PETS3 2010年3月真题
2010年全国公共英语三级考试(pets3)全真模拟试卷(3)-中大网校
2010年全国公共英语三级考试(pets3)全真模拟试卷(3) 总分：100分及格：60分考试时间：120分Section I Listening Comprehension (25 minutes) 听力A(1)Where does the conversation most probably take place?(2)When will the bank open on Sundays?(3)What did the man ask the woman to do?(4)Where are the two speakers?(5)What can we assume from this conversation?(6)Why can’t they meet on Thursday?(7)What does the woman mean?(8)What does the woman mean?(9)Who is the man?(10)What are they talking about?听力B(1)Questions {TSE} are based on the following dialogue between an employer and an employee．(2)What kind of job is Katie looking for?(3)What qualifications does Katie have for the job?(4)Questions {TSE} are based on the following dialogue between a lawyer and his customer．(5)What’s the purpose of Mr．Tim’s visiting this time?(6)When did Mr．Mm go" to see me plot chosen by his son ?(7)Which material should the house be built of?(8)Questions {TSE} are based on the following dialogue in a travel agency．(9)Which tourist attraction is NOT mentioned in the dialogue?(10)What is NOT listed on the man’s schedule?(11)What call you infer from the dialogue?(12)Questions {TSE} are based on the following monologue on smoking．(13)Which substance in cigarette cause, cancer?(14)What do experts suggest people to do?(15)Why do smokers like low tar cigarettes?Section II Use of English (15 minutes) 英语常识(1)阅读下列文章，选出{TSE}题的最佳答案：(2)<Ahref="javascript:;"></A>(3)<Ahref="javascript:;"></A>(4)<Ahref="javascript:;"></A>(5)<Ahref="javascript:;"></A>(6)<Ahref="javascript:;"></A>(7)<Ahref="javascript:;">(8)<Ahref="javascript:;"></A>(9)<Ahref="javascript:;"></A>(10)<Ahref="javascript:;"></A>(11)<Ahref="javascript:;"></A>(12)<Ahref="javascript:;">(13)<Ahref="javascript:;"></A>(14)<Ahref="javascript:;"></A>(15)<Ahref="javascript:;"></A>(16)<Ahref="javascript:;"></A>(17)<Ahref="javascript:;">(18)<Ahref="javascript:;"></A>(19)<Ahref="javascript:;"></A>(20)<Ahref="javascript:;"></A>Section III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) 阅读理解A (1)<A href="javascript:;"></A>阅读下列短文，回答{TSE}题：(2)The factor which does NOT influence the size of the workforce is _______.(3)The conclusion which can be drawn the second paragraph is that _______.(4)When a population is said to be aging，_______.(5)The population which is top—heavy with older people poses a problem to _______.(6)<A href="javascript:;"></A>阅读下列短文，回答{TSE}题：(7)One of the elements to gain weight is _______.(8)Which of the following saying is true about dieting?(9)The phrase“starvation mode ”means _______．(10)The word“ shape” in the last sentence me ans _______.(11)阅读下列短文，回答{TSE}题：(12)Marie could hardly recognize the office she went into as _______.(13)The people in the office suddenly started working because _______.(14)We can infer from the text that the employees of t he enterprise _______.(15)The best title for this text would be _______.阅读理解B(1)<A href="javascript:;"></A><A href="javascript:;"></A>根据短文内容，回答{TSE}题：(2)Catherine _______.(3)Roget _______.(4)Briggs ______.(5)Bill _______.Section ⅣWriting (40 minutes) 写作A(1) Suppose you borrowed a novel from your friend Jane．However，after several days you suddenly found that you lost it．Write a letter of apology to Jane．Your letter should include：1）How did you lose it? 2）What’s your feeling and solution? You should write approximately l00 words．Do not sign your own name at the end of you letter．Use “Wang Lin”instead．You do not need to write the address．写作B(1)<A href="javascript:;"></A> Below is a table showing the killers in every l00 deaths in a city during the last three decades．Look at the graph and write an essay of about l20 words making reference to the following points：1）the distribution of killers in different decades and the general bend in these decades 2）the possible reasons for the distribution of these killers in thecity答案和解析Section I Listening Comprehension (25 minutes) 听力A(1) :C(2) :D(3) :B(4) :A(5) :D(6) :D(7) :A(8) :A(9) :B(10) :B听力B(1) :C(2) :D(3) :B(4) :C(5) :B(6) :C(7) :A(8) :D(9) :C(10) :C(11) :B(12) :B(13) :C(14) :D(15) :ASection II Use of English (15 minutes) 英语常识(1) :C<A ></A >{Page}此题考查对这篇文章的主要内容的宏观掌握。
2010年3月公共英语三级pets3试题及答案解析
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公共英语等级考试_2010年3月公共英语三级考试真题
2010年3月公共英语三级考试真题SECTION I Listening Comprehension(25 minutes)1-25 略SECTION Ⅱ Use of English(15 minutes)Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word or phrase for each numbered blank andmark A, B, C, or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.Even today in the modern, developed world, surveys show that parents still preferto have a boy rather than a girl. One longstanding reason why boys have been __26__as a greater blessing has been that they are __27__ to become better economicproviders __28__ their parents’ old age. Yet it is time for parents to __29__ again.Girls may now be a better investment.Girls get better __30__ at school than boys, and in most developed countries morewomen than men go to __31__. Women will thus be better __32__ for the new jobs ofthe __21__st century, in which brains __33__ a lot more than physical strength. InBritain far more women than men are now __34__ to become doctors. And women are more__35__ to provide sound advice on investing their parents’ nest egg. Surveys showthat women consistently __36__ higher financial returns than men do.__37__, the increase in female employment in the rich world has been the main __38__force of growth in the past couple of decades. Those women have __39__ more to globalGDP growth than have either new technology or the new giants, China and India. Addthe __40__ of housework and child-rearing, and women probably account __41__ justover half of the world output. It is __42__ that woman still get paid less and few__43__ it to the top of companies, but, __44__ prejudice fades over coming years,women will have great scope to __45__ their productivity and incomes.26. A. seen B. observed C. watched D.noticed27. A. forced B. persuaded C. expected D.trained28. A. with B. for C. toD. in29. A. discuss B. imagine C. think D.try30. A. chances B. jobs C. courses D.grades31. A. university B. work C. school D.class32. A. treated B. equipped C. arranged D.provided33. A. apply B. count C. develop D.manage34. A. tending B. dreaming C. training D.demanding35. A. courageous B. bold C. determined D.likely36. A. achieve B. accept C. attract D.adopt37. A. However B. Therefore C. Instead D.Furthermore38. A. driving B. balancing C. compensating D.promising39. A. attributed B. contributed C. distributed D.dedicated40. A. value B. profit C. benefitD. revenue41. A. as B. about C. forD. with42. A. dangerous B. likely C. natural D.true43. A. get B. climb C. makeD. arrive44. A. unless B. as C. sinceD. though45. A. harvest B. gain C. stretchD. increaseSECTION Ⅲ Reading Comprehension(40 minutes)Part ADirections:Read the following three texts. Answer thequestions on each text by choosing A, B,C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWERSHEET 1.Text 1Help,I’ve fallen into a sea of personal identification numbers (PIN) — andI can’tget out.It’s my third call in as many weeks and I recognize Beth’s voice immediately. I’m hoping she doesn’t recognize mine, but it’s obvious by her sudden shift fromwarm to frosty that she does. “You probably know why I’ve called,” I say. “Ican guess,” Beth responds flatly, having dealt with my type dozens of times alreadytoday. “Password problem?” She was right, I had forgotten it again.Like millions of others, I’m stuck in password hell. With computer key chains,bankcard PINs, voice-mail codes, and home alarm systems, things have spun outofcontrol. I have 32 secret codes (that I can think of).Experts warn that the best way to protect against identity theft is to neverreuse orwrite down your passwords and always be casual in your selections — don’t usepet names, or especially the names of ex-girlfriends. And it’s recommendedto change passwords often. But come on. Making it impossible for others to accessyourlife only makes living your life impossible. Surveys indicate that mostpeople usethe same one or two passwords for everything. After all, it’s not easy to producesomething casual, yet memorable. “When the information doesn’t apply to anythingin the real world, it’s very hard to get from the brain,”says Albert Katz, apsychology professor. That’s why some are shifting topicture passwords. Since thepictures can’t be written down or shared with another person, they’re more secure.And pictures, says Katz, are easier for the human brain to remember than numbersand letters.Better still is the day when access to everything will be just a fingerprint.But poorBeth will remain my Internet-banking savior. “All you need to do,” saysBeth, “istell me the secret password you set up for security purposes.” What? IfI can’tremember my PIN, how do you expect me to remember some secret word? But onmythird try I guess it and am once again allowed access to my very small fortune.Ithank Beth, but don’t make any promises. Both of us know we’ll speak again soon.46. From the text we learn that the writer _______.A. has a declining memoryB. has too many secret codesC. has trouble dealing with BethD. has problems with his bank accounts47. According to the text, Beth replied to the writer ______.A. uncooperativelyB.sympatheticallyC. consideratelyD.impatiently48. It is recommended by experts to ______.A. use the same one or two PINs all the timeB. keep passwords in mind instead of on paperC. set up several codes for Internet-banking accountsD. keep both number passwords and picture passwords49. It would be easier to memorize your PINs if you ______.A. produce them in a casual mannerB. use numbers instead of lettersC. relate them to the real worldD. change them frequently50. Which word best describes the tone of the writer?A. Critical.B.ScornfulC. HumorousD.Matter-of-factText 2Identical twins are a perfect test case for theories of personalitydevelopment. If a theory can’t explain the differences between identical twins, then it cannot explain environmental effects on personality. Even identical twins brought up in the same home have different personalities.Take Ladan and Laleh Bijani from Iran. They were identical twins who had spent their entire 29 years joined at the head. And yet, Ladan, the more outspoken of thepair, told journalists, “We are two completely separate individuals. We have different world views, we have different lifestyles, we think very differently about issues.” Why did Ladan and Laleh have different personalities?Self-organized systems in insects can provide us with some ideas. A colony of ants, for example, can be seen as a self-organized system. No supervisor tells the ants what to do, and yet all the jobs get done. The system works in such a way that if one ant carries out a particular job, it becomes less likely that anotherant will attempt that job because it no longer needs doing. The result is whateconomists call “division of labor.”Self-organizational so produces division of labor in human groups. Each individual looks forsomething to specialize in, his or her own suitable position in the group. Ifone position is occupied, the individual will seek another. This process increases the differences even between identical twins, because once they’ve chosen different specialities, a circular mechanism causes small initial differences between them to widen.Although identical twins look very much alike, people who know them well will distinguish between them. They might, for example, address more questions andcomments to one twin than the other —perhaps by chance first. But the consequence is that the twin who is addressed more often will do more talking than the other twin, which will cause people who know them to address still more of their questions and comments to that twin. The result, over time, will be one outspoken twin and one quieter one — like Ladan and Laleh Bijiani.51. According to the writer we learn that identical twins ______.A. differ in personalityB. differ in appearanceC. have the same lifestyleD. have the same outlook52. The ant colony is perceived to be well-organized because ______.A. each ant has the duty to help others on a jobB. each ant instinctively fulfills a different taskC. a particular group of ants does a particular jobD. a leading ant monitors the work of working ants53. It is said in the text that the working style of ants ischaracterized by ______.A. shifting rolesB.working shiftsC. division of laborD.collective efforts54. It can be inferred that the twin’s differences have much to dowith _______.A. their chosen lifestylesB. their respective responsibilitiesC. either physical or social factorsD. influences from inside and outside55. The purpose of the text is to _______.A. entertainB.persuadeC. informD.argueText 3Bernard Jackson is a free man today, but he has many bitter memories. Jackson spentfive years in prison after a jury wrongly convicted him of raping two women. AtJackson’s trial, although two witnesses testified that Jackson was with them in another location at the times of the crimes, he was convicted anyway. Why? Thejury believed the testimony of the two victims, who positively identified Jackson as the man who had attacked them. The court eventually freed Jacksonafter the police found the man who had really committed the crimes.Many factors influence the accuracy of eyewitness testimony. For instance, witnesses sometimes see photographs of several suspects before they try to identify theperson they saw in a lineup of people. They can become confused by seeing many photographs of similar faces. The number of people in the lineup, and whetherit is a live lineup or a photograph, may also affect a witness’s decision.People sometimes have difficulty identifying people of other races. The questions the police ask witnesses also have an effect on them.Despiteall the possibilities for inaccuracy, courts cannot exclude eyewitnesstestimony from a trial. American courts depend almost completely on eyewitnesstestimony to resolve court cases. Sometimes it is the only evidence to a crime,such as rape. Furthermore, eyewitness testimony is often correct. Althoughpeople do sometimes make mistakes, many times they really do identifyindividuals correctly.American courts depend on the ability of the twelve jurors, and not the judges, todetermine the accuracy of the witness’s testimony. It is their responsibility to decide if a certain witness could actually see, hear, and remember what occurred. Ina few cases the testimony of eyewitnesses has convicted innocent people. More importantly, it has rightly convicted a larger number of guilty people;consequently, it continues to be of great value in the American judicial system.56. Bernard Jackson was found guilty by the jury because ______.A. the victims insisted that he was the attackerB. the judge believed in the victims’ identificationC. the police discovered evidence leading to his guiltD. the eyewitnesses confirmed the victims’ testimony57. An eyewitness’ testimony is sometimes inaccurate because ______.A. he is of the same race as the suspectB. he is shown photos of many similar facesC. he lacks the professional help from the policeD. he has a small number of suspects in the lineup58. Eyewitness testimony is vital because ______.A. it can be relied on to detect criminals in all casesB. it is sometimes the only way to resolve court casesC. it is sometimes the only clue for police investigationD. it is more reliable than physical evidences to a crime59. An inaccurate eyewitness testimony may lead to ______.A. the dismissal of the caseB. the disbelief in the courtC. the disrespect for the eyewitnessD. the conviction of an innocent person60. From the text we know that _______.A. eyewitness testimony plays an essentialpart in the U.S. court trialB. police identification is more reliablethan that of ordinary peopleC. crime victims often fail to givepositive identification of the suspectsD. the jury relies more on the judge thanon the eyewitness for a decisionPart BDirections:Read the texts from a magazine’s LETTERS section in which five people wrote about happiness. For questions 61 to 65, match the name of each person to one of the statements (A to G) given below. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.Erum NadeemYour article on happiness lifted my spirits. There is one very interesting aspect to note: the eight steps to happiness listed on pages 32-33 may as well be translations of the values of our cultural tradition. If people would see our values from these aspects, there would be no misunderstanding — only happiness. Sander TidemanI applaud your special on the science of happiness. However, the issue would have been more complete had it mentioned the idea of viewing economic development policies in the context of “gross national happiness” or GNH. This concept is based on the recognition that gross national product does not accurately reflect the well-being of a nation. GNH is a bold idea with far-reaching effects. Since happiness has a scientific base, it can be developed and promoted on a larger social scale. Paul AbohHappiness is a gift, not a commodity. Even the poor have the ability to cultivate and share happiness. We can find pleasure in the small things we often take for granted — a smile, a helping hand, a kiss, a wave, a pat on the back, a glass of water and a promise kept. And when you discover its source, you know it. Sometimes happiness overflows, but it never destroys.Mansoor MalikHappiness is not a product of achievement or wealth or fame. It is the reaction of our mind to the environment. Faith in the values of our long-cherished cultural tradition is a source of well-being. Happiness comes from caring for others and giving whatever we can—help, hope, love, respect, sympathy or just a smile.Peter FischerAt a time when there seem to be so many reasons for being unhappy, I appreciated your special report on happiness. Surely the poorest kids in Africa who are without parents and are often hungry are the ones with the most reasons to be unhappy. What can possibly make them smile? As your article pointed out, however, we cannot wait for enough friends or a lot of money to make us happy. We have an amazing capacity to set ourselves right.Now match the name of each person (61 to 65) to the appropriate statement. Note: there are two extra statements.Statements61. Erum Nadeem [A] A rich person is not necessarily happy.62. Sander Tideman [B] Things people often overlook may be the very source of happiness.63. Paul Aboh [C] Happiness can be promoted on a scientific basis.64. Mansoor Malik [D] We should mainly rely on ourselves for happiness.65. Peter Fischer [E] Happiness lies in giving instead of taking.[F] The environment is a source of happiness.[G] Happiness can be achieved if we stick to the best of our values.SECTION IV Writing(40 minutes)Directions:You should write your responses to both Part A and Part B of this section on ANSWER SHEET 2.Part A66. Your American friend Peter Jones is coming to your hometown fora one-week visit. Write to him about:1) the weather conditions of your hometown for the season;2) the accommodation arrangements for him;3) the schedule for his sightseeing activities.You should write approximately 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of your e “Wang Lin” instead. You do not need to write the address. Part B67. Look at the picture below and write an essay of about 120 words making reference to the following two points:1) a description of the picture2) your attitude towards the phenomenon of private tutors。
大家网2010年3月高级口译真题(完整版)
2010年3月高级口译真题（完整版）点击下载MP3 (1)SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST (1)SECTION 2: READING TEST (2)SECTION 3: TRANSLATION TEST (30 minutes) (9)SECTION 4: LISTENING TEST (9)SECTION 5: READING TEST (30 minutes) (10)SECTION 6: TRANSLATION TEST (30 MINUTES) (14)2010年秋季口译复习资料（热点话题、词汇、音频等）汇总下载 (14)点击下载MP3SECTION 1: LISTENING TESTPart A SPOT DICTATIONYou probably know that asthma can cause breathing problems, so can kids with asthma play sports. ________(1). Being active and playing sports is an especially good idea if you have asthma. Why? Because it can ________(2). So they work better.Some athletes with asthma have done more than developed stronger lungs. They've played ________(3) and they've even won medals at the Olympic Games. Some sports are less likely to bother a person's asthma.________(4) are less likely to trigger flare-ups and so are sports like baseball, football and gymnastics.In some sports, you need to ________.(5) These activities may be harder for people with asthma. They ________ (6) long-distance running, cycling, soccer, basketball, cross-country skiing, ________(7). But that doesn't mean you can't play these sports if ________(8). In fact, many athletes with asthma have found that with the ________(9), they can do any sport they choose.But before playing sports, it's important that your asthma is ________(10). That means you are having lots of ________(11). To make this happen, it's very important that you ________ (12)just as your doctor tells you to. Even when ________(13), your doctor will also tell you other things you can do to avoid flare-ups. This may mean ________(14) when there is a lot of pollen in the air. wearing ________(15) when you play outside during the winter. Or making sure you always have time for ________(16).Make sure your coach and teammates know about your asthma. That way, they will understand if you ________ (17)because of breathing trouble. It's also helpful if your coach ________(18) if you have a flare-up. Listen to your body, and ________(19) your doctor gave you for handling breathing problems. And if you can keep your asthma in good control, you will be in the game and ________(20)!Part B.Questions 1 to 51. For which of the following factors did the man move out of New York city at first?2. What happens to the man's mother when she took her granddaughter to a show?3. How does the man's wife feel about living in the city?4. Apart from the interesting people, which other thing did the man like about big cities?5. The man and his family have lived in several places, which of the following is not one of these places? Question 6-10Q6: Which of the following statements is true about British Prime Minister's proposal?Q7: At what percentage did real GDP of Cananda increase in the third quarter of the year?Q8: What did the Dubai government decide to do on Thursday?Q9: Why did an estimated three thousand people march in central Geneve's main shopping street?Q10: What casualties did the derailment of an express train cause inRussia?Question 11-15Q11 According to the man being interviewed, what's the function of fengshui?Q12 What background does the man have?Q13 According to the man, there is fengshui in many parts of the world, which of the following is not one of the places that he mentions in the interview?Q14 Which of the following is a good example of fengshui being huge in the U. S?Q15 Which of the following of the statements is true about the man being interviewed?Question 16-20Q16 According to the talk, who is arrested recently for spanking a 5-year old boy?Q17 What does Mr. Dale Cover believe about spanking?Q18 Which of the following statements is true according the majority view among the parents in the New York University survey?Q19 Which of the following views do most experts probably disagree with?Q20 What percentage of parents in the United States today say they use corporal punishment?SECTION 2: READING TESTQuestion 1-5On the worst days, Chris Keehn used to go 24 hours without seeing his daughter with her eyes open. A soft-spoken tax accountant in Deloitte’s downtown Chicago office, he hated saying no when she asked for a ride to preschool. By November, he’d had enough. “I realized that I can have control of this,” he says with a small shrug. Keehn, 33, met with two of the firm’s partners and his senior manager, telling them he needed a change. They went for it. In January, Keehn started telecommuting four days a week, and when Kathryn, 4, starts T-ball this summer, he will be sitting along the baseline.In this economy, Keehn’s move might sound like hopping onto the mommy track—or off the career track. But he’s actually making a shrewd move. More and more, companies are searching for creative ways to save—by experimenting with reduced hours or unpaid furloughs or asking employees to move laterally. The up-or-out model, in which employees have to keep getting promoted quickly or get lost, may be growing outmoded. The changing expectations could persist after the economy reheats. Companies are increasingly supporting more natural growth, letting employees wend their way upward like climbing vines. It’s a shift, in other words, from a corporate ladder to the career-path metaphor long preferred by Deloitte vice chair Cathy Benko: a lattice.At Deloitte, each employee’s lattice is nailed together during twice-a-year evaluations focused not just on career targets but also on larger life goals. An employee can request to do more or less travel or client service, say, or to move laterally into a new role—changes that may or may not come with a pay cut. Deloitte’s data from 2008 suggest that about 10% of employees choose to “dial up” or “dial down” at any given time. Deloitte’s Mass Career Customization (MCC) program began as a way to keep talented women in the workforce, but it has quickly become clear that women are not the only ones seeking flexibility. Responding to millennials demanding better work-life balance, young parents needing time to share child-care duties and boomers looking to ease gradually toward retirement, Deloitte is scheduled to roll out MCC to all 42,000 U.S. employees by May 2010. Deloitte executives are in talks with more than 80 companies working on similar programs.Not everyone is on board. A 33-year-old Deloitte senior manager in a southeastern office, who works half-dayson Mondays and Fridays for health reasons and requested anonymity because she was not authorized to speak on the record, says one “old school” manager insisted on scheduling meetings when she wouldn’t be in the office. “He was like, ‘Yeah, I know we have the program,’ “she recalls, “‘but I don’t really care.’”Deloitte CEO Barry Salzberg admits he’s still struggling to convert “nonbelievers,” but says they are the exceptions. The recession provides an incentive for companies to design more lattice-oriented careers. Studies show telecommuting, for instance, can help businesses cut real estate costs 20% and payroll 10%. What’s more, creating a flexible workforce to meet staffing needs in a changing economy ensures that a company will still have legs when the market recovers. Redeploying some workers from one division to another—or reducing their salaries—is a whole lot less expensive than laying everyone off and starting from scratch.Young employees who dial down now and later become managers may reinforce the idea that moving sideways on the lattice doesn’t mean getting sidelined. “When I saw other people doing it,” says Keehn, “I thought I could try.” As the compelling financial incentives for flexibility grow clearer, more firms will be forced to give employees that chance. Turns out all Keehn had to do was ask.1. The author used the example of Chris Keehn _____.(A) to show how much he loved his daughter and the family(B) to tell how busy he was working as a tax accountant(C) to introduce how telecommuting changed the traditional way of working(D) to explore how the partners of a company could negotiate and cooperate smoothly2. What is the major purpose of shifting from a corporate ladder to the career path of lattice?(A) To take both career targets and larger life goals of employees into consideration.(B) To find better ways to develop one’s career in response to economic crisis.(C) To establish expectations which could persist after the economy reheats.(D) To create ways to keep both talented women and men in the workforce.3. The expression “on board” in the sentence “Not everyone is on board.” (para. 4) means _____.(A) going to insist on old schedules(B) concerned about work-life balance(C) ready to accept the flexible working system(D) accustomed to the changing working arrangement4. Which of the following is NOT the possible benefit of lattice-oriented careers for businesses?(A) reducing the costs on real estate.(B) cutting the salaries of employees.(C) forming a flexible workforce to meet needs in a changing economy.(D) keeping a workforce at the minimal level.5. According to the passage, the idea that “moving sideways on the lattice doesn’t mean getting sidelined”______.(A) would discourage employees from choosing telecommuting(B) might encourage more employees to apply for flexible work hours(C) would give employees more chances for their professional promotion(D) could provide young employees with more financial incentivesQuestions 6-10Right now, there’s little that makes a typical American taxpayer more resentful than the huge bonuses being dispersed at Wall Street firms. The feeling that something went terribly wrong in the way the financial sector is run—and paid—is widespread. It’s worth recalling that the incentive structures now governing executive pay in much of the corporate world were hailed as a miracle of human engineering a generation ago when they focused once-complacent ECOs with laser precision on steering companies toward the brightest possible futures.So now there’s a lot of talk about making incentives smarter. That may improve the way companies or banks are run, but only temporarily. The inescapable flaw in incentives, as 35 years of research shows, is that they get you exactly what you pay for, but it never turns out to be what you want. The mechanics of why this happens are pretty simple: Out of necessity, incentives are often based on an index of the thing you care about—like sound corporate leadership—that is easily measured. Share price is such an index of performance. Before long, however, people whose livelihoods are based on an index will figure out how to manipulate it—which soon makes the index a much less reliable barometer. Once share price determines the pay of smart people, they’ll find a way to move it up without improving—and in some cases by jeopardizing—their company.Incentives don’t just fail; they often backfire. Swiss economists Bruno Frey (University of Zurich) and Felix Oberholzer-Gee (Harvard Business School) have shown that when Swiss citizens are offered a substantial cash incentive for agreeing to have a toxic waste dump in their community, their willingness to accept the facility falls by half. Uri Gneezy (U.C. San Diego’s Rady School of Management) and Aldo Rustichini (University of Minnesota) observed that when Israeli day-care centers fine parents who pick up their kids late, lateness increases. And James Heyman (University of St. Thomas) and Dan Ariely (Duke’s Fuqua School of Business) showed that when people offer passers-by a token payment for help lifting a couch from a van, they are less likely to lend a hand than if they are offered nothing.What these studies show is that incentives tend to remove the moral dimension from decision-making. The day-care parents know they ought to arrive on time, but they come to view the fines as a fee for a service. Once a payoff enters the picture, the Swiss citizens and passersby ask, “What’s in my best interest?” The question they ask themselves when money isn’t part of the equation is quite different: “What are my responsibilities to my country and to other people?” Despite our abiding faith in incentives as a way to influence behavior. in a positive way, they consistently do the reverse.Some might say banking has no moral dimension to take away. Bankers have always been interested in making money, and they probably always will be, but they’ve traditionally been well aware of their responsibilities, too. Bankers worried about helping farmers get this year’s seed into the ground. They worried about helping a new business get off to a strong start or a thriving one to expand. They worried about a couple in their 50s having enough to retire on, and about one in their 30s taking on too big a mortgage. These bankers weren’t saints, but they served the dual masters of profitability and community service.In case you think this style. of banking belongs to a horse-and-buggy past, consider credit unions and community development banks. Many have subprime mortgage portfolios that remain healthy to this day. In large part, that’s because they approve loans they intend to keep on their books rather than securitizing and selling them to drive up revenue, which would in turn boost annual bonuses. And help bring the world economy to its knees.At the Group of 20 gathering in September, France and Germany proposed strict limits on executive pay. The U.S. Now has a pay czar, who just knocked down by half the compensation of 136 executives. But the absolute amounts executives are paid may be inconsequential. Most people want to do right. They want their work to improve the lives of others. As Washington turns its sights on reforms for the financial sector, it just might consider nudging the industry’s major players away from the time-dishonored tradition of incentives and toward compensation structures that don’t strip the moral dimension away from the people making big decisions.6. According to the passage, the incentive structures governing today’s executive pay in the corporate world_____.(A) are perfect and shall be continued(B) have gone wrong somewhere and should be remedied(C) are with inescapable flaws and must be stopped(D) have fundamentally improved the corporate management7. Which of the following best paraphrases the sentence “Incentives don’t just fail; they often backfire.” (para. 3)?(A) Incentives cannot promote the management of companies and banks; they often lead to corporate bankruptcy.(B) Incentives are only material stimulation, they can be used to destroy human morality.(C) Incentives do not achieve desired results, moreover, they often produce negative effect.(D) Incentives do not treat everything in terms of money and they are often used to change human mentality.8. According to the passage, with the current incentive structures, the rising of share prices _____.(A) is surely the reliable barometer of a company’s performances(B) will endanger the company and do harm to the share holders(C) is often driven up by corporate managers to boost their bonuses(D) proves the necessity of reforms for the financial sector9. The author introduced the “dual masters of profitability and community service” of the traditional bankers _____.(A) to support the view that “banking has no moral dimension”(B) to prove that bankers have always been interested in making money(C) to display that the traditional banking is healthier and more successful(D) to argue that bankers could be saints so long as they serve the community10. Which of the following can be the major conclusion of the author?(A) Strict limits should be imposed by the government on executive pay.(B) The time-dishonored tradition of incentive structures could jeopardize companies.(C) The financial sector could be reformed on the basis of compensation structures.(D) The moral dimension should be separated from incentive structures.Questions 11-15Quick quiz: Who has a more vitriolic relationship with the US? The French or the British. If you guessed the French, consider this: Paris newspaper polls show that 72 percent of the French hold a favorable impression of the United States. Yet UK polls over the past decade show a lower percentage of the British have a favorable impression of the United States.Britain’s highbrow newspaper, The Guardian, sets the UK’s intellectual tone. On any given day you can easily read a handful of stories sniping at the US and things American. The BBC’s Radio 4, which is a domestic news and talk radio station, regularly laments Britain’s social warts and follows them up with something that has become the national mantra, “Well, at least we’re not as bad as the Americans.”This isn’t a new trend: British abhorrence of America antedates George W. Bush and the invasion of Iraq. On 9/11 as the second plane was slamming into the World Trade Center towers my wife was on the phone with an English friend of many years. In the background she heard her friend’s teenage son shout in front of the TV, “Yeah! The Americans are finally getting theirs.” The animosity may be unfathomable to those raised to think ofBritain as “the mother country” for whom we fought two world wars and with whom we won the cold war.So what’s it all about?I often asked that during the years I lived in London. One of the best answers came from an Englishwoman with whom I shared a table for coffee. She said, “It’s because we used to be big and important and we aren’t any more. Now it’s America that’s big and important and we can never forgive you for that.” A detestation of things American has become as dependable as the tides on the Thames rising and falling four times a day. It feeds a flagging British sense of national self-importance.A new book documenting the virulence of more than 30 years of corrosive British animosity reveals how deeply rooted it has become in the UK’s national psyche. “[T]here is no reasoning with people who have come to believe America is now a ‘police state’ and the USA is a ‘disgrace across most of the world,’” writes Carol Gould, an American expatriate novelist and journalist, in her book “Don’t Tread on Me.”A brief experience shortly after George W. Bush’s invasion of Iraq illustrates that. An American I know was speaking on the street in London one morning. Upon hearing his accent, a British man yelled, “Take your tanks and bombers and go back to America.” Then the British thug punched him repeatedly. No wonder other American friends of mine took to telling locals they were from Canada. The local police recommended prosecution. But upon learning the victim was an American, crown prosecutors dropped the case even though the perpetrator had a history of assaulting foreigners.The examples of this bitterness continue:I recall my wife and I having coffee with a member of our church. The woman, who worked at Buckingham Palace, launched a conversation with, “Have you heard the latest dumb American joke?” which incidentally turned out to be a racial slur against blacks. It’s common to hear Brits routinely dismiss Americans as racists (even with an African-American president), religious nuts, global polluters, warmongers, cultural philistines, and as intellectual Untermenschen.The United Kingdom’s counterintelligence and security agency has identified some 5,000 Muslim extremists in the UK but not even they are denounced with the venom directed at Americans. A British office manager at CNN once informed me that any English high school diploma was equal to an American university degree. This predilection for seeing evil in all things American defies intellect and reason. By themselves, these instances might be able to be brushed off, but combined they amount to British bigotry.Oscar Wilde once wrote, “The English mind is always in a rage.” But the energy required to maintain that British rage might be better channeled into paring back what the Economist (a British news magazine) calls “an overreaching, and inefficient state with unaffordable aspirations around the world.” The biggest problem is that, as with all hatred, it tends to be self-destructive. The danger is that as such, it perverts future generations.The UK public’s animosity doesn’t hurt the United States if Americans don’t react in kind. This bigotry does hurt the United Kingdom, however, because there is something sad about a society that must denigrate and malign others to feed its own self-esteem. What Britain needs to understand is that this ill will has poisoned the enormous reservoir of good will Britain used to enjoy in America. And unless the British tweak their attitude, they stand to become increasingly irrelevant to the American people.11. Which of the following is NOT the example given by the author to show the British abhorrence of America?(A) A boy shouted “The Americans are finally getting theirs.” when watching TV on 9/11.(B) A woman working at Buckingham Palace told an American joke against blacks.(C) An American speaking on a London street was punched and no prosecution followed.(D) An English author once wrote, “the English mind is always in a rage.”12. The word “animosity” used in the passage can best be replaced by _____.(A) strong hatred (B) total indifference(C) great sympathy (D) sheer irrelevance13. The author quoted from the American novelist Carol Gould’s book _____.(A) to reveal how America has become a police state(B) to expand on the British attitude to America(C) to explain the changing course of British mentality to America(D) to document the past 30 years of relationship between Britain and America14. The author argues that the UK public opinion about America will _____.(A) undermine the relations between the UK and the US(B) be self-destructive to Great Britain(C) destroy the self-esteem of both the UK and the US(D) hurt the United States except the United Kingdom15. What is the best title for the passage?(A) “Police state”: America in the eyes of the UK public(B) “The mother country”: Britain and America fought two world wars(C) The British national psyche of self-importance(D) The ally the British love to hateQuestions 16-20History may soon become extinct in our secondary schools, only less missed and less lamented than before. A new study by the Historical Association found that 3 out of 10 comprehensives no longer bother to teach the subject, which isn’t part of the core curriculum after the age of 13. Only 30 per cent do GCSE history. The researchers interviewed 700 history teachers. Most British kids can name every contestant appearing in The X Factor, but a substantial number don’t know about the Battle of Trafalgar, 20 per cent believe the Germans, Spanish or Americans once occupied Britain and some think Winston Churchill was the first man to walk on the moon.And who were the dunces who decided to make this subject optional? Why the Tories when last they ruled over us. That was then. Today’s Tories are ardent History Boys, eager to return to the days when the past was hammered into the heads of the young, or embellished tales of glory to give British children an inheritance of innate superiority. Michael Gove, Shadow Schools Secretary for Children, has been banging on about this for a while and earlier this year the Tory Andrew Rosindell raised the issue in parliament, but regrettably turned a serious debate into brassy, right-wing patriotism: “The peoples of these magnificent British Isles...have a rich and proud history like no other”. Really, sir? So Fat Henry and his sorry wives or Churchill only have to stand up to blank out the histories of Egypt, Turkey, Mexico, Austria, Greece, India, France, Iran and other old lands? Many of us who long passionately for the reinstatement of history as a core GCSE subject are now concerned about the substance and purpose behind the Tory plans to do just that. They have a burning desire to use history as a feelgood hallucinogen, get its band of revisionist stars to head up the cavalry, to lead us back to the future. As this prospect approaches, at times I think the current state of ignorance may prove to be less harmful. When politicians exploit these and turn them into propaganda, the results can be lethal.We are not immune. Thousands of Britons today swallow the BNP’s message and vote for racist views, thus betraying the legacy of their iconic war against Nazism and the millions of Indians, Africans, Chinese, Caribbeans and others who fought with this country in both world wars. When the BBC hosts these blackguards on its most prestigious programmes and uses democracy as an excuse, it too is guilty of treacherous historicalamnesia. Arguably, the lack of good historical education makes our citizens more open to neo-Nazi brain-washers. Young Muslims too, are easily plucked off by charismatic Islamicists who weave fictionalised accounts of splendiferous Islamic epochs when they did no wrong and brought paradise to earth.There is another disconcerting trend. Britain is deeply conservative and these days looks back longingly to the Tudors, Georgians, Victorians, Edwardians, wartime Britons, and now the Sixties. Showman historians provide our public with an entertaining and comforting view of what has gone before. Audiences are never really forced to question things or feel troubled. If we are to reinstate history as a key subject in secondary schools, we must do so with a better understanding of its impact, and design the syllabus to tell as full a story as possible of this complicated nation and its connections to the world. Few in power have the imagination to take up this challenge because that would be too tricky. Yet our children have a right to learn about British fascism as well as the battles and ultimate victory over Hitler; they need to be taught about how this country set up the endless conflict in Palestine, and the mistakes made by the British government when Zimbabwe was created. Hardly anyone over 20 in Britain knows this. The coming generations surely must, if only to understand the games played during the bitter Cold War, particularly as we may be returning to those days.The long neglected positive aspects of our history also need to be exhumed. As left-wing historians often point out, the hard-won democratic rights we enjoy were not bestowed by kings and the landed gentry, but were wrested by oppressed peasants, industrial working classes and the abject poor. Most black, Asian and Arab British children do not know about the many white anti-Imperialist MPs and an alarming number are woefully ignorant of the erudite Arabists who loved the Middle East and its many cultures. If we had known better the history of Iraq and Afghanistan, our government might have avoided the foolhardy and disastrous interventions that have left us with no credit. I write here as one of the ignoramuses. I was not taught anything about Afghanistan and have only now started to understand a little more about the people and the places.Oscar Wilde wrote: “The one duty we owe to history is to rewrite it”. And having rewritten it as honestly as possible, to teach it to those who will inherit our land.16. When the author says “today’s Tories are ardent History Boys” (para. 2), he implies that _____.(A) the Tories should be responsible for having made the subject of history optional(B) the Tories have realised the mistakes they made in the past(C) the Tories plan to resume the course of history in secondary education(D) the Tories want to use history to gain back the ruling power of the country17. Which of the following is true?(A) Winston Churchill was a statesman in the 20th century British history.(B) The Germans, Spanish or Americans once occupied Britain.(C) British fascism led to the ultimate victory over Hitler in World War II.(D) The Battle of Trafalgar was fought in the Trafalgar Square in London.18. The passage mentions the histories of Egypt, Turkey, Mexico, Austria, Greece, India, France, Iran and other old lands _____.(A) to support the right-wing patriotism of the Tory Andrew Rosindell(B) to show the proud history of Great Britain over the past centuries(C) to question the right-wing patriotism of the Tory Andrew Rosindell(D) to agree with the Tories on the interpretation of the British history19. Which of the following is not the author’s major concern about the reinstatement of history as a core GCSE subject?。
【试卷】2010年3月全国英语等级听力考试 第二级真题及答案
2010年3月全国英语等级听力考试第二级第一节听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What is the man doing?［A］He is making an excuse.［B］He is making an apology.［C］He is giving suggestion.2. What is the speed now?［A］55 miles per hour.［B］70 miles per hour.［C］105 miles per hour.3. What is the woman doing?［A］Making a pair of trousers. ［B］Trying on clothes. ［C］Leaving a message.4. How many people are having the meal?［A］Two. ［B］Three. ［C］Four.5. What does the man mean?［A］He doesn’t feel like eating.［B］He doesn’t care what to eat.［C］He doesn’t like chicken.第二节听下面5段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段对话，回答第6和第7两个小题。
6. Who is the woman?［A］A hotel staff. ［B］A bank clerk. ［C］ A restaurant manager.7. Why is the man at the hotel?［A］To hold a business meeting.［B］To eat at the restaurant.［C］To spend his holidays.听下面一段对话，回答第8至第10三个小题。
2010年3月国家公共英语(三级)真题试卷(精选)(题后含答案及解析)
2010年3月国家公共英语（三级）真题试卷（精选）(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1.Even today in the modem, developed world, surveys show that parents still prefer to have a boy rather than a girl. One longstanding reason why boys have been 【C1】______as a greater blessing has been that they are【C2】______to become better economic providers【C3】______their parents’old age. Yet it is time for parents to【C4】______again. Girls may now be a better investment. Girls get better【C5】______at school than boys, and in most developed countries more women than men go to【C6】______. Women will thus be better【C7】______for the new jobs of the 21st century, in which brains【C8】______a lot more than physical strength. In Britain far more women than men are now【C9】______to become doctors. And women are more 【C10】______to provide sound advice on investing their parents’nest egg. Surveys show that women consistently【C11】______higher financial returns than men do. 【C12】______, the increase in female employment in the rich world has been the main【C13】______force of growth in the past couple of decades. Those women have 【C14】______more to global GDP growth than have either new technology or the new giants, China and India. Add the【C15】______of housework and child-rearing, and women probably account【C16】______just over half of the world output. It is 【C17】______that women still get paid less and few【C18】______it to the top of companies, but,【C19】______prejudice fades over coming years, women will have great scope to【C20】______their productivity and in comes.1．【C1】A．seenB．observedC．watchedD．noticed正确答案：A解析：本题考查动词词义辨析see看，observe观察，watch观看，notice注意到，此处是说男孩被看成是更大的恩惠，所以只有“see看”符合题意，故选A。
2010考研英语真题(含答案)
2010年全国硕士研究生统一考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C] or [D] on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)In 1924 America's National Research Council sent two engineers to supervise a series of industrial experiments at a large telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago. It hoped they would learn how stop-floor lighting1 workers' productivity. Instead, the studies ended 2 giving their name to the "Hawthorne effect", the extremely influential idea that the very 3 to being experimented upon changed subjects' behavior.The idea arose because of the 4 behavior of the women in the Hawthorne plant. According to 5 of the experiments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed. It did not 6 what was done in the experiment; 7something was changed, productivity rose. A(n) 8 that they were being experimented upon seemed to be 9 to alter workers' behavior 10itself.After several decades, the same data were 11 to econometric the analysis. Hawthorne experiments has another surprise store 12the descriptions on record, no systematic 13 was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting.It turns out that peculiar way of conducting the experiments may behave let to 14 interpretation of what happed. 15, lighting was always changed on a Sunday. When work started again on Monday, output 16rose compared with the previous Saturday and 17 to rise for the next couple of days. 18, a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Monday, workers 19 to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case, before 20 a plateau and then slackening off. This suggests that the alleged "Hawthorne effect" is hard to pin down.1. [A] affected [B] achieved [C] extracted [D] restored2. [A] at [B] up [C] with [D] off3. [A] truth [B] sight [C] act [D] proof4. [A] controversial [B] perplexing [C] mischievous [D] ambiguous5. [A] requirements [B] explanations [C] accounts [D] assessments6. [A] conclude [B] matter [C] indicate [D] work7. [A] as far as [B] for fear that [C] in case that [D] so long as8. [A] awareness [B] expectation [C] sentiment [D] illusion9. [A] suitable [B] excessive [C] enough [D] abundant10. [A] about [B] for [C] on [D] by11. [A] compared [B] shown [C] subjected [D] conveyed12. [A] contrary to [B] consistent with [C] parallel with [D] peculiar to13. [A] evidence [B] guidance [C] implication [D] source14. [A] disputable [B] enlightening [C] reliable [D] misleading15. [A] In contrast [B] For example [C] In consequence [D] As usual16. [A] duly [B] accidentally [C] unpredictably [D] suddenly17. [A] failed [B] ceased [C] started [D] continued20. [A] breaking [B] climbing [C] surpassing [D] hitting Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text 1Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage.It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers. Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews. To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies.We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II, at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which itappeared. In those far-off days, it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered. Theirs was a serious business, and even those reviewers who wore their learning lightly, like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman, could be trusted to know what they were about. These men believed in journalism as a calling, and were proud to be published in the daily press. “So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in journalism,” Newman wrote, “that I am tempted to define ‘journalism’ as ‘a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are.’”Unfortunately, these critics are virtually forgotten. Neville Cardus, who wrote for the Manchester Guardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975, is now known solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket. During his lifetime, though, he was also one of England’s foremost classical-music critics, a stylist so widely admired that his Autobiography (1947) became a best-seller. He was knighted in 1967, the first music critic to be so honored. Yet only one of his books is now in print, and his vast body of writings on music is unknown save to specialists.Is there any chance that Cardus’s crit icism will enjoy a revival? The prospect seems remote. Journalistic tastes had changed long before his death, and postmodern readers have little use for the richly upholstered Vicwardian prose in which he specialized. Moreover, the amateur tradition in music criticism has been in headlong retreat.21. It is indicated in Paragraphs 1 and 2 that[A] arts criticism has disappeared from big-city newspapers.[B] English-language newspapers used to carry more arts reviews.[C] high-quality newspapers retain a large body of readers.[D] young readers doubt the suitability of criticism on dailies.22. Newspaper reviews in England before World War II were characterized by[A] free themes.[B] casual style.[C] elaborate layout.[D] radical viewpoints.23. Which of the following would Shaw and Newman most probably agree on?[A] It is writers' duty to fulfill journalistic goals.[B] It is contemptible for writers to be journalists.[C] Writers are likely to be tempted into journalism.[D] Not all writers are capable of journalistic writing.24. What can be learned about Cardus according to the last two paragraphs?[A] His music criticism may not appeal to readers today.[B] His reputation as a music critic has long been in dispute.[C] His style caters largely to modern specialists.[D] His writings fail to follow the amateur tradition.25. What would be the best title for the text?[A] Newspapers of the Good Old Days[B] The Lost Horizon in Newspapers[C] Mournful Decline of Journalism[D] Prominent Critics in MemoryText 2Over the past decade, thousands of patents have been granted for what are called business methods. received one for its "one-click"online payment system. Merrill Lynch got legal protection for an asset allocation strategy. One inventor patented a technique for lifting a box.Now the nation's top patent court appears completely ready to scale back on business-method patents, which have been controversial ever since they were first authorized 10 years ago. In a move that has intellectual-property lawyers abuzz the U.S. court of Appeals for the federal circuit said it would use a particular case to conduct a broad review of business-method patents. In re Bilski, as the case is known , is "a very big deal", says Dennis D. Crouch of the University of Missouri School of law. It "has the potential to eliminate an entire class of patents."Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face, because it was the federal circuit itself that introduced such patents with is 1998 decision in the so-called state Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund assets. That ruling produced an explosion in business-method patent filings, initially by emerging internet companies trying to stake out exclusive rights to specific types of online transactions. Later, move established companies raced to add such patents to their files, if only as a defensive move against rivals that might beat them to the punch. In 2005, IBM noted in a court filing that it had been issued more than 300 business-method patents despite the fact that it questioned the legal basis for granting them. Similarly, some Wall Street investment films armed themselves with patents for financial products, even as they took positions in court cases opposing the practice.The Bilski case involves a claimed patent on a method for hedging risk in the energy market. The Federal circuit issued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard by all 12 of the court's judges, rather than a typical panel of three, and that one issue it wants to evaluate is whetherit should "reconsider" its state street Bank ruling.The Federal Circuit's action comes in the wake of a series of recent decisions by the supreme Court that has narrowed the scope of protections for patent holders. Last April, for example the justices signaled that too many patents were being upheld for "inventions" that are obvious. The judges on the Federal circuit are "reacting to the anti-patent trend at the Supreme Court", says Harold C. Wegner, a patent attorney and professor at George Washington University Law School.26. Business-method patents have recently aroused concern because of[A] their limited value to business[B] their connection with asset allocation[C] the possible restriction on their granting[D] the controversy over authorization27. Which of the following is true of the Bilski case?[A] Its ruling complies with the court decisions[B] It involves a very big business transaction[C] It has been dismissed by the Federal Circuit[D] It may change the legal practices in the U.S.28. The word "about-face" (Line 1, Para 3) most probably means[A] loss of good will[B] increase of hostility[C] change of attitude[D] enhancement of dignity29. We learn from the last two paragraphs that business-method patents[A] are immune to legal challenges[B] are often unnecessarily issued[C] lower the esteem for patent holders[D] increase the incidence of risks30. Which of the following would be the subject of the text?[A] A looming threat to business-method patents[B] Protection for business-method patent holders[C] A legal case regarding business-method patents[D] A prevailing trend against business-method patentsText 3In his book The Tipping Point, Malcolm Gladwell argues that social epidemics are driven in large part by the acting of a tiny minority of special individuals, often called influentials, who are unusually informed, persuasive, or well-connected. The idea is intuitively compelling, but it doesn't explain how ideas actually spread.The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible sounding but largely untested theory called the "two step flow of communication": Information flows from the media to the influentials and from them to everyone else. Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials, those selected people will do most of the work for them. The theory also seems to explain the sudden and unexpected popularity of certain looks, brands, or neighborhoods. In many such cases, a cursory search for causes finds that some small group of people was wearing, promoting, or developing whatever it is before anyone else paid attention. Anecdotal evidence of this kind fits nicely with the idea that only certain special people can drive trendsIn their recent work, however, some researchers have come up with the finding that influentials have far less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed. In fact, they don't seem to be required of all.The researchers' argument stems from a simple observing about social influence, with the exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey—whose outsize presence is primarily a function of media, not interpersonal, influence—even the most influential members of a population simply don't interact with that many others. Yet it is precisely these non-celebrity influentials who, according to the two-step-flow theory, are supposed to drive social epidemics by influencing their friends and colleagues directly. For a social epidemic to occur, however, each person so affected, must then influence his or her own acquaintances, who must in turn influence theirs, and so on; and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential. If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant, for example from the initial influential prove resistant, for example the cascade of change won't propagate very far or affect many people.Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence, the researchers studied the dynamics of populations manipulating a number of variables relating of populations, manipulating a number of variables relating to people's ability to influence others and their tendency to be influenced. Our work shows that the principal requirement for what we call "global cascades"–the widespread propagation of influence through networks – is the presence not of a few influentials but, rather, of a critical mass of easily influenced people, each of whom adopts, say, a look or a brand after being exposed to a single adopting neighbor. Regardless of how influential an individual is locally, he or she can exert global influence only if this critical mass is available to propagate a chain reaction.31. By citing the book The Tipping Point, the author intends to[A] analyze the consequences of social epidemics[B] discuss influentials' function in spreading ideas[C] exemplify people's intuitive response to social epidemics[D] describe the essential characteristics of influentials.32. The author suggests that the "two-step-flow theory"[A] serves as a solution to marketing problems[B] has helped explain certain prevalent trends[C] has won support from influentials[D] requires solid evidence for its validity33. What the researchers have observed recently shows that[A] the power of influence goes with social interactions[B] interpersonal links can be enhanced through the media[C] influentials have more channels to reach the public[D] most celebrities enjoy wide media attention34. The underlined phrase "these people" in paragraph 4 refers to the ones who[A] stay outside the network of social influence[B] have little contact with the source of influence[C] are influenced and then influence others[D] are influenced by the initial influential35. what is the essential element in the dynamics of social influence?[A] The eagerness to be accepted[B] The impulse to influence others[C] The readiness to be influenced[D] The inclination to rely on othersText 4Bankers have been blaming themselves for their troubles in public.Behind the scenes, they have been taking aim at someone else: the accounting standard-setters. Their rules, moan the banks, have forced them to report enormous losses, and it's just not fair. These rules say they must value some assets at the price a third party would pay, not the price managers and regulators would like them to fetch.Unfortunately, banks' lobbying now seems to be working. The details may be unknowable, but the independence of standard-setters, essential to the proper functioning of capital markets, is being compromised. And, unless banks carry toxic assets at prices that attract buyers, reviving the banking system will be difficult.After a bruising encounter with Congress, America's Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) rushed through rule changes. These gave banks more freedom to use models to value illiquid assets and more flexibility in recognizing losses on long-term assets in their income statement. Bob Herz, the FASB's chairman, cried out against those who "question our motives." Yet bank shares rose and the changes enhance what one lobby group politely calls "the use of judgment by management."European ministers instantly demanded that the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) do likewise. The IASB says it does not want to act without overall planning, but the pressure to fold when it completes it reconstruction of rules later this year is strong. Charlie McCreevy, a European commissioner, warned the IASB that it did "not live in a political vacuum" but "in the real word" and that Europe could yet develop different rules.It was banks that were on the wrong planet, with accounts that vastly overvalued assets. Today they argue that market prices overstate losses, because they largely reflect the temporary illiquidity of markets, not the likely extent of bad debts. The truth will not be known for years. But bank's shares trade below their book value, suggesting that investorsare skeptical. And dead markets partly reflect the paralysis of banks which will not sell assets for fear of booking losses, yet are reluctant to buy all those supposed bargains.To get the system working again, losses must be recognized and dealt with. America's new plan to buy up toxic assets will not work unless banks mark assets to levels which buyers find attractive. Successful markets require independent and even combative standard-setters. The FASB and IASB have been exactly that, cleaning up rules on stock options and pensions, for example, against hostility from special interests. But by giving in to critics now they are inviting pressure to make more concessions.36. Bankers complained that they were forced to[A] follow unfavorable asset evaluation rules[B] collect payments from third parties[C] cooperate with the price managers[D] reevaluate some of their assets.37. According to the author , the rule changes of the FASB may result in[A] the diminishing role of management[B] the revival of the banking system[C] the banks' long-term asset losses[D] the weakening of its independence38. According to Paragraph 4, McCreevy objects to the IASB's attempt to[A] keep away from political influences.[B] evade the pressure from their peers.[C] act on their own in rule-setting.[D] take gradual measures in reform.39. The author thinks the banks were "on the wrong planet" in thatthey[A] misinterpreted market price indicators[B] exaggerated the real value of their assets[C] neglected the likely existence of bad debts.[D] denied booking losses in their sale of assets.40. The author's attitude towards standard-setters is one of[A] satisfaction.[B] skepticism.[C] objectiveness[D] sympathyPart BDirections:For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable paragraphs from the list A-G and fill them into the numbered boxes to form a coherent text. Paragraph E has been correctly placed. There is one paragraph which does not fit in with the text. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1. (10 points)[A] The first and more important is the consumer's growing preference for eating out; the consumption of food and drink in places other than homes has risen from about 32 percent of total consumption in 1995 to 35 percent in 2000 and is expected to approach 38 percent by 2005. This development is boosting wholesale demand from the food service segment by 4 to 5 percent a year across Europe, compared with growth in retail demand of 1 to 2 percent. Meanwhile, as the recession is looming large, people are getting anxious. They tend to keep a tighter hold on their purse and consider eating at home a realistic alternative.[B] Retail sales of food and drink in Europe's largest markets are at a standstill, leaving European grocery retailers hungry foropportunities to grow. Most leading retailers have already tried e-commerce, with limited success, and expansion abroad. But almost all have ignored the big, profitable opportunity in their own backyard: the wholesale food and drink trade, which appears to be just the kind of market retailers need.[C] Will such variations bring about a change in the overall structure of the food and drink market? Definitely not. The functioning of the market is based on flexible trends dominated by potential buyers. In other words, it is up to the buyer, rather than the seller, to decide what to buy .At any rate, this change will ultimately be acclaimed by an ever-growing number of both domestic and international consumers, regardless of how long the current consumer pattern will take hold.[D] All in all, this clearly seems to be a market in which big retailers could profitably apply their scale, existing infrastructure and proven skills in the management of product ranges, logistics, and marketing intelligence. Retailers that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe may well expect to rake in substantial profits thereby. At least, that is how it looks as a whole. Closer inspection reveals important differences among the biggest national markets, especially in their customer segments and wholesale structures, as well as the competitive dynamics of individual food and drink categories. Big retailers must understand these differences before they can identify the segments of European wholesaling in which their particular abilities might unseat smaller but entrenched competitors. New skills and unfamiliar business models are needed too.[E] Despite variations in detail, wholesale markets in the countries that have been closely examined—France, Germany, Italy, and Spain—are made out of the same building blocks. Demand comes mainly from two sources: independent mom-and-pop grocery stores which, unlike large retail chains,are two small to buy straight from producers, and food service operators that cater to consumers when they don't eat at home. Such food service operators range from snack machines to large institutional catering ventures, but most of these businesses are known in the trade as "horeca": hotels, restaurants, and cafes. Overall, Europe's wholesale market for food and drink is growing at the same sluggish pace as the retail market, but the figures, when added together, mask two opposing trends.[F] For example, wholesale food and drink sales come to $268 billion in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom in 2000—more than 40 percent of retail sales. Moreover, average overall margins are higher in wholesale than in retail; wholesale demand from the food service sector is growing quickly as more Europeans eat out more often; and changes in the competitive dynamics of this fragmented industry are at last making it feasible for wholesalers to consolidate.[G] However, none of these requirements should deter large retailers (and even some large good producers and existing wholesalers) from trying their hand, for those that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe stand to reap considerable gains.41→42→43→44→E→45Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written carefully on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)One basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly on economic motives is that most members of the land community have no economic value. Yet these creatures are members of the biotic community and, if itsstability depends on its integrity, they are entitled to continuance.When one of these noneconomic categories is threatened and, if we happen to love it .We invert excuses to give it economic importance. At the beginning of century songbirds were supposed to be disappearing. (46) Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them. the evidence had to be economic in order to be valid.It is painful to read these round about accounts today. We have no land ethic yet, (47) but we have at least drawn near the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.A parallel situation exists in respect of predatory mammals and fish-eating birds. (48) Time was when biologists somewhat over worded the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on "worthless" species.Some species of tree have been read out of the party by economics-minded foresters because they grow too slowly, or have too low a sale vale to pay as timber crops. (49) In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community, to be preserved as such, within reason.To sum up: a system of conservation based solely on economic self-interest is hopelessly lopsided. (50) It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning. It assumes, falsely, I think, that the economic parts of the biotic clock will function without the uneconomic parts.Section ⅢWritingPart A51. Directions:You are supposed to write for the postgraduate association a notice to recruit volunteers for an international conference on globalization, you should conclude the basic qualification of applicant and the other information you think relative.You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "postgraduate association" instead.Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) explain its intended meaning, and then3) give your comments.You should write neatly on ANSHWER SHEET 2. (20 points)2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题答案Section I: Use of English (10 points)Section II: Reading Comprehension (60 points)Part A (40 points)Part B (10 points)Part C (10 points)46.科学家们提出一些明显站不住脚的证据迅速来拯救，其大意是：如果鸟类无法控制害虫，那么这些害虫就会吃光我们人类。
2010年考研数学三真题及解析
(II) 求 Cov X, Y .
2010 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试数学三解析
一、选择题： 1～ 8 小题，每小题 4 分，共 32 分，下列每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项符合题目要求的，
请将所选项前的字母填在答题纸指定位置上
.
(1) 【分析】 通分直接计算等式左边的极限，进而解出 a.
1 【详解】 由于 lim[
（ 10）【分析】 利用旋转体的体积公式即得。计算时须注意这是一个反常积分。
【详解】 V
y2( x)dx
e
1 e x(1 ln 2 x) dx
2
lim[ arc tan(ln x) ]
x
44
（ 11）【分析】 此题考查弹性的定义及可分离变量微分方程的解法，利用弹性的定义列方程，然后解此微分方程
【详解】 由弹性的定义知，收益弹性为
(18) (本题满分 10 分 )
(1)比较
1
ln t [ln(1
t )] ndt 与 1t n ln t dt(n
1,2,
) 的大小 ,说明理由。
0
0
1
(2)记 un
ln t [ln(1
0
t)] n dt,( n
1,2,
) 求极限
lim
n
un 。
（ 19） (本题满分 10 分 )
设函数 f x 在闭区间 0, 3 上连续 , 在开区间 0, 3 内存在二阶导数 , 且
x0
1
dx
法二：由
x
y
e
t2 dt
x x sint 2dt ，令 x 0 得 y 0
0
0
等式两端对 x 微分得 e (x y )2 (dx dy) ( x sin t 2dt)dx x sin x2dx 0
2010年考研英语真题及答案完整解析
2010年考研英语真题与答案解析从2010年开始，全国硕士研究生入学考试的英语试卷分为了英语（一）和英语（二）。
英语（一）即原统考“英语”。
英语（二）主要是为高等院校和科研院所招收专业学位硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的统考科目。
英语一考试形式、考试内容与试卷结构（一）考试形式考试形式为笔试。
考试时间为180分钟。
满分为100分。
试卷包括试题册和答题卡。
答题卡分为答题卡1和答题卡2。
考生应将1~45题的答案按要求填涂在答题卡1上，将46~52题的答案写在答题卡2上。
（二）考试内容试题分三部分，共52题，包括英语知识运用、阅读理解和写作。
第一部分英语知识运用该部分不仅考查考生对不同语境中规范的语言要素（包括词汇、表达方式和结构）的掌握程度，而且还考查考生对语段特征（如连贯性和一致性等）的辨识能力等。
共20小题，每小题0.5分，共10分。
在一篇240~280词的文章中留出20个空白，要求考生从每题给出的4个选项中选出最佳答案，使补全后的文章意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。
考生在答题卡1上作答。
第二部分阅读理解该部分由A、B、C三节组成，考查考生理解书面英语的能力。
共30小题，每小题2分，共60分。
A节（20小题）：主要考查考生理解主旨要义、具体信息、概念性含义，进行有关的判断、推理和引申，根据上下文推测生词的词义等能力。
要求考生根据所提供的4篇（总长度约为1600词）文章的内容，从每题所给出的4个选项中选出最佳答案。
考生在答题卡1上作答。
B节（5小题）：主要考查考生对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征以及文章结构的理解。
本部分有3种备选题型。
每次考试从这3种备选题型中选择一种进行考查。
考生在答题卡1上作答。
备选题型有：1）本部分的内容是一篇总长度为500~600词的文章，其中有5段空白，文章后有6~7段文字。
要求考生根据文章内容从这6~7段文字中选择能分别放进文章中5个空白处的5段。
2）在一篇长度约500~600词的文章中，各段落的原有顺序已被打乱，要求考生根据文章的内容和结构将所列段落（7~8个）重新排序，其中有2~3个段落在文章中的位置已给出。
2010年三级英语试题
2010年三级英语试题Part I Reading Comprehension (30%)Directions: There are three passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Y ou should decide on the best choice and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet. Passage 1Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:The multi-billion-dollar Western pop music industry is under fire. It is being blamed by the United Nations for the dr amatic rise in drug abuse worldwide. “The most worrying development is a culture of drug-friendliness,”says the UN's International Narcotics Control Board in a report released last year.The 74-page study says that pop music, as a global industry, is by far the most influential trend-setter for young people of most cultures.“Some songs encourage people to take drugs. (76) Certain pop stars make statements and set examples as if the use of drugs for non-medicinal purposes were a normal and acceptable part of a person's lifestyle,”the study says.Surprisingly, says the Board, the effect of drug-friendly pop music seems to survive despite the occasional shock of death by overdose (过量用药). “Such incidents tend to be seen as an occasion to mourn (哀悼) the loss of a role model, and not an opportunity to face the deadly effect of drug use,”it notes. Since the 1970s, several internationally famous singers and movie stars--including Elvis Presley, Janice Joplin, John Belushi, Jimi Hendrix, Jonathan Melvin and Andy Gibbs--have died of eitherdrug abuse or drugrelated illnesses. With the globalization of popular music, messages promoting, drug abuse are now reaching beyond their countries of origin. “In most countries, the names of certain POP stars have become familiar to the members of every household,”the s tudy says.The UN study also blames the media for its description of certain drug incidents, which encourages rather than prevents drag abuse. “Over the past years, we have seen how drug abuse is increasingly regarded as being acceptable or even attracti ve,”says Hamid Ghodse, president of the Board. “Powerful pressure groups mn political campaigns aimed at legalizing controlled drugs,”he says. Ghodse also points out that all thee developments have created an environment which is tolerant(容忍的) of or even favorable to drug abuse and spoils international drug prevention effortscurrently under way.The study focuses on demand reduction and prevention within an environment that has become tolerant of drug abuse. The Board calls on governments to do their legal and moral duties,and to act against the pro-drug (赞成吸毒) messages of the youth culture to which young people increasingly are be'rug exposed.1. Which of the following statements does ,the author tend to agree with?A. The use of drags for non-medicinal purposes is, an acceptable part of a person's lifestyle.B. The spreading ofpop music may cause drag abuse to go beyond country boundaries.C. No efforts have been made to prevent the spreading of drag abuse.D. Governments have no ability to act against the pro-drag messages of the youth culture.2. The expression “under fire”? in the first paragraph meansA. in an urgent situationB. facing some problemsC. being criticizedD. in trouble3. From the third paragraph, we learn that the youthA. tend to mourn the pop stars who died of overdose as role modelsB. are shocked to know even pop stars may abuse damgesC. try to face the deadly effect of drug useD. may stop abusing drugs4. Which of the following is. not mentioned as tolerant of drug abuse?A. The spreading of pop music.B. The media.C. Political campaigns run by powerful pressure groups.D. The low price of some drags.5. According to the passage, pop musicA. has a great influence on young people of most culturesB. attracts a small number of young peopleC. is not a profitable industryD. is alone responsible for drug abusePassage 2Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:There are many older people in the world and there will be manymore. A like-known fact is that over 60 percent of the older people live in developing countries. According to the World Health Organization, by 2020 there will be 1 billion, with over 700 million living in developing countries.It is a surprising fact that the population ageing is particularly rapid in developing countries. For example, it took France 115 years for the proportion of older people to double from 7 percent to 14 percent. It is estimated to take China a mere 27 years to achieve this same increase.What are the implications of these increased numbers of older folk? (77) One of the biggestworries for governments is that the longer people live. the more likelihood there is for diseases and for disability( 残疾). Attention is being paid to the need to keep people as healthy as possible, including during old age, to lessen the financial burden on the state.(78) Another significant problem is the need for the younger generations to understand and value the older people in their society. In some African countries, certainly in Asia, older people are respected and regarded as the ones~ with special knowledge. Y et traditions are fading away daily, which does not ensure the continued high regard of older people. As society changes, attitudes will change.Much needs to be done to get rid of age discrimination (歧视) in employment. Life-long learning programs need to be provided to enable older peopleto be active members in a country's development.Social security policies need to be established to provide adequate income protection for older people. Both public and private schemes are vital in order to, build a suitable safety net.To achieve equality in such matters will take considerable time and effort. One thing is sure: there is no time to be lost.6. The proportion of older peopleA. is bigger in developed countries than in developing countriesB. is one-seventh of the population developing countriesC. will increase much faster in China than in FranceD. will be sixty percent in developing countries by 20207. According to the passage, which of the following are governments most worded about?A. The diseases and disability of older people.B. The longer life and good health of people.C. The loss of taxes on older people.D. The increasing respect for older people.8. It is stated directly in the passage that older people shouldA. be treated differently in different culturesB. enjoy a similar lifestyleC. be ignored as society changesD. be valued by the younger generations9. Which of the following measures is NOT mentioned to solve the population ageing problem?A. Getting rid of age discrimination in employment.B. Ensuring adequate income protection for older people.C. Providing free health care for sick older people.D. Supplying life-long learning programs to older people.10. The author concludes in the last paragraph thatA. governments have spent lots of time in solving the ageing problemB. population ageing is a hard problem, but it needs to be solved urgentlyC. people are too busy to solve the population ageing problemD. much time and effort will be lost in solving the ageing problemPassage 3Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:(79) Extensive new studies suggest that the world has, made extraordinary progress in reducing poverty in recent decades. The research suggests that the pace of economic progress has been rapid and continued for decades, built on the foundations of relative political stability, rising trade, and economic liberalization (自由化) after two world wars. One new study, published recently by the Institute for International Economics in Washington, finds that the proportion of the 6.1 billion people in the world who live on $1 a day or less shrank from 63 .percent in 1950 to 35 percent in 1980 and 12 percent in 1999. By some other measures, the progress has been more modest. Still, economists agree that poverty has plunged in key nations such as India and especially China, thanks to slowing population growth as well as economic free dom. “This is a huge success for the world as a whole,”says Harvard University economist Richard Cooper. “We are doing something right.”The news comes as the World Bank is about to open its annual meeting in Washington' an event that has been troubled in recent years by protests that the Bank and its sister institution, the International Monetary Fund (IMF国际货币基金组织), have done too little for the world's poor.(80) The new economic research will not put an end to that dispute. V ast populations remain poor, and many still question the wisdom of World Bank policies. Nonetheless, the research findings are helpful to understand what policies should be followed by those institutions and hundreds of other development groups working very hard to hasten the pace of world economic progress. If dramatic gains are under way, the present policies-- calling for open markets, free business activities, and tight monetary control are working and correct.But critics of IMF and World Bank policies maintain that such economic. success stories as Japan, China, South Korea and Singapore are rooted in more than just "free', markets. These nations have managed to grow rapidly, and thereby reduce poverty, by limiting imports when their domestic industries were yotmg, pushing exports to rich nations, and putting controls on purely international financial flows. They have been open to foreign-owned factories but have ofteninsisted that those investors share"the knowledge and skill on modem technologies,11. The word “plunged” in the firs paragraph meansA. decreasedB. ClimbedC. increasedD. dropped into water12. From the passage, we learn that__________A. World Bank has done nothing to help the poor in the worldB. IMF only helps the rich in the worldC. World Bank controls all the banks in the worldD. there are some demonstrations against World Bank in recent years13. According to this passage, in__________, the world had the largest number of poor people.A. 1999B. 1980C. 1950D. 199014. According to the author, the economy of East Asian countries grew very fast because of the following measures EXCEPT__________A. encouraging exportB. opening up to foreign investmentsC. limiting international financial flowsD. controlling import15. The best title for this passage might be__________.A. China's Contribution to the Reduction of Poverty in the WorldB. World Bank's Extraordinary Progress in Recent DecadesC. India's Leading Role in Reducing Global PovertyD. Global Progress in Reducing PovertyPart Ⅱ V ocabulary and Structure (30%)Directions: In this part there are 30 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then blacken the Corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.16. It was hard for him to learn English in a family, in which of the parents spoke the language.A. noneB. neitherC. bothD. each17. Y ou'd better go there by train. The train ticket is __________ the plane ticket.A. as cheap three times asB. as three times cheapC. three times as cheap asD. cheaper three times than18. This new machines technically far__________ to the previous type.A. Superior:B. juniorC. seniorD. equal19. There is a great deal of evidence ____that music activities engage different parts of thebrain.A. indicateB. IndicatingC. indicatedD. to be indicating20. She became the first woman to enter the school but with drew after a few days _____ stress.A. because ofB. in spite ofC. instead ofD. In honor of21.______is known to us all is that the 2012 Olympic Games will be held in London.A. ItB. WhatC. AsD. Which22. The discovery of these tombs is __________for scholars' studying Chinese history.A. of very importantB. great significantC. of great significanceD. greatly importance23. Sean's strong love for his country is______ in his recently published poems.A. relievedB. ReflectedC. respondedD. recovered24. Would Y ou please keep silent? The weather report __________and I want to listen.A. is broadcastB. is being broadcastC. has been broadcastD. had been broadcast25. The teacher stress edagain that'the students should not ______any important details while retelling the story.A. bring outB. let outC. leave outD. make out26. The man moved _____forward and looked over the edge, shrinking his shoulders.A. accuratelyB. CautiouslyC. brilliantlyD. disappointedly27. The police are trying to find out the ______of the woman,killed in the traffic accident.A. evidenceB. recognition C identity D. status28. By no means __________to her parents.A. this is the first time has she liedB. this is the first time does she tell a lieC. is this the first time She has liedD. is this the first time she was lying29. Climate change will greatly_____wheat and rice production if nations don't take steps now.A. fallB. leakC. lackD. reduce30. She always buys__________ my birthday.A. something awful toB. anything awful toC. something nice forD. anything nice for31. He failed to live Up to __________had been expected of him.A. whatB. whichC. thatD. all32. It is very _____ of you to arrange an early.meeting between your boss and our team.A. considerateB. ConsiderableC. consideriiigD. considered33. I would have told him about the change of time for the class,________to class last 'tune.A. did he comeB. he cameC. had he comeD. he had come34. The wind was so strong last night that it tore the______ of the ship into two or three pieces.A. maskB. mineC. sailD. satellite35. ____all the money people here spend eating out, restaurants' profit is still below five percent.A. DespiteB.Thanks toC. SinceD. Like36. Many a man__________lifeis meaningless without a purpose.A. thinksB. thinkingC. have thoughtD. think37. John left home twenty minutes ago. It is usually half an hour's drive from his home to theoffice here. So he__________soon.A. should have arrivedB. need arriveC. must have arrivedD. may arrive38. ___Hongkong, is often regarded as____international Centre for business, finance and tourism.A./; anB. An; /C. The; /D./; the39. They went__________the schedule for the conference again and again until they felt satisfied with every detail of it.A. outB. up C: over D. by40. Schools should teach'our kids various subjects, and moreover, teach them how to ______right:from wrong.:A. mnB. takeC. tellD. put41. By the time you finish your homework, all of us__________ ours at hand, I'm sure.A. will finishB. will have finishedC. have finishedD. have been finishing42. In time of trouble Charliecould always __________a solution.A. put asideB. look down uponC. break outD. come up with43. Before building a house, you will have to __________the government's permission.A. get fromB. followC. receiveD. ask for44. The director had her assistant __________some hot dogs for the staff members.A. picked upB. picks upC. pick upD. picking up45. ______their hats into the air, the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory.A. TO throwB. ThrownC. ThrowingD. Being thrownPart IV Cloze (10%)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage, and for each blank there are 4 choices marked A, B, C and D at the end of the passage. Y ou should choose ONE answer that bestfits into the passage. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Of all the websites, one that has attracted attention recently is . Most of this attention has come from the media and tells every reason. 56 the website should be 57. The threat of Intemet predators (窃掠者) is indeed a tough reality, 58 shutting down the site is not the answer. If 59 shut down, another site would quickly 60 its place. Therefore, the right way is to teach teens how to use the site safely and educate them 61 who maybe predators and how to 62 them.The key to 63 safe on the Intemet is to make sure that.Y0Ur profile (个人资料)is secure. The 64 way is to change the privacy setting on your profile to “private”, which protects your information 65 only the people on your friend list can'view it. Although this is.66, it is not perfect. Predators can find ways to view your profile if they really want to，67 through hacking in (黑客入侵) or figuring out their way onto your friend list. Thus, you should never post too much personal 68. Some people actually post their home and school addresses, date of birth, and so on, often 69 predators know exactly where they will be and 70 .The most information that is safe is your first name and province. Anything more is basically 71 a predator into your life.Another big problem is photos. I suggest 72 skipping photos and never posting a photo of a friend online without his or her 73.Most important, never, 74 any 'circumstances, agree to a real-ife meeting with anyone you meet online, 75 how well you think you know this person. There are no guarantees that they have told the truth.56. A. what B. how C. why D. which57. A. shut down B. open up C. get into D. turn on58. A. but B. even C. despite D. since59. A. is B. are C. was D. were60. A. get B. make C. take D. push61. A. as B. about C. for D. in62. A. avoid B. get C. benefit D. hide63. A. stay B. be staying C. stayed D. staying64. A. difficult B. Simplest C. simple D. most difficult65. A. as to B. no matter C. so that D. because66. A. efficient B. Interesting C. effective D. impressive67. A. if B. whether C. however D. whatever68. A. information B. documents C. fries D. messages69. A. let B. make C. allow D. letting70. A. what B. why C. when D. how71. A. introducing B. Inviting C. investing D. interrupting72. A. partly B. Mostly C. lastly D. completely73. A. favor B. Rule C. information D. permission74. A. above B.'under C. below D. at75. A. no matter B. even if C. unless D. alsoPart V Translation (20%)Section ADirections: In this part there are five sentences which you should translate into Chinese. These sentences are all taken from the 3 passages you have just read in Reading Comprehension. Y ou can refer back to the passages to identify their meanings in the context.76 .... Certain pop stars make statements and set examples as if the use of drags for non-medicinal purposes were a normal and acceptable part of a person's lifestyle...77. One of the biggest worries for governments is that the longer people live, the more likelihood there is for diseases and for disability (残疾).78. Another significant problem is the need for the younger generations to understand and value the older people in their society.79. Extensive new studies suggest that the world has made extraordinary pmgressin reducing poverty in recent decades.80. The new economic research will not put an end to that dispute.SectionBDirections：In this part there are five sentences in Chinese．Y ou should translate them into English．Be sure to write clearly．81．今天早上他起床晚了，所以没有赶上火车。
2010年全国硕士研究生考试英语试题及答案
2010年全国硕士研究生考试英语试题及答案Section I Use of EnglishDnecclious:Read thc following text.Choose the bcsl word(s) for each numbcred blank.and mark[A]，[B]，[C]or[D]on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)In 1924 American' National Research Council sent to engineer to supervise a series of experiments at a telephone-parts factory called the Hawhtore Plant nearChicago It hoped they would learn how stop-floor Egnting __1__ workors productivity Instead，the studies ended__2__ giving their name to the―Hawhthomeeffect‖the extremely inflentlcel ldea the veey__3__to bemg expenmented upon changed subjects’behaviorThe idea arose because of the__4__behavior of the women in the plato.Accordmg to __5__of the cxpetmems.their.houriy output rose when hghtmg WaSincreased.but also when it was dimmed. It did not __6__what was done in the expenment. __7__sometmg was changed.produchnty rose A(n) __8__ that theywere bemg experimented upon seemed to be __9__t0 alterworkers' bchamor __10__ uselfAfter several decades，the salile data were __11__to econometric the analysis Hawthorne experiments has another surprise store j2一the descnpuons on record，nosystematic __13__was foundthat lcvcls of produchxnty wererelated to changes in lightingIt turns out that peculiar way of conducting the c~enments may be have let to __14__interpretation of what happed.__15__，tighring was always changed ona Sunday When work started again on Monday, output __16__ rose compared with the previous Saturday and __17__ to rise for the next couple of days __18__ , ，a comparison with data for weeks whenthere was no expenmentation showed that output always went up On Monday, workers __19__to be duigent for the first fewdays of the week in any case，before __21__a plateau and thenslackening off This suggests that the alleged‖ Hawthorne effect―is hard to ptn down1.[A] affected [B]achieved [C]exlracted [D]restored2[A]at [B]up [C]with [D]Off3[A]Wuth [B]sight [C]act [D]proof4.[A]conVoversial [B]perplexing [c]mischieous [D]ambiguous5.[A]reqtttrents [B]cxplanalions [C]accounts [D]assements6[A]conclude [B]matter [C]indicate [D]work7[A]as faras [B]for fearthat [C]in casethat [D]so long as8.[A]awarerress [B]expectation [C]sentiment [D]illusion9.[A]suitale [B]excessive [C]enough [D]abundant10.[A]about [B]for [C]on [D]by11[A]compared [B]shown [C]subjected [D]conveyed12.[A]contrary to [B]consistent with [C]parallel with [D]pealliar to13.[A]evidence [B]guidance [C]implication [D]source14.[A]disputable [B]enlightening [C]retiable [D]wasleadmg15.[A]In contast [B]For example [C]In consequence [D]As usual16.[A]duly [B]accidentally [C]unpredictably [D]suddenly17.[A]failed [B]ceased [C]started [D]continued20.[A]breaking [B]chrnbing [C]surpassmg [D]hitingSection ⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing[A]，[B]，[C]or[D].Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points)Text 2Over the past decade,thousands of patents have seen granled for what are called business methods.Amazon com received one forits―one-click‖online paymentsystern Merrill Lynch got legal protection for an asset allocation strategy.One invenlor patented a tochnique for lying a boxNow the nation’s top patent court appears completely ready to scale hack on business-method patents, which have been controversial e,ver since they were firstauthorized 10 years ago In a movethat has intellectual-property lawyers abuzz the U.S court of Appeals for the federal ctrcuit sald it would usea particular case tOconduct a broad review of business-method patents. Inre Bijskl, as the case is known, is―a very big deal‖，says Dermis'D Crouch of the University of MissounSchool of law.It ―has the potential to elinate an entire class of patmts‖Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face because it was the federal circuit itself that introduced such patents with is 1998 decision in the so-called state Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund assets. That ruling produced an explosion in business-method patent filings, initially by emerging internet companies trying to stake out exclusive pinhts to specific types of online transactions. Later, move established companies raced to add such patents to their files, if only as a defensive move against rivals that might bent them to the punch. In 2005, IBM noted in a court filing that it had been issued more than 300 business-method patents despite tha fact that it questioned the legal basis for granting them. Similarly, some Wall Street investment films armed themselves with patents for financialproducts, even as they took positions in court cases opposing the practice。
2010年英语笔译三级考试全真模拟试题(2)-中大网校
2010 年英语笔译三级考试全真模拟试题(2)总分：100 分及格：60 分考试时间：120 分Part 1 Vocabulary Selection(1) ________________________ According to most linguists ，beside the difference between speech and writing there is also a difference between and informality ．(2) __________ Despite a flurry of diplomatic activity in Geneva，prospects for a peace settlement seemed as ___ as ever．(3) _________________________________________________________________ Wireless and digital technologies provide affordable communication ________________________ to answerthe need for individual access and convenience.(4) _______________________________________________________ The African killer bees could not be handled safely, nor ____________________________________(5) _________________________________________________________________ The manager of the company firmly believed that one of the important _________________________ sources ofnew customers was the children ' S market．(6) ______________________________________ Although millions of people worldwide would seea trip into space as the fulfillment of their lifetime's dreams and would therefore such an idea instantly, no action was takenby space agencies to set up adequate opportunities.(7) ___________________________________ The growth of their economy is ，not inreality ．Many of their statisticg are false ．(8) __________ that increasing numbers of compact-disc players will be bought by consumers inthe years to come.(9) ______________ A complete investigation into the causes of the accident should lead to improved standards and should new operating procedures.(10) _____________ Such a link, carrying power, would be an alternative to conventional power lines, with far better _____ integration into the natural environment.(11) ____________________ The feeling of disaster haunted them all the time.(12) _________________________ Big Ben has been the quarter hours now for more than a century ．A ．strikingout(13) __________________________ According to some recent reports ，the urban masses，particularly middle-class women ，are continuing their spirited of new products ．(14) __________________ P et animals live in millions of American homes ．People keep cats, dogs, birds, fish,guinea pigs, mice -- snakes ．(15) ___________________ I was told e-mail the hotel for reservations ．(16) _____________________________ However, unfulfilled of technology application have createda gap betweenearth observation services and the application markets not integrated into the economic mainstream.(17) ______________________________________________________________________ While Maggie, a white-collar worker, was at home after work, she __________________________ doing something to doing nothing ．A. likeB. favorC. tendD. preferr(18) The Japanese have decided to impose incredibly high tariff on agricultural imports from China. What do you think will ?(19) ________ T he article gives us a summary of the situation in the first part and then discusses itA. at issueB. at lengthC. at randomD. at large(20) _____________________________ The Minister of Finance the demands of the negotiators and agreed to a meetingwith the leaders of the five unions.Part 2 Vocabulary Replacement(1) He is the most <U>intrepid</U> explorer in the present century.(2) In mountainous regions, much of the snow that falls is <U>compacted</U> into ice.(3) Useful drugs are made from inorganic substances or are plant and animal <U>by-products</U>.(4) The officer is <U>gallant</U> in his behavior toward his young secretary.(5) While many studies indicate that remotely sensed data provide cost-effective and up-to-date information in managing earth resources, use of the <U>tremendous</U> amount of already available data in meaningful applications has not reached its full potential ．(6) Such legal <U>entities</U> provide the means for international cooperation and support of macroprojects related to the moon and mars that encourage global private sector participation ．(7) Many educators today insist that every good story will not only <U>attract</U> its viewers but also give them some insight into what it means to be a human being ．(8) Cactus plants have spines that prevent animals from <U>nibbling</U> them.(9) Agriculture today has had the luxury of being able to pollute and <U>alter</U> the landscape first and worry about the consequences later ．(10) The old woman is too <U>feeble</U> to cross the street without her nephew's help.(11) International regulation may be necessary to <U>address</U> a problem of this kind that technology is likely to throw up in the next decade ．(12) No organ of the body is less <U>appreciated</U> than the skin ．(13) When immigrants arrived looking forward to the new opportunities and new freedom, they found danger and more hardship in a land <U>devoid</U> of any but the most elementary means of communication ．(14) It describes a unique joint-venture in distance education and demonstrates the <U>viable</U> opportunities of global tele-education techniques in an exciting new market ．(15) The economist said at the conference that mutually beneficial <U>deals</U> were being struck for the provision of investment finance and the transfer of technology ．Part 3 Error Correction(1) The children should <U>say</U> "thank you" to you when you gave them gifts.(2) The experience of foreign countries is worth <span style="text-decoration:underline">learning fromand taking for reference</span>.(3) Earth observations should provide " value added " applications <U>from </U>existing environmental services, property title holders and process driven financial firms, while creating greater liquidity within the corporations that use them ．(4) There are actually <U>too many</U> opportunities to learn more, to see more, and to understand more, and they all require us to change, at least a little bit, in order to make progress.(5) The average age at which people begin to need eyeglasses <U>vary</U> considerably.(6) Having the highest marks in her class, <U>a scholarship was offered her by the Department</U> ．(7) <U>Through</U> receiving financial support from family, community or the government, is allowed, it is never admired ．(8) Don't be late. I hate <U>to be</U> waiting for a long time.(9) Ordinary people <U>are now lacking of</U> the scientific knowledge about nutrition.(10) Eating too much fat can <U>distribute to</U> heart disease and cause high blood pressure ．(11) He <U>didn't</U> to return earlier than 3 o'clock.(12) He meant telling us about it, but he forgot <U>to tell </U>us ．(13) I do not advocate building the park near a jetport ，which might <U>make people to suffer from defective hearing</U> ．(14) All in all ，it is now beyond doubt that in size and scope the rapid global spread of the habit<U>to wear</U> jeans ，however it may be explained ，is an <U>accident</U> without precedent in the history of human attire ．(15) Four years ago，<U>quitting</U> the artistic director of American Ballet Theatre ，Baryshnikov <U>found</U> the White Oak Dance Project ．Reading Comprehension(1) 阅读以下材料，回答{TSE} 题。
3月PETS-3真题及答案(英语知识运用部分)
3月PETS-3真题及答案(英语知识运用部分)Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word or phrase for each numbered blank and mark A, B,C, or D on your ANSWER SHEET.In the United States today, families basically have two contrasting attitudes toward television.Many families 26 the television to be on at any time of the day or night. Very often,27 of thesefamilies watch television 28 or don' t interact with other family members 29 they are watching. The TV is used to make 30 kind of background noise in the house,31as a kind of electronic babysitter. Parents often turn it on to 32"bored" children. In contrast, oth-er families 33control when the television will be watched and what programs can be watched.34 these families watch programs together and discuss them together. In these homes, the TV is rarely on 35nobody is watching it. Parents don' t use it as an electronic babysitter;36 ,they insist that children read or play 37rather than sit in front of a screen.38the contrasting attitudes toward television39 , families in America are choosing television 40other passive activities, such as watching movies, playing video games, andsurfing the Web 41regularity that has never happened before. These activities are 42intheir inactivity. Family members--young and old--watch rather than 43 . These passive formsof entertainment 44 , rather than encourage, family 45and community involvement.26. A. allowB. enableC. causeD. require27. A. parentsB. membersC. seniorsD. children28. A. singlyB. looselyC. flexiblyD. directly29. A. whichB. whileC. whereasD. wherever30. A. littleB. suchC. someD. this31. A. orB. andC.thusD. so32. A. enlightenB. entertainC. moveD. manage33. A. effectivelyB. strictlyD. widely34. A. NeverB. HardlyC. SeldomD. Often35. A. ifB. even ifC.soD. so that36. A. howeverB. insteadC. moreoverD. therefore37. A. separatelyB. quietlyC.creativelyD. actively38. A. Because ofB. In place ofC.In spite ofD. Speaking of39. A. viewingC. broadcastingD. programming40. A. amongB. despiteC. andD. as41. A. withB. byC.forD. over42. A. usualB. commonC. sameD. similar43. A. sleepB. sitC. eatD. do44. A. weakenB. endC. avoidD. worry45. A. buildingB. interactionC. planningD. reunion如今，美国家庭对于电视基本上存在着两种对立的态度。
2010年3月中级口译笔试真题完整版(含答案)
2010年3月中级口译笔试真题完整版（含答案）SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST (45 minutes)Part A: Spot DictationDirection:In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE.The Internet is an excellent source for finding many types of information and for keeping up with new developments in the world. Today, an ever increasing number of people are using the Internet to ________(1) related information, conduct business, or personal activities, access electronic databases, send e-mail, and network with relatives, _______(2). Frequently referred to as the Information Super Highway, the Internet is actually a network of _______(3). You maythink of the Internet as analogous to the _________(4), Just as the inter-state system connects to different cities via ________(5), the Internet connects computers around the world via a number of different __________(6). At the most basic level, a computer, a modem, and a right type of_________(7 can get a person onto the Internet. Through the Internet you can access massive amounts of information by ________(8) that are linked together.Generally speaking, two types of information are _________(9), are the most useful for people. That is ,conversational resources, and _________(10).Conversational resources allow users to have conversations with individuals _________(11). Mailing lists and news groups are _________(12) of conversational resources. Mailing lists include electronic mail, whereby the user __________(13), send to any other individual, or group of individuals, who have subscribed by having their name and electronical_________(14) placed on the center’s list of addresses.News groups are essentially electronic ________(15). Any one with Internet access can__________(16) to the board, and any one with Internet access can read the board.The reference resources you_________(17) are the World Wide Web(www) or the web for short. The web uses HTML(hypertext markup language) to ________(18), sound, graphics and video. Of course, you need browsers to view documents, and ________(19)through the intricate links structure. The most ________(20) browser is the Microsoft Internet Explorer.Part B: Listening Comprehension1. StatementsDirections: In this part of the test there will be some short talks and conversations. After each one, you will be asked some questions. The talks, conversations and questions will be spoken ONLYONCE. Now listen carefully and choose the right answer to each question you have heard and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.1. (A) It is planned that we will go and visit Australia early next year.(B) It is proposed that a new branch be set up in Australia.(C) The tuition fee for studying in Australia will be raised next year.(D) We are confident that our plan to start a branch school will come off.2. (A) I cannot describe our accountant without drinking some coffee.(B) I have to keep awake during our chief accountant’s briefings.(C) I think our chief accountant’s briefings are really boring.(D) I doubt that our chief accountant will talk with you over coffee.3. (A) Miss Brown is not qualified.(B) Miss Brown is right.(C) It is a well-paid job.(D) It is her first job.4. (A) The manager told the secretary not to rush.(B) The manager told his secretary to finish the memo on time.(C) The manager told the secretary to take the memo home.(D) The manager told the secretary to wind the clock in the office.5. (A) Your 10% discount is not enough for a second order.(B) You should deliver the second order next month.(C) We can give you a discount for this product.(D) We’ll buy m ore if the price is cheaper.6. (A) Scientists are convinced that most animals cannot adapt to changes in climate.(B) Certain animals are more adaptable as they can live in extreme conditions.(C) Climate changes are responsible for the disappearance of some species.(D) Some species can move to the new surroundings in case of climate changes.7. (A) I think sending the products by air is faster and safer.(B) I need a quick response for my question about the products.(C) To avoid any damage, we’d better send the products by sea.(D) It is dangerous to send the products by sea as there are pirates.8. (A) Generation gap is a new phenomenon of the ever-changing modern times.(B) Differences exist among people even if they are of the same generation.(C) Modern people can have different life expectancy, with only a few years apart.(D) Modern people of different age groups may easily share a common viewpoint.9. (A) We have made doubled efforts to increase the attendance.(B) We need to find another 80 agents for our sales conference.(C) This year’s attendance will almost double that of the last.(D) More than 280 people will come to this year’s conference.10. (A) We have invested less than half a million in that project.(B) We have invested almost three million in that project.(C) We have invested five million or so in that project.(D) We have invested about seven million in that project.2. Talks and ConversationsDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear several short talks and conversations. After each of these, you will hear a few questions. Listen carefully because you will hear the talk or conversation and questions ONLY ONCE. When you hear a question read the four answer choices and choose the best answer to that question. Then write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Questions 11--1411. (A) Husband and wife.(B) Customer and waitress.(C) Tenent and door-keeper(D) Patient and doctor.12. (A) His mother. (B) His father. (C) His child. (D) Himself.13. (A) Red salty beef. (B) Spicy seafood.(C) Fish and chips. (D) Sausages and eggs.14. (A) A notice. (B) Two tablets.(C) Some medicine. (D) Some red wine.Questions 15--1815. (A) In 1800 (B) In 1851(C) In 1939 (D) In 195016. (A) To attract people all over the world.(B) To save millions of dollars in hotel accommodation.(C) To offset the imbalance in foreign trade.(D) To outweigh the benefits and potential revenues.17. (A) To promote scientific exchanges.(B) To define cross-cultural communications.(C) To improve their national images(D) To display their technological advancements.18. (A) the presentation of new inventions.(B) the promotion of cultural exchanges.(C) the ambition of nation branding.(D) the creation of a universal language.Questions 19--2219. (A) Because she wanted to invite him to Spain.(B) Because she needed some help to find a hotel.(C) Because she asked him to book a hotel.(D) Because she thought that he had been ill for some time.20. (A) He generally camped around while traveling in Spain.(B) He used to work hard in a seaside hotel in Spain.(C) He found it difficult to travel around Spain on his own.(D) He normally would help Joyce to find a hotel in Spain.21. (A) She can not put up with her noisy kids.(B) She can not organize the trip to Spain.(C) She has to find hotel rooms for her kids.(D) She has to rent a bigger car for the camping equipment.22. (A) Visit Joyce Cook.(B) Phone Mr and Mrs Simpson.(C) Book the hotel rooms in advance.(D) Consult someone else.Questions 23--2623. (A) It has fixed weight. (B) It has functions.(C) It has color. (D) It has surface.24. (A) One-sixth pound. (B) One-fourth pound.(C) One-third pound. (D) Half a pound.25. (A) The weight of an object on the earth’s surface.(B) The power of attraction between two objects.(C) The natural beauty of an object in space.(D) The attraction of ancient objects and relics.26. (A) Because there is less air on the Moon.(B) Because the moon is not inhabitable.(C) Because the moon is too far away from the earth.(D) Because the moon is much smaller.Questions 27--3027. (A) An advertising agency.(B) A beautiful picture.(C) A project from the finance office.(D) A catalogue of products.28. (A) They don’t have enough money for extra copies.(B) They don’t have time to print the new catalogue.(C) They cannot get in touch with their regular customers.(D) They cannot attend the expo coming up this spring.29. (A) Right away. (B) At noon.(C) In the afternoon. (D) In a couple of days.30. (A) To approve a budget supplement.(B) To pay the advertising agency for the expo.(C) To hold Mrs Cater responsible for the catalogue.(D) To design a real eye-catcher.Part C: Listening and TranslationI. Sentence TranslationDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear 5 sentences in English. You will hear the sentences ONLY ONCE. After you have heard each sentence, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)II. Passage TranslationDirections: In this part of the test, you will hear 2 passages in English. You will hear the passages ONLY ONCE.After you have heard each passage, translate it into Chinese and write your version in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. You may take notes while you are listening.(1)(2)SECTION 2: STUDY SKILLS (50 MINUTES)Direction:In this section, you will read several passages. Each one is followed by several questions about it. You are to choose ONE best answer, (A), (B), (C) or (D), to each question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Questions 1-5On Saturday mornings I worked in the family shop. I started cycling down to the shop with Dad on Saturday as soon as I was big enough. I thought of it as giving him a hand and so I didn’t mind what I did, although it was mostly just fetching and carrying at a run all morning. I managed not to think of it as work and I looked forward to the bar of chocolate my grandmother passed me unsmilingly as I left. I tried not to look at her; I had reason to feel guilty because I’d generally already eaten some dried fruits or a sliver of cheese when no one was looking. As soon as I wasfifteen, though, Dad said, “That’s it, our Janet. You’re of working age now and you’re not coming to work unless your grandmother pays you properly.’ He did his be st to make his chin look determined. “I shall speak to her.”The next Saturday, Gran called me into her little office behind the shop. I always hated going in there. She had an electric heater on full blast, and the windows were always kept tightly closed whatever the weather. There were piles of dusty catalogues and brochures on the floor. “You’re wanting to get paid, I hear,” Gran said. “Yes, please,” I replied. It was rather like visiting the head mistress at school, so I was very quiet and respectful. Gran searched through the mess of papers on her crowded desk, sighing and clicking her tongue. Eventually she produced an official-looking leaflet and ran her fingers along the columns of figures. “How old are you?” “Fifteen ... Gran,” I added for extra p oliteness, but she looked at me as if I had been cheeky. “Full-timers at your age get two hundred and forty pounds for a thirty-five-hour week,” she announced in such a way as to leave no doubt that she wasn’t in favour of this. “No wonder there’s no profi t in shopkeeping! So, Janet, what’s that per hour?” Question like that always flustered me. Instead of trying to work them out in my head, I would just stand there unable to think straight. “I’ll get a pencil and paper,”I offered. “Don’t bother,” snapped Gran angrily, “I’ll do it myself. I’ll give you 6 pounds an hour; take it or leave it,” “I’ll take it, please,” “And I expect real work for it, mind. No standing about, and if I catch you eating any of the stock, there’ll be trouble. That’s theft, and it’s a crime.”From then on, my main job at the shop was filling the shelves. This was dull, but I hardly expected to be trusted with handling the money. Once or twice, however, when Dad was extra busy, I’d tried to help him by serving behind the counter. I hated it. It was very difficult to remember the prices of everything and I was particularly hopeless at using the till. Certain customers made unkind remarks about this, increasing my confusion and the chances of making a fool of myself.It was an old-established village shop, going back 150 years at least and it was really behind the times even then. Dad longed to be able to make the shop more attractive to customers, but Gran wouldn’t hear of it. I overheard them once arguing about whether to buy a free zer cabinet. “Our customers want frozen food,” Dad said. “They see things advertised and if they can’t get them from us, they’ll go elsewhere.” “Your father always sold fresh food,” Gran replied. “People come here for quality, they don’t want all that frozen stuff.”1. How did Janet feel when she first started her Saturday morning job?(A) She enjoyed the work that she was given.(B) She was pleased to be helping her father.(C) She worried that she was not doing it well.(D) She was only really interested in the reward.2. What do we learn about her grandmother’s office in the second paragraph?(A) It was untidy.(B) It was dark.(C) It needed decorating.(D) It had too much furniture in it.3. The word “flustered” (para. 2) means _______.(A) bored(B) angered(C) confused(D) depressed4. What did Janet’s father and grandmother disagree about?(A) How to keep their customers loyal to the shop.(B) The type of advertising needed to attract customers.(C) The type of customers they wanted to attract.(D) How to get new customers to come to the shop.5. What impression do we get of Janet’s feelings towards her grandmother?(A) She respected her fairness.(B) She doubted her judgment.(C) She disliked her manner.(D) She admired her determination.Questions 6-10Many trees in the Brackham area were brought down in the terrible storms that March. The town itself lost two great lime trees from the former market square. The disappearance of suchprominent features had altered the appearance of the town centre entirely, to the annoyance of its more conservative inhabitants.Among the annoyed, under more normal circumstances, would have been Chief Inspector Douglas Pelham, head of the local police force. But at the height of that week’s storm, when the winds brought down even the mature walnut tree in his garden, Pelham had in fact been in no fit state to notice. A large and healthy man, he had for the first time in his life been seriously ill with an attack of bronchitis.When he first complained of an aching head and tightness in his chest, his wife, Molly, had tried to persuade him to go to the doctor. Convinced that the police force could not do without him, he had, as usual, ignored her and attempted to carry on working. Predictably, though he wouldn’t have listened to anyone who tried to tell him so, this has the effect of fogging his memory and shortening his temper.It was only when his colleague, Sergeant Lloyed, took the initiative and drove him to the doctor’s door that he finally gave in. By that time, he didn’t have the strength left to argue with her. In no time at all, she was taking him along to the chemist’s to get his prescribed antibiotics and then home to his unsurprised wife who sent him straight to bed.When Molly told him, on the Thursday morning, that the walnut tree had been brought down during the night, Pelham hadn’t been able to take it in. On Thursday evening, he had asked weakly about damage to the house, groaned thankfully when he heard there was none, and pulled the sheets over his head.It wasn’t until Saturday, when the antibiotics took effect, his temperature dropped and he got up, that he realised with a shock that the loss of the walnut tree had made a permanent difference to the appearance of the living-room. The Pelhams’ large house stood in a sizeable garden. It had not come cheap, but even so Pelham had no regrets about buying it. The leafy garden had created an impression of privacy. Now, though, the storm had changed his outlook.Previously, the view from the living-room had featured the handsome walnut tree. This has not darkened the room because there was also a window on the opposite wall, but it had provided interesting patterns of light and shade that disguised the true state of the worn furniture that the family had brought with them from their previous house.With the tree gone, the room seemed cruelly bright, its worn furnishings exposed in all their shabbiness. And the view from the window didn’t bear loo king at. The tall house next door, previously hidden by the tree, was now there, dominating the outlook with its unattractive purple bricks and external pipes. It seemed to have a great many upstairs windows, all of them watching the Pelhams’ every movemen t.“Doesn’t it look terrible?” Pelham croaked to his wife.But Molly, standing in the doorway, sounded more pleased than dismayed. “That’s what I’ve been telling you ever since we came here. We have to buy a new sofa, whatever it costs.”6. Why were some people in Brackham annoyed after the storm?(A) The town looked different.(B) The police had done little to help.(C) No market could be held.(D) Fallen trees had not been removed.7. What do we learn about Chief Inspector Pelham and his work, from the third paragraph?(A) He found his work extremely annoying.(B) He was sure that he fulfilled a vital role in his work.(C) He considered the police systems not efficient.(D) He did not trust the decisions made by his superiors.8. When Inspector Pelham’s wife first told him about the walnut tree, he appeared to be_______.(A) worried(B) shocked(C) saddened(D) uninterested9. As a result of the storm, the Pelhams’ living-room _______.(A) was pleasantly lighter(B) felt less private(C) had a better view(D) was in need of repair10. From what we learn of Inspector Pelham, he could best be described as _______.(A) open-minded(B) well-liked(C) warm-hearted(D) strong-willedQuestions 11-15A team of world-leading neuro-scientists has developed a powerful technique that allows them to look deep inside a person’s brain and read their intentions before they act. The research breaks controversial new ground in scientists’ ability to probe people’s min ds and eavesdrop on their thoughts, and raises serious ethical issues over how brain-reading technology may be used in the future. The team used high-resolution brain scans to identify patterns of activity before translating them into meaningful thoughts, revealing what a person planned to do in the near future. It is the first time scientists have succeeded in reading intentions in this way.“Using the scanner, we could look around the brain for this information and read out something that from the outsi de there’s no way you could possibly tell is in there. It’s like shining a torch around, looking for writing on a wall,” said John-Dylan Haynes at the Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences in Germany, who led the study with colleagues at University College London and Oxford University.The research builds on a series of recent studies in which brain imaging has been used to identify tell-tale activity linked to lying, violent behaviour and racial prejudice. The latest work reveals the dramatic pace at which neuro-science is progressing, prompting the researchers to call for an urgent debate into the ethical issues surrounding future uses for the technology.If brain-reading can be refined, it could quickly be adopted to assist interrogations of criminals and terrorists, and even usher in a “Minority Report” era (as portrayed in the Steven Spielberg science fiction film of that name), where judgments are handed down before the law is broken on the strength of an incriminating brain scan.“These techniques are emerging and we need an ethical debate about the implications, so that one day we’re not surprised and overwhelmed and caught on the wrong foot by what they can do. These things are going to come to us in the next few years and we should really be prepared,” Professor Haynes said. The use of brain scanners to judge whether people are likely to commit crimes is a contentious issue that society should tackle now, according to Haynes. “We see the danger that this might become compulsory one day, but we have to be aware that if we prohibit it, we are also denying people who aren’t going to commit any crime the possibility of proving their innocence.”During the study, the researchers asked volunteers to decide whether to add or subtract two numbers they were later shown on a screen. Before the numbers flashed up, they were given a brain scan using a technique called functional magnetic imaging resonance. The researchers then used a software that had been designed to spot subtle differences in brain activity to predict the person’s intentions with 70 percent accuracy.Because brains differ so much, the scientists need a good idea of what a person’s brain activity looks like when they are thinking something to be able to spot it in a scan, but researchers are already devising ways of deducing what patterns are associated with different thoughts.11. According to the passage, the brain-reading technology can be used ______.(A) to eavesdrop on potential criminals and terrorists.(B) to probe people’s minds and read their intentions.(C) to design a software to spot subtle differences in brain activity.(D) to suppress activities linked to lying, violence and discrimination.12. Which of the following words can best describe the research on the brain scan?(A) Ethical.(B) Powerful.(C) Compulsory.(D) Groundbreaking.13. What should people do before brain scans are to be put into practical use?(A) Mobilize adequate resources.(B) Resolve controversial issues.(C) Improve the scanner’s accuracy.(D) Identify different brain activities.14. The word “this” in the sentence “We see the danger that this might become compulsory one day, …” (para. 5) refers to ______.(A) the use of brain scanners(B) the prohibition of brain scanners(C) warning people who are likely to commit crimes(D) denying people the possibility of proving their innocence15. How did neuroscientists manage to detect different brain activities of people?(A) Flashing them up on a screen.(B) Deducing varying patterns.(C) Using a designed software.(D) Predicting their intentions.Questions 16-20Why bankrupt yourself in a so-called old people’s home? Try a health spa—it might actually be cheaper.Sometimes I see old ladies shuffling along the pavement with their sticks, Zimmer frames for greater support, swollen ankles, backs bent, fingers clutching at the small bag of shopping for one, and I think: “There goes my future.”But perhaps it need not be like that. Instead of bankrupting oneself or the state with the increasingly high cost of home care or an old people’s home, why not try a health spa instead?My friend Rosemary has just returned from a five-day visit to one of these health farms, which she thought might aid her recovery from her heart attack.It wasn’t exactly her cup of tea, she said: a sort of mix between mall shopping and a Saga cruise, “with the same awful whirlpools, people waiting about half-clothed, and loads of boutiques selling odd things.It would have been more beneficial had she not foolishly tried yoga and lay on the floor trying to breathe. One should not do this after a heart attack.Rosemary soon felt clammy and sick, sat on a chair, and then, even more foolishly, raised her arms above her head and nearly flaked out. So she staggered to the smoking room, now hidden away in a distant chalet behind the lawn because despite a tremendous struggle, she hasn’t quite managed to give up completely yet.But the food was fabulous, the grounds were heavenly, and there were hordes of charming young staff, and loads of free activities, not all strenuous. Rosemary was able to do blessed little for five days and she did have a lovely rest—perfect if one is old and fairly helpless.When my moth er was alive, I took her to both Rosemary’s health spa and a local care home. It wasn’t a nursing home—my mother was able to wash and dress herself and move about—but entertainment and activities were minimal and the food was grim: the customary dried chicken legs and bits of quiche and white bread ham sandwiches for supper.This wretched place cost exactly the same as the health spa. How can the spa do it for that price and also manage respect for guests, fabulous food and attractive surroundings? We jus t can’t work it out.16. What does the author mean when she thinks “There goes my future.” (para. 2)?(A) The same is true of her future.(B) Her future might be worse.(C) She doesn’t have much of a future.(D) She can’t tell what her future hol ds for her.17. In the author’s eyes, why did her friend Rosemary benefit less in the health spa?(A) Because she did her mall shopping instead.(B) Because she reverted to her old habit of smoking.(C) Because she did physical exercise not suitable for her.(D) Because she stayed there for a span of five days.18. The author’s high opinion of the health spa is based on ______.(A) her own experience(B) her friend Rosemary’s experience(C) her mother’s experience(D) both Rosemary’s and her mother’s experiences19. According to the passage, which of the following can be found in a care home?(A) Loads of boutiques.(B) Lots of free activities.(C) Charming young staff.(D) Poor-quality food.20. It can be inferred from the passage that ______.(A) Rosemary will revisit the health spa and stay there longer for recovery(B) a care home is not as attractive as the health spa(C) the health spa is more to the taste of old ladies than to old men(D) the health spa cannot manage itself long term with its lower priceQuestions 21-25The latest gloomy news from journalism’s battered front lines is that the prestigious New York Times (NYT) is laying off 100 staff. Paper-and-ink newspapers are in deep trouble, there’s no doubt about that. But the NYT, as comprehensive as its news coverage sometimes is, is hardly in a position to offer the real story on its current woes, anymore than a psychoanalyst is able to objectively analyze him or herself.What’s bad for the NYT is no t necessarily bad for journalism any more than what is good for the NYT is necessarily good for journalism. But with more than 100 newspapers closing down last year, troubles at the NYT can be seen in a general perspective as part of a trend. With advertising revenue plummeting, and real estate losing value by the hour, the NYT is in a free fall accelerated in part by its own greed.As newspapers flap about trying to breathe another day, Internet news aggregators soar, circling above like birds of prey for whom the shifting tide is an opportunity waiting to be picked. Internet delivery of news is infinitely faster and more flexible. It saves millions of trees from the paper pulp mill and cuts down on the need for noisy delivery trucks and back-breaking labor, so what’s not to like about it?For a brief fleeting moment, consumers can have their cake and eat it too. Newspapers do the heavy lifting, while Internet news sites spread the information around for free, “lite” and easy.But who will write the news when the newspapers are gone? Who are the new news gatekeepers? The Internet makes us rather too dependent on terminals and telephone lines produced and controlled by a handful of big corporations. Another problem with the Net is its indiscriminate character. Falsehoods are floated as easily as truths, and although conscientious。
2010年英语三级真题及解析
北京地区成人本科学士学位英语统一考试(A)2010.11.06Part I Reading Comprehension (30%) Directions: There are three passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Passage 1Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:1.Archaeology, like many academic words, comes from Greek and means, more or less, “the study of old things”. So, it is really a part of the study of history. However, most historians use paper evidence, such as letters, paintings and photographs，but archaeologists (考古学家) learn from the objects left behind by the humans of long ago. Normally, these are the hard materials that don't break down or disappear very quickly —things like human bones and objects made from stoneand metal.2. It is very unusual to find anything more than the hard evidence of history--normally, the bacteria (细菌) in the air eat away at soft materials, like bodies, clothes and things made of wood. Occasionally, things are different.3. In 1984, two men made an amazing discovery while working in a bog called Lindow Moss, in the north of England. A bog is a very wet area of earth, with a lot of plants growing in it. It can be like a very big and very thick vegetable soup—walk in the wrong place and you can sink and disappear forever. The men were working when one of them saw something sticking out—a human foot! Naturally, the men called the police，who then found the rest of the body. Was it a case of murder? Possibly--but it was a death nearly two thousand years old. The two men had found a body from the time of the Roman invasion of Britain. Despite being so old, this body had skin, muscles, hair and internal organs—the scientists who examined him were able to look inside the man's stomach and find the food that he had eaten for his last meal!4.Why was this man so well preserved? (76) It wasbecause he was in a very watery environment, safe fi:om the bacteria that need oxygen to live. 因为他被置于相当潮湿多水的环境，需要氧气才能生存的细菌无法侵害到他。
完整。2010年3月高级口译真题及答案
完整。
2010年3月高级口译真题及答案Directions:In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage withblanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the word or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hearthe passage ONLY ONCE.Today, we'll talk about what other effects watching TV might produce on children.Children should be _______ (1) a lot of television, many experts and parents agree, butthere is at least one circumstance when it might be beneficial: _______ (2). A recent studyconducted by Italian researchers found that children _______ (3) immediately preceding andduring blood tests experienced less pain than children whose mothers _______ (4) during the procedure, or children whose mothers were present but _______ (5).The research, led by Carlo Brown, MD, at the University of Siena, is published in theArchives of Disease in Childhood, _______ (6) the study. None received any type of anesthesia;the children and their mothers _______ (7).Both the group whose mothers attempted to distract them from the blood tests and thosewhose mothers simply observed reported _______ (8) than the group who watched cartoons. Forthat group, the levels of pain were less and the children werebetter able to _______ (9).One of the possible explanations is that children might have _______ (10) during theprocedures, exacerbating their perception of pain. "The higher pain level reported by childrenduring _______ (11) shows the difficulty mothers have in interacting positively _______ (12) in their children's life," the authors write.However, they stressed that _______ (13) still provided benefits, noting that the childrenwould _______ (14) during the procedures. "Indeed, children state that having their parentpresent _______ (15) when in pain," say the authors.Another possibility offered for consideration is the notion that the _______ (16) mightrelease pain-quelling endorphins. Endorphins, _______ (17) produced by the pituitary gland,resemble opiates in their ability to produce analgesia and a sense of well-being. In other words,they might _______ (18).In any case, the study results suggest that health workers should _______ (19) to watchtelevision during painful procedures _______ (20).Part B: Listening ComprehensionDirections: In this part of the test there will be some short talks and conversations. After eachone, you will be asked some questions. The talks, conversations and questions will be spoken ONLY ONCE. Now listen carefully and choose the right answer to each question you have heard and write the letter of the answer you have chosen inthe corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following conversation.1. (A) A change in French eating habits.(B) A boom in long-hour meals in France.(C) The origin of hamburgers.(D) The home of the sit-down mid-day meal.2. (A) A variation in food supply.(B) A change in the workforce.(C) A rise in food prices.(D) A fall in white-collarization.3. (A) Bakeries now offer a limited range of albeit excellent products.(B) There are about four kinds of bread, breakfast and dessert pastries.(C) Bakeries sell sandwiches mainly in the working-class areas.(D) France is currently witnessing a boom in sandwich business.4. (A) Men usually like to eat more hamburgers than women do in France.(B) Men, more likely to be working behind a jackhammer, need to eat so much.(C) Women make up almost half the labor force in France now.(D) Women have to pick up the children late from the day-care center.5. (A) Because the bakeries have adapted the idea of fast food and made it French products.(B) Because the bakeries have offered something that's very close to what is called fast food.(C) Because the hamburgers have ham and butter in them.(D) Because the hamburgers do not cost so much as those offered by McDonald.Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following news.6. (A) Three. (B) Four.(C) Eleven. (D) Eighteen7. (A) To intensify Tokyo's role in peacekeeping missions abroad.(B) To stop the country's air force transport mission in Iraq.(C) To override the lower house's decision.(D) To approve the Democratic Party's bill to continue the mission.8. (A) Worsening water scarcity. (B) Increasing risks of diseases.(C) Triggering mass displacement. (D) Reducing the population in Asia.9. (A) To resume peace talks which have been halted for a long time.(B) To forge and sign a peace treaty pledged by both sides.(C) To dispel his skepticism over chances for a deal before he leaves office.(D) T o open a 44-nation conference over the Middle East issue.10. (A) 60%. (B) 26%.(C) 21%. (D) 20%.Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following interview.11. (A) What to do to control crime.(B) What role a lawyer plays in a court case.(C) How to tell a hardened criminal from a first-time offender.(D) How to convict a criminal and put him in prison.12. (A) Deterrence.(B) Quick conviction.(C) The social structure.(D) The economy.13. (A) Education programs are not so effective as required.(B) Drug treatment programs are insufficiently funded.(C) Some rehabilitation programs inside prisons have been stopped.(D) More people are convicted than prison space can accommodate.14. (A) These programs are mainly intended for the kingpins of drug deals to get rehabilitated.(B) These programs are currently carried out in most states in the country.(C) These programs aim to develop a culture inside the prisons.(D) These programs have psychological and educational components.15. (A) Because gangs start in prisons and make prison a repressive experience.(B) Because criminals tend to be repeat offenders.(C) Because there is no stigma attached to most criminals.(D) Because society doesn't look at released prisoners with disdain.Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following talk.16. (A) How to interact with colleagues and clients face to face.(B) How to make effective telephone conversations.(C) What skills are needed to get and hold down a job.(D) What makes for an excellent ability to express yourself.17. (A) (A) Managerial. (B) Technological.(C) Financial.(D) Social.18. (A) Basic to advanced knowledge of computer application.(B) Ability to calculate all transactions, profits and costs.(C) Creativity in making presentations to clients.(D) Proficiency in at least one foreign language.19. (A) T o create your own databases on the computer.(B) To enhance your social skills by holding parties with your friends.(C) To use the computer in free time and become familiar with its operation.(D) To store as many telephone numbers and addresses as you can.20. (A) Graduating students.(B) Trainee managers.(C) Professional secretaries.(D) Low-level administrative staff.Directions:In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by severalONE best answer, (A), (B), (C) or (D), to each question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Question 1-5Life expectancy in the richest countries of the world now exceeds the poorest by more than 30 years, figures show. The gap is widening across the world, with Western countries and the growing economies of Latin America and the Far East advancingmore rapidly than Africa and the countries of the former Soviet Union. A verage life expec tancy in Britain and similar countries of the OECD was 78.8 in 2000-05, an increase of more than seven years since 1970-75 and almost 30 years over the past century. In sub-Saharan Africa, life expectancy has increased by just four months since 1970, to 46.1 years. Narrowing this "health gap" will involve going beyond the immediate causes of disease—poverty, poor sanitation and infection—to tackle the "causes of the causes" —the social hierarchies in which people live, says the report published by the Global Commission on the Social Determinants of Health established by the WHO in 2005. Professor Sir Michael Marmot, chairman of the commission, who first coined the term "status syndrome", said social status was the key to tackling health inequalities worldwide. In the 1980s, in a series of ground-breaking studies among Whitehall civil servants, Professor Marmot showed that the risk of death among those on the lower rungs of the career ladder was four times higher than those at the top, and that the difference was linked with the degree of control the individuals had over their lives.He said yesterday that the same rule applied in poorer countries. If people increased their status and gained more control over their lives they improved their health because they were less vulnerable to the economic and environmental threats. "When people think about those in poor countries they tend to think about poverty, lack of housing, sanitation and exposure to infectiousdisease. But there is another issue, the social gradient in health which I called status syndrome. It is not just those at the bottom of the hierarchy who have worse health; it is all the way along the scale. Those second from the bottom have worsehealth than those above them but better health than those below."The interim report of the commission, in the online edition of The Lancet, says the effects of status syndrome extend from the bottom to the top of the hierarchy, with Swedish adults holding a PhD having a lower death rate than those with a master's degree. The study says: "The gradient is a worldwide occurrence, seen in low-income, middle-income and high-income countries. It means we are all implicated."The result is that even within rich countries such as Britain there are striking inequalities in life expectancy. The poorest men in Glasgow have a life expectancy of 54, lower than the average in India. The answer, the report says, is empowerment, of individuals, communities and whole countries. "Technical and medical solutions such as medical care are without doubt necessary. But they are insufficient." Professor Marmot said: "We talk about three kinds of empowerment. If people don't have the material necessities, they cannot be empowered. The second kind is psycho-social empowerment: more control over their lives. The third is political empowerment: having a voice."The commission's final report, to be published soon, will identify the ill effects of low status and make recommendations for how they can be tackled. In Britain a century ago, infant mortality among the rich was about 100 per 1,000 live births compared with 250 per 1,000 among the poor. Infant mortality is still twice as high among the poor in Britain, but the rates have come down dramatically to 7 per 1,000 among the poor and 3.5 among the rich. Professor Marmot said: "We have made dramatic progress, but this is not about abolishing the rankings, but by identifying the ill effects of hierarchies we can make hugeimprovement."1. Which of the following CANNOT be found from the passage?(A) Life expectancy in Latin America and the Far East is increasing faster than Africa.(B) In Africa, life expectancy had only increased by four years since 1970 to 46.1 years.(C) There is a gap of more than 30 years in life expectancy between the richest countries andthe poorest countries.(D) Within rich countries there are also great inequalities in life expectancy between the richand the poor.2. According to the passage, the term "status syndrome" _______,(A) was first accepted by the World Health Organisation in 2005(B) was proposed by Professor Marmot to describe social changes(C) is used to expose the major causes of health inequalities(D) is used to show the correlation between sanitation and infection3. According to the passage, the effects of status syndrome _______.(A) can only be found from those living at the bottom of the society(B) usually are greater among those from the lower classes(C) are the same on people from each ladder of the social hierarchy(D) extend universally from the bottom to the top of thesocial hierarchy4. Professor Marmot proposed that "empowerment" should ________.(A) mainly include technical and medical advancement(B) be equal to access to material necessities(C) be material, psycho-social and political(D) be the final answer to the social problem of "health gap"5. What can be concluded from the passage?(A) Health inequality is closely related to social hierarchies.(B) The "causes of the causes" of health gap lie in the differences between rich and poorcountries.(C) Social ranking should be ultimately abolished.(D) The rich countries should give more assistance to poor countries to fill the health gap.Questions 6-10In Idaho's Snake River V alley, where potato farmers depend on electric pumps to water their crops, the state's largest power company hopes to stand tradition on its head and profit by selling farmers less, not more, electricity. To do that, Idaho Power is vastly expanding its energy-efficiency programs for 395,000 residential customers, small businesses, and farmers. Usually the more customers save, the less utilities make. But under an innovative deal with state regulators in March, Idaho Power gets paid for its plants and equipment and boosts profits by winning incentive payments for reducing electric demand.It's an idea that appears to be catching on as legislatures fret about global warming and utilities scramble to meet rising demand without the increasing harassment and cost of building new power plants. Idaho is among 13 states whose regulatorshave either adopted or proposed measures in the past year to decouple utility profit from electricity production. Decoupling is advancing even faster for natural-gas utilities, with 25 states either adopting or proposing decoupling plans in recent years. "This wave toward 'decoupling' is clearly gathering momentum," says Martin Kushler of the American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy in Washington. "More states seem to be calling every week to find out about this."Although California pioneered the idea 25 years ago—and strengthened incentives and penalties last month—interest is picking up again because of global warming, experts say. The main idea is that by rearranging the incentive structure, regulators can give utilities clear incentives to push energy efficiency and conservation without hurting their bottom lines. Under the new rules in California, for example, electric utilities could make as much as $150 million extra if they can persuade Californians to save some $2 billion worth of power, according to the Natural Resources Defense Council."This is a vital step in the global-warming fight," says Audrey Chang, an NRDC researcher. "It represents, we hope, a historic shift toward decoupling that is going to help bend the energy demand curve downwards." Beside Idaho, states that this year adopted decoupling for some or all of its electric power industry include New Y ork, Connecticut, and V ermont. At least nine other states have seen major decoupling proposals this year.Idaho Power is happy that its key fixed costs—plants and equipment—are now separated from variable costs of electricity sales such as fuel. Regulators annually readjust those fixed rates—up or down—a maximum of 3 percent to ensure that the company gets no more or less than it has been regulated toreceive. But customers should benefit, too, as utility efficiency programs cut energy use and energy bills—something the company is trying hard to do so it can win a bonus if it meets or exceeds energy-cutting goals. "Before there was almost a disincentive to go hard at efficiency because we weren't recovering our fixed costs," says Mike Y oungblood, an analyst for Idaho Power. "Now the anticipation is that we will recover our fixed cost, no more or less. And our customers will see their bill go down if they invest in energy efficiency."One key reason utilities are often willing to decouple or even leading proponents of the proposals is because the costs of building a power plant has risen dramatically. A 500-megawatt coal-fired plant that cost $1 billion just a few years ago might cost $1.5 billion today, industry experts say. Add to that growing uncertainty about future costs. Global-warming legislation could put a price of $30 per ton on carbon-dioxide emissions from power plants. That could make coal, the cheapest power today, more costly. Another factor is the rising community opposition to coal-fired power plant construction.In North Carolina, where regulators recently refused a Duke Energy Corp. proposal to build a power plant, the company has instead put forward a controversial decoupling proposal. The plan would pay the company to meet efficiency standards, although consumer advocates and evenenvironmental groups question whether it's a good deal for ratepayers. In fact, some consumer advocates have major reservations about decoupling overall. "Unfortunately, we're seeing utilities trying to use decoupling as a blank check," says Charles Acquard, executive director of the National Association of State Utility Consumer Advocates in Silver Spring, Md. "We'renot absolutely opposed to decoupling. It's how you do it that's critical."6. What is the main idea of the passage?(A) Electric utilities lose more profits from reducing electric demand.(B) Electric utilities gain more profits from increasing electric demand.(C) The more electricity customers save, the less profits utilities make.(D) The more electricity customers save, the more incentive payments utilities get.7. Which of the following gives the best definition of the expression "to stand tradition on itshead" (para. 1)?(A) To criticize tradition. (B) To go against tradition.(C) To carry forward tradition. (D) To integrate tradition.8. In the passage, the measures of decoupling used in utility efficiency programs refer to thepractice of ________.(A) separating the utility profits from power production(B) combining fixed costs with variable costs(C) strengthening both incentives and penalties(D) rearranging the incentive structure9. According to the passage, when Idaho Power is building plants and purchasing equipment,such fixed costs _______.(A) will no longer be treated as the costs of electricity sales(B) will partially be covered by state regulators(C) are still to be recovered by the companies(D) are paid from customers' electricity bills10. All of the following are the reasons why electric utilities welcome decoupling EXCEPT______.(A) the rapidly rising cost of building power plants(B) the uncertainty about future costs(C) the community opposition to the building of coal-fired power plants(D) the reservations consumer advocates have about energy-saving measuresQuestions 11-15Historically, TV's interest in "green" issues has been limited to the green that spend: and makes the world go round. (That, and Martians.) As for environmentalism, TV is where people watch SUV ads on energy-sucking giant screens that are as thirsty as a Bavarian at Oktoberfest.But with the greening of politics and pop culture—from Al Gore to Leo DiCaprio to Homer and Marge in The Simpsons Movie—TV is jumping on the biodiesel-fueled band-wagon. In November, NBC (plus Bravo, Sci Fi and other sister channels) will run a week of green-themed episodes, from news to sitcoms. CBS has added a "Go ing Green" segment to The Early Show. And Fox says it will work climate change into the next season of 24. ("Dammit, Chloe, there's no time! The polar ice cap's going to melt in 15 minutes!")On HGTV's Living with Ed, actor Ed Begley Jr. offers tips for ec o-living from his solar-powered house in Studio City, Calif.—see him energy-audit Cheryl Tiegs!—while Sundance airs its documentary block "The Green." MTV will set The Real World: Hollywood in a "green" house. Next year Discovery launches 24-hour eco-lifestyle channel Planet Green, a plan validated thisspring when the eco-minded documentary Planet Earth became a huge hit for Discovery. "Green is part of [Discovery's] heritage," says Planet Green president Eileen O'Neill."But as pop culture was starting to recognize it, we realized we could do a better job positioning ourselves."Clearly this is not all pure altruism. Those popular, energy-stingy compact fluorescent bulbs? NBC's owner, General Electric, has managed to sell one or two. "When you have them being a market leader and saying this makes good business sense, people listen to that on [the TV] side," says Lauren Zalaznick, Bravo Media president, who is heading NBC's effort. And green pitches resonate with young and well-heeled viewers (the type who buy Priuses and $2-a-lb. organic apples), two groups the networks are fond of. NBC is confident enough in its green week's appeal to schedule it in sweeps.It's an unlikely marriage of motives. Ad-supported TV is a consumption medium: it persuades you to want and buy stuff. Traditional home shows about renovating and decorating are catnip for retailers like Lowe's and Home Depot. Of course, there are green alternatives to common purchases: renewable wood, Energy Star appliances, hybrid cars. But sometimes the greener choice is simply not to buy so much junk—not the friendliest sell to advertisers.The bigger hurdle, though, may be creative. How the NBC shows will work in the messages is still up in the air. (Will the Deal or No Deal babes wear hemp miniskirts? Will the Bionic Woman get wired for solar?) Interviewed after the 24 announcement, executive producer Howard Gordon hedged a bit on Fox's green promises: "It'll probably be more in the props. We might see somebody drive a hybrid."Will it work? Green is a natural fit on cable lifestyle shows or news programs—though enlisting a news division to do advocacy has its own issues. But commanding a sitcom like The Office to work in an earnest environmental theme sounds like the kind of high-handed p.r. directive that might be satirized on, well, The Office. Even Begley—formerly of St. Elsewhere—notes that the movie Chinatown worked because it kept the subplot about the water supply in Los Angeles well in the background: "It's a story about getting away with murder, and the water story is woven in."Of course, in an era of rampant product placement, there are worse things than persuading viewers to buy a less wasteful light bulb by hanging one over Jack Bauer as he tortures a terrorist. The greatest challenge—for viewers as well as programmers—is not letting entertainment become a substitute for action; making and watching right-minded shows isn't enough in itself. The 2007 Emmy A wards, for a start, aims to be carbon neutral: solar power, biodiesel generators, hybrids for the stars, bikes for production assistants—though the Academy cancelled Fox's idea to change the red carpet, no kidding, to green. The most potent message may be seeing Hollywood walk the walk, in a town in which people prefer to drive.11. Which of the following does not serve as the example to support the statement "TV isjumping on the biodiesel-fueled bandwagon" (para. 2)?(A) MTV: The Real World: Hollywood will be set in a "green" house.(B) NBC: The program of the Deal or No Deal will be continued.(C) NBC: A week of green-themed episodes is being planned.(D) CBS: A "Going Green" program has been added to The Early Show.12. By stating that "Clearly this is not all pure altruism." (para.4), the author is _______.(A) highly appreciative (B) somewhat critical(C) ironic and negative (D) subjective and passionate13. Why does the author mention in paragraph 4 the two groups the networks are fond of?(A) They are the main target of the consumption medium.(B) They are the advocates of green movement.(C) They are most representative of today's audience.(D) They are young adults and senior citizens.14. Which of the following best explains the sentence "It's an unlikely marriage of motives."(para. 5)?(A) Ad-supported TV has consistent motives.(B) The main target of ad-supported TV is to persuade viewers to buy more.(C) It's impossible for TV to readjust its opposing motives.(D) It's quite difficult for TV to integrate its motives.15. It can be concluded from the passage that "product placement" (para. 8) is a kind of_______.(A) commodity exhibition (B) display of products(C) indirect advertising (D) direct promotion strategyQuestions 16-20Military victories, trade, missionary zeal, racial arrogance and a genius for bureauc racy all played well-documented roles in making the British Empire the largest the world has known. Rather less well understood was the importance of themoustache. A monumental new history, The Decline and Fall of the British Empire by Piers Brendon, promises to restore this neglected narrative to its rightful place in the national story.Dr Brendon, a Fellow of Churchill College, Cambridge University, argues that colonial moustaches had a clear practical purpose: to demonstrate virility and intimidate the Empire's subject peoples. The waxing and waning of the British moustache precisely mirrored the fortunes of the Empire—blooming beneath the noses of the East India Company's officers, finding full expression in Lord Kitchener's bushy appendage and fading out with the Suez crisis in Anthony Eden's apologetic wisps.This analysis of the "growth of the stiff upper lip" is an essential strand of Dr Brendon's epic 650-page political, cultural, economic and social history of the Empire, which is published on October 18. "It is a running gag in a serious book, but it does give one a point of reference," he said yesterday. In the 18th and early 19th century, sophisticated Britons wore wigs but spurned facial hair. The exception was the King, George III, whose unshaven appearance was mocked as a sign of his madness. However, by the 1830s the "moustache movement" was in the ascendancy. British officers, copying the impressive moustaches that they encountered on French and Spanish soldiers during the Napoleonic Wars, started the craze, but the real impetus came form India.Just as British troops in Afghanistan today are encouraged to grow beards to ease their dealings with local tribesmen, so the attitudes of Indian troops under the command of East India Company officers in the first half of the 19th century altered the appearance of the British soldier. "For the Indian sepoy the moustache was a symbol of virility. They laughed at the unshavenBritish officers," Dr Brendon said. In 1854 moustaches were made compulsory for the company's Bombay regiment. The fashion took Britain by storm as civilians imitated their heroes.Dr Brendon writes: "During and after the Crimean War, barbers advertised different patterns in their windows such as the 'Raglan' and the Cardigan'." Moustaches were clipped, trimmed and waxed "until they curved like sabres and bristled like bayonets". After 1918 moustaches became thinner and humbler as the Empire began to gasp for breath, even as it continued to expand territorially. It had been fatally wounded, Dr Brendon suggests, by the very belief in the freedom that it had preached. After the victory over Germany and Japan in 1945, independence movements across the red-painted sections of the world map, and Britain's own urgent domestic priorities, meant that the Empire was doomed.The moustache too was in terminal decline. "It had become a joke thanks to Charlie Chaplin and Groucho Marx. It had become an international symbol of 'villainy' thanks to Hitler's toothbrush, writes Dr Brendon. In Britain it was also synonymous with the "Colonel Blimps" clinging to an outmoded idea of colonial greatness.In Eden's faint moustache Britain's diminished international status found a fitting symbol. It allbut disappeared on TV and, moments before his broadcast on the eve of the fateful occupation of the Suez Canal in 1956, his wife had to blacken the bristles with mascara. His successor, Harold Macmillan, was the last British Prime Minister to furnish his upper lip. Harold Wilson, the self-styled man of the people, had been clean shaven since the 1940s, Dr Brendon notes. "He obviously believed that the white hot technological revolution。
专业英语四级真题2010年3月
TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS(2010)-GRADE FOUR-PART Ⅰ DICTATIONListen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 2 minutes to check through your work once more.Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE.PART Ⅱ LISTENING COMPREHENSIONIn Sections A, B and C you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.SECTION A CONVERSATIONSIn this section you will hear several conversations. Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions 1 to 3 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the conversation.1. The following details have been checked during the conversation EXCEPTA. number of travelers.B. number of tour days.C. flight details.D. room services.2. What is included in the price?A. Air tickets and local transport.B. Local transport and meals.C. Air tickets, local transport and breakfast.D. Air tickets, local transport and all meals.3. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?A. The traveler is reluctant to buy travel insurance.B. The traveler is ready to buy travel insurance.C. The traveler doesn't have to buy travel insurance.D. Travel insurance is not mentioned in the conversation.Questions 4 to 7 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the conversation.4. Which of the following details is CORRECT?A. Mark knows the exact number of airport buses.B. Mark knows the exact number of delegates' spouse.C. Mark doesn't know the exact number of delegates yet.D. Mark doesn't know the number of guest speakers.5. What does Linda want to know?A. The arrival time of guest speakers.B. The departure time of guest speakers,C. The type of transport for guest speakers.D. The number of guest speakers.6. How many performances have been planned for the conference?A. One.B. Two.C. Three.D. Not mentioned.7. Who will pay for the piano performance?A. Pan-Pacific ToursB. Johnson & Sons Fvents.C．Conference delegates. D．An airline company.Questions 8 to 10 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the conversation.8.What is NOT missing in Mary's briefcase?A．Her cheque book. B．Her papers for work.C．Her laptop. D．Her appointment book.9．Where was Mary the whole morning?A．At the police station. B．At a meeting.C．In her client's office. D．In the restaurant.10．Why was Mary sure that the briefcase was hers in the end?A. The papers inside had the company's name. B．The briefcase was found in the restaurant.C. The restaurant manager telephoned James.D. The cheque book inside bore her name.SECTION B PASSAGESIn this section, you will hear several passages. Listen to the passages carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions 11 to 13 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the passage.11. We learn from the passage that about two-thirds of the courses are taught throughA. the School of Design and Visual Arts.B. the School of Social Work.C. the School of Business.D. the Arts and Sciences program.12. What is the cost of undergraduate tuition?A. Twenty thousand dollars.B. Thirty thousand dollars.C. Twenty-seven thousand dollars.D. Thirty-eight thousand dollars.13. International students can receive all the following types of financial assistance EXCEPTA. federal loans.B. private loans.C. scholarships.D. monthly payment plans.Questions 14 to 17 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the passage.14. According to the passage, mothers in______spend more time looking after children.A. FranceB. AmericaC. DenmarkD. Australia15. Which of the following activities would Australian fathers traditionally participate in?A. Feeding and playing with children.B. Feeding and bathing children.C. Taking children to the park and to school.D. Taking children to watch sports events.16. According to the study, the "new man" likes toA. spend more time at work.B. spend more time with children.C. spend time drinking after work.D. spend time on his computer.17. It is suggested in the passage that the "new man" might be less acceptable inA. France.B. Britain.C. Australia.D. Denmark.Questions 18 to 20 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the passage.18. The services of the new partnership are provided mainly toA. mothers of infected babies.B. infected children and women.C. infected children in cities.D. infected women in cities.19. Which of the following details about Family Health International is INCORRECT?A. It is a nonprofit organization.B. It provides public health services.C. It carries out research on public health.D. It has worked in five countries till now.20. The example of Cambodia mainly showsA. the importance of government support.B. the importance of public education efforts.C. the progress the country has made so far.D. the methods used to fight AIDS.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section, you will hear several news items. Listen to them carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions 21 and 22 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the news.21. According to the news, the victim wasA. a 17-year-old girl.B. a 15-year-old boy.C. a 23-year-old woman.D. an 18-year-old man.22. We learn from the news that the suspects were arrestedA. one month later.B. two months later.C. immediately.D. two weeks later.Questions 23 and 24 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the news.23. The Iraqi parliament can vote on the security agreement only afterA. all parties have agreed on it.B. the US troops have pulled out.C. the cabinet has reviewed it.D. the lawmakers have returned from Mecca.24. According to the news, the US troops are expected to completely pull out byA. mid-2009.B. the end of 2009.C. mid-2011.D. the end of 2011.Questions 25 and 26 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the news.25. The following are involved in the operations to rescue the children in Honduras EXCEPTA. the police.B. the district attorney.C. the prison authorities.D. Institute of Childhood and Family.26. What punishment would parents face if they allowed their children to beg?A. To be imprisoned and fined.B. To have their children taken away.C. To be handed over to the authorities.D. None.Question 27 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 5 seconds to answer the question.Now, listen to the news.27. What is the news item about?A. Coastlines in Italy.B. Public use of the beach.C. Swimming and bathing.D. Private bathing clubs.Question 28 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 5 seconds to answer the question.Now, listen to the news.28.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the news?A. The airport was shut down for Friday.B. There was a road accident involving two buses.C. Local shops were closed earlier than usual.D. Bus service was stopped for Friday.Questions 29 and 30 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the questions.Now, listen to the news.29. How many people were rescued from the apartment building?A. 17.B. 24.C. 21.D. 41.30. Which of the following details in the news is CORRECT?A. The rescue operation involved many people.B. The cause of the explosions has been determined.C. Rescue efforts were stopped on Thursday.D. The explosions didn't destroy the building.PART Ⅲ CLOZEDecide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Mark the best choice for each blank on ANSWER SHEET TWO.How men first learned to invent words is unknown; (31) , the origin of language is a mystery. All we really know is that men, unlike animals, somehow invented certain (32) to express thoughts and feelings, actions and things, (33) they could communicate with each other; and that later they agreed (34) certain signs, called letters, which could be (35) to represent those sounds, and which could be (36) . Those sounds, whether spoken, (37) written in letters, we call words.The power of words, then, lies in their (38) the things they bring up before our minds. Words become (39) with meaning for us by experience;(40) the longer we live, the more certain words (41) to us the happy and sad events of our past; and the more we (42) , the more the number of words that mean something to us (43) .Great writers are those who not only have great thoughts but also express these thoughts in words which appeal (44) to our minds and emotions. This (45) and telling use of words is what we call (46) style. Above all, the real poet is a master of (47) . He can convey his meaning in words which sing like music, and which (48) their position and association can (49) men to tears. We should, therefore, learn to choose our words carefully and use them accurately, or they will (50) our speech or writing silly and vulgar.31. A. in addition B. in other wordsC. in a wordD. in summary32. A. sounds B. gesturesC. signsD. movements33. A. such that B. as thatC. so thatD. in that34. A. in B. withC. ofD. upon35. A. spelt B. combinedC. writtenD. copied36. A. written down B. handed downC. rememberedD. observed37. A. and B. yetC. alsoD. or38. A. functions B. associationsC. rolesD. links39. A. filled B. fullC. liveD. active40. A. but B. orC. yetD. and41. A. reappear B. recallC. rememberD. recollect42. A. read and think B. read and recallC. read and learnD. read and recite43. A. raises B. increasesC. improvesD. emerges44. A. intensively B. extensivelyC. broadlyD. powerfully45. A. charming B. academicC. conventionalD. common46. A. written B. spokenC. literaryD. dramatic47. A. signs B. wordsC. styleD. sound48. A. in B. onC. overD. by49. A. move B. engageC. makeD. force50. A. transform B. changeC. makeD. convertPART Ⅳ GRAMMAR & VOCABULARYThere are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.51. Which of the following italicized phrases indicates CAUSE?A. Why don't you do it for the sake of your friends?B. I wish I could write as well as you.C. For all his efforts, he didn't get an A.D. Her eyes were red from excessive reading.52. Nancy's gone to work but her car's still there. She ______ by bus.A. must have goneB. should have goneC. ought to have goneD. could have gone53. He feels that he is not yet ______ to travel abroad.A. too strongB. enough strongC. so strongD. strong enough54. After ______ seemed an endless wait, it was his turn to enter the personnel manager's office.A. thatB. itC. whatD. there55. Fool ______ Jerry is, he could not have done such a thing.A. whoB. asC. likeD. that56. Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT?A. They each have two tickets.B. They cost twenty yuan each.C. Each they have bought the same book.D. They were given two magazines each.57. She seldom goes to the theatre,______?A. doesn't sheB. does sheC. would sheD. wouldn't she58. Dr Johnson is head of the department, ______ an expert in translation.A. orB. eitherC. butD. and59. When one has good health, ______ should feel fortunate.A. youB. theyC. heD. we60. It is necessary that he ______ the assignment without delay.A. hand inB. hands inC. must hand inD. has to hand in61. In the sentence "It's no use waiting for her", the italicized phrase is ______.A. the objectB. an adverbialC. a complementD. the subject62. Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT?A. All his lectures are very interesting.B. Half their savings were gone.C. Many his friends came to the party.D. Both his sisters are nurses.63. Which of the following sentences has an object complement?A. The directors appointed John manager.B. I gave Mary a Christmas present.C. You have done Peter a favour.D. She is teaching children English.64. Which of the following words can NOT be used to complete "We've seen the film ______"?A. beforeB. recentlyC. latelyD. yet65. ______ should not become a serious disadvantage in life and work.A. To be not tallB. Not being tallC. Being not tallD. Not to be tall66. Due to personality , the two colleagues never got on well in work.A. contradictionB. conflictC. confrontationD. competition67. During the summer vacation, kids are often seen hanging ______ in the streets.A. aboutB. onC. overD. out68. There were 150 ______ at the international conference this summer.A. spectatorsB. viewersC. participantsD. onlookers69. School started on a ______ cold day in February.A. severeB. bitterC. suchD. frozen70. In the face of unexpected difficulties, he demonstrated a talent for quick, ______ action.A. determiningB. defensiveC. demandingD. decisive71. The team has been working overtime on the research project ______.A. latelyB. just nowC. lateD. long ago72. Because of the economic crisis, industrial output in the region remained ______.A. motionlessB. inactiveC. stagnantD. immobile73. The police had difficulty in ______ the fans from rushing on to the stage to take photos with the singer.A. limitingB. restrainingC. confiningD. restricting74. Joan is in the dorm, putting the final ______ to her speech.A. detailsB. remarksC. commentsD. touches75. His ______ in gambling has eventually brought about his ruin.A. indulgenceB. habitC. actionD. engagement76. The teacher told the students to stay in the classroom and they did ______.A. absolutelyB. accidentallyC. accordinglyD. accurately77. You can actually see the deer at close range while driving through that area. The italicized phrase meansA. clearlyB. very nearC. quicklyD. very hard78. He listened hard but still couldn't ______ what they were talking about.A. make overB. make upC. make uponD. make out79. For the advertised position, the company offers a(n) ______ salary and benefits package.A. generousB. plentifulC. abundantD. sufficient80. As there was no road, the travelers ______ up a rocky slope on their way back.A. ranB. hurriedC. scrambledD. crawledPART Ⅴ READING COMPREHENSIONIn this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.TEXT AWhat is the nature of the scientific attitude, the attitude of the man or woman who studies and applies physics, biology, chemistry, geology, engineering, medicine or any other science?We all know that science plays an important role in the societies in which we live. Many people believe, however, that our progress depends on two different aspects of science. The first of these is the application of the machines, products and systems of applied knowledge that scientists and technologists develop. Through technology, science improves the structure of society and helps man to gain increasing control over his environment.The second aspect is the application by all members of society of the special methods of thought and action that scientists use in their work.What are these special methods of thinking and acting? First of all, it seems that a successful scientist is full of curiosity-he wants to find out how and why the universe works. He usually directs his attentiontowards problems which he notices have no satisfactory explanation, and his curiosity makes him look for underlying relationships even if the data available seem to be unconnected. Moreover, he thinks he can improve the existing conditions and enjoys trying to solve the problems which this involves.He is a good observer, accurate, patient and objective and applies logical thought to the observations he makes. He utilizes the facts he observes to the fullest extent. For example, trained observers obtain a very large amount of information about a star mainly from the accurate analysis of the simple lines that appear in a spectrum.He is skeptical-he does not accept statements which are not based on the most complete evidence available-and therefore rejects authority as the sole basis for truth. Scientists always check statements and make experiments carefully and objectively to verify them.Furthermore, he is not only critical of the work of others, but also of his own, since he knows that man is the least reliable of scientific instalments and that a number of factors tend to disturb objective investigation.Lastly, he is highly imaginative since he often has to look for relationships in data which are not only complex but also frequently incomplete. Furthermore, he needs imagination if he wants to make hypotheses of how processes work and how events take place.These seem to be some of the ways in which a successful scientist or technologist thinks and acts.81. Many people believe that science helps society to progress throughA. applied knowledge.B. more than one aspect.C. technology only.D. the use of machines.82. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about curiosity?A. It gives the scientist confidence and pleasure in work.B. It gives rise to interest in problems that are unexplained.C. It leads to efforts to investigate potential connections.D. It encourages the scientist to look for new ways of acting.83. According to the passage, a successful scientist would notA. easily believe in unchecked statements.B. easily criticize others' research work.C. always use his imagination in work.D. always use evidence from observation.84. What does the passage mainly discuss?A. Application of technology.B. Progress in modern society.C. Scientists' ways of thinking and acting.D. How to become a successful scientist.85. What is the author's attitude towards the topic?A. Critical.B. Objective.C. Biased.D. Unclear.TEXT BOver the past several decades, the U.S., Canada, and Europe have received a great deal of media and even research attention over unusual phenomena and unsolved mysteries. These include UFOs as well as sightings and encounters with "nonhuman creatures" such as Bigfoot and the Loch Ness monster. Only recently has Latin America begun to receive some attention as well. Although the mysteries of the Aztec, Mayan, and Inca civilizations have been known for centuries, now the public is also becoming aware of unusual, paranormal phenomena in countries such as Peru.The Nazca "lines" of Peru were discovered in the 1930s. These fines are deeply carved into a flat, stony plain, and form about 300 intricate pictures of animals such as birds, a monkey, and a lizard. Seen at ground level, the designs are a jumbled senseless mess. The images are so large that they can only be viewed at a height of 1,000 feet-meaning from an aircraft. Yet there were no aircraft in 300 B.C., when it is judged the designs were made. Nor were there then, or are there now, any nearby mountain ranges from which to view them. So how and why did the native people of Nazca create these marvelous designs? One answer appeared in 1969, when the German researcher and writer Erich von Daniken proposed that the lines were drawn by extraterrestrials as runways for their aircraft. The scientific community did not take long to scoff at and abandon von Daniken's theory. Over the years several other theories have been put forth, but none has been accepted by the scientific community.Today there is a new and heightened interest in the Nazca lines. It is a direct result of the creation of the Internet. Currently there are over 60 sites dedicated to this mystery from Latin America's past, and even respected scientists have joined the discussion through e-mail and chat rooms.Will the Internet help explain these unsolved mysteries? Perhaps it is a step in the fight direction.86. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A. Latin America has long received attention for unusual phenomena.B. Public attention is now directed towards countries like Peru.C. Public interest usually focuses on North America and Europe.D. Some ancient civilizations have unsolved mysteries.87. According to the passage, the Nazca lines were foundA. in mountains.B. in stones.C. on animals.D. on a plain.88. We can infer from the passage that the higher the lines are seen, the ______ the images they present.A. smallerB. largerC. clearerD. brighter89. There has been increasing interest in the Nazca lines mainly because ofA. the participation of scientists.B. the emergence of the Internet.C. the birth of new theories.D. the interest in the Internet.90. The author is ______ about the role of the Internet in solving mysteries.A. cautiousB. pessimisticC. uncertainD. optimisticTEXT CGraduation speeches are a bit like wedding toasts. A few are memorable. The rest tend to trigger such thoughts as, "Why did I wear such uncomfortable shoes?"But graduation speeches are less about the message than the messenger. Every year a few colleges and universities in the US attract attention because they've managed to book high-profile speakers. And, every year, the media report some of these speakers' wise remarks.Last month, the following words of wisdom were spread:"You really haven't completed the circle of success unless you can help somebody else move forward." (Oprah Winfrey, Duke University)."There is no way to stop change; change will come. Go out and give us a future worthy of the world we all wish to create together." (Hillary Clinton, New York University)."This really is your moment. History is yours to bend." (Joe Biden, Wake Forest University).Of course, the real "get" of the graduation season was first lady Michelle Obama's appearance at the University of California, Merced. "Remember that you are blessed," she told the class of 2009, "Remember that in exchange for those blessings, you must give something back... As advocate and activist Marian Wright Edelman says, 'Service is the rent we pay for living.., it is the true measure, the only measure of success'."Calls to service have a long, rich tradition in these speeches. However, it is possible for a graduation speech to go beyond cliche and say something truly compelling. The late writer David Foster Wallace's 2005 graduation speech at Kenyon College in Ohio talked about how to truly care about other people. It gained something of a cult after it was widely circulated on the Internet. Apple Computer CEO Steve Jobs' address at Stanford University that year, in which he talked about death, is also considered one of the best in recent memory.But when you're sitting in the hot sun, fidgety and freaked out, do you really want to be lectured about the big stuff?. Isn't that like trying to maintain a smile at your wedding reception while some relative gives a toast that amounts to "marriage is hard work"? You know he's right; you just don't want to think about it at that particular moment. In fact, as is the case in many major life moments, you can't really manage to think beyond the blisters your new shoes are causing.That may seem anticlimactic. But it also gets to the heart of one of life's greatest, saddest truths: that our most "memorable" occasions may elicit the fewest memories. It's probably not something most graduation speakers would say, but it's one of the first lessons of growing up.91. According to the passage, most graduation speeches tend to recall ______ memories.A. greatB. trivialC. unforgettableD. unimaginative92. "But graduation speeches are less about the message than the messenger" is explainedA. in the final paragraph.B. in the last but one paragraph.C. in the first paragraph.D. in the same paragraph.93. The graduation speeches mentioned in the passage are related to the following themes EXCEPTA. death.B. success.C. service.D. generosity.94. It is implied in the passage that at great moments people fail toA. remain clear-headed.B. keep good manners.C. remember others' words.D. recollect specific details.95. What is "one of the first lessons of growing up"?A. Attending a graduation ceremony.B. Listening to graduation speeches.C. Forgetting details of memorable events.D. Meeting high-profile graduation speakers.TEXT DCultural rules determine every aspect of food consumption. Who eats together defines social units. For example, in some societies, the nuclear family is the unit that regularly eats together. The anthropologist Mary Douglas has pointed out that, for the English, the kind of meal and the kind of food that is served relate to the kinds of social links between people who are eating together. She distinguishes between regular meals, Sunday meals when relatives may come, and cocktail parties for acquaintances. The food served symbolizes the occasion and reflects who is present. For example, only snacks are served at a cocktail party. It would be inappropriate to serve a steak or hamburgers. The distinctions among cocktails, regular meals, and special dinners mark the social boundaries between those guests who are invited for drinks, those who are invited to dinner, and those who come to a family meal. In this example, the type of food symbolizes the category of guest and with whom it is eaten.In some New Guinea societies, the nuclear family is not the unit that eats together. The men take their meals in a men's house, separately from their wives and children. Women prepare and eat their food in their own houses and take the husband's portion to the men's house. The women eat with their children in their own houses. This pattern is also widespread among Near Eastern societies.Eating is a metaphor that is sometimes used to signify marriage. In many New Guinea societies, like that of the Lesu on the island of New Ireland in the Pacific and that of the Trobriand Islanders, marriage is symbolized by the couple's eating together for the first time. Eating。
pets3试题及答案
pets3试题及答案一、单项选择题（每题1分，共10分）1. Which of the following is NOT a pet?A. DogB. CatC. BirdD. Snake2. What is the most common pet in the world?A. HamsterB. ParrotC. FishD. Dog3. What is the main reason for keeping pets?A. For foodB. For companionshipC. For huntingD. For fashion4. Which of the following animals is not suitable as a pet?A. RabbitB. TurtleC. MonkeyD. Goldfish5. What is the best way to care for a pet?A. Feeding it regularlyB. Giving it lots of toysC. Taking it for walksD. All of the above6. What is the most important thing to consider when choosinga pet?A. Its sizeB. Its temperamentC. Its dietD. Its lifespan7. Which of the following is NOT a benefit of having a pet?A. Stress reliefB. ExerciseC. EntertainmentD. Allergies8. What is the legal requirement for pet owners in some countries?A. VaccinationB. RegistrationC. InsuranceD. All of the above9. What is the main reason for pet abandonment?A. Lack of timeB. Lack of spaceC. Lack of moneyD. All of the above10. What is the best way to find a new home for a pet?A. OnlineB. Through a friendC. At a shelterD. All of the above二、填空题（每空1分，共10分）1. The most popular pet in the United States is the _______.2. A _______ is a small mammal that is often kept as a pet.3. The _______ is a common health problem for dogs.4. Pet _______ is a legal requirement in many places.5. A _______ is a place where unwanted pets can find a new home.6. The _______ is a common pet bird that can mimic human speech.7. The _______ is a small mammal that is often kept as a pet.8. A _______ is a type of pet insurance that covers medical expenses.9. The _______ is a common reason for pet allergies.10. The _______ is a type of pet that is often used for therapy.三、简答题（每题5分，共20分）1. Describe the process of adopting a pet from a shelter.2. Explain the importance of regular vet check-ups for pets.3. Discuss the benefits of walking a dog daily.4. What are some common mistakes pet owners make when it comes to feeding their pets?四、论述题（每题10分，共20分）1. Discuss the ethical considerations of keeping exotic animals as pets.2. Explain the role of pets in improving mental health.答案：一、单项选择题1. D2. D3. B4. C5. D6. B7. D8. D9. D10. D二、填空题1. dog2. hamster3. heartworm4. vaccination5. shelter6. parrot7. guinea pig8. pet insurance9. pet dander10. therapy animal三、简答题1. The process of adopting a pet from a shelter involves visiting the shelter, selecting a pet, completing an adoption application, meeting with an adoption counselor, and ifapproved, finalizing the adoption process.2. Regular vet check-ups for pets are important for early detection of health issues, ensuring vaccinations are up to date, and maintaining overall health and well-being.3. Walking a dog daily provides exercise, mental stimulation, and socialization opportunities, which are essential for the dog's physical and emotional health.4. Common mistakes pet owners make when feeding their pets include overfeeding, feeding inappropriate foods, and not providing a balanced diet.四、论述题1. Ethical considerations of keeping exotic animals as pets include the welfare of the animal, the legality of ownership, and the potential impact on native wildlife and ecosystems.2. Pets play a significant role in improving mental health by providing companionship, reducing stress, and offering a sense of purpose and responsibility.。
2010年3月公共英语一级真题及答案(文字完整版)
［ Ａ ］ Ｎ ｏ ｔ ａ ｔ ａ ｌ ｌ 第二节 完形填空
阅读下面短文， 从短文后所给的［ Ａ ］ 、 ［ Ｂ ］ 、 ［ Ｃ ］ 三个选项中选出能填入相应空白处的最佳 选项， 并在答题卡 １上将该项涂黑。 Ｔ ｈ ｏ ｕ ｇ ｈｅ ｖ ｅ ｒ ｙｍ ｏ ｒ ｎ ｉ ｎ ｇＩ ｑ ｕ ｅ ｕ ｅ （ 排队） （ Ｅ ｘ ａ ｍｐ ｌ ｅ ： ０ ） ｔ ｈ ｅ ｂ ｕ ｓ ｓ ｔ ｏ ｐｖ ｅ ｒ ｙｅ ａ ｒ ｌ ｙ ，Ｉ ａ ｍｏ ｆ ｔ ｅ ｎ ４ １ ｆ ｏ ｒ ｓ ｃ ｈ ｏ ｏ １ ．Ｔ ｈ ｅ ｒ ｅ ａ ｓ ｏ ｎｉ ｓ ｔ ｈ ａ ｔ ｔ ｈ ｅ ｒ ｅ ａ ｒ ｅ ４ ２ ｂ ｕ ｓ ｅ ｓ ｆ ｏ ｒ ａ ｌ ｌ ｔ ｈ ｅ ｐ ｅ ｏ ｐ ｌ ｅ ｗ ｈ ｏｑ ｕ ｅ ｕ ｅ ｕ ｐａ ｔ ｔ ｈ ｅ ｓ ｔ ｏ ｐ ，ａ ｎ ｄｔ ｈ ｅ ｂ ｕ ｓ ｅ ｓ ｏ ｆ ｔ ｅ ｎａ ｒ ｒ ｉ ｖ ｅ ｔ ｈ ｅ ｒ ｅ ｌ ａ ｔ ｅ ． ４ ３ ｔ ｈ ｅ ｔ ｉ ｍ ｅ ｔ ａ ｂ ｌ ｅ ， ｔ ｈ ｅ ｒ ｅ ｓ ｈ ｏ ｕ ｌ ｄｂ ｅ ａ ｂ ｕ ｓ ４ ４ ｆ ｉ ｆ ，ｂ ｕ ｔ ｏ ｎ ｅｏ ｆ ｔ ｅ ｎｈ ａ ｓ ｔ ｏｗ ａ ｉ ｔ ４ ５ ｈ ｏ ｕ ｒ ｆ ｏ ｒ ａｂ ｕ ｓ ｔ ｏａ ｒ ｒ ｉ ｖ ｅ ． ｔ ｅ ｅ ｎｍ ｉ ｎ ｕ ｔ ｅ ｓ Ｂ ｙｔ ｈ ｅｔ ｉ ｍ ｅｔ ｈ ｅｂ ｕ ｓ ａ ｒ ｒ ｉ ｖ ｅ ｓ ， ４ ６ ｓ ｏｍ ａ ｎ ｙｐ ｅ ｏ ｐ ｌ ｅｉ ｎｔ ｈ ｅｑ ｕ ｅ ｕ ｅｔ ｈ ａ ｔ ｔ ｈ ｏ ｓ ｅｎ ｅ ａ ｒ ｔ ｈ ｅ ４ ７ ｃ ａ ｎ ’ ｔ ｇ ｅ ｔ ｏ ｎｔ ｈ ｅｂ ｕ ｓ ａ ｎ ｄ ４ ８ ｔ ｏｗ ａ ｉ ｔ ｆ ｏ ｒ ａ ｎ ｏ ｔ ｈ ｅ ｒ ｔ ｈ ｉ ｒ ｔ ｙｍ ｉ ｎ ｕ ｔ ｅ ｓ ｂ ｅ ｆ ｏ ｒ ｅｔ ｈ ｅ ４ ９ ｂ ｕ ｓ ａ ｒ ｒ ｉ ｖ ｅ ｓ ． Ｉ ｗ ｉ ｓ ｈｔ ｈ ｅｂ ｕ ｓ ５ ０ ｗ ｏ ｕ ｌ ｄｐ ｕ ｔ ｍ ｏ ｒ ｅｂ ｕ ｓ ｅ ｓ ｏ ｎ ．
2010年3月公共英语二级真题及答案
2010年3月公共英语二级真题(无听力)一、单项选择题(共15题，合计15分)1—Would you like to go to the cinema with us?— ______ 。
[A] Go ahead[B] I’d love to[C] My pleasure[D] Yes, I like it2 He couldn’t make up his ______ about what to do with the money.[A] thought[B] heart[C] mind[D] head3 Janet has been in this large company for more than twelve years, ______ as a sales manager.[A] work[B] working[C] worked[D] to have worked4 —Are you clear, Tom?—No, sorry. I don’t ______ understand. Can you please explain the sentence again?[A] quite[B] rather[C] pretty[D] fairly5 If Tim moves to London, he ______ have to sell his house in Bristol.[A] will[B] must[C] could[D] should6 The thief might have left the money untouched for the simple reason ______ he didn’t know it was there.[A] why[B] which[C] that[D] how7 Mr. Hall ______ several mistakes Tom made in the composition and asked him to correct them.[A] took out[B] let out[C] pointed out[D] looked out8 The more distant a star happens to be, ______ for us to see.[A] the easier it seems[B] it seems easier[C] easier it seems[D] it seems the easier9 I ______ your house, so I thought I’d stop by for a chat.[A] pass[B] had passed[C] have passed[D] was passing10 She used to call me" Tiny," ______ I was at least as tall as she was.[A] although[B] because[C] unless[D] if11 The play is starting ______ five minutes but the theatre is only half full.[A] for[B] by[C] with[D] in12 The damage ______ by the flood was so large that the buildings cannot be rebuilt in a short time.[A] to be caused[B] causing[C] caused[D] was caused13 Is the average temperature of Shenyang in summer ______ ?[A] like Chicago[B] like it in Chicago[C] like the one of Chicago[D] like that of Chicago14 —" Are you coming to the sports club?"—" No. ______ "[A] have no idea at all.[B] So what?[C] I don’t feel like it today.[D] What about?15 Having an adventure in the forest gave me a chance to use all the training I______.[A] receive[B] had received[C] will receive [D] have received二、完形填空(共1题，合计20分)One Christmas Eve, I kissed my family goodbye and went to spend the night in the hospital where 1 worked in its emergency department(急诊部). It was a (36) job.At 9 pm, a man was brought in. He was having a heart attack and was (37) . I did my best to help him. Before 1 left in the morning, I stopped by to see (38) he was doing. He (39) the night and was sleeping.Emergency doctors don’t have (40) relationships with patients like other docto rs. We get the (41) sick and the wounded. Often they’re frightened or angry at us, just (42) we’re there. They pass through our hands and out the door. We (43) see them again. I thought (44) about my heart patient. The (45) year, I got Christmas Eve duty (46) and I pulled myself off to work. At 9 pm sharp, the nurse told me (47) in the hall wanted to speak with me.The man introduced himself as Mr. Lee and said, "You probably don’t (48) me, but last Christmas Eve you (49) my life. Thank you for the (50) you gave me. " He and his wife handed me a small gift and left.The following year my family was (51) that I could stay home on Christmas Eve. But 1 wanted to seeif the Lees would (52) . I came to work and kept an eye on the door. Once again, at (53) 9 pm, they appeared, carrying their new grandchild.Mr. Lee, his family and I spent 13 Christmas Eves together. He died in 2005. The last time I saw him, he brought me a (54) imprinted(刻着)with a single word: Friendship. Now my family and I ring it every Christmas Eve at 9 pm sharp to remember the man who didn’t (55) .16 [A] boring[B] thankless[C] top[D] dangerous17 [A] blamed[B] astonished[C] frightened[D] annoyed18 [A] which[B] why[C] how[D] whether19 [A] got across[B] came through[C] held on[D] lived with20 [A] friendly[B] direct[C] special[D] continuing21 [A] regularly[B] gradually[C] slightly[D] suddenly22 [A] when[C] until[D] before23 [A] often[B] seldom[C] already[D] only24 [A] no more[B] once again[C] curiously[D] repeatedly25 [A] last[B] following[C] whole[D] recent26 [A] again[B] once[C] done[D] removed27 [A] my friends[B] a doctor[C] a couple[D] my boss28 [A] need[B] know[C] like[D] remember29 [A] saved[B] spent[C] made[D] held30 [A] thought[B] freedom[C] choice[D] year31 [A] touched[B] disappointed[C] delighted[D] worried32 [A] change[B] return[C] leave[D] call33 [A] exactly[B] about[D] nearly34 [A] bottle[B] cup[C] jar[D] bell35 [A] come[B] live[C] forget[D] continue三、阅读理解(共5题，合计20分)Ian Johnstone missed his girlfriend so much that he flew back to Britain from Australia to ask her to marry him. The problem is she did the same in the opposite direction. He and Amy Dolby even managed to miss each other when they sat in the same airport waiting room in Singapore at the same time to wait for connecting flights.After an 11,000-mile flight across the globe, Dolby was greeted by Johnstone’s astonished flatmate asking what she was doing there. "It was as though someone was playing a cruel joke on us," she told The Times."He is the most romantic(浪漫的)person I have ever known. I think our problem is that we are both quite impulsive(易冲动的)people. We are always trying to surprise each other. "Johnstone, a 27-year-old construction worker, had taken a year off to travel round Australia. But he was missing Dolby, a 26-year-old secretary, so much that he got a job on a Sydney building site and started saving for a surprise. He then flew home to Britain and went to her apartment armed with an engagement(订婚) ring and flowers."I really missed Amy and I’d been thinking about her all the time. I thought she was winding me up when she phoned me from Australia. " he said.Johnstone then asked D olby to marry him on the phone. "I didn’t know whether to laugh or cry, but I accepted. " she said.36 Where are Johnstone and Dolby from?[A] Both are from Britain.[B] Both are from Australia.[C] Johnstone’s from Britain, Dolby Australia.[D] Johnstone’s from Australia, Dolby Britain.37 What happened to Johnstone and Dolby at a Singapore airport?[A] They went into the wrong waiting rooms.[B] They failed to see each other.[C] They took the wrong flights.[D] They ran into their flatmates.38 Why did Johnstone get a job in Sydney?[A] The job could help him fly round Australia.[B] He wanted to save money for his wedding.[C] The job there was easy and well-paid.[D] He needed the money to see Dolby.39 The phrase "winding me up" in Paragraph 5 probably means ______.[A] getting anxious to see me[B] saying goodbye to me[C] playing a joke on me[D] trying to cheer me upWhen word got out that Doug Beardsley was introducing a new course this spring—" Hockey (冰球) Literature and the Canadian Psyche(精神) "—the 40 seats in the class were quickly taken. ESPN offered to fly him to New York for a TV chat show, and e-mail arrived from hockey fans and researchers from as far away as Texas and China."They think they can learn something about us as a nation by learning about the game, about Canadian people. They’re right. " says Beardsley.Students in Beardsley’s class completed three research papers related to hockey. The reading list included famous works like The Divine Ryans by Wayne Johnston, The Good Body by Bill Gas ton and Les Canadiells by Rick Salutin. They are the kind of books that get at the true meaning of being Canadian.In Beardsley’s words, hockey shows the very nature of the polite Canadian. "I think that a longwith this peace-sharing, gentle image comes a need for mayhem(混乱). So we invent the game and—whammo! —you get on the ice and it serves as a way of letting out those energies that wedon’t allow ourselves elsewhere. " says Beardsley, who added that the reason the game needs to be played in winter is our form of saying, "Look, even up here in the frozen north we can turn this around and make it work for us. ""I’m talking about something larger than what happens on the ice and so is the course. "40 What is the main purpose of the text?[A] To teach how to play hockey.[B] To introduce an English teacher.[C] To introduce a book by Beardsley.[D] To talk about hockey and the Canadians.41 We learn from Paragraph 1 that ______ .[A] ESPN has its offices around the world[B] all ch airs in Beardsley’s class were taken away[C] hockey is a popular sport in New York[D] Beardsley’s course on hockey is very popular42 What does the underlined word "they" in Paragraph 2 refer to?[ A] Hockey fans and researchers.[B] Students in Beardsle y’s class.[C] Producers of the TV program.[D] Viewers of the ESPN program.43 Hockey was invented in Canada because ______ .[A] people can get a chance to fight and let out energy[B] the weather of the country is good for the sport[C] people want to show what they can do on ice[D] Canadians like to play sports in a gentle wayThere are three kinds of memory: sense memory, working memory, and long-term memory. Think of them as three connected rooms in which you store different kinds of memories.The first kind of memory is sense memory. Everything you are sensing right now is stored here.Perhaps you feel the sun on your face or smell the aroma(香味) of food. Sense memories last only a few seconds, but they connect one moment to the next. They give your life a flow, even though they are quickly forgotten.You keep a few items(条目) in working memory. These are memories you need for what you are doing. Suppose you look up a friend's telephone number in the phone book. You’ll probably remembe r the number for a little while. But if you get distracted (分神), you might quickly forget it. A memory usually stays in your working memory for just a few days at most. Working memory has another limit, too. Only a small number of items fit into it at any given time.Memories you want to keep for a long time go into your long-term memory. They can stay with you all your life. In long-term memory, you can store a huge number of items. Can you re member how to play your favorite game? Do you recall your first birthday party? If so, you are bringing up memoriesthat are stored in your long-term memory. Sometimes, people have trouble finding a particular long- term memory. Have you ever struggled to remember a familiar name or fact? When this happens, people sometimes say the information is "on the tip of the tongue. "44 Which of the following best describes the sense memory?[A] It’s your preference for certain food.[B] It’s something you did a while ago.[C] It’s a memory of the distant past.[D] It’s an imme diate memory.45 What does the author say about working memory?[A] The number of stored items is limited.[B] The information contained is lasting.[C] It stays only while you work.[D] It stores numbers quickly.46 If something is" on the tip of the tongue" ( Paragraph 4), ______ .[A] you say it in a polite way[B] you remember it all your life[C] you don’t want to write it down[D] you know it but can’t remember it47 what can be a suitable title for the text?[A] Kinds of Memories[B] The Length of Memories[C] New Findings on Memories[D] The Importance of MemoriesYou can find a hotel in London very easily through listings in various free magazines. They of ten provide information on the hotel’s location (位置) and facilities (设施).The Dove Hotel, Paddington, W2Today’s traveller quite rightly expects the highest standards of quality, comfort and value. At the Dove it is impossible to be disappointed. Our hotel is located a few minutes’walk from 5 underground lines and bus stops. The Heathrow Express goes directly to Heathrow in 15 minutes from Paddington Station.Sunset Hotel, Bayswater, W2Located in a very popular place for shopping, the hotel is open 24 hours a day and all rooms have an suite facilities together with color TV and direct dial telephon e. The hotel is opposite Whit ley’s indoor shopping centre in Queensway, and only a few minutes’walk from Kensington gar dens—the former home of Princess Diana.Queen’s Hotel, Earls Court, SW5Queen’s Hotel is a small friendly hotel in the Kensington area. The hotel is close to the Earl’s Court Exhibition Halls 1 and 2 and the Olympia Exhibition Halls with their many shows in cluding everything from business to boats! We are easy to reach from Heathrow Airport and only a few stops on the underground to central London attractions.The George Hotel, Kings Cross, N1The George Hotel has 35 rooms all with central heating, color TV, and tea and coffee-making facilities. The family-run hotel has clean comfortable rooms and many satisfied customers, who have experienced a "home away from h0me" feeling. The big English breakfast will keep you going until dinnertime !48 Where is Sunset Hotel located?[A] In Kensington gardens.[B] At Bayswater, W2.[C] Near Earl’s Court, SW5.[D] Next to Olympia Exhibition Halls.49 How long does it take to go to central London from Queen’s Hotel?[A] 5 stops by bus.[B] 15 minutes by car.[C] A few minutes’walk.[D] A few stops by underground.50 Which hotel is the closest to public transport?[A] The Dove Hotel.[B] Sunset Hotel.[C] Queen’s Hotel.[D] The George Hotel.51 What is special about the George Hotel?[A] It has color TV.[B] It is run by a family.[C] It is close to the shopping centre.[D] It has more rooms than the others.I find it annoying and funny when I think about how we use protective or decorative wrappings(装饰性包装) in this country.When I come home from the supermarket and start to unpack, I am always shocked at the layers of wrappings we cover our food with.There is hardly anything we buy that doesn’t come in at least two wrappings, and then several of them are gathered by the shop assistant and put into a small bag. Then several of the small bags are grouped together and put into a big bag. If you have several big bags with small bags in them, they give you a cardboard box to put the packages-in-the-little-bags-in-the-big-bags in.A lot of things we buy wouldn’t really need any protective wrapping at all. The skin of an orange protects an orange pretty well for most of its natural life, but we aren’t satisfied with what nature has given it. We wrap them in plastic or put them in a net bag, and then in a paper bag. The orange inside the skin, inside the plastic which is in the paper bag, must wonder where it is.A box of biscuits often has waxed paper(蜡纸) next to the biscuits, a cardboard box holding the food and then a decorative wrapping around it.A relative of ours bought a new sofa recently because she liked the fine leather (皮革) it was covered with. She liked it so much she didn’t want it to get dirty, so she bought a cloth cover toput over it.52 According to the author, the use of protective wrappings ______ .[A] can be wasteful and unnecessary[B] makes everything look funny[C] gives people more work to do[D] is a practice against natural life53 What can be the best protective wrapping for the orange?[A] Plastic.[B] A net bag.[C] Its own skin.[D] A paper bag.54 The underlined word "it" in Paragraph 5 refers to ______ .[A] the food[B] the waxed paper[C] the cardboard box[D] the decorative wrapping55 What does the author think of his relative who bought a sofa?[A] She should not buy a leather sofa.[B] She should not cover her sofa with a cloth.[C] She should not forbid the visitors to see the leather.[D] She should not allow the leather cover to get dirty.四、写作(共1题，合计35分)56书面表达假设你是李明。