软件工程论文摘要-英文版
对软件工程的认识英语作文
对软件工程的认识英语作文In the modern era, software engineering stands as a cornerstone of technological advancement, shaping the way we interact with the digital world. This essay aims to delveinto the essence of software engineering, its significance, and its impact on society.The Nature of Software EngineeringSoftware engineering is an academic discipline that combines engineering principles with computer science to design, develop, and maintain software systems. It is not merely about writing code but also about employing systematic, disciplined, and quantifiable approaches to ensure the production of high-quality software.Importance in the Digital AgeThe importance of software engineering is underscored by its role in creating applications that are integral to our daily lives, from communication and entertainment to complex systems like banking, healthcare, and space exploration. As technology evolves, the demand for skilled software engineers grows, highlighting the discipline's relevance.Key Principles and PracticesAt the heart of software engineering are principles such asabstraction, modularity, and generalization. Practitioners must also adhere to practices like requirements analysis, system design, coding, testing, and maintenance. The use of version control systems, continuous integration, and agile methodologies are also critical for managing complex software projects.Challenges and SolutionsSoftware engineering faces challenges such as managing complexity, ensuring security, and dealing with changing requirements. Solutions often involve adopting scalable architectures, employing rigorous testing protocols, and using development frameworks that facilitate rapid iteration and deployment.Impact on the Economy and SocietyThe impact of software engineering extends beyond the creation of software. It drives economic growth by enabling new business models and enhancing productivity. It also has profound societal implications, from facilitating remote work to enabling access to education and healthcare services.Future ProspectsLooking ahead, software engineering is expected to continue its trajectory of growth and innovation. Emerging technologies like artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things (IoT), and quantum computing will likely present new challenges and opportunities for software engineers.ConclusionIn conclusion, software engineering is a dynamic andessential field that underpins the technological infrastructure of our society. It requires a blend of technical expertise, creativity, and a commitment to quality and ethical considerations. As we continue to rely on software for nearly every aspect of life, the role of software engineers becomes more pivotal, making the study and practice of software engineering more important than ever.。
软件工程毕业论文文献翻译中英文对照
软件工程毕业论文文献翻译中英文对照学生毕业设计(论文)外文译文学生姓名: 学号专业名称:软件工程译文标题(中英文):Qt Creator白皮书(Qt Creator Whitepaper)译文出处:Qt network 指导教师审阅签名: 外文译文正文:Qt Creator白皮书Qt Creator是一个完整的集成开发环境(IDE)，用于创建Qt应用程序框架的应用。
Qt是专为应用程序和用户界面，一次开发和部署跨多个桌面和移动操作系统。
本文提供了一个推出的Qt Creator和提供Qt开发人员在应用开发生命周期的特点。
Qt Creator的简介Qt Creator的主要优点之一是它允许一个开发团队共享一个项目不同的开发平台(微软Windows?的Mac OS X?和Linux?)共同为开发和调试工具。
Qt Creator的主要目标是满足Qt开发人员正在寻找简单，易用性，生产力，可扩展性和开放的发展需要，而旨在降低进入新来乍到Qt的屏障。
Qt Creator 的主要功能，让开发商完成以下任务: , 快速，轻松地开始使用Qt应用开发项目向导，快速访问最近的项目和会议。
, 设计Qt物件为基础的应用与集成的编辑器的用户界面，Qt Designer中。
, 开发与应用的先进的C + +代码编辑器，提供新的强大的功能完成的代码片段，重构代码，查看文件的轮廓(即，象征着一个文件层次)。
, 建立，运行和部署Qt项目，目标多个桌面和移动平台，如微软Windows，Mac OS X中，Linux的，诺基亚的MeeGo，和Maemo。
, GNU和CDB使用Qt类结构的认识，增加了图形用户界面的调试器的调试。
, 使用代码分析工具，以检查你的应用程序中的内存管理问题。
, 应用程序部署到移动设备的MeeGo，为Symbian和Maemo设备创建应用程序安装包，可以在Ovi商店和其他渠道发布的。
, 轻松地访问信息集成的上下文敏感的Qt帮助系统。
小学生英语作文关于软件工程
探索软件工程的奇妙世界In the modern world, technology is advancing at a rapid pace, and software engineering is at the forefront of this revolution. As young learners, it's fascinating to imagine the possibilities that software engineering unlocks, from creating games we love to building apps that make our lives easier. Let's explore the wonderful world of software engineering together.What is software engineering? Simply put, it's the art and science of creating computer programs and applications. It involves understanding the fundamentals of programming languages, designing user-friendly interfaces, and ensuring that software runs smoothly without any glitches. Software engineers are the wizards behind the scenes, who bring our digital dreams to life.To be a software engineer, one needs to possess a range of skills. Coding is crucial, as it's the language that computers understand. But beyond coding, problem-solving abilities are paramount. Software engineers must be able to think critically and creatively to identify and fix issues in complex systems. Teamwork and communication skills arealso essential, as software development often involves collaborating with other professionals.The field of software engineering is vast and diverse. There are various programming languages to choose from, each with its own strengths and applications. Python, Java, and C++ are just a few examples. Each language has its unique syntax and uses, making it suitable for different types of software development projects.Software engineers work in a variety of settings, from startups to large corporations. They might specialize in areas like web development, mobile app development, or game design. The opportunities are endless, and the field is constantly evolving.As a young student interested in software engineering, there are plenty of resources available to get started. Online courses and tutorials can introduce you to the basics of programming. Participating in hackathons and coding competitions can help you hone your skills and network with other enthusiasts. And don't forget about the fun part! Playing around with different programminglanguages and creating small projects can be a rewarding experience.The future of software engineering is exciting. Withthe advent of new technologies like artificial intelligence and the internet of things, the possibilities are endless. Software engineers will play a crucial role in shaping the way we interact with technology in the future.In conclusion, software engineering is a fascinating field that offers boundless opportunities for creativityand innovation. As young learners, we can explore the wonders of this field and prepare ourselves to become the next generation of software engineers. With hard work and dedication, we can bring our digital dreams to life and make a positive impact on the world.**软件工程的奇妙世界**在现代社会，科技以前所未有的速度发展，而软件工程正是这场革命的前沿。
软件工程(外文翻译文献)
外文文献资料1、Software EngineeringSoftware is the sequences of instructions in one or more programming languages that comprise a computer application to automate some business function. Engineering is the use of tools and techniques in problem solving. Putting the two words together, software engineering is the systemtic application of tools and techniques in the development of computer-based applications.The software engineering process describes the steps it takes to deelop the system. We begin a development project with the notion that there is a problem to be solved via automation. The process is how you get from problem recognition to a working solution. A quality process is desirable because it is more likely to lead to a quality product. The process followed by a project team during the development life cycle of an application should be orderly, goal-oriented, enjoyable, and a learning experience.Object-oriented methodology is an approach to system lifecycle development that takes a top-down view of data objects, their allowable actions, and the underlying communication requirement to define a system architecture. The data and action components are encapsulated, t hat is , they are combined together, to form abstract data types Encapsulation means that if I know what data I want ,I also know the allowable processes against that data. Data are designed as lattice hierarchies of relationships to ensure that top-down, hierarchic inheritance and side ways relationships are accommodated. Encapsulated objects are constrained only to communicate via messages. At a minimum, messages indicate the receiver and action requested. Messages may be more elaborate, including the sender and data to be acted upon.That we try to apply engineering discipline to software development does not mean that we have all the answers about how to build applications. On the contrary,we still build systems that are not useful and thus are not used. Part of the reason for continuing problems in application development, is that we are constantly trying to hita moving target. Both the technology and the type of applications needed by businesses are constantly changing and becoming more complex. Our ability todevelop and disseminate knowledge about how to successfully build systems for new technologies and new application types seriously lags behind technological andbusiness changes.Another reason for continuing problems in application development is that wefromaren’t always free to do what we like and it is hard to change habits and culturesthe old way of doing things, as well as get users to agree with a new sequence o fevents or an unfamiliar format for documentation.You might ask then, if many organizations don’t use good software engineering practices, why should I bother learning them? There are two good answers to thisquestion. First, if you never know the right thing to do, you have no chance of everusing it. Second, organizations will frequently accept evolutionary, small steps ofchange instead of revolutionary, massive change. You can learn individual techniquesthat can be applied without complete devotion to one way of developing systems. Inthis way, software engineering can speed changee in their organizations by demonstrating how the tools and techniques enhance t h quality of both the productand the process of building a system.2、Data Base System1、IntroductionThe development of corporate databases w ill be one of the most importantdata-processing activities for the rest of the 1970s. Date will be increasingly regardedas a vital corporate resource, which must be organized so as to maximize their value.In addition to the databases within an organization, a vast new demand is growing fordatabase services, which will collect, organize, and sell data.The files of data which computers can use are growing at a staggering rate. Thegrowth rate in the size of computer storage is greater than the growth in the size orpower of any other component in the exploding data processing industry. The moredata the computers have access to, the greater is their potential power. In all walks oflife and in all areas of industry, data banks will change the areas of what it is possiblefor man to do. In the end of this century, historians will look back to the coming of computer data banks and their associated facilities as a step which changed the nature of the evolution of society, perhaps eventually having a greater effect on the human condition than even the invention of the printing press.Some most impressive corporate growth stories of the generation are largely attributable to the explosive growth in the need of information.The vast majority of this information is not yet computerized. However, the costof data storage hardware is dropping more rapidly than other costs in data processing. It will become cheaper to store data on computer files than to store them on paper. Not only printed information will be stored. The computer industry is improving its capability to store line drawing, data in facsimile form, photo-graphs, human speech, etc. In fact, any form of information other than the most intimate communications between humans can be transmitted and stored digitally.There are two main technology developments likely to become available in the near future. First, there are electromagnetic devices that will hold much more data than disks but have much longer access time. Second, there are solid-state technologies that will give microsecond access t ime but capacities are smaller than disks.Disks themselves may be increased in capacity somewhat. For the longer term future there are a number of new technologies which are currently working in research labs which may replace disks and may provide very large microsecond-access-time d evices. A steady stream of new storage devices is thus likely to reach the marketplace over the next 5 years, rapidly lowering the cost of storing data.Given the available technologies, it is likely that on-line data bases will use twoor three levels of storage. One solid-state with microsecond access time, one electromagnetic with access time of a fraction of a second. If two ,three ,or four levels of storage are used, physical storage organization will become more complex ,probably with paging mechanisms to move data between the levels; solid-state storage offers the possibility of parallel search operation and associativememory.Both the quantity of data stored and the complexity of their organization are going up by leaps and bounds. The first trillion bit on-line stores are now in use . in a time ,stores of this size may be common.few year’ｓA particularly important consideration in data base design is to store the data so that the can be used for a wide variety of applications and so that the way they can be changed quickly and easily. On computer installation prior to the data base era it has been remarkably difficult to change the way data are used. Different programmers view the data in different ways and constantly want to modify them as new needs arise modification , however ,can set off a chain reaction of changes to existing programs and hence can be exceedingly expensive to accomplish .Consequently , data processing has tended to become frozen into its old data structures .To achieve flexibility of data usage that is essential in most commercial situations . Two aspects of data base design are important. First, it should be possible to interrogate and search the data base without the lengthy operation of writing programs in conventional programming languages. Second ,the data should be independent of the programs which use them so that they can be added to or restructured without the programs being changed .The work of designing a data base is becoming increasing difficult , especially if it is to perform in an optimal fashion . There are many different ways in which data can be structured ,and they have different types of data need to be organized in different ways. Different data have different characteristics , which ought to effect the data organization ,and different users have fundamentally different requirements. So we need a kind of data base management system(DBMS)to manage data.Data base design using the entity-relationship model begins with a list of the entity types involved and the relationships among them. The philosophy of assuming that the designer knows what the entity types are at the outset is significantly different from the philosophy behind the normalization-based approach.The entity-relationship(E-R)approach uses entity-relationship diagrams. The E-Rapproach requires several steps to produre a structure that is acceptable by the particular DBMS. These steps are:(1) Data analysis(2) Producing and optimizing the entity model.(3) Logical schema development(4) Physical data base design process.Developing a data base structure from user requirements is called data bases design. Most practitioners agree that there are two separate p hases t o the data base design process. The design of a logical database structure that is processable by theview of data, and is the data base management s ystem(DBMS)describes the user’sselection of a physical structure such as the indexed sequential or direct access method of the intended DBMS.Current data base design technology shows many residual effects of its outgrowth from single-record file design methods. File design is primarily application program dependent since the data has been defined and structured in terms of individual applications to use them. The advent of DBMS revised the emphasis in data and program design approaches.There are many interlocking questions in the design of data-base s ystems and many types of technique that one can use is answer to the question so many; in fact, that one often sees valuable approaches being overlooked in the design and vital questions not being asked.There will soon be new storage devices, new software techniques, and new types of data bases. The details will change, but most of the principles will remain. Therefore, the reader should concentrate on the principles.2、Data base systemThe conception used for describing files and data bases has varied substantially in the same organization.A data base may be defined as a collection of interrelated data stored together with as little redundancy as possible to serve on or more applications in an optimal fashion; the data are stored so that they are independent of programs which use thedata; a common and controlled approach is used in adding new data and in modifying and retrieving existing data within the data base. One system is said to contain a collection of data bases if they are entirely separate in structure.A data base may be designed for batch processing, real-time processing, orin-line processing. A data base system involve application program, DBMS, and data base.One of the most important characteristics of most data bases i s that they will constantly need to change and grow. Easy restructuring of the data base must be possible as new data types and new applications are added. The restructuring should be possible without having to rewrite the application program and in general should cause as little upheaval as possible. The ease with which a data base can be changed will have a major effect on the rate at which data-processing a pplication can be developed in a corporation.The term data independence is often quoted as being one of the main attributes of a data base. It implies that the data and the application programs which use them are independent so that either may be changed without changing the other. When a single set of data items serves a variety of applications, different application programs perceive different relationships between the data items. To a large extent, data-base organization is concerned with the representation of relationship between data items and records as well as how and where the data are stored. A data base used for many applications can have multiple interconnections between the data item about which we may wish to record. It can describes the real world. The data item represents an attribute, and the attribute must be associated with the relevant entity. We design values to the attributes, one attribute has a special significance in that it identifies the entity.An attribute or set of attribute which the computer uses to identify a record or tuple is referred to as a key. The primary key is defined as that key used to uniquely identify one record or tuple. The primary key is of great importance because it is used by the computer in locating the record or tuple by means of an index or addressing algorithm.If the function of a data base were merely to store data, its organization would be simple. Most of the complexities arise from the fact that is must also show the relationships between the various items of data that are stored. It is different to describe the data in logical or physical.The logical data base description is referred to as a schema .A schema is a chart of the types of data that one used. It gives the names of the entities and attributes, and specifics the relations between them. It is a framework into which the values of the data-items can be fitted.We must distinguish between a record type and a instance of the record. Whenthis is really a record type. There are no data we talk about a ―personnel record‖,values associated with it.The term schema is used to mean an overall chart of all of the dataitem types and record types stored in a data he uses. Many different subschema can be derived from one schema.The schema and the subschema are both used by the data-base management system, the primary function of which is to serve the application programs by executing their data operations.A DBMS will usually be handing multiple data calls concurrently. It must organize its system buffers so that different data operations can be in process together. It provides a data definition language to specify the conceptual schema and most likely, some of the details regarding the implementation of the conceptual schema by the physical schema. The data definition language is a high-level language, enabling one to describe the conceptual schema in terms of a ―data model‖．The choice of a data model is a difficult one, since it must be rich enough in structure to describe significant aspects of the real world, yet it must be possible to determine fairly automatically an efficient implementation of the conceptual schemaby a physical schema. It should be emphasized that while a DBMS might be used to build small data bases, many data bases involve millions of bytes, and an inefficient implementation can be disastrous.We will discuss the data model in the following.3、Three Data ModelsLogical schemas are defined as data models with the underlying structure of particular database management systems superimposed on them. At the present time, there are three main underlying structures for database management systems. These are :RelationalHierarchicalNetworkThe hierarchical and network structures have been used for DBMS since the 1960s. The relational structure was introduced in the early 1970s.In the relational model, the entities and their relationships are represented b y two-dimensional tables. Every table represents an entity and is made up of rows and columns. Relationships between entities are represented by common columns containing identical values from a domain or range of possible values.The last user is presented with a simple data model. His and her request are formulated in terms of the information content and do not reflect any complexities due to system-oriented aspects. A relational data model is what the user sees, but it is not necessarily what will be implemented physically.The relational data model removes the details of storage structure and access strategy from the user interface. The model provides a relatively higher degree of data. To be able to make use of this property of the relational data model however, the design of the relations must be complete and accurate.Although some DBMS based on the relational data model are commercially available today, it is difficult to provide a complete set of operational capabilities with required efficiency on a large scale. It appears today that technological improvements in providing faster and more reliable hardware may answer the question positively.The hierarchical data model is based on a tree-like structure made up of nodes and branches. A node is a collection of data attributes describing the entity at that point.The highest node of the hierarchical tree structure is called a root. The nodes at succeeding lower levels are called children .A hierarchical data model always starts with a root node. Every node consists of one or more attributes describing the entity at that node. Dependent nodes can follow the succeeding levels. The node in the preceding level becomes the parent node of the new dependent nodes. A parent node can have one child node as a dependent or many children nodes. The major advantage of the hierarchical data model is the existence of proven database management systems that use the hierarchical data model as the basic structure. There is a reduction of data dependency but any child node is accessible only through its parent node, the many-to –many relationship can be implemented only in a clumsy way. This often results in a redundancy in stored data.The network data model interconnects the entities of an enterprise into a network. In the network data model a data base consists of a number of areas. An area contains records. In turn, a record may consist of fields. A set which is a grouping of records, may reside in an area or span a number of areas. A set type is based on the owner record type and the member record type. The many-to many relation-ship, which occurs quite frequently in real life can be implemented easily. The network data model is very complex, the application programmer must be familiar with the logical structure of the data base.4、Logical Design and Physical DesignLogical design of databases is mainly concerned with superimposing the constructs of the data base management system on the logical data model. There are three mainly models: hierarchical, relational, network we have mentioned above.The physical model is a framework of the database t o be stored on physical devices. The model must be constructed with every regard given to the performanceof the resulting database. One should carry out an analysis of the physical model with average frequencies of occurrences of the grou pings of the data elements, with expected space estimates, and with respect to time estimates for retrieving and maintaining the data.The database designer may find it necessary to have multiple entry points into a database, or to access a particular segment type with more than one key. To provide this type of access; it may be necessary to invert the segment on the keys. Thephysical designer must have expertise in knowledge of the DBMS functions and understanding of the characteristics of direct access d evices and knowledge of the applications.Many data bases have links between one record and another, called pointers. A pointer is a field in one record which indicates where a second record is located on the storage devices.Records that exist on storage devices is a given physical sequence. This sequencing may be employed for some purpose. The most common pupose is that records are needed in a given sequence by certain data-processing operations and so they are stored in that sequences.Different applications may need records in different sequences.The most common method of ordering records is to have them in sequence by a key—that key which is most commonly used for addressing them. An index is required to find any record without a lengthy search of the file.If the data records are laid out sequentially by key, the index for that key can be much smaller than they are nonsequential.Hashing has been used for addressing random-access s torages since they first came into existence in the mid-1950s. But nobody had the temerity to use the word hashing until 1968.Many systems analysis has avoided the use of hashing in the suspicion that it is complicated. In fact, it is simple to use and has two important advantages o ver indexing. First, it finds most records with only one seek and second, insertion and deletions can be handled without added complexity. Indexing, however, can be used with a file which is sequential by prime key and this is an overriding advantage, for some batch-pro-cessing applications.Many data-base systems use chains to interconnect records also. A chain refers to a group of records scatters within the files and interconnected by a sequence of pointers. The software that is used to retrive the chained records will make them appear to the application programmer as a contiguous logical file.The primary disadvantage o f chained records is that many read operations areneeded in order to follow lengthy chains. Sometimes this does not matter because the records have to be read anyway. In most search operations, however, the chains have to be followed through records which would not otherwise to read. In some file organizations the chains can be contained within blocked physical records so that excessive reads do not occur.Rings have been used in many file organizations. They are used to eliminate redundancy. When a ring or a chain is entered at a point some distance from its head, it may be desirable to obtain the information at the head quickly without stepping through all the intervening links.5、Data Description LanguagesIt is necessary for both the programmers and the data administrator to be able to describe their data precisely; they do so by means of data description languages. A data description language is the means of declaring to data-base management system what data structures will be used.A data description languages giving a logical data description should perform the folloeing functions:It should give a unique name to each data-item type, file type, data base and other data subdivision.It should identify the types of data subdivision such as data item segment , record and base file.It may define the type of encoding the program uses in the data items (binary , character ,bit string , etc.)It may define the length of the data items and the range of the values that a data item can assume .It may specify the sequence of records in a file or the sequence of groups of record in the data base .It may specify means of checking for errors in the data .It may specify privacy locks for preventing unauthorized reading or modificationof the data .These may operate at the data-item ,segment ,record, file or data-base level and if necessary may be extended to the contents(value) of individual data items .The authorization may , on the other hand, be separate d efined .It is more subject to change than the data structures, and changes in authorization proceduresshould not force changes in application programs.A logical data description should not specify addressing ,indexing ,or searching techniques or specify the placement of data on the storage units ,because these topics are in the domain of physical ,not logical organization .It may give an indication ofhow the data will be used or of searching requirement .So that the physical technique can be selected optimally but such indications should not be logically limiting.Most DBMS have their own languages for defining the schemas t hat are used . In most cases these data description languages are different to other programmer language, because other programmer do not have the capability to define to variety of relationship that may exit in the schemas.附录 B 外文译文1、软件工程软件是指令的序列，该指令序列由一种或多种程序语言编写，它能使计算机应用于某些事物的运用自动化。
软件工程本科毕业外文文献翻译资料
软件工程本科毕业外文文献翻译学校代码：10128本科毕业设计外文文献翻译二〇一五年一月The Test Library Management System ofFramework Based on SSHThe application system features in small or medium-sized enterprise lie in the greater flexibility and safety high performance-price ratio. Traditional J2EE framework can not adapt to these needs, but the system a pplication based on SSH(Struts+Spring+Hibernate) technology can better satisfy such needs. This paper analyses some integration theory and key technologies about SSH, and according to the integration constructs a lightweight WEB framework, which has integrated the three kinds of technology ,forming the lightweight WEB framework bas ed on SSH and gaining good effects in practical applications.IntroductionGenerally the J2EE platform[27] used in large enterprise applications, can well s olve the application of reliability, safety and stability, but its weakness is the price hig h and the constructing cycle is long. Corresponding to the small or medium enterprise applications, the replace approach is the system framework of lightweight WEB, inclu ding the more commonly used methods which are based on the Struts and Hibernate. With the wide application of Spring, the three technology combination may be a bette r choice as a lightweight WEB framework. It uses layered structure and provides a go od integrated framework for Web applications at all levels in minimizing the Interlaye r coupling and increasing the efficiency of development. This framework can solve a l ot of problems, with good maintainability and scalability. It can solve the separation o f user interface and business logic separation, the separation of business logic and data base operation and the correct procedure control logic, etc. This paper studies the tech nology and principle of Struts and Spring and Hibernate, presenting a proved lightwei ght WEB application framework for enterprise.Hierarchical Web MechanismHierarchical Web framework including the user presentation layer, business logi clayer, data persistence layer ,expansion layer etc, each layer for different function, re spectively to finish the whole application. The whole system are divided into differentlogic module with relatively independent and mutual, and each module can be imple mented according to different design. It can realize the system parallel development, r apid integration, good maintainability, scalability.Struts MVC FrameworkTo ensure the reuse and efficiency of development process, adopting J2EE techn ology to build the Web application must select a system framework which has a good performance . Only in this way can we ensure not wasting lots of time because of adju sting configuration and achieve application development efficiently and quickly. So, p rogrammers in the course of practice got some successful development pattern which proved practical, such as MVC and O/R mapping, etc; many technologies, including S truts and Hibernate frameworks, realized these pattern. However, Struts framework on ly settled the separation problem between view layer and business logic layer, control layer, did not provide a flexible support for complex data saving process. On the contr ary, Hibernate framework offered the powerful and flexible support for complex data saving process. Therefore, how to integrate two frameworks and get a flexible, low-coupling solutions project which is easy to maintain for information system, is a resea rch task which the engineering staff is studying constantly.Model-View-Controller (MVC) is a popular design pattern. It divides the interactive system in three components and each of them specializes in one task. The model contains the applica tion data and manages the core functionality. The visual display of the model and the f eedback to the users are managed by the view. The controller not only interprets the in puts from the user, but also dominates the model and the view to change appropriately . MVC separates the system functionality from the system interface so as to enhance t he system scalability and maintainability. Struts is a typical MVC frame[32], and it also contains the three aforementioned components. The model level is composed of J avaBean and EJB components. The controller is realized by action and ActionServlet, and the view layer consists of JSP files. The central controller controls the action exec ution that receives a request and redirects this request to the appropriate module contr oller. Subsequently, the module controller processes the request and returns results tothe central controller using a JavaBean object, which stores any object to be presented in the view layer by including an indication to module views that must be presented. The central controller redirects the returned JavaBean object to the main view that dis plays its information.Spring Framework technologySpring is a lightweight J2EE application development framework, which uses the model of Inversion of Control(IoC) to separate the actual application from the Config uration and dependent regulations of the application. Committed to J2EE application a t all levels of the solution, Spring is not attempting to replace the existing framework, but rather “welding” the object of J2EE application at all levels together through the P OJO management. In addition, developers are free to choose Spring framework for so me or all, since Spring modules are not totally dependent.As a major business-level detail, Spring employs the idea of delay injection to assemble code for the sake o f improving the scalability and flexibility of built systems. Thus, the systems achieve a centralized business processing and reduction of code reuse through the Spring AOP module.Hibernate Persistent FrameworkHibernate is a kind of open source framework with DAO design patterns to achie ve mapping(O/R Mapping) between object and relational database.During the Web system development, the tradition approach directly interacts wi th the database by JDBC .However, this method has not only heavy workload but also complex SQL codes of JDBC which need to revise because the business logic sli ghtly changes. So, whatever development or maintain system are inconvenient. Consi dering the large difference between the object-oriented relation of java and the structure of relational database, it is necessary to intro duce a direct mapping mechanism between the object and database, which this kind of mapping should use configuration files as soon as possibility, so that mapping files w ill need modifying rather than java source codes when the business logic changes in the future. Therefore, O/R mapping pattern emerges, which hibernate is one of the most outstanding realization of architecture.It encapsulates JDBC with lightweight , making Java programmer operate a relati onal database with the object oriented programming thinking. It is a a implementation technology in the lasting layer. Compared to other lasting layer technology such as JD BC, EJB, JDO, Hibernate is easy to grasp and more in line with the object-oriented programming thinking. Hibernate own a query language (HQL), which is full y object-oriented. The basic structure in its application as shown in figure6.1.Hibernate is a data persistence framework, and the core technology is the object / relational database mapping(ORM). Hibernate is generally considered as a bridge bet ween Java applications and the relational database, owing to providing durable data se rvices for applications and allowing developers to use an object-oriented approach to the management and manipulation of relational database. Further more, it furnishes an object-oriented query language-HQL.Responsible for the mapping between the major categories of Java and the relatio nal database, Hibernate is essentially a middle ware providing database services. It su pplies durable data services for applications by utilizing databases and several profiles , such as hibernate properties and XML Mapping etc..Web services technologiesThe introduction of annotations into Java EE 5 makes it simple to create sophisticated Web service endpoints and clients with less code and a shorter learning curve than was possible with earlier Java EE versions. Annotations — first introduced in Java SE 5 — are modifiers you can add to your code as metadata. They don't affect program semantics directly, but the compiler, development tools, and runtime libraries can process them to produce additional Java language source files, XML documents, or other artifacts and behavior that augment the code containing the annotations (see Resources). Later in the article, you'll see how you can easily turn a regular Java class into a Web service by adding simple annotations.Web application technologiesJava EE 5 welcomes two major pieces of front-end technology — JSF and JSTL — into the specification to join the existing JavaServer Pages and Servlet specifications. JSF is a set of APIs that enable a component-based approach to user-interface development. JSTL is a set of tag libraries that support embedding procedural logic, access to JavaBeans, SQL commands, localized formatting instructions, and XML processing in JSPs. The most recent releases of JSF, JSTL, and JSP support a unified expression language (EL) that allows these technologies to integrate more easily (see Resources).The cornerstone of Web services support in Java EE 5 is JAX-WS 2.0, which is a follow-on to JAX-RPC 1.1. Both of these technologies let you create RESTful and SOAP-based Web services without dealing directly with the tedium of XML processing and data binding inherent to Web services. Developers are free to continue using JAX-RPC (which is still required of Java EE 5 containers), but migrating to JAX-WS is strongly recommended. Newcomers to Java Web services might as well skip JAX-RPC and head right for JAX-WS. That said, it's good to know that both of them support SOAP 1.1 over HTTP 1.1 and so are fully compatible: a JAX-WS Web services client can access a JAX-RPC Web services endpoint, and vice versa.The advantages of JAX-WS over JAX-RPC are compelling. JAX-WS:•Supports the SOAP 1.2 standard (in addition to SOAP 1.1).•Supports XML over HTTP. You can bypass SOAP if you wish. (See the article "Use XML directly over HTTP for Web services (where appropriate)"for more information.)•Uses the Java Architecture for XML Binding (JAXB) for its data-mapping model. JAXB has complete support for XML schema and betterperformance (more on that in a moment).•Introduces a dynamic programming model for both server and client.The client model supports both a message-oriented and an asynchronous approach.•Supports Message Transmission Optimization Mechanism (MTOM), a W3C recommendation for optimizing the transmission and format of a SOAP message.•Upgrades Web services interoperability (WS-I) support. (It supports Basic Profile 1.1; JAX-WS supports only Basic Profile 1.0.)•Upgrades SOAP attachment support. (It uses the SOAP with Attachments API for Java [SAAJ] 1.3; JAX-WS supports only SAAJ 1.2.)•You can learn more about the differences by reading the article "JAX-RPC versus JAX-WS."The wsimport tool in JAX-WS automatically handles many of the mundane details of Web service development and integrates easily into a build processes in a cross-platform manner, freeing you to focus on the application logic that implements or uses a service. It generates artifacts such as services, service endpoint interfaces (SEIs), asynchronous response code, exceptions based on WSDL faults, and Java classes bound to schema types by JAXB.JAX-WS also enables high-performing Web services. See Resources for a link to an article ("Implementing High Performance Web Services Using JAX-WS 2.0") presenting a benchmark study of equivalent Web service implementations based on the new JAX-WS stack (which uses two other Web services features in Java EE 5 —JAXB and StAX) and a JAX-RPC stack available in J2EE 1.4. The study found 40% to 1000% performance increases with JAX-WS in various functional areas under different loads.ConclusionEach framework has its advantages and disadvantages .Lightweight J2EE struct ure integrates Struts and Hibernate and Spring technology, making full use the powerf ul data processing function of Struts and the management flexible of Spring and the m ature of Hibernate. According to the practice, putting forward an open-source solutions suitable for small or medium-sized enterprise application of. The application system based on this architecture tech nology development has interlayer loose coupling ,structure distinctly, short develop ment cycle, maintainability. In addition, combined with commercial project developm ent, the solution has achieved good effect. The lightweight framework makes the paral lel development and maintenance for commercial system convenience, and can push f orward become other industry business system development.Through research and practice, we can easily find that Struts / Spring / Hiberna te framework utilizes Struts maturity in the presentation layer, flexibility of Spring bu siness management and convenience of Hibernate in the serialization layer, three kind s of framework integrated into a whole so that the development and maintenance beca me more convenient and handy. This kind of approach also will play a key role if appl ying other business system. Of course ,how to optimize system performance, enhance the user's access speed, improve security ability of system framework ,all of these wor ks, are need to do for author in the further.基于SSH框架实现的试题库管理系统小型或者中型企业的应用系统具有非常好的灵活性、安全性以及高性价比，传统的J2EE架构满足不了这些需求，但是基于SSH框架实现的应用系统更好的满足了这样的需求，这篇文章分析了关于SSH的一体化理论和关键技术，通过这些集成形成了轻量级Web框架，在已经集成三种技术的基础上，伴随形成了基于SSH的轻量级Web 框架，并且在实际应用中有着重要作用。
软件工程论文摘要-英文版
Data integration and make it become the strategic decision news will be at technology trends after the post-ERP era of information. KDD Data Mining technology is the primary method in data analysis, the different characteristics will be analyzed between the ERP system and business intelligence BI system in this paper. the financial-cost analysis system KPI and material consumption analysis KPI will be developed by to using BI tools for implement base on the project of data integration of JinMaiLang drink company.For this project researched, more mainly to solve the relevant problems Of operation and management analysis KPI on the sales，financial，production and other departments. there is that data caliber not uniform, Workload arduous by hand-pooled for analysis, providing for report lag every end month,the decision information is not sensitive and low efficiency.this paper attempts through the development process to Illustrates principles and methods and technical characteristics base data integration on ERP system and provide an idea of data analysis development for data mining. But also to explore that business intelligence BI would be used in the enterprise.This paper mainly to studies and use the following methods:ing EPM tools, combing analysis KPI, to determine data source and data range through analyse the principle of the ERP system business2/ Use the UF NC5.6 system UAP development platform, development data interface to achieve the source data makeup. used EAI data integration tools to achieve DRP system and NC system based unification on data. 3/Build data warehouse,to finish data conversion through tools DI, complete data ETL process, to establish data warehouse DW and data memory area ODS.4/Combined carded business indicators, analyze data relationships of relational database of ERP system,to identify dimension table and fact table and calculation index.5/Using PowerDesigner data modeling to determine the logical relationships, and use of documents to illustrate for review.6/According to the needs of business indicators , to build display models through the OLAP tools for consumer.7/Using intelligent report development tool (web Intelligance) to complete report forms that user requirements.8/ Presentation layer optimization and single sign-on integration (SS0) Through above of the technology and method, the KPI of system for sales and finance and production would be showed automatic, real-time.So that the whole company reports statistical reporting period increased from No.8 per month to No.2 per month , data accuracy, traceability has been greatly improved.Through systems integration to solve the inter-islands of information between systems, so that basic data standard, uniform;Through data warehouse of analyzing were be established that business data and analysis data have been separated, so different object-oriented applications without disturbing each other, but also lay the foundation for the OLAP analysis capabilities for the future and to reduce data collection costs.In this thesis,to completed the data integration by implementation of the design and development , the overall description is based ERP system for business intelligence (BI) data integration,it's should include the analysis of business KPI were be combed, IT-based data integration framework, the source data discovery, data interface development, based on the business process for data relationships analysis, data warehouse modeling DW, ETL, OLAP analysis, data testing, data show and other key processes. it's a successful business intelligence analysis, is not simply a number tools of technical and methods were used, but also there's a set of business methods and the best practice.关键词：Data Mining KDD；Business Intelligence BI；Enterprise Resource Planning ERP；Enterprise Application Integration EAI；,Enterprise Performance Management EPM；On Line Analytical Processing OLAP；Data Warehouse DW；Data Test。
软件开发毕业设计—英文论文
Struts, an open-source MVC implementationIntroductionKids in grade school put HTML pages on the Internet. However, there is a monumental difference between a grade school page and a professionally developed Web site. The page designer (or HTML developer) must understand colors, the customer, product flow, page layout, browser compatibility, image creation, JavaScript, and more. Putting a great looking site together takes a lot of work, and most Java developers are more interested in creating a great looking object interface than a user interface. JavaServer Pages (JSP) technology provides the glue between the page designer and the Java developer.If you have worked on a large-scale Web application, you understand theterm change. Model-View-Controller (MVC) is a design pattern put together to help control change. MVC decouples interface from business logic and data. Struts is an MVC implementation that uses Servlets 2.2 and JSP 1.1 tags, from the J2EE specifications, as part of the implementation. You may never implement a system with Struts, but looking at Struts may give you some ideas on your future Servlets and JSP implementations.In this article, I will begin with a JSP file that uses elements you may be familiar with and discuss the pros and cons of such a page. I will then cover Struts and how it can control change in your Web project and promote specialization. Finally, I willre-develop the simple JSP file with the page designer and change in mind.A JSP file is a Java servletA JavaServer Page (JSP) file is nothing more than another way to view a servlet. The concept of a JSP file is to allow us to see a Java servlet as an HTML page. This view eliminates all of the ugly print() statements that normally show up in Java code. The JSP file is pre-processed into a .java file, then compiled into a .class. If you are using Tomcat, you can view your pre-processed.java files in the work directory. Other containers may store the .java and .class files elsewhere; the location is container specific. Figure 1 demonstrates the JSP file-to-servlet flow.Figure 1. JSP file-to-servlet flow(This is significantly different from a Microsoft Active Server Page (ASP). An ASP is compiled into memory, not into a separate file.)The simple self-contained JSP fileIn a small JSP application, it is common to see the data, business logic, and the user interface combined into one module of code. In addition, the application generally contains the logic that controls the flow of the application. Listing 1 and Figure 2 demonstrate a simple JSP file that allows a user to join a mailing list.Listing 1. join.jsp -- a simple request and response JSP file<%@ page language="java" %><%@ page import="business.util.Validation" %><%@ page import="business.db.MailingList" %><%String error = "";String email = request.getParameter("email");// do we have an email addressif( email!=null ) {// validate input...if( business.util.Validation.isValidEmail(email) ) {// store input...try {business.db.MailingList.AddEmail(email);} catch (Exception e) {error = "Error adding email address to system. " + e;}if( error.length()==0 ) {%>// redirect to welcome page...<jsp:forward page="welcome.html"/><%}} else {// set error message and redisplay pageerror = email + " is not a valid email address, please try again.";Figure 2. In a simple request and response, the JSP file sets the data, controls the flow to the next page, and creates the HTMLThe mailing list JSP file is a self-contained, do-it-all module. The only things not contained in the JSP file are the actual code for validation that is containedin isValidEmail() and the code that puts the e-mail address in the database. (Separating theisValidEmail() method into reusable code might seem like an obvious thing to do, but I have seen the code for isValidEmail()embedded directly into the page.) The advantage of the single-page approach is that it is easy to understand and initially easy to build. In addition, with all the graphical development tools, it is easy to get started.Activities of join.jsp1.Display opening input page.2.Read the email value from the form parameter.3.Validate the email address.4.If email address is valid:o Add the address to the database.o Redirect to the next page.5.If email address is invalid:o Set an error message.o Redisplay join.jsp with the error message.Consequences of the single-page approach∙Heavy HTML and Java couplingThe coder of the JSP file must be both a page designer and a Java developer.The result is often either terrible Java code or an ugly page, or sometimesboth.∙Java and JavaScript blurAs the pages become larger, there can be a tendency to implement someJavaScript. When the JavaScript appears in a page, the script can get confused with the Java code. An example of a possible point of confusion is usingclient-side JavaScript to validate the email field.∙Embedded flow logicTo understand the entire flow of the application, you have to navigate all ofthe pages. Imagine the spaghetti logic on a 100-page Web site.∙Debugging difficultiesIn addition to being ugly to look at, HTML tags, Java code, and JavaScript code all in one page makes it difficult to debug problems.∙Tight couplingChanges to business logic or data means possibly touching every pageinvolved.∙AestheticsVisually, in large pages, this type of coding looks messy. When I was doingMicrosoft ASP development, I would commonly see 1000-line pages. Evenwith syntax coloring, it was still difficult to read and understand.No more Java code in my HTML, pleaseIn Listing 1, instead of having a lot of HTML in Java code, I have a lot of Java code in an HTML file. From this standpoint, I really have not accomplished much, other than permit page designers to write Java code. However, all is not lost; with JSP 1.1, we got a new feature called tags.A JSP tag is simply a way of abstracting out code from a JSP file. Some people think of JSP tags as macros for JSP files, where the code for the tag is contained in the servlet. (The macro perspective is almost true.) For the same reason I do not want to see HTML tags in Java code, I do not want to see Java code in a JSP file. The entire point of JSP technology is to allow the page designer to create servlets without being distracted with Java code. Tags allow Java programmers to extend JSP files by making Java code look like HTML. Figure 3 displays the general concept of pulling the code from the JSP page and putting into a JSP tag.Figure 3. JSP tagAn example of Struts tag capability is in Listing 2. In Listing 2, the normalHTML <form> tag is replaced with the Struts <form:form>tag. Listing 3 shows the resulting HTML that the browser receives. The browser gets the HTML <form> tag, but with additional code, such as the JavaScript. The additional JavaScript sets the focus on the email address field. The server side <form:form>tag code created the appropriate HTML and abstracts the JavaScript away from the page designer.Notes about JSP tags:∙JSP tags require a container that runs JSP 1.1 or later.∙JSP tags run on the server and are not interpreted by the client like HTML tags are.∙JSP tags provide proper code re-use.∙HTML and JavaScript can be added to pages using a JSP mechanism called include. However, developers have a tendency to create hugeJavaScript library files, and these libraries are included into the JSP file. Theresult is a much larger than necessary HTML page returned to the client. Theproper use of include is for HTML snippets for such things as page headersand footers.∙By abstracting out the Java code, JSP tags have promoted specialization of development roles.Model-View-Controller (MVC)JSP tags solved only part of our problem. We still have issues with validation, flow control, and updating the state of the application. This is where MVC comes to the rescue. MVC helps resolve some of the issues with the single module approach by dividing the problem into three categories:∙ModelThe model contains the core of the application's functionality. The modelencapsulates the state of the application. Sometimes the only functionality it contains is state. It knows nothing about the view or controller.∙ViewThe view provides the presentation of the model. It is the look of theapplication. The view can access the model getters, but it has no knowledgeof the setters. In addition, it knows nothing about the controller. The viewshould be notified when changes to the model occur.∙ControllerThe controller reacts to the user input. It creates and sets the model.MVC Model 2The Web brought some unique challenges to software developers, most notably the stateless connection between the client and the server. This stateless behavior made it difficult for the model to notify the view of changes. On the Web, thebrowser has to re-query the server to discover modification to the state of the application.Another noticeable change is that the view uses different technology for implementation than the model or controller. Of course, we could use Java (or PERL, C/C++ or what ever) code to generate HTML. There are several disadvantages to that approach:∙Java programmers should develop services, not HTML.∙Changes to layout would require changes to code.∙Customers of the service should be able to create pages to meet their specific needs.∙The page designer isn't able to have direct involvement in page development.∙HTML embedded into code is ugly.For the Web, the classical form of MVC needed to change. Figure 4 displays the Web adaptation of MVC, also commonly known as MVC Model 2 or MVC 2.Struts detailsDisplayed in Figure 6 is a stripped-down UML diagram ofthe org.apache.struts.action package. Figure 6 shows the minimal relationships among ActionServlet (Controller), ActionForm (Form State), and Action (Model Wrapper).Figure 6. UML diagram of the relationship of the Command (ActionServlet) to the Model (Action & ActionForm)The ActionServlet classDo you remember the days of function mappings? You would map some input event to a pointer to a function. If you where slick, you would place the configuration information into a file and load the file at run time. Function pointer arrays were the good old days of structured programming in C.Life is better now that we have Java technology, XML, J2EE, and all that. The Struts Controller is a servlet that maps events (an event generally being an HTTP post) to classes. And guess what -- the Controller uses a configuration file so you don_t have to hard-code the values. Life changes, but stays the same.ActionServlet is the Command part of the MVC implementation and is the core ofthe Framework. ActionServlet (Command) creates and uses Action, an ActionForm, and ActionForward. As mentioned earlier, the struts-config.xml file configures the Command. During the creation of the Web project, Action and ActionForm are extended to solve the specific problem space. Thefile struts-config.xml instructs ActionServlet on how to use the extended classes. There are several advantages to this approach:∙The entire logical flow of the application is in a hierarchical text file. This makes it easier to view and understand, especially with large applications.∙The page designer does not have to wade through Java code to understand the flow of the application.∙The Java developer does not need to recompile code when making flow changes.Command functionality can be added by extending ActionServlet.The ActionForm classActionForm maintains the session state for the Web application. ActionForm is an abstract class that is sub-classed for each input form model. When I say input form model, I am saying ActionForm represents a general concept of data that is set or updated by a HTML form. For instance, you may have a UserActionForm that is set by an HTML Form. The Struts framework will:∙Check to see if a UserActionForm exists; if not, it will create an instance of the class.∙Struts will set the state of the UserActionForm using corresponding fields from the HttpServletRequest. No more dreadfulrequest.getParameter() calls.For instance, the Struts framework will take fname from request stream andcallUserActionForm.setFname().∙The Struts framework updates the state of the UserActionForm before passing it to the business wrapper UserAction.∙Before passing it to the Action class, Struts will also conduct form state validation by calling the validation() method onUserActionForm. Note: This is not always wise to do. There might be ways of using UserActionForm in other pages or business objects, where the validation might be different. Validation of the state might be better in the UserAction class.∙The UserActionForm can be maintained at a session level.Notes:∙The struts-config.xml file controls which HTML form request maps to which ActionForm.∙Multiple requests can be mapped UserActionForm.∙UserActionForm can be mapped over multiple pages for things such as wizards.The Action classThe Action class is a wrapper around the business logic. The purpose of Action class is to translate the HttpServletRequest to the business logic. To use Action, subclass and overwrite the process() method.The ActionServlet (Command) passes the parameterized classesto ActionForm using the perform() method. Again, no moredreadful request.getParameter() calls. By the time the event gets here, the input form data (or HTML form data) has already been translated out of the request stream and into an ActionForm class.Figure 4. MVC Model 2Struts, an MVC 2 implementationStruts is a set of cooperating classes, servlets, and JSP tags that make up a reusable MVC 2 design. This definition implies that Struts is a framework, rather than a library, but Struts also contains an extensive tag library and utility classes that work independently of the framework. Figure 5 displays an overview of Struts.Figure 5. Struts overviewStruts overview∙Client browserAn HTTP request from the client browser creates an event. The Webcontainer will respond with an HTTP response.∙ControllerThe Controller receives the request from the browser, and makes thedecision where to send the request. With Struts, the Controller is a command design pattern implemented as a servlet. The struts-config.xml file configures the Controller.∙Business logicThe business logic updates the state of the model and helps control the flowof the application. With Struts this is done with an Action class as a thinwrapper to the actual business logic.∙Model stateThe model represents the state of the application. The business objectsupdate the application state. ActionForm bean represents the Model state ata session or request level, and not at a persistent level. The JSP file readsinformation from the ActionForm bean using JSP tags.∙ViewThe view is simply a JSP file. There is no flow logic, no business logic, and nomodel information -- just tags. Tags are one of the things that make Strutsunique compared to other frameworks like Velocity.Note: "Think thin" when extending the Action class. The Action class should control the flow and not the logic of the application. By placing the business logic in a separate package or EJB, we allow flexibility and reuse.Another way of thinking about Action class is as the Adapter design pattern. The purpose of the Action is to "Convert the interface of a class into another interface the clients expect. Adapter lets classes work together that couldn_t otherwise because of incompatibility interface" (from Design Patterns - Elements of Reusable OO Software by Gof). The client in this instance is theActionServlet that knows nothing about our specific business class interface. Therefore, Struts provides a business interface it does understand, Action. By extending the Action, we make our business interface compatible with Struts business interface. (An interesting observation is that Action is a class and not an interface. Action started as an interface and changed into a class over time. Nothing's perfect.)The Error classesThe UML diagram (Figure 6) alsoincluded ActionError and ActionErrors. ActionError encapsulates an individual error message. ActionErrors is a container of ActionError classes that the View can access using tags. ActionErrors is Struts way of keeping up with a list of errors.Figure 7. UML diagram of the relationship of the Command (ActionServlet) to the Model (Action)The ActionMapping classAn incoming event is normally in the form of an HTTP request, which the servlet Container turns into an HttpServletRequest. The Controller looks at the incoming event and dispatches the request to an Action class.The struts-config.xml determines whatAction class the Controller calls.The struts-config.xml configuration information is translated into a setof ActionMapping, which are put into container of ActionMappings. (If you have not noticed it, classes that end with s are containers)The ActionMapping contains the knowledge of how a specific event maps to specific Actions. The ActionServlet (Command) passes the ActionMapping tothe Action class via the perform() method. This allows Action to access the information to control flow.ActionMappingsActionMappings is a collection of ActionMapping objects.Struts，MVC 的一种开放源码实现简介小学生也可以在因特网上发布 HTML 网页。
软件工程外文翻译文献
软件工程外文翻译文献(文档含中英文对照即英文原文和中文翻译)Software engineeringSoftware engineering is the study of the use of engineering methods to build and maintain effective, practical and high-quality software disciplines. It involves the programming language, database, software development tools, system platform, standards, design patterns and so on.In modern society, the software used in many ways. Typical software such as email, embedded systems, human-machine interface, office packages, operating systems, compilers, databases, games. Meanwhile, almost all the various sectors of computer software applications, such as industry, agriculture, banking, aviation and government departments. These applications facilitate the economic and social development,improve people's working efficiency, while improving the quality of life. Software engineers is to create software applications of people collectively, according to which software engineers can be divided into different areas of system analysts, software designers, system architects, programmers, testers and so on. It is also often used to refer to a variety of software engineers, programmers.OriginIn view of difficulties encountered in software development, North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in 1968 organized the first Conference on Software Engineering, and will be presented at the "software engineering" to define the knowledge required for software development, and suggested that "software development the activities of similar projects should be. " Software Engineering has formally proposed since 1968, this time to accumulate a large number of research results, widely lot of technical practice, academia and industry through the joint efforts of software engineering is gradually developing into a professional discipline.Definitioncreation and use of sound engineering principles in order to obtain reliable and economically efficient software.application of systematic, follow the principle can be measured approach to development, operation and maintenance of software; that is to beapplied to software engineering.The development, management and updating software products related to theories, methods and tools.A knowledge or discipline (discipline), aims to produce good quality, punctual delivery, within budget and meet users need software.the practical application of scientific knowledge in the design, build computer programs, and the accompanying documents produced, and the subsequent operation and maintenance.Use systematic production and maintenance of software products related to technology and management expertise to enable software development and changes in the limited time and under cost.Construction team of engineers developed the knowledge of large software systems disciplines.the software analysis, design, implementation and maintenance of a systematic method.the systematic application of tools and techniques in the development of computer-based applications.Software Engineering and Computer ScienceSoftware development in the end is a science or an engineering, this is a question to be debated for a long time. In fact, both the two characteristics of software development. But this does not mean that they can be confused with each other. Many people think that softwareengineering, computer science and information science-based as in the traditional sense of the physical and chemical engineering as. In the U.S., about 40% of software engineers with a degree in computer science. Elsewhere in the world, this ratio is also similar. They will not necessarily use every day knowledge of computer science, but every day they use the software engineering knowledge.For example, Peter McBreen that software "engineering" means higher degree of rigor and proven processes, not suitable for all types of software development stage. Peter McBreen in the book "Software Craftsmanship: The New Imperative" put forward the so-called "craftsmanship" of the argument, consider that a key factor in the success of software development, is to develop the skills, not "manufacturing" software process.Software engineering and computer programmingSoftware engineering exists in a variety of applications exist in all aspects of software development. The program design typically include program design and coding of the iterative process, it is a stage of software development.Software engineering, software project seeks to provide guidance in all aspects, from feasibility analysis software until the software after completion of maintenance work. Software engineering that software development and marketing activities are closely related. Such assoftware sales, user training, hardware and software associated with installation. Software engineering methodology that should not be an independent programmer from the team and to develop, and the program of preparation can not be divorced from the software requirements, design, and customer interests.Software engineering design of industrial development is the embodiment of a computer program.Software crisisSoftware engineering, rooted in the 20th century to the rise of 60,70 and 80 years of software crisis. At that time, many of the software have been a tragic final outcome. Many of the software development time significantly beyond the planned schedule. Some projects led to the loss of property, and even some of the software led to casualties. While software developers have found it increasingly difficult for software development.OS 360 operating system is considered to be a typical case. Until now, it is still used in the IBM360 series host. This experience for decades, even extremely complex software projects do not have a set of programs included in the original design of work systems. OS 360 is the first large software project, which uses about 1,000 programmers. Fred Brooks in his subsequent masterpiece, "The Mythical Man Month" (The Mythical Man-Month) in the once admitted that in his management of theproject, he made a million dollar mistake.Property losses: software error may result in significant property damage. European Ariane rocket explosion is one of the most painful lesson.Casualties: As computer software is widely used, including hospitals and other industries closely related to life. Therefore, the software error might also result in personal injury or death.Was used extensively in software engineering is the Therac-25 case of accidents. In 1985 between June and January 1987, six known medical errors from the Therac-25 to exceed the dose leads to death or severe radiation burns.In industry, some embedded systems do not lead to the normal operation of the machine, which will push some people into the woods. MethodologyThere are many ways software engineering aspects of meaning. Including project management, analysis, design, program preparation, testing and quality control.Software design methods can be distinguished as the heavyweight and lightweight methods. Heavyweight methods produce large amounts of official documentation.Heavyweight development methodologies, including the famous ISO 9000, CMM, and the Unified Process (RUP).Lightweight development process is not an official document of the large number of requirements. Lightweight methods, including well-known Extreme Programming (XP) and agile process (Agile Processes).According to the "new methodology" in this article, heavyweight method presented is a "defensive" posture. In the application of the "heavyweight methods" software organizations, due to a software project manager with little or no involvement in program design, can not grasp the item from the details of the progress of the project which will have a "fear", constantly had to ask the programmer to write a lot of "software development documentation." The lightweight methods are presented "aggressive" attitude, which is from the XP method is particularly emphasized four criteria - "communication, simplicity, feedback and courage" to be reflected on. There are some people that the "heavyweight method" is suitable for large software team (dozens or more) use, and "lightweight methods" for small software team (a few people, a dozen people) to use. Of course, on the heavyweight and lightweight method of approach has many advantages and disadvantages of debate, and various methods are constantly evolving.Some methodologists think that people should be strictly followed in the development and implementation of these methods. But some people do not have the conditions to implement these methods. In fact, themethod by which software development depends on many factors, but subject to environmental constraints.Software development processSoftware development process, with the subsequent development of technology evolution and improvement. From the early waterfall (Waterfall) development model to the subsequent emergence of the spiral iterative (Spiral) development, which recently began the rise of agile development methodologies (Agile), they showed a different era in the development process for software industry different awareness and understanding of different types of projects for the method.Note distinction between software development process and software process improvement important difference between. Such as ISO 15504, ISO 9000, CMM, CMMI such terms are elaborated in the framework of software process improvement, they provide a series of standards and policies to guide software organizations how to improve the quality of the software development process, the ability of software organizations, and not give a specific definition of the development process.Development of software engineering"Agile Development" (Agile Development) is considered an important software engineering development. It stressed that software development should be able to possible future changes and uncertaintiesof a comprehensive response.Agile development is considered a "lightweight" approach. In the lightweight approach should be the most prestigious "Extreme Programming" (Extreme Programming, referred to as XP).Correspond with the lightweight approach is the "heavyweight method" exists. Heavyweight approach emphasizes the development process as the center, rather than people-centered. Examples of methods such as heavyweight CMM / PSP / TSP.Aspect-oriented programming (Aspect Oriented Programming, referred to as the AOP) is considered to software engineering in recent years, another important development. This aspect refers to the completion of a function of a collection of objects and functions. In this regard the contents related to generic programming (Generic Programming) and templates.软件工程软件工程是一门研究用工程化方法构建和维护有效的、实用的和高质量的软件的学科。
软件工程英文作文
软件工程英文作文英文：Software engineering is a field that involves the development and maintenance of software systems. It is a complex process that requires a combination of technical skills, creativity, and project management expertise. As a software engineer, I have to be proficient in programming languages, software design patterns, and testing methodologies. I also need to be able to communicate effectively with other team members, stakeholders, and clients.One of the most important aspects of software engineering is the software development life cycle (SDLC). This is a process that involves planning, designing, coding, testing, and maintaining software systems. Each stage ofthe SDLC is crucial to the success of the project, and any errors or issues that arise during one stage can have a significant impact on the entire project.In addition to technical skills, software engineers also need to have strong project management skills. This involves being able to manage timelines, budgets, and resources effectively. It also involves being able to communicate with stakeholders and clients to ensure that their needs are being met.Overall, software engineering is a challenging but rewarding field. It requires a combination of technical and soft skills, as well as a willingness to learn and adapt to new technologies and methodologies.中文：软件工程是一个涉及软件系统开发和维护的领域。
软件工程毕业论文外文文献—信息管理系统简介
外文原文The information management system brief introductionA．output background of the management information systemThe information is a kind of resources, in pass by of 30 years, the every trade usually all had not a few managers and administrations the mastermind treated the data processing and calculators isolatedly.Result in the reason of this kind of viewpoint is, the data processing( DP) and the information service( IS) the personnel does not wish to use easily drive the language that customer( namely the personnel of" usage" calculator) comprehend and customer carries on the exchanges.The manager lacks the interest and inabilities as dint to this kind of exchanges, cause defer the development of the calculator system, thus fostering to live in isolation in many other aspects and the phenomenon of the redundancy labor.Communicate with the information attendant in the customer aspect, there is no an unit hope can make perfect, but, have some units indeed to have already obtained the more very successful experience.The customer thinks with some units of the information attendant match tacit understanding:This kind of successful reason lie in, the customer has already controled basic knowledge of the calculator and the information resources management.It is thus clear that, customer the manager controls the knowledge of this aspect is very necessary.Perfectly right, the information serve what professional personnel is to have this aspect knowledge, but to use a manager to acquire these knowledges, must pass the regular study, reading and fulfillments.Together between the information attendant relation of appropriate processing customer, can strengthen the both parties to work in coordination.For building up and supporting an information system of high quantity, the everyone must respect the will of the other party.The good and bad of the system quantity is direct to become the direct proportion with customer and a quality for work in coordination of the information attendant.Every those customer managers who would not like to control the basic knowledge of relevant calculator and the information resources management aspects and administration mastermind, will become the behind the time necessarily, participate the development trends that the information system develops the process directly in current this kind of encouragementcustomer especially under.Recommend in the past, customer manager to a large extent is depend on the information attendant, the information system that development and realizations need of.Owing to the information service needs the continuous development variety, leaving the responsibility that discriminates and raises the system now to customer- this is also a reason should of.The customer participates the development of the information system morely, this kind of trend as early as 70's the middle started, and, from that time hereafter develop constantly, have already entered the information attendant now together ages of the customer cooperation.Because only have the customer to even understand that they want to get from the information system by themselves what.The customer participates the typical model case performance of the information resources management( IRM) in the distribute type data processing( DDP) aspect.In this aspect, the customer not only need to attend the development of the system, and but also need to be responsible for the hardware equipments that manage the system movement's demand and personnel.People did not know until most in the last few years:The information is a kind of resources, must take into the exploitation to this kind of worthy resources, don't make it the white white run to waste.In compete the environment of the vehemence, manager and administration the mastermind must make use of the information availably, otherwise hard have a foothold in the invincible position.In the past, manager only the calculator see is a saving money of tool, but now, the calculator is see is a tool that created the profits.Each companies have a great deal of of, didn't°yet discover of, can make use of the potential of the calculator and the information resources.Discover this kind of potential the knowledge level of the calculator and the information processing that demand have, is most managers and the administration mastermind's what lies in one's powers of.B．basic type of the information systemThe information system can be artificial or according to calculator of, independent or comprehensive of, become to criticize processing of or machine of.The usual information system is the combination of above-mentioned various type.Certainly it can't be independent again comprehensive,1.The independent system is for satisfying a certain and particular applied realm( such as, personal management) but design.The independent system contain itsown document, these documents take to have the certain redundancy by all means.2.The comprehensive information system passes the data that they use but drive comprehensive together.The system makes use of a database with commonly shared resources to attain the comprehensive purpose.For example, the wages system requests to find out the data from the human resource system and accountancy's systems in go order.3.Taking the artificial system as the foundation has already developped a calculator information system of various each kind.So far, while carry on the artificial" the calculator turn", still lack to design the experience and( or) the want for information attendants and exchanges between customers.Also is to say, drew lessons from the workflow of the artificial system directly according to the workflow of the system of the ually these systems are independent, and used to only the calculator to handle the machine for the data.While design these systems, few in consideration of end want intention that they synthesize.4.The information system also can press criticize processing, the machine processing or two combinationses to categorize.In become criticize handle system, divide business and datas to criticize a ground of processing or the creation statement.For example, the bank code a great deal of check, then at a day end, criticize the place check separately, row preface and carry on the processing.Again such as, for prevent°froming the airline pulling in the tower a sell the ticket to order with in Atlanta of another sell the last ticket that the ticket orders to sell some one service gone to San Francisco from Los Angeles at the same time, the airline system book the ticket to must be the machine of , with the current appearance of the reflection database.Most s machine information system also has results to show the request of criticize the processing.Even appeared the information resources management( IRM) system, and after the potential of the calculator information system got extensive acknowledgement, most systems are still independent criticize to handle the system.Now these system in the most has already lost the use value, and is re- designed comprehensive of, the system of the machine .Pass the definition can know,"ing comprehensive" to request the business realm manager and company the leadership cooperates closely.The information serve the professional personnel and can be the adviser, but relevant comprehensive information system and the business realm of conflict and difference then should be solve by the customer group.Environment that solves these differences to synthesizewith the real realization is the information attendant to customer the manager put forward of challenge.C．social influence of the information systemThe social influence of various company information system is the responsibility that the information serves the manager and professional realm managers.Should check all plans in of and existing information system, to distinguish whether these systems will bring the harmful society influence or not.Should check the existing system with regularity specially.The society influence may be internal, be also likely to be exterior or two and but have it.The serious degree of affect will involve from the officers and workers not like this kind of short date of a certain new method to affect because the calculator turns but makes some officers and workerses reduce such long-term influence.These circumstances explained the information system harmful internal society influence.If know that the particular and applied system that a certain calculator of realization( under the condition of some, only is design) turn will bring the harmful society influence in advance, so customer the manager should serve the manager and company management section with information to cooperate, responding this kind of influence to contract to minimum extent.The exterior society influence involves with those person who the company has the friendly intercourse.( customer, client, attendant, creditor etc.)The change of a certain procedure is also possible to bring important influence to the image of the companies, thus also affecting the profits of the company.For example, a very and greatly the nationwide public enterprise company decision repeal is in 12 service organizations of small town, then request the residents of these towns and will pay to mail the company originally department, that company did not estimate the influence that this kind of change on the policy bring.The residents are angry with can't directly hand over style give native organization.Unique result is the organization that the public enterprise company must re- set up those places, and examine from the beginning lately- install accept the debt system.D．the function and the responsibility of the customer and the information service departmentA quantity of information system and a benefits with future company, on the very big degree dependence hence denied to rule the function and the responsibility of the customer andthe information service department clearly.The function and responsibilities of the underneath are in keeping with to most units, however for ising suitable for own circumstance and shoulding still make a little amount of modification.The function and the responsibility of the customer:1.The information system policy committee( ISPC).The information serves the deluxe coordination commission, usually being leader by the high class of the customer to constitute.Therefore, the responsibility of that committee is the responsibility of the customer.ISPC approval to some gravenesses request that information serve, build up having the initiative the class system, solve the difference between each section and build up the first- degree information service counterplan of company.2.Accept the reform.The calculator turn, in regard to its essence, mean the reform.But the person does not wish to accept the reform essentially.The whole section brush-off of the some business realm carries out the circumstance of an information system not seldom seen.Even if to the personnel assurance of that section and they also believe that the end product will raise the rate of production that they work and make under personal satisfied circumstance, also still such.The manager of the customer has the responsibility creation the appropriate environment to accept the ineluctable reform- carry out a calculator information system in that company.Perform is one of the best paths that encouragement accepts to reform probably.Perform a successful information system( is the company inner part in spite of of or exterior of) needs to cost some time properly.Should encourage the people to carry on the exchanges with those persons who turns the aspect to be subjected to" frustrate" in the calculator.3.The system service claim.The plait writes the service claim and hands over is the responsibility of the end customer for the information service department.4.To the support of the information service item.Isn't the member of an item set even if, customer the manager still should participate the activity of the item, because the end product of the item set is end will to the method, work of the section and succeed to produce the important influence.Should request the customer manager is after each important stage complete" the signing approve".Some customer managers exist a kind of innocent viewpoint,they think that the normal progress of the item is a naturally of, but system will completely according to hope to was so complete, the procedure that signing approve is the responsibility of the customer, and for the success of the item is to go to pass important.This kind of signing not only mean the satisfied approval that designs to the basic system, and but also mean the approbation toward the detailed function manual.Manager and their employees of customers should meet the relevant item to constitute the member, comprehending and agreeing with the system suggest for them every way to carry on the pit actually.At the stage of Ⅱend can't still over-emphasize the importance of the signing approbation, because the that time system function a manual still" is freeze of".At the system of the modification ratio that stage of Ⅱdo realization after do the manpower that same modification need to want to be little and have to have another.For example, may need a person only to the modification of some document design to can complete no longer than a day in stage of Ⅱ , but after system carry out, do the same modification and may request several individuals to do a few months.The customer should find out the blemish as early as possible, and before understanding the system thoroughly, before use the section satisfaction, do not sign the approbation.cate.The manager of the customer and customer the personnel is responsible for the training that provides the business to the information attendant.( for example, stock method, the open account principle...etc.)According to the size of the item set, this kind of training can summit the form to carry on with the personal form or group.If customer the manager can recommend some informations sources( such as book, magazine, regular course...etc.) that can make use of also helpful to training.The customer also may need to be some to have something to do with training of calculator and the information system of knowledge.The information service department will be responsible for this kind of training.The customer just attends the training.The contents of this kind of training includes to be like how to use the calculator hardware, according to the work principle of the calculator system and involve the training of not deeply general calculator knowledge etc. topic.6.The data records to go into.According to the scope that the traditional information service working talent distribute, the customer group may participate almost all aspects of theinformation service.( include to record to go into the program design from the data)At least, the customer section wants to be responsible for the importation of the system.In the machine system, the data importation still include to is a readable form of machine the original data conversion that comes from the video frequency manifestation equipments.In become criticize handle system, the customer is responsible for completing accurate and legal original data.Then record these original datas criticize separately erupt the data of send to the information service into the section.This kind of a serious problem that becomes to criticize to turn to record the processing is many character lists are" illegal" in the original data, this will cause to usually make a phone call for the customer section or seek to come or saved into in the database bad or the data of the mistake.The manager of the customer should know the legitimacy and the accuracy equal importance of the character list.Should encourage the importance that clerk's personnel knows accurate and clean and neat twos.7.For provide of information service hand over the fee.According to the dissimilarity of each company policy, the service that the customer section may provide to the information service department pay all or parts of expenses or not pay, have already adopted a typical model to charge those companies of system and will consult with, analyze the member and program designs service, use the hardware machine and use to save the machine and materials to the inner part, charge to the customer open account. 8.The periodical evaluation information system.An information system( its ownership) from the customer section own, not from the information service department own.Therefore, carry on to their information system the regular commentary with regularity is the customer manager's responsibility.These comment on, will rise a kind of aggressive function for the improvement system.The function and the responsibility of the information service department:1.Keep advanced sex on the technique.Because the technique of the modern is in the variety everyday, the company can't neglect to decline low cost and suggest the opportunity of the high performance.For making use of the existing technique, the information attendant must be join force to keep advanced sex on the technique with one mind.The information service department and customers manage the technique invention that the section should notice to those to raise the rate of production and efficiency probably.2.Rise to promote the function.In the aspects of discovering the new information system and raising the existing information system, the information attendant should rise to promote the function.Any improvement data processing or management make policy the opportunities of the process and should cause concerning the business realm manager's attention.3.Provide to suggest the source.The information attendant is to provide the suggestion and advisory headsprings toward the customer group.The information service department should provide an organization( for example, customer contact section), for the purpose of customer can pass that organization request suggestion of the relevant calculator and the information processing.4.Help the customer in system develop process.The system development process press half to half of comparisons, from the expert of the business realm with( the information system aspect) technique the expert combine together, developping together a take calculator as the basal information system.By 1980, it is the responsibility of the information service department that popular viewpoint is the system development in customer and the information attendants.Today, the information system is own by customer, therefore, the system development is the responsibility of the customer.The responsibility of the information service department is an information system item that"s help" the customer to carry out them.5.Provide the movement ability for the information system.The information service department is responsible for a part that produces the system to have something to do with hardware.Certainly, this is is not suitable for in to distribute the data processing environment also.So-called have something to do with hardware the part includes the engine room, control, output's to send out to record to go into with data.( only rightness become criticize to handle the environment)The responsibility concerning database, sometimes will produce to confuse.The company database is saving saving equipments at the big capacity that be control by the information attendant and operate up.The managing person of the database is responsible for the physics and logical maintenances of the database.However, to any change of the database is to is carried on the push by the customer importation, therefore, the accuracy of the database is from the customer be responsible for, not database managing person is responsible of.6.Support the data of the information system.To the whichever and existing informationsystem, the complete set data includes the " circulate the order", the database data( may support one or several information systemses) and user's manuals of the system and program design data, the calculator operator.Must reflect to any improvement of the system in above- mentioned data, these datas are distribute by the information attendant and support.7.For the company whole turn to provide the help.The data becomes comprehensive( combination) tool of company.Each company, the education section and the government agency all exist the redundancy in the data and procedureses.The information service department contain responsibility provide the ability( hardware and expert) on the technique to remove this kind of phenomenon.8.Provide to educate the project( outline) toward the customer.Nowadays widespread viewpoint is, the customer handle the education of the aspect in the calculator and information, having the important influence successfully for an unit.The manager of the customer and deluxe administration leadership is making use of the professional public lecturer and facing to the book and the inner part colloquium of the customer well.The information service department be responsible for organize the customer manager of internal public lecturer.Handle the knowledge in the calculator and information, exist thus a kind of request, educate the reasonable charges to the customer namely, even in the small companyalso such.外文翻译信息管理系统简介一．管理信息系统产生的背景信息是一种资源,在过去的 30 年中，各行各业往往都有不少管理人员和行政首脑孤立地看待数据处理和计算机。
计算机论文-英文摘要
xxxxxx大学毕业设计(论文)第II 页Design and implementation of on-line bookstoreAbstractResearch subject of the thesis is based on design and implementation about the on-line shop of JSP program design technic and B/S system structure , and the system wil provide the users in the bookstore convenient the service of purchasing books through addition , search and modifying of the data base.To design and relise the system ,the system adopted modular program design , using knowlage of software engineering and database design principles and powerful integrated development environment , meanwhile, Microsoft SQLServer2000 is served as background database.The system is made up of following several functional module:1.the module for users’register: to relise login and register function for users;2.the module for search and browse of the books: to help users browse and search someinformation on the library;3.the module for on-line books: to help users purchase books;4.the module for user management: to help administrators manage users’information ;5.the module for order management : to help administrators manage order information;6.the module for library management: to help administrators manage library information ;The system focuses on the design scheme of searching and purchasing books for users in the on-line bookstore,and the scheme designed particularly several management modules to relise basic function of on-line bookstores. System design not only achieved the targets, but aslo improved the efficiency of the onl-ine book.Keywords: Eclipse3.2；Microsoft SQL2000。
英文作文 软件工程专业
英文作文软件工程专业The field of software engineering has been rapidly growing in recent years, and it has become one of the most sought-after degrees in the world. As a software engineering major, I have come to understand the importance of this field and the impact it has on society.Software engineering is the process of designing, creating, testing, and maintaining software. It involves a combination of computer science, mathematics, and engineering principles to develop high-quality software products. The software products created by software engineers are used in a wide range of industries, from healthcare to finance to entertainment.The software engineering field is constantly evolving, and it requires individuals who are willing to adapt and learn new technologies. As a software engineering major, I have had the opportunity to learn various programming languages, software development methodologies, and softwaretesting techniques. These skills are essential in the software engineering field, as they allow us to create software products that are efficient, reliable, and easy to use.One of the most important aspects of software engineering is teamwork. In order to create successful software products, software engineers must work together to design, develop, and test software. This requires effective communication, collaboration, and problem-solving skills. As a software engineering major, I have had the opportunity to work on various team projects, which has helped me develop these skills.Another important aspect of software engineering is the ability to create software that is user-friendly. Software engineers must consider the needs of the user when designing software products. This involves understanding user requirements, creating intuitive user interfaces, and providing adequate documentation. As a software engineering major, I have learned the importance of user-centered design and have developed skills in creating user-friendlysoftware products.In conclusion, software engineering is a rapidlygrowing field that requires individuals who are willing to adapt and learn new technologies. It involves a combination of computer science, mathematics, and engineeringprinciples to develop high-quality software products. Effective communication, collaboration, problem-solving,and user-centered design skills are essential in the software engineering field. As a software engineering major, I am excited to continue learning and growing in this field, and I am confident that I will make a positive impact on society through my work.。
介绍软件工程英语作文
介绍软件工程英语作文An Introduction to Software Engineering Objectives To introduce software engineering and to explain its importance To set out the answers to key questions about software engineering To introduce ethical and professional issues and to explain why they are of concern to software engineers T opics covered FAQs about software engineering Professional and ethical responsibility Software engineering The economies of ALL developed nations are dependent on software.More and more systems are software controlled Software engineering is concerned with theories,methods and tools for professional software development.Expenditure on software represents a significant fraction of GNP in all developed countries.Software costs Software costs often dominate computer system costs.The costs of software on a PC are often greater than the hardware cost.Software costs more to maintain than it does to develop.For systems with a long life,maintenance costs may be several times development costs.Software engineering is concerned with cost-effective software development.FAQs about software engineering What is software?What is software engineering?What is the difference between software engineering and computer science?What is the difference between software engineering and system engineering?What is a software process?What is a software process model?FAQs about software engineering What are the costs of software engineering?Whatare software engineering methods?What is CASE(Computer-Aided Software Engineering)What are the attributes of good software?What are the key challenges facing software engineering?What issoftware?Computer programs and associated documentation such as requirements,design models and user manuals.Software products may be developed for a particular customer or may be developed for a general market.Software products may be Generic-developed to be sold to a range of different customers e.g.PC software such as Excel or Word.Bespoke(custom).。
软件工程导论论文
Summarize of Software Engineering Theory and PracticeThe Summarize of Software EngineerIn this term, we have learned SOFTWARE ENGINEERING Theory and Practice. Through this course, I know so much about software engineering.To start with, I learn that a software engineer is someone who helps people solve problems by using his knowledge of computers and computing. If the problem is tricky to handle, we analyze it by breaking it into pieces that we can understand and try to deal with. So the larger problem is a collection of sub-problems and we can know their interrelationships which is as essential as the sub-problems themselves. Once we have analyzed the problem, what we need to do is to synthesize all the small pieces. Thus, any problem-solving technique must have two parts: analyzing the problem to determine its nature, and then synthesizing a solution based on our analysis.Software engineering is about designing and developing high-quality software. But what the high-quality is? We will consider it in at least three ways: the quality of the product, the quality of the process and the quality in the context of the business environment in which the problem will be used. Users judge software to be of high quality if it does what they want in a way that is easy to learn and easy to use, if something is hard to learn or use, we can compare it with another product. The quality of the development and maintenance process is as import as product quality, by proving the software development process, we can improve the quality of the resulting products. We highlight that improving technical quality will automatically translate into business value, so the quality in the context of the business environment has the same significance in our software.A key component of software development is communication between customer and developer: if that fails, so too will the system. We must understand what the customer wants and needs before we can build a system to help solve the problem. No matter how many people are involved in software development, the roles played throughout the life of the project can be distinguished. One development team will be made up with these members: requirement analysts, designers, programmers lines, testers, trainers, maintenance team, librarians, configuration management.Then we are going to know the elements of system. We describe a system by naming its parts and then identifying how the component parts are related to one another. An activity is something that happens in a system, the elements involved in the activities are called objects or entities. Usually, these objects are related to each other in some way. Once entities and activities are defined, we match the entities with their activities. Some items from one system are used by activities outside the scope of the system being examined. We say they cross the system boundary.After knowing the elements of a system, let us look at how to build it. Let me introduce Wasserman’s eight fundamental notions in software engineering form the ban’s for an effective discipline of software engineering: Abstraction, Analysis and Design Methods and Notations, User interface prototyping, Software Architecture, Software Process, Reuse, Measurement , Tools and Integrated Environments.Process is a serious of steps involving activities, constraints, and resources thatproduce an intended output of some kind. Any process has the following characteristics:●The process prescribes all of the major process activities.●The process uses resources, subject to a set of constraints, and producesintermediate and final products.●The process may be composed of subprocesses that are linked in some way.●Each process activities has entry and exit criteria, so that we know when theactivity begins and ends.●The activities are organized in a sequence, so that it is clear when one activities isperformed relative to the other activities.●Every process has a set of guiding principles that explain the goals of eachactivity.●Constraints or controls may apply to an activity, resource, or product.The software development process is sometimes called the software life style, because it describes the life of a software product from its conception to its implementation, delivery, use, and maintenance.Building a process and discussing its subprocess help the team understand the gap between what should be and what is. Every software development process model includes system requirements as input and a delivered product as product. Let look at several of the most popular models to understand their commonalities and differences. Waterfall ModelV ModelPrototyping ModelOperational ModelPhased Development: Increments and IterationsOne way to reduce cycle time is to use phased development. There are too many ways for the developers to decide how to organize development into releases. The two most popular approaches are incremental development and iterative development. In incremental development, the system as specified in the requirements documents is partitioned into subsystems by functionality. However, iterative development delivers a full system at the very beginning and then changes the functionality of each subsystem with each new release.Analyzing requirements involves much more than merely writing down what the customer wans. As we shall see, we must find requirements on which both we and the costumer can agree and on which we can build our test procedures. A requirement is an expression of desired behaviour. A requirement deals with objects or entities,the states they can be in, and the functions that are performed to change states or object characteristics. Note that none of these requirements specify how the system is to be implemented. The goal of the requirements phase is to understand the customer's problems and needs. Thus, requirements focus on the customer and the problem, not on the solution or the implementation.● A functional requirement describes required behaviour in terms of requiredactivities , such as reactions to inputs and state of each entity before and after an activity occurs. A quality requirement , or nonfunctional requirement, describessome quality characteristic that the software solution must possess , such as fast response time, ease of use, high reliability, or low maintenance costs. A design constraint is a design decision, such as choice of platform or interface components, that has already been made and that restricts the set of solutions to our problem. A process constraint is a restriction on the technique or resources that can be used to build the system.Questions to Tease Out Different Types of RequirementsFunctional Requiremens●Functionality●DataDesign Constraints●Physical Environment●Interfaces●UsersProcess Constraints●Resources●Documentation●StandardsQuality Requirements●Performance●Security●Reliability and Availability●Maintainability●Cost requirementsTwo Kinds of Requirements DocumentsA requirements definition is a complete listing of everything the customer wants to achieve. The requirements are written entirely in terms of the environment, describing how the environment will be affected by the proposed system. The requirements specification restates the requirements as a specification of how the proposed system shall behave. The specification also is written entirely in terms of the environment, except that it refers solely to environmental entities that are accessible to the system via its interface.Characteristics of Requirements●C orrect●Consistent●Unambiguous●Complete●Feasible●Relevant●Testable●TraceableDesign is the create process of transforming the problem into a solution; the description of a solution is also called design. Designs are created in one of five ways :●Modular decomposition●Data-oriented decomposition●Event-oriented decomposition●Outside-in design●Object-oriented designAll above is my summary of this course. So ,fom my perspective, I think that a united team is particularly the most vital part of completing a perfect system. And we also need to learn how to cooperate with others, it is a necessary lesson of our whole lives. We should do each step carefully,because each one is the same vital to the whole thing.THE END。
软件工程专业英文作文
软件工程专业英文作文英文，As a software engineering professional, I findthe field to be both challenging and rewarding. Throughout my career, I've encountered various aspects of software engineering that have broadened my understanding and skill set.One fundamental aspect of software engineering is the development process. It involves stages like requirements gathering, design, implementation, testing, and maintenance. Each stage presents its own set of challenges and requires specific expertise. For example, during the requirements gathering phase, communication skills are crucial to understanding the needs of the stakeholders and translating them into technical requirements. This often involves conducting interviews, surveys, and workshops to gather comprehensive information.Once the requirements are gathered, the design phase comes into play. This is where creativity meets technicalproficiency. Designing software architecture that is scalable, maintainable, and efficient requires careful consideration of various factors such as performance, security, and usability. In my experience, using design patterns and architectural principles has been instrumental in creating robust software solutions.Implementation is where the code comes to life. Writing clean, readable, and maintainable code is essential for long-term success. This phase often involves collaboration with other team members through techniques like pair programming or code reviews to ensure code quality and adherence to coding standards.Testing is another critical aspect of software engineering. It's not just about finding bugs; it's about ensuring that the software meets the specified requirements and behaves as expected under different conditions. Automated testing frameworks and techniques like unit testing, integration testing, and end-to-end testing helpin achieving comprehensive test coverage and identifying issues early in the development cycle.Finally, maintenance is an ongoing process in software engineering. As technology evolves and user needs change, software must be updated and maintained to stay relevantand effective. This involves fixing bugs, adding new features, optimizing performance, and addressing security vulnerabilities.中文，作为一名软件工程专业人士，我发现这个领域既具有挑战性又有回报。
软件工程英语作文
软件工程英语作文Software Engineering。
Software engineering is a discipline that focuses onthe design, development, and maintenance of software systems. It is an essential field in today's technology-driven world, as software is at the core of almost every aspect of modern life. From mobile apps to operating systems, from e-commerce platforms to social media networks, software engineering plays a crucial role in shaping the digital landscape.The process of software engineering involves a seriesof steps, starting from the initial concept and ending with the deployment and maintenance of the software system. These steps include requirements gathering, system design, coding, testing, and maintenance. Each step requires a specific set of skills and knowledge, and softwareengineers must be proficient in various programming languages, development tools, and software engineeringmethodologies.One of the key principles of software engineering is the focus on quality. Software engineers strive to develop software systems that are reliable, efficient, and secure. This requires rigorous testing and validation processes to ensure that the software meets the specified requirements and performs as expected. In addition, software engineers must also consider the long-term maintenance and evolution of the software, as technology is constantly evolving, and software systems need to adapt to new requirements and challenges.Another important aspect of software engineering is the emphasis on collaboration and communication. Software development is a team effort, and software engineers need to work closely with other team members, such as designers, testers, and project managers, to ensure the success of the project. Effective communication and collaboration are essential for delivering high-quality software systems within the specified time and budget constraints.In recent years, there has been a growing demand for software engineers, as the digital transformation of industries and the proliferation of digital products and services have created a need for skilled professionals in software engineering. As a result, software engineering has become a popular career choice for individuals who are passionate about technology and innovation.To succeed in the field of software engineering, individuals need to develop a strong foundation in computer science and programming, as well as acquire practical experience in software development. They also need to stay updated with the latest trends and technologies in the field, as software engineering is a rapidly evolving discipline.In conclusion, software engineering is a vital discipline that drives innovation and progress in the digital age. It encompasses a wide range of skills and knowledge, and it is essential for the development of reliable and efficient software systems. As technology continues to advance, the demand for software engineerswill only continue to grow, making it an exciting and rewarding career choice for individuals who are passionate about technology and software development.。
软件工程摘要
This year, as the unceasing enhancement and the trademark consciousness unceasing enhancement of people, the registration number of trademark is becoming more and more big, according to incomplete statistics, at present the trademark office of the given file in tens of thousands of pieces every day, until October 7, 2015,the successful registration of trademarks in China will be 10.07 million pieces.Now whether enterprise or individual,who want to register the good name or good moral is already very not easy, trademark resources have been less and less, because the trademark office is based on the principle of firstly apply and firstly approve, so the people behind want to apply for it is more difficult. Formed at the same time, however, is relatively than it must a trademark, vacancy rates were nearly 30%, including some businesses and individuals to send control law, is not used on goods or services for the purpose of their own to a large number of registered trademarks, hoarding, use of trademark, registered after the good, and the price is transferred to individuals or enterprises whichneed a trademark, but this kind of behavior itself is violated the legislative purpose of trademark law.Given of the present condition of the trademark market "On the one hand，there are the enterprise needs a registered trademark, On the other hand，there are a large number of idle trademark, in order to solve the problem of enterprise trademark, a lot of industrial and commercial department try their best, so there is a market of assignment of trademark,the trademark transferring time only 6 to 10 months, but if companies want to use the trademark as soon as possible, usually within a week can get a trademark using authorization, so whether business or personal, as soon as possible in order to be able to use the trademark in business for yourself, many people chose to buy trademark directly. Trademark intellectual property agency platform management system is now in order to facilitate more people to have idle trademarks on the platform, at the same time it is convenient for people to logo directly on the platform to pick up his watch brand, creating a market belongs to the trademark of e-commerce platform.This trademark agency system is developed using B/S architecture, MyEclipse6.5 as a development tool, Tomcat as a server, database is MySQL. It also applied the technology of JSP and Servlet. From requirements analysis to the database design, program design, project acceptance, the latter upgrading maintenance, according to the software engineering method, every step are carefully analyzed, making full use of good data model to achieve the function of the module.This paper introduces the design and implementation process. Next step is the feasibility analysis, demanding analysis and overall design. The final detailed design and concrete implementation。
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Data integration and make it become the strategic decision news will be at technology trends after the post-ERP era of information. KDD Data Mining technology is the primary method in data analysis, the different characteristics will be analyzed between the ERP system and business intelligence BI system in this paper. the financial-cost analysis system KPI and material consumption analysis KPI will be developed by to using BI tools for implement base on the project of data integration of JinMaiLang drink company.
For this project researched, more mainly to solve the relevant problems Of operation and management analysis KPI on the sales，financial，production and other departments. there is that data caliber not uniform, Workload arduous by hand-pooled for analysis, providing for report lag every end month,the decision information is not sensitive and low efficiency.this paper attempts through the development process to Illustrates principles and methods and technical characteristics base data integration on ERP system and provide an idea of data analysis development for data mining. But also to explore that business intelligence BI would be used in the enterprise.
This paper mainly to studies and use the following methods:
ing EPM tools, combing analysis KPI, to determine data source and data range through analyse the principle of the ERP system business
2/ Use the UF NC5.6 system UAP development platform, development data interface to achieve the source data makeup. used EAI data integration tools to achieve DRP system and NC system based unification on data. 3/Build data warehouse,to finish data conversion through tools DI, complete data ETL process, to establish data warehouse DW and data memory area ODS.
4/Combined carded business indicators, analyze data relationships of relational database of ERP system,to identify dimension table and fact table and calculation index.
5/Using PowerDesigner data modeling to determine the logical relationships, and use of documents to illustrate for review.
6/According to the needs of business indicators , to build display models through the OLAP tools for consumer.
7/Using intelligent report development tool (web Intelligance) to complete report forms that user requirements.
8/ Presentation layer optimization and single sign-on integration (SS0) Through above of the technology and method, the KPI of system for sales and finance and production would be showed automatic, real-time.So that the whole company reports statistical reporting period increased from No.8 per month to No.2 per month , data accuracy, traceability has been greatly improved.Through systems integration to solve the inter-islands of information between systems, so that basic data standard, uniform;Through data warehouse of analyzing were be established that business data and analysis data have been separated, so different object-oriented applications without disturbing each other, but also lay the foundation for the OLAP analysis capabilities for the future and to reduce data collection costs.
In this thesis,to completed the data integration by implementation of the design and development , the overall description is based ERP system for business intelligence (BI) data integration,it's should include the analysis of business KPI were be combed, IT-based data integration framework, the source data discovery, data interface development, based on the business process for data relationships analysis, data warehouse modeling DW, ETL, OLAP analysis, data testing, data show and other key processes. it's a successful business intelligence analysis, is not simply a number tools of technical and methods were used, but also there's a set of business methods and the best practice.
关键词：Data Mining KDD；Business Intelligence BI；Enterprise Resource Planning ERP；Enterprise Application Integration EAI；,Enterprise Performance Management EPM；On Line Analytical Processing OLAP；Data Warehouse DW；Data Test。