英语阅读理解中的词义猜测.doc
阅读理解词义猜测题.doc
阅读理解词义猜测题词义猜测题就是考查考生在阅读时不用查词典，仅仅通过上下文的意思就能猜测出生词词义的能力。
突出考查考生对语境的分析和把握能力。
考查的词有时为新词，有时为熟词新义。
设问方式：对单词意思的猜测：1.The underlined word in the … paragraph refers to / means ________2.What does the word “….” In paragraph … stand for /mean?3.“….” could best be replaced by which of the following?4.the word “…..” is closest in meaning to _______________.对短语意思的猜测1.The expression /phrase “….” Means __________2.the underlined expression/ phrase in paragraph refers to / means _________3.“…” could best be replaced by which of the following?4.the phrase “……” is closest in meaning to __________\对句子意思的猜测：1.The sentence “…..” indicates that ______________2.The underlined sentence implies /means that ____________3.what does the underlined sentence mean?4.By “….”, the author means that _____________.对代词的意思猜测What does the word “….” Underlined in the last paragraph refer to ?What does the underlined word refer to?解题技巧：1．根据单词的前缀或后缀猜测单词的意思2．注意文章中能够解释生词的定义性语句3．根据单词与文章其他部分的关系，通过对比、因果、比较等方法猜测词义。
专题01 阅读理解 ( 词义猜测题)高考英语真题试题研究
例子4
26．What is “a juicer” in the last paragraph? A．A dessert. B．A drink. C．A container. D．A machine. [分析] 该段第一句含有一个if引导的条件状语从句，若满足该条件，则产生的结果是第一句的 后半句和第二句， “you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a ‘softserve’ creamy dessert, to be eaten right away.” 即“将冰冻香蕉和其他莓类、水果片放进去，出来的是奶油状甜品”。由此因果关系可推知 juicer指的是榨汁机。故选择D项。
阅读理解之词义猜测题
技巧导图
ONE
根据线索确定词义的方法
根据线索确定词义的方法
1. 定义法。 Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly. 句子给予annealing 以明确的定义，即＂退火＂。 It will be very hard but also very brittle — that is, it will break easily. 从后面的解释中我们可以了解到brittle 是＂脆＂的意思。 The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. 定语从句中 looks after sheep 就表明了 herdsman 的词义为＂牧人＂。
ONE
专题15-阅读之词义猜测题(原卷版)-备战2022年新高考英语一轮复习考点一遍过
考点15 阅读之词义猜测（原卷版）【命题趋势】词义猜测题型是高考中必考题型，每年考察1-2题。
所以词义猜测题型也是考生需要复习的考点。
词义猜测，即阅读中的完形填空。
可以通过前后句子中的关键词寻找相对应的词。
只要找到方法，拿下词义猜测轻而易举。
当然，着需要我们掌握足够的词汇量才能游刃有余！【重要考向】一、了解词义猜测题型的基本设题方式和基本提示词；二、掌握词义猜测解题技巧；考向一【2021年新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解C篇】When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl ( 水禽) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever-increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat.29. What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph?A. Acquire.B. Export.C. Destroy.D. Distribute.了解词义猜测题型的基本设题方式(1) 代词类猜词题The underlined word "them" in Paragraph 2 refers to_______.The underlined word “it" in Para. 4 refers to _______.(2) 其他类猜测题What does the word X (in Paragraph X) mean?What does the underlined word X mean?What can we learn from the underlined sentence?The underlined word X probably means _______.考向二【2021年全国乙卷阅读理解C篇】Still, 55 percent of Australians have a landline phone at home and only just over a quarter （29%）rely only on their smartphones according to a survey （调查）. Of those Australians who still have a landline, a third concede that it’s not really necessary and they’re keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies. I think my home falls into that category.25. What does the underlined word “concede” in paragraph 3 mean?A. Admit.B. Argue.C. Remember.D. Remark.1. 代词类猜词题做题方法第一步：优先看划线句第二步：前指向性第三步：代词单复数线索2. 其他类猜词题做题方法根据构词法：通过转化、合成、词根词缀等词根词缀常见前缀：前缀作用：通常前缀一般改变单词的意义，不改变词性常见后缀：后缀作用：通常会改变单词的词性，构成意义相近的其他词性(3) 因果法—— 根据因果关系常见表示因果的词汇：because, for, as, since, for the reason that, considering that (4) 并列法—— 根据并列顺承关系常见的并列词：and, as well as, not only…but also…, together/along with, when/while (5) 转折法——根据转折关系常见表示转折的词汇：while, not, but, however, yet, otherwise, though, despite, in spite of , in contrast, instead of, rather than1.【2021年浙江卷1月阅读理解C篇】“The vagueness of the gesture meanings suggests either that the chimps have little to communicate, or we are still missing a lot of the information contained in their gestures and actions,” she said. “Moreover, the meanings seem to not go beyond what other animals convey with non-verbal communication. So, it seems the gulf remains.”29. What does the underlined word “gulf” in the last paragraph mean?A. Difference.B. Conflict.C. Balance.D. Connection.2.【2021年全国甲卷阅读理解C篇】Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of British skateboarding, where the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing .I loved it. I soon made friends with the local skaters. We spoke our own language. And my favorite: Safe. Safe meant cool. It meant hello. It meant don't worry about it. Once, when trying a certain trick on the beam（横杆）, I fell onto the stones, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Toby came over, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their boards loud, shouting: “Safe! Safe! Safe!” And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a good skater.9. What do the underlined words “Safe! Safe! Safe!” probably mean?A. Be careful!B. Well done!C. No way!D. Don't worry!3.【2021年6月浙江卷阅读理解A篇】In the past few years, an increasing number of people and organisations have begun coming up with plans to counter this trend. A couple of years ago, film-maker David Bond realised that his children, then aged five and three, were attached to screens to the point where he was able to say "chocolate" into his three-year-old son's ear without getting a response. He realised that something needed to change, and, being a London media type, appointed himself"marketing director for Nature". He documented his journey as he set about treating nature as a brand to be marketed to young people. The result was Project Wild Thing, a film which charts the birth of the Wild Network a group of organisations with the common goal of getting children out into nature.26. Which of the following can replace the underlined word "charts" in paragraph 2A. recordsB. predictsC. delaysD. confirms4.【2021天津卷3月阅读理解B篇】The poignancy of Jordan retiring from his beloved basketball to play baseball and what had pushed him to make such a tough decision took me by surprise. As I watched him take off his basketball uniform and replace it with a baseball uniform, I saw him leaving behind the layer that no longer served him, just as our lizard had. Neither of them chose the moment that had transformed them. But they had to live with who they were after everything was different. Just like us. I realized that we have to learn to leave the past behind.43. The underlined part "leaving behind the layer" in Paragraph 8 can be understood as .A. letting go of the pastB. looking for a new jobC. getting rid of a bad habitD. giving up an opportunity5.【2020全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解B篇】While I tend to buy a lot of books, these three were given to me as gifts, which might add to the meaning I attach to them. But I imagine that, while money is indeed wonderful and necessary, rereading an author’s work is the highest currency a reader can pay them. The best books are the ones that open further as time passes. But remember, it’s you that has to grow and read and reread in order to better understand your friends.26. What does the underlined word ＂currency＂in paragraph 4 refer to?A. Debt.B. Reward.C. Allowance.D. Face value.6. 【2020全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解C篇】Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild. “The ecosystem down there can’t handle this non-native species（物种）.It’s destroying the environment.It’s them or us." says Michael Massimi, an expert in this field.The fur trade kept nutria check for decades，but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s，the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy.30. What does the underlined word “collapsed” in paragraph 5 probably mean?A. Boomed.B. Became mature.C. Remained stable.D. Crashed.7. 【2020全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解D篇】As I grew older and became a mother, the library took on a new place and an added meaning in my life. I had several children and books were our main source(来源) of entertainment. It was a big deal for us to load up and go to the local library, where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them.33. What does the underlined phrase “an added meaning” in paragraph 3 refer to?A. Pleasure from working in the library.B. Joy of reading passed on in the family.C. Wonderment from acting out the stories.D. A closer bond developed with the readers.8. 【2020全国卷III阅读理解B篇】Yet "Apes" is more exception than the rule. In fact, Hollywood has been hot on live animals lately. One nonprofit organization, which monitors the treatment or animals in filmed entertainment, is keeping tabs on more than 2,000 productions this year. Already, a number of films, including "Water for Elephants," "The Hangover Part Ⅱ" and "Zookeeper," have drawn the anger of activists who say the creatures acting in them haven’t been treated properly.26. What does the underlined phrase "keeping tabs on" in paragraph 3 probably mean?A. Listing completely.B. Directing professionally.C. Promoting successfully.D. Watching carefully.9. 【2020全国新高考卷阅读理解C篇】His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book, Chasing the Sea: Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea. It is the story of an American travelling to a strange land, and of the people he meets on his way: Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24-year-old who picked up his colorful English in California, Oleg and Natasha, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid workers.9. What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to? （）A. Developing a serious mental disease.B. Taking a guided tour in Central Asia.C. Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.D. Writing an article about the Aral Sea.10. 【2020全国新高考卷阅读理解D篇】According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions（份）, it's the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.13. What does the underlined word "beanpoles" in paragraph 1 refer to? （）A. Big eaters.B. Overweight persons.C. Picky eaters.D. Tall thin persons.11.【2019全国卷Ⅰ阅读理解B篇】But he’s nervous.＂I’m here to tell you today why you should … should…＂Chris trips on the＂-ld,＂a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers. His teacher, Thomas Whaley, is next to him, whispering support.＂…Vo te for …me…＂Except for some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion, Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.25. What does the underlined word ＂stumbles＂in paragraph 2 refer to?A. Improper pauses.B. Bad manners.C. Spelling mistakes.D. Silly jokes.12.【2019全国卷Ⅱ阅读理解B篇】I guess that there's probably some demanding work schedule, or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport. She may just need a little persuading. So I try again and tug at the heartstrings. I mention the single parent with four kids run ning the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren’t even on… At this point the unwilling parent speaks up, "Alright. Yes, I’ll do it."25. What does the underlined phrase "tug at the heartstrings" in paragraph 2 mean?A. Encourage team work.B. Appeal to feelings.C. Promote good deeds.D. Provide advice.13.【2019全国卷Ⅲ阅读理解B篇】"China is impossible to overlook," says Hill. "Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion —they are central to its movement. "Of course, only are today's top Western designers being influenced by China —some of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese." Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu are taking on Galiano, Albaz, Marc Jacobs-and beating them hands down in design and sales," adds Hill.26.What do the underlined words "taking on" in paragraph 4 mean?A. learning fromB. looking down onC. working withD. competing against14.【2019天津卷阅读理解D篇】The book turns out to be one that has appealed to the world for more than 350 years. That former prisoner was Cervantes, and the book was Don Quixote（《堂吉诃德》）. And the story poses an interesting question: why do some people discover new vitality and creativity to the end of their days, while others go to seed long before?We’ve all known people who run out of steam before they reach life’s halfway mark. I’m not talking about those who fail to get to the top. We can’t all get there. I’m talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.52. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A. End one’s struggle for liberty.B. Waste one’s energy taking risks.C. Miss the opportunity to succeed.D. Lose the interest to continue learning.1.【广东省广州市2021届高三一模】Nearly two hundred years later, Leeuwenhoek's discovery of microbes helped French chemist and biologist Louis Pasteur to develop his “theory of disease”. This concept suggested that disease originates from tiny organisms attacking and weakening the body. Pasteur’s theory later helped doctors to fight infectious diseases including anthrax, diphtheria, polio, smallpox, tetanus, and typhoid. All these breakthroughs were the result of Leeuwenhoek's original work. Leeuwenhoek did not foresee this legacy.5．The underlined phrase “this legacy” in paragraph 3 refers to_______.A．the discovery of microbes.B．Pasteur's theory of disease.C．Leeuwenhoek's contribution.D．the origin of the tiny organism.2.【广东省深圳市2021届高三调研】By the time I arrived, the sailing club had grown. At weekends, we would work on her all day, cleaning and painting her, and collapse into sleeping bags on the floor at night. Then came the big day when a school sailing trip was announced. Its destination was Saint-Malo. But it also meant that we had to refit the ship by removing every piece of ballast(压舱物)and replacing the bilge water(底舱污水)before we were allowed to sail.And I did learn the ropes on that school trip. I learned how to operate a ship in the high waves. I learned the meaning of teamwork and became a better team player. I also learned that the best fish is the one that you have caught and cooked yourself from a boat that you have rebuilt and sailed yourself.7．What does the underlined phrase “learn the ropes” in paragraph 4 mean?A．Learn to cook.B．Master useful skills.C．Ensure sailing safety.D．Use ropes properly.3.【广东湛江一中2021届高三模拟】On achieving success:“When you make a choice and say, ‘Come hell or high water, I am going to be this,’ then you should not be surprised when you are that. It should not be something that is intoxicating or out of character because you have seen this moment for so long that ... when that moment comes, of course it is here because it has been here the whole time, because it has been [in your mind] the whole time.”On failure:“I don’t mean to sound cavalier when I say that, but never. It’s basketball. I’ve practiced and practiced and played so many times. There’s nothing truly to be afraid of, when you think about it ... Because I’ve failed before, and I woke up the next morning, and I’m OK. People say bad things about you in the paper on Monday, and then on Wednesday, you're the greatest thing since sliced bread. I’ve seen that cycle, so why would I be nervous about it happening?”5．The word “cavalier” in the 3rd paragraph probably means __________.A．not serious or caring B．anxious and eagerC．worried and pessimistic D．not proud or arrogant4.【河北省石家庄市2021届高三质检】“This must be a simply vast wardrobe!” thought Lucy, going still further in. Then she noticed that there was something crunching under her feet. “Is that more mothball?” she thought, stooping down to feel it with her hand. But instead of feeling the hard, smooth wood, she felt something soft and powdery and extremely cold. “This is very queer,” she said, and went on a step or two further.7．What does the underlined word “queer” mean?A．Terrifying.B．Empty.C．Strange.D．Impressive.5.【湖南师范大学附中2021届高三模拟】In two-and-a-half years, the pair still have to replenish their incomes with some writing and editing, but the business is growing and within five years they hope to be helping fund half a dozen research projects. It is a big task. “Some days we think it would be great to turn it off,” MacCallum says, “but when we see the wonder on the face of a person who is experiencing somewhere like the Galapagos for the first time, we know we are living a wonderful life.”7．The underlined word “replenish" in Paragraph 4 means _________.A．consume B．supply C．reduce D．control6.【重庆市第八中学2021届高三二诊】Professor Sabbatucci received hundreds of calls from people hoping to trick him into handing them the cash. But there was one voice he recognized and he arranged to meet the man in a park. The robber, a 35-year-old unemployed father of two, gave back the suitcase and burst into tears. He could not believe what was happening. “Why didn’t you keep the money?” he asked. The professor replied, “I couldn’t because it’s not mine.” Then he walked off, spurning the thief’s offer of a reward.27．The underlined word “spurning” in the last sentence can be replaced by ________.A．accepting B．claimingC．rejecting D．cancelling7.【河北省张家口市2021届高三期末】In 1985. C'harlie Burrell inherited （继承）a piece of land in West Sussex, England, which is 3.500 acres. It had been in his family for more than 200 years. As it was a failing farm, he and his wife. Isabella Tree, were all set to run a traditional farm, but soon realized the costs far outweighed the profits. The land wasn't suitable for growing crops anymore.So. in 2001, the couple decided to try something else — an experiment in “rewilding”，or restoring environments to their natural state. They reintroduced native species, including Tamworth pigs, Exmoor ponies, longhorn cattle, and deer. Then they took out all the fences and let the animals wander freely.In the following years, the land went through an incredible change. The once neat fields were covered with bushes, creating habitats where new plant and animal species could grow.Now it's home to many different creatures, including two rare species of bats, nightingales, peregrine falcons, white storks, and even turtle doves, whose numbers have dropped by 98 percent in the U. K. over the last few decades!“We were living in a biological desert. Now, ecologists are blown away all the time by just the amount of life here," Isabella said. "It shows the potential that this kind of project has for changing trends of biodiversity decline.What's more, the land is now profitable! Charlie and Isabella offer multiple services there, including walking tours, safaris, photography classes, and rewilding workshops. They also sell meat to control their large animal populations, and even allow visitors to spend a night outside in the tents they set up.What a promising outcome! This is amazing news for conservationists and shows that our planet can be returned to its natural glory, if only we let it. Now, it's a beautiful reminder of how ecosystems can be restored by letting Mother Nature take the control.8.【河北省张家口市第一中学2021届高三期中】The end of the school year was in sight and spirits were high. I was back teaching after an absence of 15 years, dealing with the various kinds of "forbidden fruit" that come out of book bags. Now was the spring of the water pistol.I decided to think up a method of dealing with forbidden fruit."Please bring that pistol to me," I said. "I'm going to put it in my Grandma's Box.""What's that?" they asked."It's a large wooden chest full of toys for my grandchildren," I replied,"You don't have grandchildren," someone said."I don't now." I replied. "But someday I will. When I do, my box will be full of wonderful things for them."My imaginary Grandma's Box worked like magic that spring, and later. Sometimes. students would ask me to describe all the things I had in it. Then I would try to remember the different possessions I supposedly had taken away—since I seldom actually kept them. Usually the offender would appear at the end of the day, and I would return the belonging.25．What do the underlined words "the offender" in paragraph 8 refer to?A．The student's parent.B．The maker of the Grandma's Box.C．The author's grandchild.D．The owner of the forbidden fruit.9.【2020届8月贵州省贵阳市普通高中高三摸底】As it turned out, it not only shocked the US actress, but also brought criticism from those who believed Fanning was too young compared to other veterans in the industry. But Fanning’s acting experience was in fact a good argument for her jury membership. In fact, Fanning has been a Hollywood fixture for longer than you realize.4. What does the underlined word “veterans” probably mean?A. shocked actressesB. green hands C experienced people D. music producers10.【湖北省华中师范大学第一附属中学2021届高三期中】It’s been less than a month since Arnold, a Texas high school student, was forbidden from going to the prom and graduation unless he cut his locs. As his story spread on social media, celebrities and activists came to Arnold’s defence and encouraged him to stand up to his school’s hair discrimination. Now, in a significant turn of events, he’s proudly wearing his own hair-style at the 2020 Oscars.Arnold and his mother were invited to attend as the guests of director Matthew A．Cherry, who won the award for Best Animated Short Film for Hair Love tonight. Fittingly, the short film tells the story of a Black father learning to style his daughter’s natural hair.Arnold told us he couldn’t wait to walk the red carpet with the Hair Love team. “I’m so grateful. I never expected any of this,” Arnold says. “The message of that movie and my message go together so well. I think it’s really amazing how they reached out to me and how we can fight this together.”5．What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?A．Violence.B．Discrimination.C．Panic.D．Starvation.11.【湖南省郴州市2021届高三第二次质量检测】While studying, I began exploring Mexico, crossing the country several times by bus. Now I work as a photojournalist in Mexico and along the border, documenting desperate situations that face everyday Mexicans. Though necessary and important, news stories don’t reflect the Mexico that I fell for and that is home to so many people I love. A task focused on the country’s natural beauty was a welcome reprieve for me.9．What can best replace the underlined word “reprieve” in Paragraph 2?A．Memory.B．Idea.C．Victory.D．Relief.12.【湖南省湖南师大附中2021届高三月考三】Clark, a rising fifth-grader who is Filipino-American, told HuffPost he's been dreaming about breaking Phelps' record ever since he started swimming competitively at age 7."I was so motivated,"Clark said about his win."I was so happy that I was able to beat that record.”Phelps competed in his first Olympics at age 15. He went on to become the most decorated Olympian in history, with 28 medals overall. “Everyone in the crowd was excited when they realized what a special swim they had just seen when we announced the long-standing record had been broken,"Cindy Rowland,Pacific Swimming's director, wrote in an email.5．Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word“decorated”in Paragraph 4?A．Being popular.B．Being respected.C．Being talked about most.D．Being awarded medals.13.【辽宁省沈阳市郊联体2021届高三期末】The artists of Creative Growth will be on view throughout the month of August, coupled with musical performances and film screenings organized by L.A．Takedown. All proceeds from the month will benefit the artists and space. The money will be used to improve the condition of the studio and for the development of the artists. “L.A．doesn’t really have a place like Creative Growth,” Olson said, discussing his hopes for the show.14．What does the underlined word “proceeds” in the last paragraph mean?A．Activities.B．WorkC．Profits D．Arrangement14.【辽宁省沈阳市郊联体2021届高三期末】“I tested it at home and just couldn’t believe the result. I sprayed it in Sienna’ s room first and the floor was immediately silenced,” said Lanzarotti. “Eight months later, it was still silent. It felt like a huge relief. When Tracy saw the difference for the first time, her face just lit up. You can treat a couple of rooms in an hour.” he added. “It’ s a no-brainer for any parents with noisy floors, and it’ll be life-changing.”7．What do the underlined word “a no-brainer” in the last paragraph mean?A．A difficult decision.B．An unusual effort.C．A real headache.D．An easy job.15.【湖北省黄冈市2021届高三调研】I might be letting my young son watch too much television. I am certainly watching too many of his programs. They can really be perplexing as they force you to think carefully about the mysteries of life.For example, when Franklin (the turtle) wanted a pet, his parents didn’t want it to be a frog. They felt that frogs belong in a pond. Isn’t that where turtles belong?4．What does the underlined word “perplexing” in paragraph 1 probably mean?A．Boring.B．Humorous.C．Confusing.D．Curious.。
英语阅读中如何猜词意
例如：We had little food with us, only a few biscuits and some chocolate.
此句中，假设biscuits是生词，那么我们无法准确地说出它的意思是什么，但是我们能够知道它与chocolate同属于food这一义域，不再追究它的精确含义也不会影响对基本句意的理解。
句中结果部分说“无法确定这是什么声音，甚至无法确定它来自哪儿”，而faint就是其原因，于是便可推知faint意为“微弱”。
6) 依靠常识和经验来推测语义。
例如：If you want our land to keep fertile, you must try to stop soil from being carried away by water or winds. When soil is taken away by flowing water or blowing winds, we call it soil erosion.
2) 根据词性或构词法作出判断。
例如：He fished out an old book from the bag.
此句中的fish一词可能令人费解。如果分析一下句子成分，就不难看出它是表示一种动作的动词，加上out的词义，我们大体上能猜出fish out是“掏出”的意思。再如：
Will you honour me with a visit?
4) 根据文中对某一生词的直接或间接解释来弄清该词的含义。
例如：She had a lesion on her arm that would not stop bleeding一句中lesion假定为生词，我们则可根据后面修饰它的定语从句所提供的意思“血流不止”来推知lesion为“伤口”之意。
第17讲阅读理解词义猜测题(讲义)-2024年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(新教材新高考)(原卷版)
►第17讲词义猜测题（讲义）【复习目标】明确命题规律和提问方式掌握不同题型的解题方法熟练代词的含义【考情分析】近三年新高考阅读理解词义猜测题细目表【网络构建】命题规律：词义猜测题是高考阅读理解试题中的必考题型, 可以是对一个单词意义的推断，也可以是对一个短语或句子的推断，既可以考查生词的意义，也可以考查熟词的新意，可以考查替代词的内容。
在阅读理解题中，所考查的词或短语大多超出考纲的范围，需要根据语境进行推测其含义。
平时的训练中应当注意生词和短语的积累，还要掌握构词法，和一定的解题技巧。
题型和考查角度：1.猜测生词或熟词生义。
2.猜测短语的意义。
3.猜测代替词所替代的内容。
4.猜测句意。
命题方式：The phrase“...”in the sentence could be replaced by“”.The word “...”in the paragraph refer to“”.What is the meaning of the underlined word in the.. paragraph?Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the phrase“...”?The word“...”most nearly means“”.The underlined sentence in the... paragraph implies that .解题技巧：文中画线处上下文。
2.理解上下文，查找提示点，根据背景、上下文等线索推测生词词义。
选项特征：1.根据定义推测词义有时作者会通过给词汇下定义来帮助读者理解该词的基本含义，如线索词that is, or, namely, in other words, that is to say, to be more exact, to put it another way, which is等。
英语阅读中猜测生词词义的技巧
英语阅读中如何猜测生词词义?一．利用构词法猜测词义1．根据前缀猜测词义He fell into a ditch and lay there semiconscious for a few minutes.根据词根conscious (清醒的，有意识的)，结合前缀semi (半，部分的，不完全的)，我们便可猜出semiconscious词义“半清醒的，半昏迷的”。
I’m illiterate about such things.词根literate意为“有文化的，通晓的”，前缀il表示否定，因此illiterate指“一窍不通的，不知道的”。
2．根据后缀猜测词义Insecticide is applied where it is needed in the countryside.后缀cide表示“杀，灭”，结合熟悉的词根insect (昆虫)，不难猜出insecticide意为“杀虫剂”。
Then the vapor may change into droplets.后缀let表示“小的”，词根drop指“滴，滴状物”。
将两个意思结合起来，便可推断出droplet 词义为“小滴，微滴”。
3．根据复合词的各组成部分猜测词义Growing economic problems were highlighted by a slowdown in oil output.highlight或许是一个生词，但是分析该词结构后，就能推测出其含义。
它是由high (高的，强的)和light (光线) 两部分组成，合在一起便是“以强光照射，使突出”的意思。
Bullfight is very popular in Spain.bull (公牛)和fight (打，搏斗)结合在一起，指在西班牙颇为流行的体育运动---- 斗牛。
二．利用针对性解释猜测词义1．根据定义猜测词义经常用来引导定义的词和短语主要有：be, mean, refer to, be called, be known as, define, in other words, that is, i.e., or, namely…等。
第03讲 词义猜测题(讲义)(教师版) 2025年高考英语一轮复习讲练测(新教材新高考)
第03讲词义猜测题目录01 考情透视·目标导航∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙102 知识导图·思维引航∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙203 考点突破·考法探究∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙2考点一题型破解∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙2知识点1 题型特点∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙3知识点2 选项规律∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙3知识点3 高分技巧∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙3考点二代词猜测题∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙4考点三单词或短语猜测题∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙6考点四句意猜词题∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙7 04真题练习·命题洞现1.真题实战∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙92.命题演练∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙10近三年阅读理解词义猜测题考点细目考点一题型破解知识点1 题型特点分析近三年新高考卷及全国卷考查词义猜词的题目可知，对短语的考查与对生词的考查都有所涉及，短语已经不再限制于由课标词组成的短语了，出现了非课标词。
高考英语阅读理解 词义猜测
词义猜测知识摘要一、高考阅读理解词义猜测类题目常见的设问方式1. The word “…” refers to/ probably means ________.2. The underlined word “…” could best be replaced by ________.3. What do you think the expression “…” stands for?4. By saying “…” we mean ________.5. “…” as used in the passage can best be defined as ________.6. Which of the following words can take the place of the word “…”?考点梳理一、利用指代关系猜测找出人称代词、指示代词、关系代词或关系副词所指代的内容。
连读前、后段落，主要看前面的句子所出现的名词及相当于名词的表达。
二、利用定义语猜测对于某个陌生词，作者一般会在文章中给出该词的定义或解释。
这种解释可能是一种重复说明或定义。
线索词有that, which, is等。
三、利用定语或同位语猜测通常引出同位语的词有or, that is, in other words等，还有以括号或破折号的形式出现。
在这些标记词后较易找到同画线词意义相同或相近的词。
四、利用文章中的举例猜测根据文章所举的例子，从具体到一般，猜出该生词的意思。
五、利用对比或比较的词语猜测运用有对比关系的词语，例如反义词，可以暗示出生词的含义。
这类词主要有but, yet, however, while, unlike, instead, on the other hand, on the contrary, in contrast to等。
标点符号中的分号也可表示对比。
六、利用构词法猜测分析复合词，从该词的各个部分的特定意思及联系上猜出该词的意思。
阅读理解突破之词义猜测题
阅读理解突破之词义猜测题高考命题取向正确理解文中单词或短语的含义是理解文章的第一步，也是理解文章的基础，不懂单词含义根本就谈不上理解文章。
但英语单词、短语的含义并非完全等同于词典中所标注的汉语意思，其含义随不同语境会有所不同。
能根据上下文理解灵活变化的词义，才算是真正初步具备了一定的阅读理解能力。
在高考阅读理解中，词义猜测题通常有以下三种情况：推测划线单词或短语的含义；推测划线代词指代含义；推测划线句子的含义。
近3年全国高考细节理解题题量统计对于推测划线单词或短语的含义，可以依据定义、同位语、文章中的例子、对比关系或比较关系、构词法、并列结构、因果关系等来解题；对于推测代词含义，可以从宏观上充分把握代词指代内容涉及段落的整体含义，并从微观入手抓住关键词或关键句，弄清逻辑关系（因果关系，转折关系，补充说明，对比关系等）来解题；关于推测划线句含义，采用三步法—一定位，返回原文，定位划线句子，理清句子结构；二分析，分析划线句子前后语境，根据关键信息和逻辑关系（因果关系，转折关系，补充说明，对比关系等）合理推断句意；三比较，比较选项，找出与推断出的句义相似的选项。
高考典题例析推测划线单词或短语的含义例1 (2022·全国甲卷)As Ginni Bazlinton reached Antarctica, she found herself greeted by a group of little Gentoo penguins(企鹅)longing to say hello.These gentle, lovely gatekeepers welcomed her and kick-started what was to be a trip Ginni would never forget.Ever since her childhood, Ginni, now 71, has had a deep love for travel.Throughout her career(职业)as a professional dancer, she toured in the UK, but always longed to explore further. When she retired from dancing and her sons eventually flew the nest, she decided it was time to take the plunge.After taking a degree at Chichester University in Related Arts, Ginni began to travel the world, eventually getting work teaching English in Japan and Chile.And it was in Chile she discovered she could get last-minute cheap deals on ships going to Antarctica from the islands off Tierra del Fuego, the southernmost tip of the South American mainland.“I just decided I wanted to go,” she says.“I had no idea about what I'd find there and I wasn't nervous, I just wanted to do it.And I wanted to do it alone as I always prefer it that way.”In March 2008, Ginni boarded a ship with 48 passengers she'd never met before, to begin the journey towards Antarctica.“From seeing the wildlife to witnessing sunrises, the whole experience was amazing.Antarctica left an impre ssion on me that no other place has,” Ginni says.“I remember the first time I saw a humpback whale; it just rose out of the water like some prehistoric creature and I thought it was smiling at us.You could still hear the operatic sounds it was making under water.”The realization that this is a precious land, to be respected by humans, was one of the biggest things that hit home to Ginni.28.Which of the following best explains “take the plunge” underlined in paragraph 2?A.Try challenging things.B.Take a degree.C.Bring back lost memories.D.Stick to a promise.28.【解析】选A。
高考英语阅读理解之猜测词义技巧
高考英语阅读理解之猜测词义技巧猜测词义是英语阅读理解的重要考点之一，近几年高考试题中都会有一个小题考查词义猜测。
词义猜测题可以针对单词、短语的意思进行命题考查，还可以针对某一句子的准确理解或代词的精确指代进行设题。
除了直接考查单词或短语词义猜测外，在阅读理解文章中，总会有一些单词或短语超出了新课标词汇表的范围，但又没有附加注释，而需要考生猜测，这也是对词义猜测的一种间接考查。
下面让我们一起看看如何突破此类题吧！1.利用释义法解题在说明文尤其是科技类说明文中，作者通常会对一些关键词或专业术语进行解释。
常见的有对该词下定义或后跟同位语、定语从句、冒号、破折号、括号等引出解释说明部分。
通过阅读定义或解释部分，读者便可理解该词或短语的意思。
【考例1】（2022年全国乙卷，C篇）29. What does “maintenance” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to?A. Personnel safety.B. Assistance from drones.C. inspection and repair.D. Construction of infrastructure.解析：原文：That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews’ efforts.“including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure”对“maintenance”进行了解释，故推测maintenance是“维护，保养”的意思，C项inspection and repair与句中的inspect and repair对应。
超实用高考英语复习：阅读理解微技能之词义猜测(原题版)
阅读理解微技能之词义猜测题距离高考还有一段时间，不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生，愈是临近高考，能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节，态度是否主动积极，安排是否科学合理，能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战，其效果往往大不一样。
以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料，希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率，希望对你有所帮助，有志者事竟成！养成良好的答题习惯，是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前，要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项，并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时，切忌跟着感觉走，最好按照题目序号来做，不会的或存在疑问的，要做好标记，要善于发现，找到题目的题眼所在，规范答题，书写工整;答题完毕时，要认真检查，查漏补缺，纠正错误。
总之，在最后的复习阶段，学生们不要加大练习量。
在这个时候，学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式，最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。
英语最后的复习要树立信心，考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”，遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。
越到最后，考生越要回归基础，单词最好再梳理一遍，这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。
另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。
【思维导图】【词义猜测题微技能】1．单词或短语意义猜测词汇量小是制约学生阅读理解能力的一个重要因素。
具体技巧如下：(1)根据定义或上下文解释进行猜测。
有时短文中出现一个需要猜测其意义的词或短语，下面接着出现其定义或解释，这就是判断该词或短语意义的主要依据。
(2)根据同位关系进行猜测。
阅读中出现的难词有时后面紧跟一个同位语，对前面的词进行解释，这时可利用同位关系对前面或后面的词义或短语意义进行猜测。
(3)根据同义关系进行猜测。
当词或短语之间有并列连词and 或or时，其连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的或相反的，由此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域，进而可推知其大致意思。
(4)根据构词法(合成、派生、转化等)进行猜测。
在英语中，有很多词可以在前面加前缀或在后面加后缀，从而构成另外一个词，乍看起来，这个词可能是新词，但掌握一定的构词知识，就不难猜出它的词义了。
猜测词义
专题三 阅读理解
锁定高考考点
演练命题热点
课时高效作业
4 仔细斟酌上下文 逻辑常识猜词义
二轮英语 新课标
专题三 阅读理解
锁定高考考点
演练命题热点
课时高效作业
锁定高考考点
二轮英语 新课标
专题三 阅读理解
锁定高考考点
演练命题热点
课时高效作业
命题角度1：词义猜测 (2014·新课标卷Ⅰ，B)
二轮英语 新课标
专题三 阅读理解
锁定高考考点
演练命题热点
课时高效作业
By the closing decades of the 19th century，the hardwood forests where passenger pigeons nested had been damaged by Americans’ need for wood，which scattered (驱散) the flocks and forced the birds to go farther north，where cold temperatures and spring storms contributed to their decline.Soon the great flocks were gone，never to be seen again.
答案： D
二轮英语 新课标
专题三 阅读理解
锁定高考考点
演练命题热点
课时高效作业
2．The underlined word “undoing” probably refers to the
pigeons________.
A．escape
B．ruin
C．liberation
九年级英语阅读理解词义猜测题单选题40题
九年级英语阅读理解词义猜测题单选题40题1. In the story, the word "mysterious" probably means _____.A. strangeB. beautifulC. commonD. friendly答案：A。
解析：在这个故事中，“mysterious”常用来形容某种令人感到奇怪、难以理解的情况或事物。
A 选项“strange”有“奇怪的”意思，与“mysterious”意思相近；B 选项“beautiful”意为“美丽的”，与“mysterious”含义不同；C 选项“common”表示“常见的”，与“mysterious”相反；D 选项“friendly”是“友好的”，不符合“mysterious”的含义。
2. The word "adventure" in the text might refer to _____.A. a dangerous tripB. a happy partyC. a quiet restD. a boring day答案：A。
解析：在这篇文章中，“adventure”通常指充满刺激和不确定性的经历，A 选项“a dangerous trip”即“危险的旅行”，符合“adventure”的含义；B 选项“a happy party”是“快乐的聚会”，与冒险无关；C 选项“a quiet rest”是“安静的休息”，不是冒险；D 选项“a boring day”是“无聊的一天”，也不是冒险。
3. In the passage, the word "courage" could mean _____.A. fearB. braveryC. sadnessD. anger答案：B。
解析：在这段文字中，“courage”通常表示勇敢面对困难或危险的精神，B 选项“bravery”就是“勇敢”的意思，与“courage”意思相符；A 选项“fear”是“害怕”，与“courage”相反；C 选项“sadness”是“悲伤”，与“courage”无关；D 选项“anger”是“愤怒”，与“courage”不同。
中考英语阅读理解词义猜测上下文线索单选题40题
中考英语阅读理解词义猜测上下文线索单选题40题1.In the story, the word "gloomy" most probably means _.A.happyB.sadC.angryD.excited答案：B。
解析：在故事中，如果看到描述的场景比较沉闷、氛围不好等，通常可以推断“gloomy”是悲伤、沉闷的意思。
选项A“happy”是开心，与“gloomy”意思完全相反；选项C“angry”是生气，与“gloomy”的意思不同；选项D“excited”是兴奋，也不符合“gloomy”的含义。
2.The word "furious" in the passage could be replaced by _.A.calmB.angryC.happyD.surprised答案：B。
解析：从文章中可以看出有一些让人生气的事情发生，所以“furious”最可能是生气的意思。
选项A“calm”是平静，与“furious”完全相反；选项C“happy”是开心，与“furious”意思不同；选项D“surprised”是惊讶，不符合“furious”的含义。
3.The word "cheerful" in the text is closest in meaning to _.A.sadB.angryC.happyD.tired答案：C。
解析：“cheerful”通常表示愉快、高兴的状态。
选项A“sad”是悲伤，与“cheerful”相反；选项B“angry”是生气，与“cheerful”不同；选项D“tired”是疲惫，与“cheerful”意思不相关。
4.The word "miserable" in the story means _.A.happyB.sadC.angryD.excited答案：B。
解析：从故事的描述中可以感受到不好的氛围，“miserable”通常表示痛苦、悲惨、难过，所以是悲伤的意思。
英语词义猜测八法
英语词义猜测八法猜测生词词义是高考英语阅读理解中的一个重要考点，要想做好阅读理解猜测词义题，就必须要掌握一些猜词方法，具备一定的猜词能力。
下面以2005年高考试题为例，介绍几种行之有效的猜测生词词义的方法。
一、同义解释法同义解释形式多样，有的利用or, that is (to say), in other words, namely等进行解释，有的利用破折号，同位语（从句），定语从句或同义词、近义词等进行解释。
例如：1. （湖北，A篇）A territory is an area that an animal, usually the male, claims as its own.由定义可知territory的意思是“领域”、“领土”。
2. （江苏，E篇）The web of our life is of a min-gled yarn (纱线), good and ill together.根据其后的同位语good and ill together可判断，mingled的意思是mixed。
3. （北京，C篇）This results in unusual and self- destructive behavior called zoochosis.既然不正常的、自我毁灭的行为叫做zoochosis，那么可推断zoochosis的意思为：“行为古怪”。
二、前后对比法有时作者对文章中的生词给出了一定的对比背景，以反义或对照方式出现。
例如：1. （广东，C篇）Waves are one of nature’s ways of picking up energy and then sending it off on a journey.下文的sending off应与picking up意思相反，所以picking up应为collecting（聚积）。
2. （重庆，D篇）It is true that lighthouses were built in out-of-the-way places. But on a pleasant sunny su mmer day, this very isolation has a natural beauty that many people will love to experienc e.根据But 后的内容可知，out-of-the-way与isola-tion意义相近，所以其义为faraway 或isolated。
高考英语阅读理解-词义推测题
高考阅读理解词义推测题专项词义猜测题是利用语境（上下文）推测、判断某些生词词义的题。
常见的考题形式有：1.The word“….”refers to/probably means…..2.The underlined word could be replaced by….3.Which of the following words can take the place of “…..”?4.What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph5 refer to?5.What does the underlined word “disheveled” mean?实战演练A（全国II）Thousands of people living in the Chinese capital will celebrate the start of the Chinese New year by heading for the ski resorts (滑雪场). Never mind that Beijing's dry weather seldom produces snow. It is cold enough in winter for snow-making machines to make a covering for the hills north to the capital. And the rapid growth of a pleasure-seeking middle class has formed the basis for this new craze(热潮）.Since Beijing's first ski resort was opened ten years ago, the sport has enjoyed astonishing increase. There are now more than a dozen resorts. Clothes markets in the city have added bright colored ski suits to their winter collections. Mr. Wei, a manager of a newly-opened ski resort in Beijing, sees the growth of an industry that could soon lead Chinese to head for the ski resorts of Europe, In recent years ski resorts offering natural snow have opened in China. But many are in faraway areas of the country and can't really match the equipment and services of some ski resorts in Europe.Beijing's skiing craze is partly a result of the recent increase in private (私有的) cars. This has led to the growth of a Leisure industry in the capital's suburbs (郊区), which until the late-1990s were unreachable to ordinary people, According to Mr. Wei, about 40% of the visitors to his resort come in their own cars. The rest are bused in by schools, businesses or government Offices.The problem is making money. Starting ski resorts requires quite a lot of money; hiring land from the local government, preparing the hills, buying snow machines, making sure there are enough water and electricity to run them, and buying ski equipment for hiring out to customers.The ski resort where Mr. Wei works cost nearly $4m to set up. And. as so often in China when someone comes up with a good idea, many others rush in and price wars break out. Beijing now offers some of the cheapest ski training classes in the world, though with most people rather new to the sport, expecting a few more doing the same job.1. What does this text mainly talk about?A. Convenience for skiers brought about by private cars.B. Skiing as a new way of enjoying one's spare time.C. Things to be considered when starting a ski resort.D. A sudden increase of ski training classes in Beijing.2. Why are some Chinese likely to go skiing in Europe?A. To visit more ski areas.B. To ski on natural snow.C. For a large collection of ski suits.D. For better services and equipment.3. The underlined words "leisure industry" in Paragraph 3 refer to__________.A. transport to ski resortsB. production of family carsC. business of providing spare time enjoymentsD part-time work for people living in the suburbs4. What is the main problem in running a ski resort?A. Difficulty in hiring land.B. Lack of business experience.C. Price wars with other ski resorts,D. Shortage of water and electricityB(北京)The Cost of Higher EducationIndividuals (个人) should pay for their higher education.A university education is of huge and direct benefit to the individual. Graduatesearn more than non-graduates. Meanwhile, social mobility is ever more dependent on having a degree. However, only some people have it. So the individual, not the taxpayers, should pay for it. There are pressing calls on the resources (资源) of government. Using taxpayers’ money to help a small number of people to earn high incomes in the future is not one of them.Full government funding (资助) is not very good for universities. Adam Smith worked in a Scottish university whose teachers lived off student fees. He knew and looked down upon 18th-century Oxford, where the academics lived comfortably off the income received from the government. Guaranteed salaries, Smith argued, were the enemy of hard work; and when the academics were lazy and incompetent, the students were similarly lazy.If students have to pay for their education, they not only work harder, but also demand more from their teachers. And there teachers have to keep them satisfied. If that means taking teaching seriously, and giving less time to their own research interests, that is surely something to celebrate.Many people believe that higher education should be free because it is good for the economy (经济). Many graduates clearly do contribute to national wealth, but so do all the businesses that invest (投资) and create jobs. If you believe that the government should pay for higher education because graduates are economically productive, you should also believe that the government should pay part of business costs. Anyone promising to create jobs should receive a gift of capital from the government to invest.Therefore, it is the individual, not the government, who should pay for their university education.1. The underlined word “them” in Paragraph 2 refers to __________.A. taxpayersB. pressing callsC. college graduatesD. government resources2. The author thinks that with full government funding __________.A. teachers are less satisfiedB. students are more demandingC. students will become more competentD. teachers will spend less time on teaching3. The author mentions businesses in Paragraph 5 in order to __________.A. argue against free university educationB. call on them to finance students’ studiesC. encourage graduates to go into businessD. show their contribution to higher educationC（天津）Why play games? Because they are fun, and a 1ot more besides. Following the rules…planning your next move...acting as a team member…these are all “game” ideas that you will come across throughout your life.Think about some off the games you played as a young child, such as rope-jumping and hide-and-seek. Such games are entertaining and fun. But perhaps more importantly, they translate life into exciting dramas that teach children some of the basic rules they will be expected to follow the rest of their lives, such as taking turns and cooperating (合作) .Many children’s games have a practical side Children around the world play games that prepare them for work they will do as grown-ups. For instance, some Saudi Arabian children play a game called bones. Which sharpens the hand-eye coordination（协调）needed in hunting.Many sports encourage national or local pride. The most famous games of all, the Olympic Games, bring athletes from around the world together to take part in friendly competition. People who watch the event wave flags, knowing that a gold medal is a win for an entire country, not just the athlete who earned it. For countries experiencing natural disasters or war, an Olympic win can mean so much.Sports are also an event that unites people. Soccer is the most popular sport in the world. People on all continents play it—some for fun and some for a living. Nicolette Iribarne, a Californian soccer player, has discovered a way to spread hope through soccer. He created a foundation to provide poor children with not only soccerballs but also a promising future.Next time you play your favorite game or sport, think about why you enjoy it, what skills are needed, and whether these skills will help you in other aspects of your life.1. Through playing hide-and-seek, children are expected to learn to ________.A. be a team leaderB. obey the basic rulesC. act as a grown-upD. predict possible danger2. The underlined part in Paragraph 2 most probably means that games can________.A. describe life in an exciting wayB. turn real-life experiences into a playC. make learning life skills more interestingD. change people’s views of sporting event s3. According to the passage, why is winning Olympic medals so encouraging?A. It inspires people’s deep love for the country.B. It proves the exceptional skills of the winners.C. It helps the country out of natural disasters.D. It earns the winners fame and fortune.4. Iribarne’s goal of forming the foundation is to _______.A. bring fun to poor kidsB. provide soccer balls for childrenC. give poor kids a chance for a better lifeD. appeal to soccer players to help poor kids5．What can be inferred from the passage?A. Games benefit people all their lives.B. Sports can get all athletes together.C. People are advised to play games for fun.D. Sports increase a country’s competitiveness.D(重庆)One morning more than thirty years ago. I entered the Track Kitchen, a restaurant where everyone from the humblest (卑微的) to the most powerful came for breakfast. I noticed and empty chair next to an elderly. Unshaven man, who looked somewhat disheveled. He was wearing a worn-out hat and was alone; I asked if I might join him. He agreed quietly and I sat down to have my breakfast.We cautiously began a conversation and spoke about a wide range of things. We never introduced ourselves. I was concerned that he might are no money and not be able to afford something to eat. So as I rose to go back to the counter and buy a second cup of coffee, I asked.“May I get you something?”“A coffee would he nice.”Then I bought him a cup of coffee. We talked more, and he accepted another cup of coffee. Finally, I rose to leave, wished him well, and headed for the exit. At the door I met one of my friends. He asked.“How did you get to know Mr. Galbreath?”“Who?”“The man you were sitting with. He is chairman of the Board of Churchill Downs. ”I could hardly believe it. I was buying, offering a free breakfast, and feeling pity for one of the world’s richest and most powerful men ! ”My few minutes with Mr. Galbreath changed my life. Now I try to treat everyone with respect, no matter who I think they are, and to meet another human being with kindness and sincerely.1. What does the underlined word “disheveled” mean?A. UnfriendlyB. untidyC. GentleD. kind2. The author bought coffee for the old man because ______.A. he thought the old man was poorB. he wanted to start a conversationC. he intended to how his politenessD. he would like to thank the old man3. How did the author probablyy feel after he talked with his friend?A. ProudB. PitifulC. SurpriseD. Regretful4. What is the message mainly expressed in the story?A. We should learn to be generousB. It is honorable to help those in need.C. People in high position are not like what we expectD. We should avoid judging people by their appearances.E(课标全国卷)There were smiling children all the way. Clearly they knew at what time the train passed their homes and they made it their business to stand along the railway, wave to complete strangers and cheer them up as they rushed towards Penang. Often whole families stood outside their homes and waved and smiled as if those on the trains were their favorite relatives. This is the simple village people of Malaysia. I was moved.I had always traveled to Malaysia by plane or car, so this was the first time I was on a train. I did not particularly relish the long train journey and had brought along a dozen magazines to read and reread. I looked about the train. There was not one familiar face. I sighed and sat down to read my Economics.It was not long before the train was across the Causeway and in Malaysia. Johore Baru was just another city like Singapore, so I was tired of looking at the crowds of people as they hurried past. As we went beyond the city, I watched the straight rows of rubber trees and miles and miles of green. Then the first village came into sight. Immediately I came alive; I decided to wave back.From then on my journey became interesting. I threw my magazines into the waste basket and decided to join in Malaysian life. Then everything came alive. The mountains seemed to speak to me. Even the trees were smiling. I stared at everything as if I was looking at it for the first time.The day passed fast and I even forgot to have my lunch until I felt hungry. I looked at my watch and was surprised that it was 3:00 pm. Soon the train pulled up atButterworth. I looked at the people all around me. They all looked beautiful. When my uncle arrived with a smile, I threw my arms around him to give him a warm hug (拥抱). I had never done this before. He seemed surprised and then his weather-beaten face warmed up with a huge smile. We walked arm in arm to his car.I looked forward to the return journey.1. The author expected the train trip to be________ .A. adventurousB. pleasantC. excitingD. dull2. What did the author remember most fondly of her train trip?A. The friendly country people.B. The mountains along the way.C. The crowds of people in the streets.D. The simple lunch served on the train.3. Which of the following words can best take the place of the word "relish" in the second paragraph?A. chooseB. enjoyC. prepare forD. carry on4. Where was the writer going?A. Johore BaruB. The Causeway.C. ButterworthD. Singapore5. What can we learn from the story?A. Comfort in traveling by train.B. Pleasure of living in the country.C. Reading gives people delight.D. Smiles brighten people up.。
高考英语阅读理解中的词义猜测方法
高考英语阅读理解中的词义猜测方法〔关键词〕英语；阅读；词义；猜测1. 根据文中的解释或定义猜测生词的含义以生词的解释或定义为线索猜测词义是进行快速阅读最常见的一种办法。
如果在文章中出现比较生僻的词时，文中又能找出类似to be defined as，to be called，that is to say，to mean，to refer to，to be known as等对生词作出解释的语境线索，就可以领悟出该词的意思。
如：Pantomime refersto ashort play in which no words arespoken．此例中refers to 具有解释功能，再加上in which引导的定语从句提供的信息，pantomime的意思就很清楚了，意为“哑剧”。
2. 根据生活常识或经验猜测生词的含义在阅读的过程中如碰到生词，学生可以根据自身的经验或常识将其猜测出来。
如：Most of the flowers are beginning to wither because of the cold and dry weather．此句中wither为生词，但根据生活常识，由“由于寒冷和干燥的天气”可推测出多数花儿开始“凋谢、枯萎”。
3. 根据同义词或近义词猜测生词的含义通常情况下作者为了更清楚地表达自己的意思，往往用一个同义词或近义词解释另一个比较难的词，这些同义或近义词为学生推断词义提供了明显的线索。
or，like，as…as，the same as，similarly等都可作为引出同义词的标志性词语。
如：Mr Smith loves to talk，and his wife is similarly loquacious．很显然由similarly这个语境线索，可推测出loquacious意为love to talk．4. 根据反义词或转折关系来猜测生词的含义有时作者会用一些反义词来揭示事物的不同点，这些反义词无疑为学生猜测词义提供了非常好的线索。