 适应adaptive radiation 适应辐射adcumulate 累积岩addition 添加additional phase 加成相adductor 收肌adductor muscle scar 收肌筋痕adelite 砷钙镁石adelogenic 显衡隐晶质的adelpholite 铌铁锰矿adenoid 腺样的adergneiss 脉状片麻岩adhering 粘附性的;附着adhesion 粘附adhesive disk 吸盘adhesiveness 胶糟性adiabat 绝热线adiabatic cooling 绝热冷却adiabatic curve 绝热线adiabatic equilibrium 绝热平衡adiabatic heating 绝热增温adiabatic lapse rate 绝热温度梯度adiabatic process 绝热过程adiabatic state 绝热状态adiabatic temperature gradient 绝热温度梯度adiagnostic 隐微晶质的adigeite 镁蛇纹石adinole 钠长英板岩adipocerite 伟晶腊石adipocire 伟晶腊石adipose cell 脂细胞adit 平峒adjacent rock 围岩adjacent sea 边缘海adjoining rock 围岩adjustment 蝶admimistration 管理admission 收气adobe 灰质粘土adoral 口侧的adsorbent 吸附剂adsorbing material 吸附剂adsorption 吸附adsorption indicator 吸附指示剂adsorptive capacity 吸附能力adular 冰长石adularia 冰长石adult 成体advance 前进adventitious plants 外来植物adventive crater 寄生火口adventive volcano 寄生火山aecidiospore 锈孢子aeciospore 锈孢子aegirine 霓石aegirine augite 霓辉石aegirite 霓石aenigmatite 三斜闪石aeolian clastics 风成碎屑岩aeolian deposit 风积aeolian landform 风成地形aeolian soil 风积土aeration 充气aeration tissue 通气组织aeration zone 饱气带aerenchyma 通气组织aerial method of geology 航空地质甸方法aerial photography 航空摄影学aerial ropeway 架空死aerial survey 航空测量aerial triangulation 航空三角测量aerify 使呈气态aerobe 需气生物aerocartograph 航空测图仪aerogenous rock 风成岩aerogeography 航空地理学aerogeology 航空地质学aerolite 石陨石aerolith 石陨石aeromagnetic survey 航空磁测aerophotogeological map 航空摄影地质图aerophotogrammetry 航空摄影测量学aerophotography 航空摄影学aerophotography of geology 地质专业航空摄影aeroplankton 大气浮游生物aeroradioactive survey 航空放射性测量aerosiderite 铁陨石aerosiderolite 铁石陨石aerosite 深红银矿aerugite 块砷镍矿aeschynite 易解石affiliation 亲缘关系affine deformation 均匀变形affinity 亲和力afflux 汇入after deep 后渊aftereffect 后效aftershock 余震afwillite 桂硅钙石agalite 纤滑石agalmatolite 寿山石agamogony 无配子生殖agate 玛瑙age 龄期age determination 时代鉴定age of cycads 苏铁植物时代age spectra 年龄谱ageing of colloids 胶体熟化agent of erosion 侵蚀力agents of metamorphism 变质营力ageostrophic wind 非地转风agglomerate 集块岩agglomerate lava 集块熔岩agglomeratic 集块岩状的agglomeration 烧结agglutinate 粘合集块岩agglutination 胶着agglutinin 凝集素aggradation 加积aggradation terrace 堆积阶地aggradational plain 堆积平原aggregate 集合体aggregation 聚集aggressive water 侵进水agitation 搅拌agmatite 角砾混合岩agnatha 无颌类agnolite 红硅钙锰矿agnotozoic era 元古代agpaite 钠质火成岩agreement 协议agricolite 闪铋矿agricultural geology 农业地质学agricultural geomorphology 农业地貌学agroforestrial geology 农林地质学agrogeology 农业地质学agrohydrologg 农业水文学aguilarite 辉硒银矿aidyrlite 杂硅铝镍矿aikinite 针硫铋铅矿air borne radioactivity 大气放射性air chamber 气室air compressor 空气压缩机air damping 空气制动air drilling 空气钻进air drying 风干air elutriation 空气淘析air flush drilling 空气冲洗钻井air gun 空气枪air hammer 气锤air lift 气动提升机air permeability 透气性air pressure 空气压力air release valve 放气阀air sac 气囊air separating tank 空气分离罐air separator 气力分离器air shrinkage 空气收缩air vent 排气孔air volcano 气火山airborne electromagnetic method 航空电磁法airborne electromagnetics 航空电磁法airborne magnetic prospecting 航空磁法勘探airborne magnetometer 航空地磁仪airborne remote sensing 航空遥感airborne survey 航空甸airial camera 航空摄影机airview 空瞰图airy phase 艾氏相airy's spiral 艾氏螺旋akaustobiolite 非燃性生物岩akaustobiolith 非燃性生物岩akerite 英辉正长岩akermanite 镁黄长石akf diagram akf图解akinete 厚壁孢子akrochordite 球砷锰矿aksaite 阿氏硼镁石ala twin 轴双晶alabandine 硫锰矿alabandite 硫锰矿alabaster 雪花石膏alabastrite 雪花石膏alamosite 铅灰石alar 翼状的alary 翼状的alaskaite 铅泡铋矿alaskite 白岗岩alate 有翼的albedo 反照率albers' equal area projection 亚尔勃斯等积投影albertite 黑沥青albian 阿尔布阶albian stage 阿尔布阶albite 钠长石albite twin 钠长石双晶albitite 钠长石玢岩albitization 钠长石化albitophyre 钠长斑岩alboranite 紫苏变玄岩aleurolite 粉砂岩aleuropelitic 粉砂泥的aleutite 易辉安山岩alexandrite 翠绿宝石algae 藻类algae control 藻类控制algal ball 海藻饼algal biscuit 海藻饼algal coal 藻煤algal fungi 藻菌类algal limestone 藻灰岩algal reef 藻礁algal structure 藻结构alginite 藻类体algodonite 微晶砷铜矿algology 藻类学algonkian 阿尔冈纪algonkian system 阿尔冈系algovite 辉斜岩aliphatic compound 脂族化合物alizarin 二羟蒽醌alkali 碱alkali alumina metasomatism 碱氧化铝交代alkali basaet 碱性玄武岩alkali earth metal 碱土金属alkali feldspar 碱性长石alkali flat 碱覆盖坪alkali gabbro 碱性辉长岩alkali granti 碱性花岗岩alkali lime index 碱灰质指数alkali metal 碱金属alkali olivine basalt 碱性橄榄玄武岩alkali pyroxene 碱性辉石alkali rock series 碱性岩系alkali soil 碱土alkali syenit 碱性正长岩alkalic rock 硷性岩alkalic ultrabasic rock 碱超基性岩alkalify 碱化alkalimetry 碱量滴定法alkaline amphibolization 碱性角闪石化alkaline earth 碱土族alkaline earth metal 碱土金属alkaline metasomatism 碱性交代作用alkaline pyroxenization 碱性辉石化alkaline rock 硷性岩alkaline rocks 碱性岩类alkaline soil 碱性土alkaline solution 碱性溶液alkaline spring 碱泉alkalipicrite 碱性苦橄岩alkalitrophic lake 碱液营养湖alkalization 碱化作用alkalize 碱化alkaloid 生物碱alkanes 链烷烃allactite 砷水锰矿allagite 绿蔷薇辉石allalinite 浊变辉长岩allanite 褐帘石alleghanyite 粒硅锰矿allemontite 砷锑矿allite 铝铁土allivalite 橄榄钙长岩allobar 变压区allocation 分配allochemical metamorphism 异化变质allochetite 霞辉二长斑岩allochroite 粒榴石allochromatic colour 假色allochromatism 假色allochthone 移置岩体allochthonous 外来的allochthonous coal 异地生成煤allochthonous deposit 移积allochthonous fold 移置性褶曲allochthonous limestone 移置灰岩alloclastic breccia 火山碎屑角砾岩allogenic 他生的allogenic element 他生元素allogenic mineral 他生矿物allogenic succession 他生演替allomerism 异质同晶现象allometamorphism 他变作用allometry 异速生长allomigmatite 他混合岩allomorph 同质异形的allomorphism 同质异晶allomorphous 同质异形的allopalladium 硒钯矿allopatric polymorphism 同质多形allophane 水铝英石allophase metamorphism 他相变质alloskarn 外成夕卡岩allothigenic 他生的allothigenous 他生的allotriomorphic 他形的allotriomorphic granular texture 他形晶粒状结构allotriomorphic structure 他形构造allotriomorphic texture 他形结构allotrope 同素异形体allotropic modification 同素异形体allotropic transformation 同素异晶变化allotropism 同素异形allotropy 同素异形allotype 异模式标本alloy 合金alluvial 冲积的alluvial apron 山麓冲积扇alluvial channel 冲积河道alluvial cone 冲积锥alluvial deposit 冲积层alluvial fan 冲积扇alluvial fan deposit 冲积扇层alluvial ore deposit 冲积矿床alluvial placer 冲积砂矿床alluvial plain 冲积平原alluvial sand ripples 河成砂纹alluvial sand wave 河成沙波alluvial soil 冲积土alluvial terrace 冲积阶地alluvial veneer 冲积表层alluviation 冲积alluvion 冲积层alluvium 冲积层almandine 铁铝榴石almandite 铁铝榴石alnico 铝镍钴合金alnoite 黄长煌斑岩alp 高山alpha quartz 石英alpha ray spectrometer 能谱仪alphitite 岩粉土alpides 阿尔卑斯造山带alpine animals 高山动物alpine belt 高山带alpine orogeny 阿尔卑斯造山运动alpine type peridotite 阿尔卑斯式橄榄岩alpine type vein 阿尔卑斯型矿脉alpinotype orogeny 阿尔卑斯型造山作用alpinotype tectonics 阿尔卑斯型构造alsbachite 榴云细斑岩alstonite 碳碱钙钡矿altaite 碲铅矿altar 腋生的altazimuth 经纬仪alteration 蚀变alteration halo 蚀变晕alteration zone 蚀变晕altered aureole 蚀变晕altered mineral 蚀变矿物alternant 交替的alternate phyllotaxis 互生叶序alternately pinnate 互生羽状的alternating 交替alternating layers 互层alternation 互层alternation of beds 互层alternation of generations 世代交替alternative 可选择的altimeter 高度计altitude 高度altitudinal zonality 垂直分布带alum 茂alum shale 茂页岩alum slate 茂板岩alumian 无水矾石alumina 矾土aluminate 铝酸盐aluminite 矾石aluminum 铝alumochromite 铝铬铁矿alunite 茂石alunitization 茂石化alunogen 毛矾石alurgite 锰云母alveolar 蜂窝状alvite 铪锆石amagmatic 非岩浆活动的amalgam 汞齐amalgamation 混汞作用amarantite 红铁矾amazonite 天河石amazonitization 天河石化ambatoarinite 碳酸锶铈矿amber 钙铝榴石amberite 灰黄琥珀ambient 外界的ambiguity 多义性amblygonite 磷铝石ambrite 灰黄琥珀ambulacral foot 管足ambulacral system 步带系ambularcral zone 步带ameba 变形虫amendment 修正;校正americium 镅amesite 镁绿泥石ametaboly 无变态amethyst 紫水晶amherstite 反条正长闪长岩amianthus 石棉amino acid metabolism 氨基酸代谢aminobenzoic acid 氨基苯酸ammonioborite 水铵硼石ammonites 菊石类amorphous 非晶质的amorphous graphite 无定型石墨amorphous silica 无定形硅氧amosite 铁石棉amount 总计amount of evaporation 蒸发量amount of precipitation 降水量amount of throw 纵距ampangabeit 铌链铁铀矿ampelite 黄铁炭质页岩amphibia 两栖类amphibious plants 两栖植物amphibole 闪石amphibolite 闪岩amphibolite facies 角闪岩相amphibolization 闪石化作用amphigene 白榴石amphigenite 白榴熔岩amphiprotic 两性的ampholyte 两性电解质amphoteric 两性的amphoteric electrolyte 两性电解质amphoteric element 两性元素amphoteric ion 两性离子amphoteric oxide 两性氧化物amphoterite 无粒古橄陨石amplexicaul 抱茎的amplifier for photocurrents 光电僚大器amplitude 振幅amplitude correction 振幅校正amplitude spectrum 振幅谱amygdale 杏仁孔amygdaloid 杏仁岩amygdaloidal 杏仁状的amygdaloidal structure 杏仁状构造amygdule 杏仁孔anabatic wind 谷风anabolism 合成代谢anaboly 后加演化anaclinal 逆向的anadiagenesis 前进成岩作用anaerobe 厌气微生物anaerobic bacteria 嫌气细菌anaerobiosis 嫌气生活anagenesis 前进演化anal fin 臀鳍anal gland 肛腺analbite 单斜钠长石analcime 方沸石analcimite 方沸岩analcimolith 方沸岩analcite 方沸石analog 相似体analogous organ 同功瀑analogue 相似体analogy 类似analysis by sedimentation 沉积分析analytic standard 分析标准analytical balance 分析天平anamesite 中粒玄武岩anamigmatism 深溶混合岩化anamorphic zone 合成变质带anamorphism 合成变质anapaite 三斜磷钙铁矿anaseism 背震中anastomose 网结anastrophen 倒装法anatase 锐钛矿anatectic magma 深熔岩浆anatectite 深熔混合岩anatexis 深熔作用anauxite 富硅高岭石anchieutectic 近底共融的anchimetamorphism 近变质作用anchimonomineralic 近单矿物的anchor ice 底冰ancient channel 古河道ancient elephant 古大象ancient landform 古地形ancylite 菱锶铬矿andalusite 红柱石andersonite 水碳钠钙铀矿andesine 中长石andesite 安山岩andesite line 安山岩线andorite 锑铅银矿andradite 钙铁榴石anemoclastics 风成碎屑岩anemophilous plant 风媒植物anemophily 风媒anemousite 三斜霞石angara flora 安加拉植物群angara shield 安加拉古陆angaraland 安加拉古陆angarides 安加拉古陆angiospermous 被子的angiosperms 被子植物angle of contact 接触角angle of draw 陷落角angle of incidence 入射角angle of inclination 倾斜角angle of internal friction 内摩擦角angle of reflection 反射角angle of refraction 折射角angle of repose 休止角angle of strike 走向角度angle of subsidence 陷落角anglesite 硫酸铅矿angrite 钛辉无球粒陨石angular 有角的angular discordance 斜交不整合angular unconformity 钭文不整合angularity 有角angustifoliate 狭叶的anhedral 他形的anhydration 脱水anhydride 无水物anhydrite 硬石膏anhydrite formation 硬石膏层anhysteretic remanent magnetiazation 非滞后剩余磁化animal charcoal 动物煤animal debris 动物残余animal theory 动物成因论animikie system 安尼迷基系animikite 铅银砷镍矿anisian 安尼阶anisodesmic structure 蛤稳变异构造anisometric 非等轴的anisophyllous 不等叶的anisotrophism 蛤异性anisotropic 非均质的anisotropic fabric 蛤异性组构anisotropy 蛤异性anisotropy of crystals 晶体蛤异性ankaramite 钭长辉石岩ankaratrite 橄霞玄武岩ankerite 铁白云石anna aannabergite 镍华annealing recrystallization 退火重结晶作用annelids 环节动物annerodite 铌钇铀矿annite 羟铁云母annivite 铋铜矿annual 年刊annual amount of precipitation 年降水量annual plant 一年生植物annual ring 年轮annular 环状的annulation 环annulus 体环anomalous electric field 异常电场anomalous extinction 异常消光anomalous interference color 异常干涉色anomalous lead 异常铅anomalous upheaval 异常隆起anomaly 异常anomite 褐云母anonymous 不具名的anorogenic period 非造山期anorogenic time 非造山期anorthite 钙长石anorthitite 钙长岩anorthoclase 歪长石anorthosite 斜长岩antagonism 对抗作用antarctic 南极antarctica 南极大陆antecedent 先行的antecedent precipitation index 前期降雨指标antecedent river 先成河antecedent valley 先成谷anteclise 台背斜antegenetic river 原生河antenna 触角antennule 第一触角anther 药antheridium 精子囊antholite 直闪石anthophyllite 直闪石anthozoa 珊烘类anthracite 无烟煤anthracite coal 无烟煤anthraconite 沥青灰岩anthraxolite 碳沥青anthraxylon 纯木煤anthropogenic factor 人为因素anthropogeography 人类地理学anthropoid 类人猿anthropoid apes ape 类人猿anthropology 人类学anthropophyte 人为植物anthropostratigraphy 人类地层学antibonding electron 反键电子anticathode 对阴极anticlinal 背钭的anticlinal axis 背斜轴anticlinal bend 背斜弯曲anticlinal dome 背斜隆起anticlinal fault 背斜断层。
食品专业考研复试英语翻译及答案
食品专业考研复试英语翻译及答案1.nutrition ；biotin ；banana；vital；chronic2.mineral；orange；nutrition；apple；fat3.lipoprotein; staple；absorption；glass；sucrose4.toxic；soda water ；calcium；collagen；berry5.tomato；erosion；egg；protein；water6.distillation；fruit ；iron ；zinc；copper7.total acid；smoking；beef；honey；foodborne8.oats；barley；eggplant；water activity；quick-freezing9.sausage；mincing；composite；pea；melon10.onion；strawberry；amylase；tartness；lecithin11.mango；catalase；soy；vegetable；tentatively12.sauce；galactose；ice-cream；magnet；amino acid13.refreshment；potato；extraction；solid content；mineral matter14.enzyme；food；browning；cultivation；formula15.calories；meat product；food industry；sea food；watermelon16.nutrition；flavor；carbohydrate；fat；fructose17.protein；food；salting；fiber；oxidation18.meat；barley；chlorophyll；whey；respiration19.potato；flour；syrup；yogurt；homogenization/doc/7a14484988.html,k；tofu；mineral；metabolism；glucose21.vitamin；fruit；vegetables；iron；foodborne22.eggs；cereal；distill；nourishment；chronic23.bread；tomato；food safety；lipid；biotin24.sausage；cheese；preservation；food additives；protein25.noodles；honey；amino acid；fermentation；antibiotic26.beef；soy；baking；gelatinization；enzyme；calorie27.tea；carrot；dairy product；filtration；reducing sugar28.pear；pea；nutrient；evaporation；heavy metal29.grape；cherry；quality；bechtop; fermenter30.sugar；sour；iron support；oven；pressing答案：1.营养；生物素；香蕉；生命的；长期的2.矿物质；橘子；营养的；苹果；脂肪3脂蛋白; 主要成分；吸收；玻璃；蔗糖4. 有毒的；苏打水；钙；胶原；浆果5. 番茄；腐蚀；蛋；蛋白质；水6. 蒸馏；水果；铁；锌；铜7. 总酸；熏制；牛肉；蜂蜜；食源性的8.燕麦片；大麦；茄子；水分活度；速冻9.香肠；切碎；合成的；豌豆；瓜10洋葱；草莓；淀粉酶；酸；蛋黄素11.芒果；过氧化氢酶；大豆；蔬菜；试验性的12.调味料；半乳糖；雪糕；磁铁；氨基酸13.保鲜；土豆；浸取；固形物；矿物质14.酶；食品；褐变；培菌；配方15.热量；肉制品；食品工业；水产品；西瓜16.营养；风味；碳水化合物；脂肪；果糖17.蛋白质；食品；盐渍；膳食纤维；氧化作用18.肉；大麦；叶绿素；乳清；呼吸作用19.马铃薯；面粉；糖浆；酸乳；均质20.乳；豆腐；矿物质；新陈代谢；葡萄糖21.维生素；水果；蔬菜；铁；食源性的22.鸡蛋；谷物；蒸馏；滋养品；慢性的23.面包；番茄；食品安全；脂类；生物素24.香肠；奶酪；保藏；食品添加剂；蛋白质25.面条；蜂蜜；氨基酸；发酵；抗生素26.牛肉；大豆；烘焙；糊化；酶；热量27.茶；胡萝卜；乳制品；过滤；还原糖28.梨；豌豆；营养素；蒸发；重金属29.葡萄；樱桃；质量；超净工作台；发酵罐30.白糖；酸；铁架台；烘箱；压榨句子翻译：1. Eat soy in moderation. Soybeans , tofu , and other soy-based foods are an excellent alternative to red meat. But don’t go overboard. Two to four servings a week is a good target.2. It is a common belief that the more fat you eat, the more body fat you put on,and the more weight you gain. This belief has been bolstered by much of the nutrition advice given to people over the past decade , which has focused on lowering total fat intake while increasing carbohydrate intake.3. Easily digested carbohydrates from white bread , white rice , pastries ,sugared sodas , and other highly processed foods may , indeed , contribute to weight gain and interfere with weight loss.4.A new system , called the glycemic index, aims to classify carbohydrates based on how quickly and how high they boost blood sugar compared to pure glucose. Foods with a high glycemic index , like white bread, cause rapid rise blood sugar.5. Dividing carbohydrates into simple and complex makes sense on a chem ical level. But it doesn ’ t do much to explain what hap pens to different kinds of carbohydrates inside the body.6. This is a tall order for knowledge. Because processing affects both nutritional and esthetic values of food, knowledge of the changes that carbohydrates undergo during milling,cooking, dehydration, freezing, and storage is especially important.7. The “balance” of certain minerals with others is very important to health as well. For example, the balance of calcium to magnesium is important as these two forms the electrical battery that keeps the heart beating.8. Assessing mineral status is equal to determining how much of a mineral in our diet is too little, too much or just the right amount. Picture yourself as a medical doctorwho must render a decision for a person suspected of having a mineral deficiency. 9. Most balance studies are short-term and therefore have important limitations.To detect how the body adapts to different calcium intakes over a long period of time, and to get the big picture of overall bone strength, requires studies of longer duration.10. Many people may think, however fiber probably has little effect on colon cancer risk. But just because fiber plays little role in preventing colon cancer doesn’t mean you should abandona high-fiber diet.11. The fiber in wheat bran and oat bran seems to be more effective than similar amounts of fiber from fruit and vegetables. Experts recommend increasing fiber intake gradually rather than suddenly.12. This keeps blood sugar and insulin levels from rising, then falling, too quickly. Better control of blood sugar and insulin can keep hunger and may prevent the development of type 2 diabetes.13. Dairy products have traditionally been Americans’ main source of calcium. But there are other healthy ways to get calcium than from milk and cheese , which can contain a lot of saturatedfat.14. People with diabete, though, should probably limit themselves to no more than two or three eggs a week, as study found that for such individual, an egg a day might increase the risk for heart disease.15. In areas most of the straw is worked back into the soil. The grain harvested from cereals provides about three-quarters of our food energy. About half of our cereals are used as miscellaneous grains so we consume them indirectly as meat , eggs and milk.16. Malt is used in brewing and distillation, in which maltose is fermented by yeast to produce alcohol. Low protein barley is used to make beer and high protein barley is used to feed pigs and cattle.17. By modern electronics technology , grain condition monitoring system can real time detect grain condition during grain storage , analyze and forecast the data , put forward treatment suggestion and control measures on exceptional grain condition. 18.The ratio of the length and the width is used internationally to describe the shape and class of the variety. The other important aspect of length and width is uniformity all the grains in one ample must look the same.19. Innovating soy and cereal dishes is an important skill for vegetarians, who need to make sure they have a balanced source of protein in their diet because of the lack of meat.20. During the cooking process, the starch granules in the grain expand and amylose leaches from them. As the cooked rice cools, the leached amylose chains line up, lock together and form a gel参考答案：1.适度吃大豆。
科技英语翻译词汇量
科技英语翻译词汇量1.spring 弹簧2.extensively 广泛地3.electrical instrument 电工仪表4.prohibitive5.leak away 漏出；漏掉6.mineral 矿物7.substance 物质8.boring v. 钻孔n.钻孔9.artificial 人造的10.Grossly 很；非常11.Distort 扭曲12.Tail 尾巴13.Substitution 代替14.Friction 摩擦15.Slide 滑动16.considerable 相当大的；重要的；值得考虑的17.Essential 基本的；必要的；本质的；精华的18.Acquire 获得19.Utterly 完全地20.Sterile 不毛地['steraɪl]21.Mountainous 多山地['maʊntɪnəs]22.Waste 荒地23.Blaze down 强力地照射24.Relentless 无情的；残酷的25.Fury n. 狂怒；暴怒；激怒者26.intense 强烈的；紧张的27.Numerical 数值的；数字的28.Surgeon 外科医生29.Appendix 附录；阑尾；附加物[ə'pendɪks]30.Stitch 缝合31.Literally 照字面地；正确地32.Conceptual 概念上的pressive 压缩的34.Dimension n.维；尺寸；次元；容积vt. 标出尺寸35.Semiconductor n. [电子][物] 半导体36.Device 装置;设备37.Filament 灯丝['fɪləm(ə)nt]38.Diameter n. 直径[daɪ'æmɪtə]39.Resistance n. 阻力；电阻；抵抗；反抗；抵抗力40.Mandatory 强制的41.Velocity 速度42.Contact 接触43.Parallel 平行线44.Cylindrical 圆柱形的；圆柱体的[sɪ'lɪndrɪkəl]45.Axis 轴线46.Perpendicular 垂直的[,pɜːp(ə)n'dɪkjʊlə]47.Cylinder ['sɪlɪndə] n. 圆筒；汽缸；[数] 柱面；圆柱状物48.Expire vi. 期满；终止；死亡；呼气49.Process vt. 处理；加工50.by and large 大体上，总的来说51.Mediation n. 调解；仲裁；调停52.Solubility [,sɒljʊ'bɪlətɪ] n. 溶解度；可解决性53.Dust 灰尘；尘埃；尘土54.Hazardous ['hæzədəs] adj. 有危险的；冒险的；碰运气的55.Chlorine['klɔːriːn] n. [化学] 氯（17号化学元素）56.Clumsy ['klʌmzɪ] adj. 笨拙的57.Circuit n. [电子] 电路58.Condensate n. 冷凝物；浓缩物['kɒnd(ə)nseɪt]59.step up/down 提高/降低60.Stainless adj. 不锈的61.Hardness n. [物] 硬度62.Strain n. 张力；拉紧63.Gauge n. 计量器；标准尺寸[geɪdʒ]64.Supersede vt. 取代，代替65.Textbook n. 教科书，课本66.Manufacture vt. 制造；加工67.Article 物品68.Furnace n. 火炉，熔炉69.Deposition n. 沉积物；矿床70.Sophisticate [sə'fɪstɪkeɪt] vt. 弄复杂；使变得世故；曲解n. 久经世故的人；精通者vi. 诡辩71.Neglect [nɪ'glekt] vt. 疏忽，忽视72.Exhaustible [ɪɡ'zɔːstəbl] adj. 可被用尽的；会枯竭的73.Lime [laɪm] n. 石灰limestone 石灰石74.Calcination [,kælsɪ'neʃən] n. 煅烧75.Lustrous ['lʌstrəs] adj. 有光泽的；光辉的76.Metallic [mɪ'tælɪk] adj. 金属的77.Ductile ['dʌktaɪl] adj. 柔软的；易教导的；易延展的78.Malleable ['mælɪəb(ə)l] adj. 可锻的；可塑的79.Basin ['beɪs(ə)n] n. 水池；流域80.Therapy ['θerəpɪ] n. 治疗，疗法81.Diverse adj. 不同的；多种多样的82.Motor ['məʊtə] n. 发动机83.Neuron ['njʊərɒn] n. [解剖] 神经元，神经单位84.Ampere ['æmpeə(r)] n. 安培85.Liquor ['lɪkə] 液体；烈酒86.Hazard ['hæzəd] 使遭受危险87.Brush [brʌʃ] n. 刷子；画笔mutator n. [电] 换向器；整流器89.Assembly [ə'semblɪ] n. 装配；集会，集合90.Shunt [ʃʌnt] 使转轨；使分流；[电] 分流器91.fence n. 栅栏；围墙92.Ditch n. 沟渠；壕沟93.Optical adj. 光学的；眼睛的，视觉的94.Interface n. 界面；<计>接口；交界面95.Substation 变电站96.Monitor vt. 监控n. 监视器；显示屏97.Construction n. 建设；建筑物98.Concrete adj. 混凝土的；具体的99.Tensile adj. [力] 拉力的['tensaɪl]100.Volume ['vɒljuːm]体积101.Crisis ['kraɪsɪs] n. 危机102.as long as 只要；和…一样长103.Dielectric [,daɪɪ'lektrɪk] n. 电介质；绝缘体104.Leakage n. 泄漏；渗漏物；漏出量105.Ignorant adj. 无知的；愚昧的106.Electromagnetics n. [电磁] 电磁学107.Society n. 社会[sə'saɪətɪ]108.Intimacy ['ɪntɪməsɪ] n. 性行为；亲密109.alternating current [电] 交流电110.Durable ['dʊrəbl] adj. 耐用的，持久的111.Revolve [rɪ'vɒlv] 旋转112.Stationary ['steɪʃ(ə)n(ə)rɪ] adj. 固定的；静止的113.Clearance n. 清除；空隙114.Aluminum [ˌæljʊˈmɪnɪəm] n. 铝115.Medium 媒介116.Impedance n. [电] 阻抗117.Induction n. [电磁] 感应118.Chip n. [电子] 芯片119.Silicon ['sɪlɪk(ə)n] n. [化学] 硅；硅元素120.Inductance n. 电感121.Term n. 术语122.series circuit['sɜːkɪt] [电] 串联电路123.Emphasize ['emfəsaɪz] vt. 强调，着重124.prime mover 原动机125.Sufficient [sə'fɪʃ(ə)nt] 足够的；充分的126.Fuse [fjuːz] n. 保险丝127.Counterpart 相对物；相对的人128.Affinity 吸引力129.Innovation n. 创新，革新petitiveness n. 竞争力131.the act of ……的行为132.Equivalent [ɪ'kwɪv(ə)l(ə)nt] adj. 等价的，相等的133.Dispensable [dɪs'pensəbl] adj. 可有可无的；非必要的134.Deformation n. 变形135.Bearing n. [机] 轴承136.circuit breaker 断路器137.trip circuit 跳开电路138.Arc n. 弧139.Principal adj. 主要的140.Objection n. 异议，反对141.But for 如果没有142.Coil n. 线圈[kɒɪl]。
地理专业词汇英语翻译(55)
地理专业词汇英语翻译(55)地理专业词汇英语翻译(55)地理专业词汇英语翻译(55)mid gley soil 中位潜育土mid ocean ridge 大洋中背middle atmosphere 中层大气middle clouds 中云middle course 中游middle infrared 亳米波辐射图像匹配制导middle latitudes 中纬度middle mountains 中山midnight 午夜migma 混合岩浆migmatite 复片麻岩migmatite front 混合岩前缘migmatization 混合岩化migration 迁移migration contrast 迁移对照migration environment 移动某质migration length 迁移长度migration of elements 元素的迁移migratory anticyclone 移动性反气旋migratory bird 候鸟migratory cyclone 移动性气旋migratory fishes 回游鱼类mild climate 温和气候mild humus 熟腐殖质mildly alkaline soil 轻度碱性土壤mile 英里military base 军事基地military cartography 军事制图学military geography 军事地理学military geology 军事地质学military grid reference system 军事格网参考系military industrial target 军事工业目标military intelligence 军事情报military interpretation 军事判读military map 军用地图military sketch 军用略图military target 军事目标military topography 军事地形学milk ripe stage 乳熟期millibar 毫巴milligram equivalent 毫克当量millimeter wave radiation chart matching guidance 毫米波辐图像匹配制导miloschite 蓝高岭石mimetesite 砷铅矿mimetite 砷铅矿minable seam 可采煤层minamata disease 水俣病mine 矿山mine concession 矿田mine damage 矿害mine drainage pollution 矿山排水造成的污染mine plan 矿山平面图mine survey 矿山测量mine surveying instrument 矿山测量仪器mine surveyor 矿山测量员mine waste water 矿山废水mine water 矿水mine working 矿山巷道miner's hammer 矿工锤mineragenetic epoch 成矿时代mineragenetic province 成矿区mineral 矿物mineral acid soil 矿物质酸性土mineral assemblage 矿物共生mineral association 矿物聚合mineral chemistry 矿物化学mineral composition 矿物成分mineral constituents 矿物组成分mineral deposit 矿床mineral dye 矿物颜料mineral equilibrium 矿物平衡mineral facies 矿物相mineral filler 矿物填料mineral manure 矿质肥料mineral manure theory 矿物肥料说mineral matter 矿物质mineral metabolism 矿质代谢mineral nutrition 矿质营养mineral oil 矿油mineral paragenesis 矿物共生mineral parent rock 矿质母岩mineral physics 矿物物理学mineral pigments 矿物性颜料mineral reserves 矿藏mineral resources 矿物资源mineral soil 矿质土壤mineral spring 矿泉mineral water 矿泉水mineralforming element 造矿元素mineralization 成矿酌mineralized belt 矿化带mineralizing agent 矿化剂mineralizing solution 矿化溶液mineralogical phase rule 矿物相律mineralogy 矿物学minerogenetic map 成矿规律图minerogenetic prognostic map 成矿预测图miniature potential 微小电位minicomputer 小型计算机minimonitor 微型监察器minimum area 最小面积minimum detectable temperature difference 最小可探测温差minimum flow 最小量minimum information method 最小信息法minimum mining content 最小可采品位minimum temperature 最低温度minimum thermometer 最低温度表minimum workable grade 最低可采品位mining 采矿mining compass 矿山罗盘mining geodesy 矿山测量学mining geology 矿山地质学mining wastes 采矿废弃物mining wastewater 采矿废水minium 铅丹minor bed 枯水河床minor element 微量元素minor features 小地形minor joint 小节理minute folding 细褶皱miocene 中新世miogeosyncline 冒地槽miracle rice 奇迹般的稻mirage 蜃景mire 沼泽退化;软泥mire classification 沼泽分类mire distribution 沼泽分布mire drainage 沼泽排水mire indicator plant 沼泽指示植物mire landscape 沼泽景观mire microgeomorphology 沼泽微地貌mire plant 沼泽植物mire resources 沼泽资源mire runoff 沼泽径流mire science 沼泽学mire vegetation 沼泽植被mirror image 镜像mirror stereoscope 反光立体镜missourite 白榴橄辉岩mist 轻雾mistral 密史脱拉风mixed cloud 混合云mixed coniferous broad leaved forest 针阔叶混交林mixed crystal 混合晶mixed fertilizer 混合肥料mixed forest 混交林mixed forest zones 混交林带mixed pine forest with decidous tree 落叶噬混交林mixed pixel 混合象元mixed rendzina 混合黑色石厌土mixed spruce forest with limetree 椴势杉混交林mixed tide 混合潮mixing fog 混合雾mixing of soils 撒布肥土mixing ratio 混合比mixolimnion 混成层mobile belt 活动带mobile soil colloids 怜性土壤胶体mobility 移动性mobilization 活化modal analysis 实际分析modal composition 实际矿物成分mode 实际矿物成分mode of life 生活方式model 模型model deformation 模型扭曲model test 模型试验modelling of relief 地形模型moder 中度腐殖质moderate alkalinity 中等碱度moderate breeze 和风地理专业词汇英语翻译(55) 相关内容:。
钻井常用术语翻译
钻井常用术语翻译钻井总论钻井drilling钻井方法drilling method顿钻钻井cable drilling杆式顿钻rod tool drilling绳式顿钻cable tool drilling轻便钻井portable drilling直井straight hole深井deep well超深井super deep well地热井geothermal well热采井thermal production well工程井engineering rejection well工程报废井abandoned well弃井abandoned well钻井设计well design钻井质量drilling quality岩石的物理机械性质physical-mechanical properties of rock矿物的微硬度micro-hardness of rook肖氏岩石硬度Shores hardness史氏岩石硬度Shi's hardness矿物的弹性模量elastic modulus of mineral岩石的弹性模量elastic modulus of rock矿物的泊松比Poissons ratio mineral岩石的泊松比Poissons ratio rock矿物的切变模量shear modulus of mineral岩石的切变模量shear modulus of rock矿物和岩石的体积压缩模量bulk compressibility mineral and rock岩石的体积压缩系数coefficient of bulk compressibility mineral and rock 岩石的抗拉伸强度tensile strength of rock岩石的直接拉伸试验direct tensile test of rock岩石的巴西劈裂拉伸实验Brazilian test of rock岩石的筒形抗内压胀裂试验burst test of hollow cyling by internal pressure 岩石的常规抗压缩强度compressive strength of rock岩石的抗剪切强度shear strength of rock岩石的抗剪切强度试验shear test of rock岩石的三轴强度试验tri-axial test of rock岩石的常规三轴试验ordinary tri-axial test of rock岩石的真三轴试验true tri-axial test of rock脆性岩石brittle rock塑性岩石plastic rock岩石的假塑性破坏pseudo-plastic breakage of rock岩石塑性系数coefficient of plasticity of rock岩石的脆塑性转变压力（临界压力）brittle plastic transitional pressure of rock 岩石的库仑纳维尔强度准则Conlomb-Navier strength criterion of rock岩石的内磨擦角和内磨擦系数angle of interal friction and coefficient of interalfriction of rock岩石的莫尔强度准则Mohr strength criterion of rock岩石的格里菲斯脆性破坏准则Griffith criterion of brittle failure of rock统计强度理论statistical strength theory岩石的表面破碎surface fracture of rock岩石的疲劳破碎fatigue fracture of rock岩石的体积破碎volumetric fracture of rock岩石的单位体积破碎pecific volumetric fracture work of rock地应力in situ stress岩层的水平测向应力horizontal stress of strata测向系数coefficient of lateral pressure围压confining pressure有效应力effective stress压持效应chip hold effect岩石硬度减低剂rock hardness reducer岩石的可钻性drill ability of rock岩石的研磨性rock abrasiveness钻具drilling tool钻柱drill stem复合钻柱combination string满眼钻柱packed hole assembly踏式钻铤组合tapered drill collar string钟摆钻具pendulum assembly偏重钻铤unbalanced drill collar钻柱弯曲buckling of drill string钻具的扭转震动twisting vibration of drill string钻杆疲劳破坏fatigue-failure of drill string上紧矩make-up torque应力减轻槽stress-relief groove减震器vibration dampener稳定器stabilizer井眼大扩器reamer钻井液drilling fluids水基钻井液water-base drilling fluids淡水钻井液fresh-water drilling fluids低固相钻井液low solids fluids低固相不分散钻井液low solids non-dispersed polymer drilling fluids抑制性钻井液inhibitive drilling fluids盐水钻井液salt-water drilling fluids饱和盐水钻井液saturated salt-water drilling fluids钙处理钻井液calcium treated drilling fluids钾盐钻井液potassium drilling fluids混油钻井液oil-emulsion drilling fluids生物聚合物钻井液biodegrability drilling fluids油基钻井液oil base drilling fluids反相乳化钻井液invert-emulsion drilling fluids平衡活度钻井液balanced activity drilling fluids泡沫钻井液foam drilling fluids密闭液sealing fluids完井液completion fluids封隔夜packer fluids解卡浸泡液stuck freeing spotting fluids钻井液性能properties of drilling fluids滤失filtrationAPI滤失量API filtration高温高压滤失量high temperature and high pressure filtration 动滤失量dynamic filtration滤饼filter cake含砂量sand content钻井液固相含量solids content in drilling fluids亚甲基兰实验methylene blue test石灰含量lime content estimation钻井液的酚酞碱度P m alkalinity滤液酚酞碱度P t alkalinity滤液甲基橙碱度M f alkalinity造浆率yield破乳电压emulsion-breaking voltage钻井液流变性drilling fluids rheology漏斗粘度funnel viscosity触变性thixotropic behavior静切力gel strength初切力initial gel strength终切力10-minuto gel strength剪切降粘特性shear-thinning behavior钻井液受污染contamination of drilling fluids粘土侵clay contamination盐侵salt contamination盐水侵salt water contamination钙侵calcium contamination砂侵sand contamination水侵water contamination气侵gas contamination钻井液处理剂mud additives降失水剂filtrate or reduction agents增粘剂thickening agent膨润土增效剂agents of increasing bentonite降粘剂thinning agents加重剂weighting agents堵漏剂lost circulation materials水敏性页岩water-sensitive shale膨润土的预水化pre-hydrated bentonite固相控制solid control钻屑cutting砂sand泥silt胶体颗粒colloidal solids钻进drilling钻进技术drilling technology钻进技术参数drilling parameters钻压weight on bit悬重和钻重string suspending weight and drilling weight 转速rpm-revolution per minute排量rate of flow零轴向点zero axial stress point中性点neutral point开钻spud in完钻finishing drilling送钻bit feed方余和方入kelly-up and kelly-in进尺footage机械钻速penetration rate鳖钻bit bouncing跳钻bit jumping干钻drilling at circulation break打倒车reverse rotation table钻头泥包bit balling划眼redressing扩眼reamin1放空drilling break吊打easing the bit in纠斜hole straightening侧钻sidetracking单根single双根double立根stand接单根king a connection起下钻trips知起下钻short tripping活动钻具move the drill string上卸扣make up and break out换钻头change bit鼠洞rat hole小鼠洞mouse hole喷射钻井jet-bit drilling射流jet flow冲击射流impact jet flow汽蚀射流cavitation jet射流扩散角和扩散系数spread angle and spread coefficient of jet射流等速patential core of jet漫流cross flow射流喷速jet velocity射流速度降低系数decreasing coefficient of jet velocity射流动压力dynamic pressure of jet flow射流压力降低系数coefficient of jet-flow pressure drop射流冲击力jet impact force射流水功率jet hydraulic-power喷射距离jet length清洗井底bottom-hole cleaning钻头压降bit pressure-drop钻头水功率bit hydraulic horse-power喷嘴nozzle等变速喷嘴nozzle with iso-variable velocity流线形喷嘴streamline nozzle喷嘴流量系数nozzle orifico coefficient钻井液循环系统drilling fluids circulating system钻井液流态flow pattern平板层流flat plate laminar flowZ值Z-value喷射钻井的工作方式The working regime of jet drilling最大钻头水功率工作方式The regime of the maximum bit hydra-ulic horse-power 最大射流冲击力方式the regime of the maximum jet-impact force最大射流喷速工作方式The regime of the maximum jet velocity经济水功率工作方式the regime of the economic hydraulic horse-power jet bit喷射式钻头optimum rate of mud flow最优喷嘴直径optimum nozzlo diameter临界井深和极限井深critical well depth and limited well depth钻井泵的工作状态the working regime of drilling pump钻井泵的最大排工作状态（额定工作功率工作状态）the maximum flow rate regime of the drilling pump (the rated power regime of the drilling pump)钻井泵的调节排量工作状态（允许压力工作状态）the regulated flow rate regime of the drilling pump(the rated power regime of the drilling pump)携带岩屑cutting carrying岩屑运移比cutting transport ratio环空岩屑浓度solid concentration in annular space钻井泵效率rate of utilized power of the drilling pump钻井泵水功济利用率rate of utilized hydraulic power of the drilling pump优化钻井技术optimum drilling technology控制井control well钻井可控参数controllable drilling variables钻井不可控参数non controllable drilling variables钻井目标函数（钻井泛函）objective function of drilling procedure钻进过程的数学模型mathematical model for drilling procedure钻速方程equation for drilling rate二元钻速方程drilling rate equation in two variables多元钻速方程multi-variable drilling rate equation最大允许钻压maximum allowable weight on bit最优钻压optimum weight on bit钻速系数factor of penetration rate地层研磨性系数factor of formation abrasiveness牙齿磨损系数tooth wear coefficient轴承工作系数working coefficient of bearing五点法钻速试验“five spot” drill-off test井下动力钻井hole bottom power drilling涡轮钻井turbo-drilling涡轮钻具turbo-drill电动钻具electric drill螺杆钻具positive displacement motor涡轮工作特性characteristics of turbine涡轮的水力载荷hydraulic load on turbo-drill涡轮钻具井底工作特性hole-bottom working characteristics of turbo-drill涡轮钻具最优工作区optimized working zone of turbo-drill涡轮钻具合理转速optimum revolution of turbo-drill涡轮钻具最优排量optimum capacity of turbo-drill涡轮不稳定工作区unstable working range turbo-drill有效钻压effective bit-weight涡轮钻具井底功率传递系数transfer coefficient of bottom hole power of turbo-drill 涡轮钻具特性系数characteristic coefficient of turbo-drill涡轮的水力效率hydraulic efficiency of turbo-drill涡轮钻具合理钻进深度optimum drill depth of turbo-drill涡轮-泵组联合特性combined characteristics of turbo-drill-pump涡轮钻具轴向间隙的调节axial clearance regulation of turbo-drill钻具滤清器drill pipe filter启动阀starter gate valve低速大扭矩涡轮钻具love-speed high-torque turbo-drill复式涡轮钻具compound turbo-drill定向井directional well定向要素directional elements井斜角inclination方位角azimuth井斜变化率rate of inclination change方位变化率rate of azimuth change井眼曲率hole curvature垂深和测深vertical depth and measured水平投影长度hole deviation水平位移displacement or closure distance多底井multi-bore well水平井horizontal well丛式井cluster well or multiple wells救除井relief well双筒井dual wells套管开窗starting window on casing造斜deflecting or building angle增斜increasing hole angle or build-up hole angle 降斜decreasing hole angle or build-off hole angle 稳斜maintain angle井身垂直投影图vertical projection of borehole井身水平投影图horizontal projection of borehole 正切法tangential method平衡正切法balanced tangential method平均角法average angle method曲率半径法radius of curvature method圆弧法arc method最小曲率法minimum curvature method圆柱螺线法cylinder helix method悬链线轨迹·catenary shape profile控制圆柱control cylinder造斜工具deflecting tool槽式变向器whip-stock短涡轮short turbo-drill钻铤造斜短节short bent collar涡轮偏心短节turbo-eccentric sub复式弯涡轮bent multi-turbo-drill水力斜接头hydraulic bent sub Dyna-flex瓦片变向器rebel tool 造斜工具面tool face造斜率rate of over-all angle change井眼方位漂移walk of hole装置角tool of rotation工具面角tool face azimuth动力钻具反扭角reactive torque定向方位角tool face bearing or tool face setting 磁偏角magnetic declination随钻测量measurement while drill(MWD)单点测斜仪single shot instrument多点测斜仪multi-shot instrument陀螺测斜仪gyroscopic instrument定向orientation定向下钻orientation while going in hole磁力定向法magnetic orientation method斜口管鞋定向法mule-shoe orientation method取心coring岩心core岩心收获率recovery of core取心方法coring method局部反循环取心coring with local inverse circulation 长筒取心core drilling with long core barrel密闭取心sealing core drilling保压取心core drilling with keeping formation pressure 定向取心orientation coring绳索取心wire line coring取心工具coring tools岩心筒core barrel单筒式岩心筒single type core barrel双筒式岩心筒core barrel of double tube swivel type 内岩心筒inside core barrel外岩心筒outside core barrel喷射式岩心筒core barrel of jet type取心钻头coring bit牙轮取心钻头coring cone bit金钢石取心钻头diamond coring bit硬质合金取心钻头hard metal coring bit涡轮取心钻头turbo-core bit涡轮取心钻具turbo-core drill岩心爪core gripper卡瓦式岩心爪core gripper with slip卡簧式岩心爪core gripper with slip-spring板簧式岩心爪卡core gripper with slip-spider箍式岩心爪core gripper with slip-collar割取岩心core breaking机械加压割心法core breaking by mechanical loading 投球割心core breaking by hydraulic pressure投砂割心core breaking by pumping down顶岩心core extracting各种压力概念concept of pressure静液压力hydrostatic pressure钻井液压力drilling fluid column pressure孔隙压力pore pressure (formation pressure)上覆岩层压力overburden pressure颗粒压力grain to grain pressure压力梯度pressure gradient压力监控pressure detection and control异常压力及其形成abnormal pressure and it’s formation压力异常abnormal pressure压实作用compaction欠压实imcompaction不渗透围栅·permeabillity barrier快速沉积rapid deposition构造型异常高压structural abnormal pressure地层压力检测方法method of formation pressure detection地震资料法seismic data method机械钻速法penetration rate methodd指数法d-exponent method dc指数法dc-exponent method标准化钻速法normalized penetration rate页岩密度法shale density溢流观测法take a kick天然气录井检测法gas logging氯化物检测法chloride log钻井液录井法drilling fluid log返出钻井液温度检测法flow-line temperature化石资料法paleo-information地球物理检测法wire-line logs中途测试drill-stem testing完井测试well completing test综合录井仪computerlized apply drilling technology地层破裂压力formation fracture pressure地层破裂压力预报方法formation fracture pressure prediction 漏失试验法leak-off test胡伯特-威利斯法Hubbert and Willis approach马修斯-凯利法method of Matthews and Kelly伊顿法method of Eaton安德森法Anderson’s method艾克斯劳格法Exlog method黄荣樽法Huang’s method地层井眼系统的压力平衡balance of formation-borehole system 地层压力当量钻井液密度equivalent drilling fluid density钻井液当量循环密度equivalent circulating density附加压力当量钻井液密度additional pressure equivalent density 当量深度equivalent depth钻柱排代量drilling fluid displacement波动压力（激动压力）surge pressure抽汲压力swabbing pressure气体上窜gas channeling天然气偏差因子the coefficient of gas compressibility溢流overflow井涌kick井喷well blowout地下井喷underground blowout井喷失控out of control for blowout循环池液体增量pit gain压力过渡带pressure transition zone压井killing well关井closing well硬关井hard closing软关井soft closing压井方法killing well method工程师法（等待加重量法）engineer’s method司钻法（二次循环法）driller’s method边加重边循环法concurrent method空井压井empty well control置换式压井法（顶部压井法）displacement method反循环inverse circulating循环周circulating circle节流循环circulating with choke防喷设备和工具blowout prevention tools and equipments防溢管·bellnipple钻井液流量计drilling fluid flowing indicator泵冲数计pump-stroke counter钻井液液面指示器pit-volume indicator真空除气器·vacum degasser硫化氢监测仪H2s detector井控模拟装置well control simulator井喷失控的处理well blowout control抢装井口installing wellhead扣装法抢装井口buckling-up-installing wellhead翻转法抢装井口turning-up-installing wellhead整体吊装法抢装井口whole hanging method for installing wellhead 带帽子压井法·hatting kill well method下封隔器压井killing well with packer method换井口套管casing replacing灭火extinguishing喷射水流灭火法jet fire extinguishing method爆炸灭火法explosion method灭火剂extinguisher固井well cementing套管程序casing program导管conductor表层套管surface casing技术套管intermediate casing strings生产套管production casing套管柱casing string套管柱下部结构casing accessories引鞋guiding shoe套管鞋casing shoe套管扶正器centralizer泥饼刷wall scratcher浮籀float collar套管承托环cement baffle collar旋流短节vortex sub浮鞋cementing float collar水泥伞cementing basket注水泥胶塞cementing plugs通径规drift diameter gauge套管的外载荷outside casing load套管内压力burst套管外挤压力collapse pressure套管轴向力axial load套管强度casing strength套管抗挤强度collapse resistance套管抗拉强度tensile resistance套管抗内压强度burst resistance下套管running casing活动套管moving casing预应力preceding stress人工井底artificial bottom of a well磁性定位短节magnetic locator sub固井工具与设备tools and equipments for running casing and cementing 套管吊钳casing tong套管吊卡casing elevator卡盘casing spider联顶节top connecting collar水泥头connect head水泥车connecting truck井口装置wellhead equipment注水泥?connect油井水泥oil well connecting低密度水泥light weight connect膨润土水泥·bentonite connect速凝水泥accelerated cement膨胀水泥expansion cement纤维质水泥fiber cement树脂水泥（浆）resin cement油基水泥（浆）diesel-oil cement橡胶水泥（浆）latex cement酸溶性水泥acid dissoluble cement石膏水泥混合物·gypsam cement火山灰水泥·pozzolan cement抗盐水泥salt-resisting cement双凝水泥浆separable setting cement slurry冷井水泥和热井水泥ordinary and hot cementAPI水泥分级API cement classification水泥浆性能及其调节cement properties and adjustments of them稠度仪consist-meter水泥浆流动性mobility of slurry水泥浆密度slurry density水泥浆滤失量slurry filtration出口温度井底温度和循环温度flow-line temperature bottom temperature andcirculation temperature水泥浆失重losing weight slurry水泥石强度cement strength水泥石渗透性permeability of set cement水泥石的射孔性perforating quality水泥浆外加剂cement additive速凝剂accelerator缓凝剂retardant减阻剂friction reducer降密度剂light weight additive降失水量filtrate reducer水泥浆加重剂heavy weight additive隔离液spacer fluid前置液ahead fluid尾随液tail fluid注水泥方法cementing methods常规注水泥法typical primary cementing双级注水泥法two stage cementing插入注水泥法inner pipe cementing多管注水泥法multi-plezone completion cementing打水泥塞cementing plug平衡法打水泥塞balance method for cementing plug倾筒法打水泥塞dump bailer method挤水泥squeeze method井口挤水泥法braden head squeeze method封隔器挤水泥法squeeze packer method高压挤水泥法high-pressure squeeze method低压挤水泥法low-pressure squeeze method尾管固井drilling liner cementing尾管悬挂器drilling liner hanger窜槽cement channeling完井方法completion methods裸眼完井法open hole completion先期裸眼完井法initial open hole completion后期裸眼完井法final open hole completion射孔完井法perforation completion单管射孔完井法single pipe perforation completion多管射孔完井法multiple pipe perforation completion无油管完井法·tubingless completion永久完井法permanent completion无封隔器单层永久完井法single pipe permanent completion without packer 单封隔器永久完井法permanent completion with single packer封隔器射孔完井法permanent completion with packer负压射孔perforating with negative pressure过油管射孔perforating through tubing贯眼完成法perforated pipe completion衬管完井法liner perforation completion砾石充填完井法gravel packer completion深井完井法deep hole completion高含硫气井完井法high H2s gas well completion地层损害程度formation damage degree地层损害带formation damage zone水动力学程度不完善井hydrodynamic degree incompleteness well水动力学性质不完善井油井hydrodynamic property incompletion well完善系数well completeness factor损害比damage ratio趋肤效应shin effect开采比production ratio损害系数damage factor完井系数completion factor钻井设备drilling equipment设备安装rig up钻前工作preliminary work for spudding井场布置layout平井场levelling圆井cellar基础ground foundation base活动基墩removable foundation井架安装derrick installation扒杆gin pole井架安装绞车winch穿钢丝绳string up死绳固定器dead line anchor设备校正alignment井口找中center for well整体搬迁skidding the rig成组安装package installation泥浆管汇mud pipeline猫头绳cat-line高悬猫头绳drill rope大钳尾绳safety line大门绷绳front guy(lines)井架绷绳derrick guy接链器chain spanner钻井数据系统drilling data system钻井数据采集装置drilling data acquisition钻井数据实时处理装置drilling data processing钻井数据库drilling data base钻井信息drilling information钻井参数传感装置drilling parameter sensing unit 指重表传感器weight sensor进尺传感器drilling footage sensor转盘扭矩传感器rotary table torque sensor转盘转速传感器R.P.M sensor for rotary table大钳扭矩传感器torque sensor for tong泵速传感器pump rate sensor钻井液密度传感器drilling fluid weight sensor钻井液液面传感器mud pit level sensor钻井液流动传感器drilling fluid flow sensor钻井液温度传感器drilling fluid temperature sensor 钻井液电导传感器drilling fluid conductivity sensor 录井logging钻井液录井drilling fluid logging岩样录井·lithologic logging气测录井gas-logging钻速录井penetration rata logging综合录井compound logging巡回检测cyclic detection泵压表pressure gage钻具事故drilling pipe and tools accident顿钻drill string free fall溜钻drill string not well braked断钻具drilling pipe breaking落鱼fish落物junks打捞作业fishing打捞筒overshot打捞杯fishing cup反循环打捞篮junk basket with reverse circulation壁钩wall hook铅印模lead stamp一把抓catchall铣鞋mill shoe钻杆外割刀external cutter活动肘节knuckle倒扣捞矛left hand fishing spear弯钻杆bend drill pipe尖钻头tip bit卡钻drill pipe sticking砂桥卡钻sand bridging键槽卡钻key seating压差卡钻differential sticking地层膨胀卡钻formation swelling sticking地层坍塌卡钻formation collapse sticking钻头泥包卡钻balling-up sticking点sticking point解卡工具releasing tools震击器bumper下击器bumper jar上击器top jar地面下击器surface bumper jar千斤顶jack爆炸松扣break-outing pack of dynamite测卡仪sticking-point-instrument解卡方法releasing method震击解卡法releasing stuck tamping油浴解卡法releasing stuck by pump oil into the annuls 酸浴解卡法releasing stuck by acidding割铣解卡法releasing stuck by cutting套铣解卡法milling and breakout爆炸解卡法explosion releasing method跳槽·netch jumping粘扣thread gluing滑扣thread slipping脱扣thread off错扣thread alternating对扣make-up造扣thread making顶天车crashing into the crown磨蚀钻井abrasive cutting drill弹丸钻井bullet-shot drill电火花钻井electric spark drill超声波钻井supersonic wave drill火焰钻井flame-jet drill电加热钻井electric heating drill原子能钻井atomic energy drill电弧钻井electric arc drill等离子钻井plasma jet drill电子束钻井electron-beam drill激光钻井laser drill化学腐蚀钻井chemical erosion drill钻井技术经济指标tech-economic indication of drilling开钻井口数spudding well number完钻井口数drilled well number完成井口数completed well number钻井进尺drilling footage取心进尺coring footage井身质量合格率well bore quality qualified ratio油层固井合格率oil reservoir well quality qualified ratio钻井工程报废drilling engineering abandonment报废井段abandoned range报废进尺abandoned footage钻机利用率rate rig utilization钻机台月rigs per unity month建井周期台月construction cycle per unity month纯钻井时间reciprocating time钻机月速度monthly drilling rate周期钻速periodic drilling rate纯钻速rate of penetration行程钻速drilling rate of a trip建井周期construction cycle完成井平均建井周期average construction of completed well 完成井平均井深average well depth of completed well完成井平均进尺average bit drilling footage of completed well 钻井时效分析drilling prescription analysis进尺工作时间footage working time固井工作时间cementing working time辅助工作时间service working time事故损失时间accident losing time修理时间repairing time组织停工损失时间management down time loss处理复杂情况时间problem handling time生产时间率production per cent age纯钻进时间率reciprocating time ratio每钻机台月耗柴油量diesel consumption per rig-month 每钻机台月耗机油量oil consumption per rig-month钻井工程成本cost of drilling engineering。
土木类翻译
一. 综合类1.geotechnical engineering岩土工程2.foundation engineering基础工程3.soil, earth土4.soil mechanics土力学cyclic loading周期荷载unloading卸载reloading再加载viscoelastic foundation粘弹性地基viscous damping粘滞阻尼shear modulus剪切模量5.soil dynamics土动力学6.stress path应力路径7.numerical geotechanics 数值岩土力学二. 土的分类1.residual soil残积土groundwater level地下水位2.groundwater 地下水groundwater table地下水位3.clay minerals粘土矿物4.secondary minerals次生矿物ndslides滑坡6.bore hole columnar section钻孔柱状图7.engineering geologic investigation工程地质勘察8.boulder漂石9.cobble卵石10.gravel砂石11.gravelly sand砾砂12.coarse sand粗砂13.medium sand中砂14.fine sand细砂15.silty sand粉土16.clayey soil粘性土17.clay粘土18.silty clay粉质粘土19.silt粉土20.sandy silt砂质粉土21.clayey silt粘质粉土22.saturated soil饱和土23.unsaturated soil非饱和土24.fill (soil)填土25.overconsolidated soil超固结土26.normally consolidated soil正常固结土27.underconsolidated soil欠固结土28.zonal soil区域性土29.soft clay软粘土30.expansive (swelling) soil膨胀土31.peat泥炭32.loess黄土33.frozen soil冻土三. 土的基本物理力学性质 compression index2.cu undrained shear strength3.cu/p0 ratio of undrained strength cu to effective overburden stress p0(cu/p0)NC ,(cu/p0)oc subscripts NC and OC designated normally consolidated and overconsolidated, respectively4.cvane cohesive strength from vane test5.e0 natural void ratio6.Ip plasticity index7.K0 coefficient of “at-rest ”pressure ,for total stressesσ1 andσ28.K0‟domain for effective stressesσ1 … andσ2‟9.K0n K0 for normally consolidated state10.K0u K0 coefficient under rapid continuous loading ,simulating instantaneous loading or an undrained condition11.K0d K0 coefficient under cyclic loading(frequency less than 1Hz),as a pseudo- dynamic test for K0 coefficient12.kh ,kv permeability in horizontal and vertical directions, respectively13.N blow count, standard penetration test14.OCR over-consolidation ratio15.pc preconsolidation pressure ,from oedemeter test16.p0 effective overburden pressure17.p s specific cone penetration resistance, from static cone test18.qu unconfined compressive strength19.U, Um degree of consolidation ,subscript m denotes mean value of a specimen20.u ,ub ,um pore (water) pressure, subscripts b and m denote bottom of specimen and mean value, respectively21.w0 wL wp natural water content, liquid and plastic limits, respectively22.σ1,σ2principal stresses, σ1 … andσ2‟ denote effective principal stresses23.Atterberg limits阿太堡界限24.degree of saturation饱和度25.dry unit weight干重度26.moist unit weight湿重度27.saturated unit weight饱和重度28.effective unit weight有效重度29.density密度pactness密实度31.maximum dry density最大干密度32.optimum water content最优含水量33.three phase diagram三相图34.tri-phase soil三相土35.soil fraction粒组36.sieve analysis筛分37.hydrometer analysis比重计分析38.uniformity coefficient不均匀系数39.coefficient of gradation级配系数40.fine-grained soil(silty and clayey)细粒土41.coarse- grained soil(gravelly and sandy)粗粒土42.Unified soil classification system土的统一分类系统43.ASCE=American Society of Civil Engineer美国土木工程师学会44.AASHTO= American Association State Highway Officials美国州公路官员协会45.ISSMGE=International Society for Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 国际土力学与岩土工程学会四. 渗透性和渗流1.Darcy‟s law达西定律2.piping管涌3.flowing soil流土4.sand boiling砂沸5.flow net流网6.seepage渗透（流）7.leakage渗流8.seepage pressure渗透压力9.permeability渗透性10.seepage force渗透力11.hydraulic gradient水力梯度12.coefficient of permeability渗透系数五. 地基应力和变形1.soft soil软土2.(negative) skin friction of driven pile打入桩（负）摩阻力3.effective stress有效应力4.total stress总应力5.field vane shear strength十字板抗剪强度6.low activity低活性7.sensitivity灵敏度8.triaxial test三轴试验9.foundation design基础设计10.recompaction再压缩11.bearing capacity承载力12.soil mass土体13.contact stress (pressure)接触应力（压力）14.concentrated load集中荷载15.a semi-infinite elastic solid半无限弹性体16.homogeneous均质17.isotropic各向同性18.strip footing条基19.square spread footing方形独立基础20.underlying soil (stratum ,strata)下卧层（土）21.dead load =sustained load恒载持续荷载22.live load活载23.short –term transient load短期瞬时荷载24.long-term transient load长期荷载25.reduced load折算荷载26.settlement沉降27.deformation变形28.casing套管29.dike=dyke堤（防）30.clay fraction粘粒粒组31.physical properties物理性质32.subgrade路基33.well-graded soil级配良好土34.poorly-graded soil级配不良土35.normal stresses正应力36.shear stresses剪应力37.principal plane主平面38.major (intermediate, minor) principal stress最大（中、最小）主应力39.Mohr-Coulomb failure condition摩尔-库仑破坏条件40.FEM=finite element method有限元法41.limit equilibrium method极限平衡法42.pore water pressure孔隙水压力43.preconsolidation pressure先期固结压力44.modulus of compressibility压缩模量45.coefficent of compressibility压缩系数pression index压缩指数47.swelling index回弹指数48.geostatic stress自重应力49.additional stress附加应力50.total stress总应力51.final settlement最终沉降52.slip line滑动线六. 基坑开挖与降水1 excavation开挖（挖方）2 dewatering（基坑）降水3 failure of foundation基坑失稳4 bracing of foundation pit基坑围护5 bottom heave=basal heave （基坑）底隆起6 retaining wall挡土墙7 pore-pressure distribution孔压分布8 dewatering method降低地下水位法9 well point system井点系统（轻型）10 deep well point深井点11 vacuum well point真空井点12 braced cuts支撑围护13 braced excavation支撑开挖14 braced sheeting支撑挡板。
中医药名词英文翻译06(中药学)
06.001草药herb我国局部地区、某些人群或民间习用，加工炮制欠规范的中药。
06.002药材crude medicine ; crude drug初步加工处理的中药原料药。
06.003道地药材genuine regional drug特定产地的特定品种，且质量、疗效优良的药材。
06.004鲜药fresh medicine; fresh crudedrug 鲜、活应用的药物。
06.005天然药物natural medicine; naturalcrude drug 没有经过加工的有药用价值的天然动、植、矿物药。
06.006采制collection and preparation包括采集、收获、加工、干燥等制备商品中药材的传统技术。
06.007采收期collection period采集药用动、植物的适宜时期。
06.008产地加工processing in production place在产地将鲜药初步加工，使之成为药材的过程。
06.009萌发期germination period植物发芽的阶段。
06.010枯萎期withering period植物失去水分或失去生机的阶段。
06.011贮藏storage药物的贮积保存。
06.012干燥drying药材中水分气化蒸发的过程。
06.013晒干drying in sunshine将药材曝晒使干燥。
06.014阴干drying in shade将药材在通风不见阳光的地方自然干燥。
06.015烘干drying by baking将药材加温干燥，包括焙干、烤干等。
06.016虫蛀rotten due to insect bites仓虫蛀蚀药材使其受损或变质的现象。
06.017霉变mildew and rot中药生霉、腐败、腐烂等现象的统称。
06.018泛油extensive diffusion of oil药材及饮片所含油质溢出表面呈油浸润状态，使质变软、色泽变深黯，味变哈喇的现象。
mineral的意思用法总结
mineral的意思用法总结mineral有矿物,矿石,矿物质,汽水的意思。
那你们想知道mineral 的用法吗?今日我给大家带来了mineral的用法,盼望能够关心到大家，一起来学习吧。
mineral的意思n. 矿物,矿石,矿物质,汽水adj. 矿物的，似矿物的mineral用法mineral可以用作名词mineral的意思是“矿物”“矿石”“矿物质”,既可用作可数名词,也可用作不行数名词。
有时在句中可用作定语修饰其他名词。
mineral用作名词的用法例句Coal is a mineral.煤是一种矿物。
We are digging for mineral deposits.我们正在掘地探矿。
This shop sells mineral water.这家商店卖矿泉水。
mineral用法例句1、The mineral is weakly magnetic.这种矿物带有稍微的磁性。
2、The rock is rich in mineral salts.该岩石中富含矿盐。
3、The body is made of mineral-reinforced thermo-plastic. 主体材料是矿物增加热塑性塑料。
mineral词组| 习惯用语mineral resources 矿藏mineral processing 选矿;矿物加工工程mineral oil 矿物油，矿油mineral composition 矿物组成，矿物成分clay mineral 粘土矿物;硅酸盐mineral exploration 矿产勘探mineral deposit [地]矿床mineral industry 矿产业mineral substance 矿物质mineral product 矿产mineral spring n. 矿泉mineral wool 矿物棉(等于rock wool)mineral crystal 矿物晶体，无机晶体;自然水晶mineral reserves 矿藏;矿贮存量;矿产贮存mineral prospecting 探矿;矿物勘探mineral fiber 矿物纤维mineral matter 矿物质，矿质heavy mineral 重矿物mineral dressing 选矿;富集essential mineral 知矿物;主成份矿物;基本矿物mineral英语例句库1.Earthworms comminute the mineral fraction of soils.蚯蚓粉碎土壤中的无机物碎片。
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由自然微生物群落中细菌形成的矿物摘要本文重点是细菌在矿物的形成及其作用，由于细菌其体积小,代谢功能多样化，不同于比任何其他类型的生物体，在他们的环境中能够与金属离子密切相关。
有些金属元素是新陈代谢所必需，通过各种各样的生物机制吸收到细胞，然后纳入必需的生理循环和生物结构。
这个金属型细菌下相互作用的生理方面将不会讨论，但是，细菌积累金属离子的能力以及纳入矿物阶段过程将被描述。
这个活动对我们地球的形成和矿物元素的循环已经有了广泛的重要性。
自从细菌作为在微生物群落中一部分出现的环境被更加频繁发现,他们的成矿能力将被讨论。
关键词:细菌、微生物生态学、矿物的形成1. 在细菌细胞上形成矿物在几乎所有环境样本中, 通过电镜对细胞的检查揭示矿物沉淀与细菌细胞密切相关。
细菌的出现以及为矿物沉淀的形成使提供理想的核有几个表现特征。
细菌的单细胞非常小，尤其在低营养的环境中。
通常情况下,单个杆状细菌将有一个直径大约0.5微米和1微米的长度。
归因于他们很小的体积，细菌作为群落，相对于其他任何一种有机群落他们有最大的表面积与体积比。
带电化学组分布在他们表面，正因这种形式使他们拥有了为矿物的形成提供核的能力。
真菌的细胞壁主要有两种形式:革兰氏阳性和革兰氏阴性,每种形式都可能被其他一些表面结构所覆盖。
这些可能本质上是蛋白质或主要由聚合物和碳水化合物发生单独或组合形成。
这些结构的更详细的描述可以在[1]中找到和[2]。
无论哪一类型的细胞表面结构，这些结构中都发现化学成分呈中性pH值的羧基,磷酰氨基酸组。
一般来说,带负电集团在起积极主导地位,细胞表面的整体呈负电 [1]。
提出矿物形成起始于细菌表面遵循普遍的模式可以认为是发生在两个步骤[3]。
第一步,金属离子存在于通过表面结构上带电组织相互作用的细胞的水环境中。
相互作用是化学计量出像这样有静电电荷之间的相互作用在细胞聚合物和金属离子。
随后,结合金属离子的存在在细胞壁上会降低系统的总自由能。
从而激发进一步的金属沉积，在这种情况下,沉淀形成的成核点分布在金属离子和过多的反离子液体阶段。
细胞壁上比预计仅基于电荷相互作用与壁聚合物结合更多金属。
因此，在壁内金属聚集形成。
它们的大小限制实际存在的聚合物位置本身。
根据微环境地球化学，带负电荷的抗衡离子(如硫酸,磷酸盐、碳酸盐、硫化物、硅酸盐离子)能确定特定矿物阶段[4]。
矿物的形成在细菌上通常是生物无法控制的。
这是因为细菌表面的物理化学和化学的细胞环境。
积极与高度活跃的等离子体膜可以抑制细菌的新陈代谢这样以来的细胞壁充斥着质子与金属阳离子形成矿物[5]。
以下部分将描述几种不同类型的环境中细菌介质对矿物形成，并已经证实在形成的地质过程发挥重要作用。
这些绝不代表一个详尽的调查：原来细菌矿物形成的许多描述均旨在发现最常见与细菌有关类型的矿物质为代表的例子。
2. 硫化物矿山尾矿微生物生态学举一个环境地球化学之间的联系的例子，微生物生理学和矿物学硫化物矿山尾矿，这些联系最近记录的详细报告的地理微生物学废弃的和积极的转储在安大略省北部矿山尾矿研究[6 - 9]。
开发贱金属(铜、锌、铁、镍等)矿床导致广泛的周围地区的环境污染和包括从这些矿山尾矿转储的地方。
一般来说,硫化铁矿(金属硫化矿物)是最常见的形式是通过金属提取方式开采。
提取精细地面矸石后与水混合,把泥浆(尾矿)的大蓄水池同时,经常附近的湖泊附近。
硫化物尾矿还含有大量的矿物质,和铁一起(在较小程度上有其他金属),意味着为一大群细菌共同称为嗜酸性无机生物提供氧化物能源[7]。
这组以硫杆菌属,一群自养的革兰氏阴性杆状细菌,可以氧化硫化亚铁Fe和生成三价铁和硫酸,经常ph低至1-2[10]。
非生物酸化也会发生但比细菌介导的过程慢得多[8]。
这种“酸性矿水排水”可以进入地下水,附近的河流和湖泊。
存在许多废弃矿山尾矿转储和代表一个巨大的环境和经济问题。
了解这些环境的微生物是长期发展的关键,自我维持的理想生物修复对策。
详细的研究[7,8]从硫化物贱金属矿山尾矿中揭开了一些关于微生物主要群落之间的关系。
每隔5厘米深度(垂直尾矿剖面)采集标本了解地球微生物学于这个环境的相互关系。
样品几乎没有游离水的沉积物组成并对其细菌数量和矿物学(体积和细胞相关),溶解金属和硫酸,和pH进行分析，两组细菌,硫杆菌属和硫酸盐 (还原菌),列举了最可能的数量方法(或然数)和检查他们在孔隙水地球化学和矿物沉淀阶段的能力。
大多数硫化铁矿的尾矿中这些是厌氧性的，所以没有先前调查过还原菌活动的研究是中性碱性环境,但并不认为是明显氧化的,金属含量丰富,酸性尾矿的环境。
硫杆菌属和还原菌之间存在着的动态关系[7,8]。
从尾矿来看,从橙灰到灰色的颜色变化大致与含氧的缺氧条件变化相关。
甚至在橙色的含氧的区域, 硫杆菌属在矸石中无机碳和氧化铁的硫化物中,还有相当数量的还原菌被发现。
硫杆菌属的峰值数据与硫酸和可溶性铁尾矿,以及pH值最低的地区有最大的关联[8]。
随着渗流通过尾矿的渗滤液与碳酸盐矿物发生缓慢反应,生成沉淀矿物质使自由孔隙水中的金属离子浓度降低，这个过程由于细菌细胞的存在使它们更强的为沉淀提供核。
一般由于地下水饱和还原菌的数量开始增加使尾矿随深度加深变得缺氧[8]。
这些生物通过厌氧呼吸过程产生能量,使硫酸盐硫转为硫化物[11]。
硫化物与金属离子反应强烈,导致在还原菌细胞表面和整个环境形成硫化物沉淀[9].尽管可能有自养方式的还原菌存在,但是这些细菌通常被认为为硫酸盐还原还是需要有机分子(通常是简单的有机酸)碳源和电子给体的[11]。
尾矿中有机养分的主要来源是包含降雨以及降解的微生物细胞，因此,硫杆菌属和其他细菌在含氧的区域环境中展示着一个重要的有机碳来源[7,8]，在有氧的区域还原菌有更低的数量，他们必须生存在无氧区域以及pH接近中性的环境,它们可能通过碳酸岩化来维持生命。
尾矿中几种类型的次生矿物中细菌细胞被发现，这更加坚信了没有细菌的存在这些矿物就不会形成[6]。
在其他环境中,细胞为矿物生长也提供成核点和影响微环境化学以至其他特殊(否则意想不到的)矿物类型形成。
在有氧的区域,主要与硫杆菌属有关的矿物沉积是铁的氧化物[8]。
同时,在缺氧区的还原菌细胞附近形成铁的一硫化物[9]，通过有氧区的微生物的活动，大量的铁和硫酸再结合导致水绿矾沉淀形成(FeSO4W7H2O),通过观察尾矿轮廓这种矿物的形成与细胞的表面是没有联系的。
在其他尾矿环境[6]的再沉淀的金属含量增加了原尾矿中重金属含量。
然而,矿物的形成不是像尾矿中那样一成不变的。
它包括矿物质含有磷可能源自于伴生细菌细胞。
这些研究有助于可以突出了在一个尾矿的环境中细菌对地球化学过程的作用有着深远的影响。
3、细菌细胞形成的硅酸盐在许多不同的环境中,包括河流沉积物[12、13],矿山尾矿[8],温泉(14、15),硫化物泉水(道格拉斯,未发表的观察),硅酸盐矿物,通常的粘土状的组成和结构,发现均与细菌密切相关(见图1)。
细菌很可能有助于他们形成,而不是简单的粘合形成的碎屑矿物,而硅酸盐的组成显然与细菌细胞没有明显联系，这明显有别于那些经常发现的细胞。
此外,这些沉淀结构比那些在细菌细胞表面被发现的要透明且较大。
即使在溶解二氧化硅浓度较低的环境中,如淡水湖泊和河流,在细菌细胞表面发现像黏土一样的沉淀物。
粘土的金属含量通常是金属出现在水环境中的反映 [12]。
在某些情况下,以微生物群落在硅温泉为例,“纯”硅(即没有找到相关的金属离子)形成在细菌细胞附近,最终将他们包围在一个定形硅基质中。
这一过程可能类似于导致的保存在地质记录中细菌化石[16、17]。
在一项冰岛中温泉微生物垫研究中,人们发现,随着垫子深度的增加,细菌细胞的矿化日益加重,最终这一切仍是细菌表面被包裹在非晶质二氧化硅层中[14]。
尽管温泉水域有过饱和二氧化硅,但是硅酸盐矿物不会沉淀,除非有成核的表面,如一个细菌细胞的存在[18]。
实验室模拟微体化石的形成表明细胞暴露于像铁重金属离子等之前受到高硅浓度有长时间影响不管是否提高温度(60℃)均能更佳容易保存和保留[16]。
故得出预处理用铁抑制细胞的自溶酶的活性,从而防止细胞结构退化进而得到保存[16、18]。
根据这些结果,值得注意的是可识别的外壳结构仍在保留在冰二氧化硅基质中。
在这些硅酸盐中未发现铁或其他金属离子,表明金属浓度低于分析沉淀(即61%按重量)的能量色散x射线谱仪的检测范围。
在冰岛的另一个地方,发现铁硅酸盐封闭在细胞基质中，这表明在铁的存在时它是合理的,这些细胞可能在地质记录中最终保存为化石[15]。
最近,已经表明,细菌表面对硅酸盐离子也有好的吸附作用。
虽然细胞表面呈电负性,一些积极的胺组出现在细胞壁基质内。
在接近中性pH值,这些物质与硅酸盐阴离子相互作用,没有足够可用的组分来解释最终被沉淀出大量的硅酸盐。
额外的硅酸盐由于交叉作用及金属离子与硅离子在羧基或磷酰基细胞壁基质中而被固定[19]。
因此,带负电荷的硅酸聚合物也可以参与沉积。
导致贫硅酸盐矿物富集沉淀阶段沉淀的硅酸盐离子与细菌细胞表面有关，最终进入形成的透明和特殊的粘土阶段。
随着这些硅酸盐的生成同时他们也有着金属离子的吸附作用,增加细菌整体金属固定能力(20、21)。
然而,细菌细胞壁似乎有一个更大的金属离子亲和力比起粘土阶段,在每个重量的基础上,有一个更高的金属结合能力(22 -24)。
4.微生物和生物膜成因矿物碳质生物沉积结构被认为下三叠矿化微生物群落提供最好的研究的例子。
这种结构被保存在地质记录中，提供了过去的早期微生物活动和生活环境的信息。
现存生物岩目前仍然形成于某些特定的环境中，通常是在能够提供足够的阳光并且能躲避无脊椎动物侵害的温暖的浅海水域。
生物岩形成过程引起了长时间的争论，但微生物(尤其是细菌和蓝藻)为他们的沉积是必不可少的这一共识似乎正在形成。
这些结构基本上与一个微生物群落组成的一种主要的含氧的光养生物和微生物相关细粒度的碳酸盐沉淀(通常方解石和霰石)有关。
这些矿物的形成可能是由生理诱导蓝藻细胞周围的微环境，或可能是由于非生物地球化学因素，如从过饱和的方解石水环境蒸发，通常能在这些结构发现。
它可能是两者的结合，每一种类型在特定的时期占据主导位置，取决于季节环境变化。
不管碳酸钙形成的机制是什么样，很明显的是细菌细胞的存在是矿化作用必要条件。
也就是说，细菌为矿物沉积提供了集结位置。
它也表明，大量的单细胞凝胶状的鞘和丝状蓝藻对捕获非生物形成的沉淀十分重要。
生物岩通常由Kennard and James划分为两种主要结构类型。
叠层石有一个叠层截面结构，浅色富含碳酸盐条带状与黑色有机物质呈现层状交替出现。
随着时间的推移，胶结过程导致硬化层不再快速形成。
一般来说，细丝状的蓝藻细菌（与单细胞细菌相反）的存在形成了叠层岩中的微生物岩的结构，它们是垫子结构形成的决定性因素。