期中高一下
四川省达州市渠县2022-2023学年高一下学期期中考试语文试题(含答案)
渠县2022-2023学年高一下学期期中考试语文试题一、现代文阅读(36分)(一)阅读下面的文字,完成下面1——3小题。
(每小题3分,共9分)对城市而言,文明弹性是一个城市体在生存、创新、适应、应变等方面的综合状态、综合能力,是公共性与私人性之间、多样性与共同性之间、稳定性与变迁性之间、柔性与刚性之间的动态和谐。
过于绵柔、松散,或者过于刚硬,密集,都是弹性不足或丧失的表现,是城市体出现危机的表征。
当代城市社会,尤其需要关注以下文明弹性问题。
其一,空间弹性。
城市具有良好空间弹性的一个重要表现,是空间的私人性与公共性关系能够得到较为合理的处理。
任何城市空间都是私人性与公共性的统一,空间弹性的核心问题,就是如何实现空间的公共性与私人性的有机统一、具体转换。
片面地强调空间的公共性或片面地强调空间的私人性,都会使城市发展失去基础。
目前,人们更多地要求空间的私人性,注重把空间固化为永恒的私人所有物、占有物,这种以私人化为核心的空间固化倾向,造成城市空间弹性不足,正在成为制约城市发展的一个重要原因。
其二,制度弹性。
一种较为理想的、有弹性的城市制度,是能够在秩序与活力、生存与发展间取得相对平衡的制度。
城市有其发展周期、发展阶段,对一个正在兴起的城市而言,其主要任务是聚集更多的发展资源、激活发展活力。
而对一个已经发展起来的城市而言,人们会更为注重城市制度的稳定功能。
但问题在于,即使是正在崛起的城市,也需要面对秩序与稳定的问题;即使是一个已经发展起来的城市,也需要面对新活力的激活问题。
过于注重某种形式的城市制度,过于注重城市制度的某种目标,都是城市制度弹性不足、走向僵化的表现,都会妨害城市发展。
其三,意义弹性。
所谓城市的意义弹性,是指城市能够同时满足多样人群的不同层面的意义需要,并能够使不同的意义与价值在总体上达到平衡与和谐,不断形成具体的意义共同性。
当一个城市体只允许一种、一个层面的意义存在时,这个城市体可能繁荣一时,但必然会走向衰落。
湖北鄂东南省级示范高中教育教学改革联盟学校2024年高一下学期期中联考数学试卷
2024年春季鄂东南省级示范高中教育教学改革联盟学校期中联考高一数学考试时间:2024年4月15日下午15:00-17:00;试卷满分:150分一、选择题(本题共8小题,每小题5分,共40分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的)1.复数2iz 13i+=+的虚部是( ) A .12−B .12C .1i 2−D .1i 22.下列关于平面向量的说法,其中正确的是( )A .若a b ≠ ,则||||a b ≠B .若//a b 且||||a b =,则a b =C .若0a b ⋅=,则0a = 或0b = D .若a 与b 不共线,则a 与b都是非零向量3.已知平面向量(1,2)a =,(3,4)b − ,则向量a 在向量b 上的投影向量是( )A .34,2525−B .68,55 −C .34,55 −D .34,55 −4.已知tan 121tan αα−=+,则cos 24πα+的值为( )A.B. CD5.在ABC △中,D 在边BC 上,延长AD 到P ,使得10AP =,若54PA mPB m PC =+−(m 为常数),则PD 的长度是( ) A .9B .8C .7D .66.若实数x ,y 满足332x y+=,21133xy n − =+,则n 的最小值为( ) A .2B .8C .9D .127.在ABC △中,点E ,F 分别是线段AB ,AC 的中点,点P 在直线EF 上,若ABC △的面积为4,则22BC PB PC ⋅+的最小值是( ) A .2B.C .4D8.已知定义在R 上的函数()y f x =,对任意的1x ,2,4x π∈+∞且12x x ≠,都有()()12120f x f x x x −>−,且函数4y f x π=+为奇函数.若锐角ABC △的三个内角为,,A B C ,则( )A .()()0f A fB +>B .()()0f A f B +<C .()()0f A f B +=D .()()f A f B +的符号无法确定二、多项选择题(本题共3小题,每小题6分,共18分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,有多项符合题目要求,全部选对的得6分,部分选对的得部分分,有选错的得0分)9.主动降噪耳机让我们在嘈杂的环境中享受一丝宁静,它的工作原理是:先通过微型麦克风采集周围的噪声,然后降噪芯片生成与振幅相同的反相位声波来抵消噪声,已知某噪声的声波曲线函数为()3sin ||62f x x ππϕϕ =+< ,且经过点(2,3),则下列说法正确的是( )A .函数()y f x =的最小正周期12T =B .6πϕ=−C .函数()y f x =在区间(2,8)上单调递减D .函数(2)y f x =+是奇函数10.已知复数123,,z z z ,则下列结论正确的有( ) A .2211z z = B .1212z z z z ⋅=⋅C .1212z z z z =⋅D .若1213z z z z =,且10z ≠,则23z z =11.如图,设,Ox Oy 是平面内相交成θ角的两条数轴,其中(0,)θπ∈,1e ,2e分别是与x 轴,y 轴正方向同向的单位向量,若向量12OP a xe ye ==+,则把有序数对(,)x y 叫做向量OP 在夹角为θ的坐标系xOy 中的坐标,记为()(,)a x y θ=,则下列结论正确的是( )A .若3(1,2)a π= ,则||a =B .若44,(3,a b ππ==− ,则a b ⊥C .若对任意的12,5R e e λλ∈−最小值为52,则6πθ= D .若对任意的(0,)θπ∈,都有1212e e e e λ−≥−恒成立,则实数(][),31,λ∈−∞−+∞三、填空题;本题共3小题,每小题5分,共15分.12.已知sin cos θθ−sin 2θ=__________.13.在ABC △中,角A ,B ,C 的对边分别为a ,b ,c ,若cos cos a B b A c b −=−,则角A =若I 为ABC △的内心,且AIIC λ=+,则λ=__________. 14.已知平面向量,a b,||2a =,||3b =,若存在平面向量c ,||1c = ,使得()()0a c b c −⋅−=,则||||a b a b −++的最小值是__________.四、解答题:本题共5小题,共77分,解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.15.(13分)已知向量(1,2)a −,||b = .(1)若//a b,求b 的坐标;(2)若(5)()a b a b +⊥−,求a 与b 夹角的余弦值.16.(15分)在ABC △中,角A ,C 的对边分别是a ,b ,c ,且222b c bc a +−=. (1)求角A 的大小; (2)若2b =,1sin 7C =,求ABC △的面积.17.(15分)已知向量,cos )m x x ωω= ,(cos ,cos )(0,)n x x x ωωω=−>∈R,1()2f x m n =⋅− ,且()y f x =的图象上相邻两条对称轴之间的距离为2π.(1)求函数()y f x =的解析式;(2)若0a >,且函数()y f x =在区间(,2)a a 上单调,求a 的取值范围.18.(17分)如图,在ABC △中,角A ,B ,C 的对边分别是a ,b ,c ,D 为BC 边上一点,已知2b =,4c =,23A π=.(1)若AD 平分BAC ∠,求AD 的长;(2)若D 为BC 边的中点,E ,F 分别为AB 边及AC 边上一点(含端点).且AE xAB = ,AF y AC =,1x y +=,求DE DF ⋅ 的取值范围. 19.(17分)阅读以下材料并回答问题:①单位根与本原单位根:在复数域,对于正整数n ,满足10n z −=的所有复数22cos isin ()k k z k Z n nππ=+∈称为n 次单位根,其中,满足对任意小于n 的正整数m ,都有1m z ≠,则称这种复数为n 次本原单位根.例如,4n =时,存在四个4次单位根1±,i ±,因为111=,2(1)1−=,因此只有两个4次本原单位根i ±; ②分圆多项式:对于正整数n ,设n 次本原单位根为12,,,m z z z ,则多项式()()()12m x z x z x z −−− 称为n 次分圆多项式,记为()n x Φ;例如24()(i)(i)1x x x x Φ=−+=+;回答以下问题:(1)直接写出6次单位根,并指出哪些为6次本原单位根(无需证明);(2)求出6()x Φ,并计算6321()()()()x x x x ΦΦΦΦ,由此猜想1264321()()()()()()x x x x x x ΦΦΦΦΦΦ的结果,(将结果表示为1110()nn n n n x a x a xa x a −−Φ=++++ 的形式)(猜想无需证明); (3)设所有12次本原单位根在复平面上对应的点为12,,,m A A A ,两个4次本原单位根在复平面上对应的点为12,B B ,复平面上一点P 所对应的复数z 满足||z =,求1212m PA PA PA PB PB ⋅⋅⋅的取值范围.。
上海中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期中考试英语试题(含答案)
上海中学2023学年第二学期期中考试英语试题高一______班学号______ 姓名______ 成绩______Ⅰ.Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and a question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.A.15 dollars. B.20 dollars. C.25 dollars. D.45 dollars.2.A.To the gallery. B.To the dentist’s.C.To her flat. D.To the garage.3.A.She was fired by the company. B.She broke the law.C.She is on leave right now. D.She is replacing the company’s website.4.A.Patient and doctor. B.Resident and government official.C.Customer and insurance agent. D.Boss and secretary.5.A.He was sitting opposite Mr. Johnson. B.He is planning a farewell party for Mr. Johnson.C.All the tasks that Mr. Johnson did failed. D.He is glad Mr. Johnson left the company.6.A.She prefers dogs to cats.B.She had a close relationship with the man’s daughter.C.She used to sorrow over her dog’s death.D.She is always in low spirits.7.A.The woman should get the chips herself. B.The woman shouldn’t eat chips.C.The woman used to have several heart attacks. D.The woman warned the man against heart attacks. 8.A.They plan to have the meeting in another place.B.The availability of the meeting room will be discussed.C.They have already had the meeting.D They will have the meeting sometime later.9.A.The car’s demand greatly exceeds supply.B.The woman has listed the car’s advantages.C.The woman received a car a month ago. D.The woman didn’t like the car.10.A.She won’t do the presentation.B.She needs to collect a lot of data for the presentation.C.She is still at an early stage of preparation for the presentation.D.The topic is most important for the presentation.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and a longer conversation, and you will be asked some questions on the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but thequestions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you’ve heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11.A.The type of food you freeze. B.The way you warm up the frozen food.C.Whether the freezer bags are sealed. D.What temperature you set your freezer to. 12.A.Because they can be easily stocked.B.Because they fit well in the fridge.C.Because they come in different sizes and shapes. D.Because they help to keep the dry food dry 13.A.Prevent people from eating too much food.B.Stop people from removing food that hasn’t gone bad.C.Make people become cautious about eating unhealthy food.D.Make people become ambitious in making use of leftover food.Questions 14 through 17 are based on the following passage.14.A.Postpone retirement age. B.Involve more women in work.C.Hire more foreign workers. D.Attract workers with high salaries.15.A.Relieve pressure on human nursing care.B.Take care of children and the elderly.C.Finally replace humans in workforce. D.Give humans more time to r creative work. 16.A.Robots can’t do certain work. B.Some people don’t accept robots.C.The expenses for robots are still high. D.The functions of robots need improving.17.A.Japan struggles to fight workforce shortage.B.Japanese attitudes towards robots change a lot.C.Robots have played a major role in Japan’s industry.D.Robots can help in Japanese workforce shortage.Questions 18 through 20 are based on the following conversation.18.A.The cruise liner will provide all sorts of food and entertainment.B.Only half of the cabins will be filled up.C.The prices of unsold tickets will be reduced.D.Everyone will be able to afford the ticket.19.A.Book tickets as soon as they are available. B.Closely watch the changes of ticket prices C.Compare deals from different sources. D.Keep in contact with a travel age n you can trust. 20.A.Because cruise tours are only suitable for people who have much free time.B.Because he can work part-time to earn money to pay for the tour.C.Because doing price research and comparing takes time.D.Because he can sail shortly after buying the cheap ticket.Ⅱ.Grammar and VocabularySection A Multiple Choice21.No man is useless in this world ______ lightens the burden of someone else.A.which B.that C.who D.as22.______ be considered for the role of team leader in our upcoming project?A.Who do you suggest that should B.Who do you suggestC.Whom do you suggest should D.Do you suggest who should23.I’m now applying to graduate school, ______ means someday I’ll return to a profession ______people need to be nice to me in order to get what they want.A.which, as B.which, which C.which, where D.as, in which24.The reason ______ she gave for her resignation was ______ she wanted to pursue her passion for travel and exploration.A.that, that B.why, that C.why, because D./, because25.It might be years ______ we ______ the creation of artificial intelligence systems capable of true human-like cognition.A.since, made possible B.before, make possibleC.since, made possible that D.before, make it possible26.The budget for the project ended up being twice ______, causing unexpected financial strain on the company. A.how it intended to B.that it had intended toC.as it intended to D.what it was intended to27.It was ______ she took her first step onto foreign soil ______ signaled the beginning of a journey filled with unknown adventures and unforgettable experiences.A.the moment, that B.the moment, whenC.the moment when, that D.the moment when, which28.The complexities of the English language are ______ even native speakers cannot always communicate effectively, ______ almost every American learns on his first day in Britain.A.so that, as B.such that, as C.so that, with D.such that, in that29.His confidence and strong will clearly show that he is no longer ______ he used to be the first time ______ he undertook such a demanding task.A.who, when B.who, / C.what, / D.what, that30.It was not so much her talent ______ her perseverance and determination ______ motivated her to the top of her field.A but. that B.as, that C.nor, which D.like, which31.______ the children tracked mud all over them again.A.No sooner did he sweep the floors clean than B.Hardly had he sweep the floors clean whenC.Barely he had swept the floors clean than D.Scarcely had he swept the floors clean when32.Although the suspect insisted ______ alone during the time of the crime, the court still demanded ______ evidence to support his alibi.A.being at home, he should provide B.he be at home, he providedC.he was at home, be provide D.he was at home, he providing33.Visitors are permitted to take photographs for personal use only, ______ stated otherwise by the museum staff. A.though B.if C.as D.unless34.The recipe book features helpful ______, making it easier for learners to visualize the cooking process.A.explanation B.demonstrations C.illustrations D.presentations35.The heroic idea that ______ qualities such as excellence, generosity courage, loyalty and dignity is highly valued and modeled.A.embraces B.identifies C.examines D.criticizes36.______ by the work pressure, he has been experiencing serious physical symptoms of stress and had to turn to a therapist for help.A.Overwhelmed B.Disappointed C.Frustrated D.Shocked37.After witnessing her tireless dedication to practice every day, the parents were ______ her enthusiasm for playing the piano.A.concerned with B.committed to C.informed of D convinced of38.When we ______ the data further, we can identify specific trends and patterns that may not be evident at first glance.A.break up B.break out C.break through D.break down39.The temptation for a declining church to ______ old privileges is strong.A.hang on to B.settle for C.pass up D.sign for40.After signing the contract, every employee is ______ fulfill their duties and conform to the rules made by the company.A.reluctant to B.obliged to C.motivated to D.honored to41.Due to the long-term environmental and financial benefits, renewable energy technologies are ______ A.worthwhile to develop B.worth being developedC.worthy to be developed D.worthy of developingSection B VocabularyDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Stressed out? Get chewing: can a wellness rebrand make Americans buy gum again?When was the last time you saw someone chewing gum? 1998, maybe? 2007? Chances are, it probably wasn’t recently. Like high heels and affordable housing, chewing gum appears to be going 42Gum’s popularity has been fading globally thanks to increased competition from products like breath mints and mobile phones distracting us from impulse purchases while shopping. The pandemic, moreover, 43 ·accelerated gum’s decline.Even after people 44 from lockdown, sales didn’t recover. Gum sales worldwide in 2023 were 10% below 2018 figures. In the US, the drop has been particularly pronounced: last year 1.2 billion units of gum were sold in the US, 32% fewer than in 2018.However, chewing gum, in various forms, is one of the oldest habits there is. Stone age teenagers were chewing birch bar k tar possibly for pleasure, medicinal purposes, or to use it as a glue. Gum has also been loaded with culturalmeaning and the subject of various 45 panics. Some people believe it is a marker of the bad kids or a habit of the lower class.Despite a certain amount of social stigma(污名)attached to gum, it has - until relatively recently -been a wildly successful product. That’s thanks to William Wrigley Jr, who was a marketing and advertising genius. Wrigley always 46 to find a way to make gum relevant and insert it into consumer culture. For example, Wrigley advertised the idea that chewing gum was a health aid that would help digestion and would relieve stress.This year the Wrigley brand’s owner —Mars—came out with an ad campaign it hopes will revive gum’s 47 by positioning it as an almost instant stress reliever. Linking gum with wellness worked in the 1910s, but is it going to work now? Alex Hayes at the food consultancy is 48 optimistic. “The global well ness market is estimated to be worth more than $1.5 trillion, so it’s no surprise that Mars wants a piece of the pie,” Hayes says. “We’ve seen the success of categories such as tea promoting their products via functional 49 and messaging-teas for good sleep, mental clarity, stress relief, etc. So it comes as no surprise that Mars is risking the same 50 .” But he also notes, customers are increasingly worried about processed foods and are eager to move away from artificial 51 . There’s still ongoing discussion on just how effective repositioning chewable plastic as a health supplement is going to be. Ⅲ.Reading ComprehensionSection A ClozeDirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.It’s safe to say Jeremy Scott is having a lucky year. In March while working as a chauffeur, he told his boss about his plans to set up a driving business. By the end of the journey, Scott’s boss had offered to 52 his idea-a starting capital along with the gift of a £110,000 limousine(豪车)to kick start the business.Of course, there’s an element of luck to everyone’s career. Whether you’re a chief executive or an artist — your 53 won’t be based on hard work alone. For example, the place you were born 54 your education. It determines whether you learn to read, write or complete qualifications, which 55 limits your career choices.Many people believe success is down to talent and hard work, but “this is because most people underestimate the role of 56 ”, says psychologist Dr Elizabeth Nutt Williams. “We do a lot of work to prepare for ourcareers-education, training, taking advantage of mentoring-all of which tend to be in our control.” People don’t like to acknowledge the role of luck in their work, as it 57 this feeling of being in control, adds Williams.Everyone remembers working hard, so people are more likely to overestimate how much of their success is down to diligence than something much more 58 like luck.The reality of success (at least in terms of 59 )is less clear cut. In the UK, studies show where you are born is likely to determine how much you earn.2017 research found that there is a “class pay gap’’, where professional employers from 60 backgrounds are paid almost £7,000 less a year — despite having the same role, education and experience as colleagues from more privileged families. 61 , black graduates earn up to 23% less per hour than white university leavers, whereas woman in the UK earn 14% less on average than men.Socio-economic status also plays a big role in the 62 you enter. A recent study by the Debrett’s Foundation found seven in every 10 young people aged 16-25 use 63 to get their first job. While research has shown that less able, richer children are 35% more likely to become high earners than their brighter. poorer peers.The truth is: chance and coincidences 64 our careers more than we like to think. Realizing that parts of your career are out of your control sounds 65 , but being grateful for the role of luck in your career can actually make you more fortunate.This is because when you acknowledge the role of luck in your work, you become prepared to take advantage of more fortunate moments. “Chance events occur·but it is all about the individual’s 66 to see those events as possibilities and their willingness to take a risk,” says Williams.52.A.challenge B.adopt C.finance D.reject53.A.performances B.accomplishments C.assessments D.outcomes54.A.accounts for B.applies to C.makes up for D.depends on55.A.in reward B.after all C.in turn D.by nature56.A.chance B.accident C.education D.diligence57.A.emphasizes B.overlooks C.maintains D.weakens58.A.manageable B.vital C.slippery D.minor59.A.reputation B.income C.education D.occupation60.A.wealthier B.poorer C.unique D.diverse61.A.Nevertheless B.Contrarily C.Consequently D.Similarly62.A.profession B.circle C.community D.university63.A.certificates B.online platforms C.career fairs D.family connections64.A.contribute to B.result from C.add to D.hold back65.A.inspiring B.encouraging C.appealing D.discouraging66.A.reluctance B.eagerness C.readiness D.resolutionSection B Passages(A)When you think about coffee alternatives, garlic is probably one of the last things that comes to mind, but that is exactly the ingredient that one Japanese inventor used to create a drink that looks and tastes like coffee.74-year-old Yokitomo Shimotai, a coffee shop owner in Aomori Prefecture, Japan, claims that his unique “garlic coffee” is the result of a cooking blunder he made over 30 years ago, when he burned a steak and garlic while waiting tables at the same time. Intrigued by the burnt garlic’s smell, he mashed it up with a spoon and mixed it with hot water. The resulting drink looked and tasted a lot like coffee. Making a mental note of his discovery, Yokimoto carried on with his job and only started researching garlic coffee again after he retired.Committed to turning his weird drink into a commercial product, Yokitomo Shimotai spent years optimizing the formula, and about five years ago, he finally achieved a result he was satisfied with. To make his dissolvable garlic grounds, he roasts the cloves(蒜瓣)in an electric oven, and after they’ve cooled off, smashes them into fine particles and pac ks them in dripbags.“My drink is probably the world’s first of its kind,” the garlic coffee inventor told Kyodo News. “It contains no caffeine so it’s good for those who would like to drink coffee at night or pregnant women.”“The bitterness of burned garl ic apparently helps create the coffee-like flavor,” Shimotai adds. He claims that, although his garlic coffee does give off an aroma of roasted garlic, it doesn’t cause bad breath, because the garlic isthoroughly cooked. And if you can get past the smell, the drink apparently does taste a lot like actual coffee. If decaf isn’t good enough for you, and you’re in the mood for something new, you can try Yokitomo Shimotai’s garlic coffee at his shop, in the city of Ninohc, lwate Prefecture, or buy your own dripbags for just 324 yen($2.8). 67.Which word is the closest in meaning to the underlined word “blunder” in the second paragraph?A mistake B.show C.mixture D.brand68.Who is NOT suitable to drink garlic coffee?A.A student having trouble with sleep B.A woman bearing a baby.C.A cleaner working on a day shift. D.A young lady sick of garlic.69.Which of the following is NOT characteristic of garlic coffee?A.It is caffeine-free. B.Garlic powder dissolves in waterC.The burnt garlic create s bitterness. D.It is an improvement on a garlic dish.70.Which of the following can be used to describe Yokitomo Shimotai?A.Venturous and greedy B.Innovative and perseverantC.Hardworking and cautious D.Observant and helpful(B)71.By “how they stacked up” in paragraph 1, the author probably means “how they ______.”A.make sense to manufacturers B.get stuck in storesC are compared with each other D.are piled up together72.Which of the following devices favourably reacts to users?A.Dreampad pillow B.Eight sleep trackerC.Smart Nora Wireless Snoring Solution D.Nightingale Smart Home Sleep System73.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?A.The Eight keeps the entire bed at the same temperature.B.The Nightinga, is an economical but perfect device.C.Soft music is applied to all these four devices.D.One in three people suffer from sleep problem.(C)One way to divide up the world is between people who like to explore new possibilities and those who stick to the tried and true. In fact, the tension between betting on a sure thing and taking a chance that something unexpected and wonderful might happen troubles human and nonhuman animals alike.Take songbirds, for example. The half-dozen finches(雀)resting at my desk feeder all summer know exactly what they’ll find there: black sunflower seed, and lots of it. Meanwhile, the warblers(莺)exploring the woods nearby don’t depend on this predictable food source in fine weather. As food hunters, they enjoy less exposure to predators and, as a bonus, the chance to meet the perfect mate flying from tree to tree.This “explore-exploit” trade-off(权衡)has prompted scores of lab studies, computer simulations and algorithms (算法), trying to determine which strategy brings in the greatest reward. Now a new study of human behavior in the real world, published last month in the journal Nature Communications, shows that in good times, there isn’t much of a difference between pursuing novelty and sticking to the status quo(原状). When the going gets tough. however, explorers are the winners.The new study, led by Shay O’Farrell and James Sanchirico, both of the Univ ersity of California, Davis, along with Orr Spiegel of Tel Aviv University, examined the routes and results of nearly 2,500 commercial fishing trips in the Gulf of Mexico over a period of 2.5 years. The study focused on “bottom longline” fishing, a system where hundreds of lines are attached to a horizontal bar that is then lowered to reach the sea bed. Dr. O’Farrell explained the procedure this way: Go to a location and put the line down. Stay for a few hours. The lines are a mile long and have a buoy (浮标)at either end. When they pull that up, they assess the catch, and then decide if they will stay or move on to a different spot.Over two years of collecting data under various climate conditions, the researchers discovered that the fishermen were fairly c onsistent. “The exploiters would go to a smaller set of locations over and over, and go with what theyknow,” Dr. O’Farrell said. The explorers would constantly try a wider range; they’d sample new places.In the long run, there wasn’t a huge difference in payoffs between the two groups, perhaps due to the sharing information between fishing crews, said Dr. O’Farrell. But in challenging times, the study’s message was clear: “You can try new things in the face of uncertainty.”74.The author takes the songbird as an example to indicate that ______.A.like birds, humans tend to be satisfied with the predictableB.some birds are used to looking for food instead of being fedC.there exist the conservative and the adventurous like humansD.birds choose different ways to look for food in different weather75.According to the third paragraph, people who mastered “explore-exploit” trade-off ______.A.will choose either to pursue novelty or keep the status quoB.are ready to risk in time of difficultyC.will be tough in good times and bad timesD.will grow to be experts in lab studies76.Which can be inferred from the new study led by Shay O’Farrell and James Sanchirico?A.The two groups react to the unexpected differently.B.The “explore-exploit” trade-off helps scientific research a lot.C.The exploiters are used to fishing based solely on their experience.D.The explorers tend to achieve more than the exploiters in the long run.77.Which of the following can be the best title for passage?A.How the Exploiter differs from the Explorer B.How to Become a Productive FishermanC.What is “Explore-Exploit” Trade-off D.When to take risks mattersSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.The Maya loved cacao so much that they used the beans as currency. They also believed it is good for you—which many people still say today about cacao’s most famous byproduct, chocolate. 78 . While some have suggested that less than an ounce of dark chocolate might improve heart health, much of the research doesn’t involve eating actual chocolate but rather its components — flavanol, especially.79 . In a clinical trial of 21,000 adults, they found that the half of the group that took500mg of. cocoaflavanol supplements daily had a significantly lower risk of death from cardiovascular disease than those who had taken a placebo(安慰剂).Flavanols may also boost insulin sensitivity, according to some studies, which might be helpful in reducing the risk of type 2 diabetes(糖尿病). 80 . Those at risk of diabetes might be wise to choose a cacao-inspired supplement instead of eating chocolate—and the sugar it contains. Other research suggests that the flavanols found in cacao (also present in fruits, vegetables, and tea)could slow cognitive decline during aging, or even boost brain performance by improving blood flow to the cerebral cortex.What these findings mean for chocolate is limited, however. Participants would have had to eat multiple fat and sugar filled chocolate bars a day to source 500mg of flavanols. 81 . So understanding why certain types of chocolate are healthier than the rest is the focus of further research.Ⅳ.Fill in the BlanksHow sneaker culture took over the worldSneakers have come a long way from when they were first invented in 1860s England for the upper-class playing croquet(槌球)and tennis.Long worn for function 82 82 fashion, today sneakers have become an entire culture—both a form of self-expression and a high art found in museum exhibits and designer auction houses.83 transformed sneaker culture into a true phenomenon was the 1985 release of Nike’s Air Jordan 1s. In 1984, Michael Jordan was a talented rookie who had yet to play in a professional game. 84 that, Nike saw Jordan as the future of their brand, signing him to a five-year, $2.5 million endorsement(代言)deal. 85 Jordan matured into one of the greatest basketball players of all time, the sneaker’s popularity skyrocketed.Meanwhile, another cultural shift 86 (take)place with casual Fridays introduced in white-collar businesses. It was when men were allowed to put aside their suits and wear something one day a week that showed people who they really were.As sneakers became increasingly desired, footwear companies turned to 87 (generate)even more publicity by collaborating with celebrities and luxury brands, as well as releasing small batches of limited-edition shoes with eye-pop ping designs.Celebrities also started their collaborations with sneaker brands, which helped target a whole new demographic of people to experience sneaker culture. It was a blending of high and low fashion, 88 the shoe industry has never really seen before. A pair that Jordan wore in his legendary final NBA season 89 (sell )even for $2.2 mllion, making them the most expensive sneakers ever to appear at auction.By the mid-2010s, speakers 90 (become)solid gold status symbols. Wearing rare and cool sneakers became an expression of one’s social status. But not until recently, sneakers are finally getting their due as part of our cultural heritage—and particularly how Black culture has shaped that heritage. It took decades for the sneaker industry to recognize that 91 these Black athletes or artists that championed their products there would be no sneaker culture.Ⅴ.Translations92.结果看来这项传统的确值得传承给我们的后代。
湖南省部分学校2022-2023学年高一(下)期中考试语文试题(含答案)
湖南省部分学校2022-2023学年高一(下)期中考试语文第Ⅰ卷(阅读题)一、现代文阅读(35分)(一)现代文阅读Ⅰ(本题共5小题,19分)阅读下面的文字,完成1-5题。
材料一:我国传统史学有许多优长之处,史论结合便是其中之一。
《左传》的“君子曰”,《史记》的“太史公曰”,《资治通鉴》的“臣光曰”等,都是史论结合的代表。
同时,在史书注释、书目提要中也都包含丰富的评论。
这些史论结合的精彩之论代表了我国传统史学的理论积累,需要下功夫深入发掘和总结。
关于《史记》中的史论,我们比较熟知的是“太史公曰”。
凡是研究过司马迁史学思想的人都知道,其史论涉及的内容十分广泛。
比如,他对当时国家经济发展状况就非常关切。
在《货殖列传》中,他在分析人类社会物质生产情况时说:“故待农而食之,虞而出之,工而成之,商而通之。
此宁有政教发征期会哉?人各任其能,竭其力,以得所欲。
故物贱之征贵,贵之征贱,各劝其业,乐其事,若水之趋下,日夜无休时,不召而自来,不求而民出之。
岂非道之所符,而自然之验邪?”这段论述一方面说明物质生产的历史有其自身规律,是不以人的意志为转移的;另一方面说明社会分工是由生产和交换的需要决定的,而社会生产的发展又是由于人们为满足物质需要而从事工作的结果。
这些论点表明司马迁已经认识到物质生产对社会发展的重要作用,并且力图以此为切入点探索社会发展的原因。
这可以说是一种朴素的唯物史观。
再看司马光的《资治通鉴》。
司马光在《资治通鉴》里所发表的史论,一般都认为有两种形式:一是“臣光曰”,二是引前人的史论。
其实除了这两种形式,司马光在书中还常常借历史人物之口来发表议论、表达自己的观点,其史论内容十分丰富而且十分深刻。
以“臣光曰”中关于治国用人方面的一些史论为例。
司马光提出“为治之要,莫先于用人”,认为一个国家能否治理得好,关键在于能否选拔一批得力的人才,所以他在《资治通鉴》中非常注意并突出叙述了举贤用能的史实。
《资治通鉴》关于用人方面的精彩之论有很多,其他方面的史论更是不胜枚举。
广东省广州市广州中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期中考试数学试卷(含简单答案)
广州市广州中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期中考试数学试卷一、单选题:本题共8小题,每小题5分,共40分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的.1. 已知向量,,则( )A. 2B. 3C. 4D. 52( )A. B. C. D. 3. 如图,四边形中,,则必有( )A. B. C. D. 4. 如图,在空间四边形中、点、分别是边、上的点,、分别是边、上的点,,,则下列关于直线,的位置关系判断正确的是( )A. 与互相平行;B. 与是异面直线;C. 与相交,其交点在直线上;D. 与相交,且交点在直线上.5.已知,,且与互相垂直,则与的夹角为( )A. B. C. D. .(2,1)a =(2,4)b =- ||a b -= ()i 13i 1i-=+2i +2i -2i-+2i--ABCD AB DC =AD CB=DO OB=AC DB=OA OC=ABCD E H AB AD F G BC CD EH FG ∥EH FG ≠EF GH EF GH EF GH EF GH BD EF GH AC a = 1b = a b - 2a b + a b30︒45︒60︒90︒6. 已知圆锥的底面圆周在球的球面上,顶点为球心,圆锥的高为3,且圆锥的侧面展开图是一个半圆,则球的表面积为( )A. B. C. D.7. 函数的部分图象如图所示,则函数的单调递减区间为( )A. B. C. D. 8. 如图的曲线就像横放的葫芦的轴截面的边缘线,我们叫葫芦曲线(也像湖面上高低起伏的小岛在水中的倒影与自身形成的图形,也可以形象地称它为倒影曲线),它每过相同的间隔振幅就变化一次,且过点,其对应的方程为(,其中为不超过的最大整数,).若该葫芦曲线上一点到轴的距离为,则点到轴的距离为( )A.B.C.D.二、选择题:本题共3个小题,每小题6分,共18分.在每小题给出的选项中,有多项符合题目要求,全部选对的得6分,部分选对的得部分分,有选错的得0分.9. 如图,弹簧挂着的小球做上下运动,它在时相对于平衡位置的高度(单位:)由关系式O O O 12π16π48π96π()()πsin 1002f x A x A ωϕωϕ⎛⎫=++>>< ⎪⎝⎭,,()π16g x f x ⎛⎫=-- ⎪⎝⎭πππ,π,Z 66k k k ⎡⎤-+∈⎢⎥⎣⎦ππ2π,2π,Z 66k k k ⎡⎤-+∈⎢⎥⎣⎦π5ππ,π,Z 36k k k ⎡⎤++∈⎢⎥⎣⎦πππ,π,Z 63k k k ⎡⎤-+∈⎢⎥⎣⎦π,24P ⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭122sin 2πx y x ω⎛⎫⎡⎤=- ⎪⎢⎥⎣⎦⎝⎭0x ≥[]x x 05ω<<M y 4π3M x 1412s t h cm,确定,其中,,.小球从最高点出发,经过后,第一次回到最高点,则( )A B.C. 与时的相对于平衡位置的高度D. 与时的相对于平衡位置的高度之比为10. 下列说法正确的是( )A. 向量在向量上的投影向量可表示为B. 若,则与的夹角θ的范围是C. 若是等边三角形,则D 已知,,则11. 如图,在直三棱柱中,分别是棱上的点,,,则下列说法正确的是( )A. 直三棱柱的体积为..()sin h A t ωϕ=+[)0,t ∞∈+0A >0ω>(]0,πϕ∈2s π4ϕ=πω=3.75s t =10s t =h 3.75s t =10s t =h 12ab a b b b b⋅⋅0a b ⋅< a bπ,π2⎛⎤⎥⎝⎦ABC V π,3AB BC <>=(1,2)A -(1,1)B ()2AB =-,1111ABC A B C -,E F 11,B B C C 11111224AA A B A C ===111π3A CB ∠=111ABC A B C -B. 直三棱柱外接球的表面积为;C. 若分别是棱的中点,则直线;D. 当取得最小值时,有三、填空题:本小题共3小题,每小题5分,共15分12. 在复平面内,对应的复数是,对应的复数是,则点之间的距离是______.13. 已知不共线的三个单位向量满足与的夹角为,则实数____________.14. 将函数且的图象上各点的横坐标伸长为原来的2倍,再将所得图形向左平移个单位长度后,得到一个奇函数图象,则__________.四、解答题:本题共5小题,共77分.解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.15. (1)将向量运算式化简最简形式.(2)已知,且复数,求实数的值.16. 如图所示,正六棱锥的底面周长为24,H 是的中点,O 为底面中心,,求:(1)正六棱锥的高;(2)正六棱锥斜高;(3)正六棱锥的侧棱长.17. (1)在三角形中,内角所对的边分别是,其中,,求.(2)热气球是利用加热的空气或某些气体,比如氢气或氦气的密度低于气球外的空气密度以产生浮力飞行.热气球主要通过自带的机载加热器来调整气囊中空气的温度,从而达到控制气球升降的目的.其工作的基本原理是热胀冷缩,当空气受热膨胀后,比重会变轻而向上升起,热气球可用于测量.如图,在离地为的111ABC A B C -64π3,E F 11,B B C C 1A F AE ∥1AE EF FA ++1A F EF=AB1i -AD 1i +,B D ,,a b c0,a b c a λ++=bπ3λ=()sin cos (,R f x a x b x a b =+∈0)b ≠π3ab =AB CB DC DE FA --++x ∈R ()222522i 0x x x x -++--=x BC 60SHO ∠=︒ABC ,,A B C ,,a b c 2c a =1sin sin sin 2b B a A a C -=cos B面高的热气球上,观测到山顶处的仰角为,山脚处的俯角为,已知,求山的高度.18. 如图,在梯形中,,,且,,,在平面内过点作,以为轴将四边形旋转一周.(1)求旋转体的表面积;(2)求旋转体的体积;(3)求图中所示圆锥的内切球体积.19. 如图,在的边上做匀速运动的点,当时分别从点,,出发,各以定速度向点前进,当时分别到达点.(1)记,点为三角形的重心,试用向量线性表示(注:三角形的重心为三角形三边中线的公共点)(2)若的面积为,求的面积的最小值.(3)试探求在运动过程中,的重心如何变化?并说明理由.800m M C 15︒A 45︒60BAC ∠=︒BC ABCD 90ABC ∠=︒AD BC ∥AD a =2BC a =60DCB ∠=︒ABCD C l CB ⊥l ABCD CO ABC V ,,D E F 0=t A B C ,,B C A 1t =,,B C A ,AB a AC b == G ABC ,a bBG ABC V S DEF V DEF V广州市广州中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期中考试数学试卷简要答案一、单选题:本题共8小题,每小题5分,共40分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的.【1题答案】【答案】D【2题答案】【答案】B【3题答案】【答案】B【4题答案】【答案】D【5题答案】【答案】D【6题答案】【答案】C【7题答案】【答案】C【8题答案】【答案】D二、选择题:本题共3个小题,每小题6分,共18分.在每小题给出的选项中,有多项符合题目要求,全部选对的得6分,部分选对的得部分分,有选错的得0分.【9题答案】【答案】BC【10题答案】【答案】AB【11题答案】【答案】ABD三、填空题:本小题共3小题,每小题5分,共15分【12题答案】【答案】2【13题答案】【答案】-1【14题答案】【答案】四、解答题:本题共5小题,共77分.解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.【15题答案】【答案】(1);(2)2.【16题答案】【答案】(1)6;(2)3)【17题答案】【答案】(1);(2)【18题答案】【答案】(1)(2(3【19题答案】【答案】(1)(2)(3)的重心保持不变,理由略.FE341200m 2(9πa +3a 3πa 1233BG b a =-14S DEF V。
2022-2023学年安徽省合肥市高一下学期期中考试数学试题【含答案】
2022-2023学年安徽省合肥市高一下学期期中考试数学试题一、单选题1.若复数为纯虚数,则实数的值为( )()242iz a a =-+-a A .2B .2或C .D .2-2-4-【答案】C【分析】根据给定条件,利用纯虚数的定义列式计算作答.【详解】因为复数为纯虚数,则有,解得,()242i z a a =-+-24020a a ⎧-=⎨-≠⎩2a =-所以实数的值为.a 2-故选:C2.在中,内角A ,B ,C 所对的边分别是a ,b ,c ,且,则的形状为ABC 2cos c a B =ABC ( )A .等腰三角形B .直角三角形C .等腰直角三角形D .等腰三角形或直角三角形【答案】A【分析】已知条件用正弦定理边化角,由展开后化简得,可得出等()sin sin C A B =+tan tan A B =腰三角形的结论.【详解】,由正弦定理,得,2cos c a B =()sin sin 2sin cos C A B A B=+=即sin cos cos sin 2sin cos ,A B A B A B +=∴,可得,sin cos cos sin A B A B =tan tan A B =又,∴,0π,0πA B <<<<A B =则的形状为等腰三角形.ABC 故选:A.3.某圆锥的侧面展开图是半径为3,圆心角为的扇形,则该圆锥的体积为( )120︒A .BC .D 【答案】D【分析】求出扇形的弧长,进而求出圆锥的底面半径,由勾股定理得到圆锥的高,利用圆锥体积公式求解即可.【详解】因为圆锥的侧面展开图是半径为3,圆心角为的扇形,120︒所以该扇形的弧长为,120π32π180⨯=设圆锥的底面半径为,则,解得:,r 2π2πr =1r =因为圆锥的母线长为3,所以圆锥的高为h =该圆锥的体积为.2211ππ133r h =⨯⨯=故选:D4.中,三个内角A ,B ,C 的对边分别为a ,b ,c .已知,B 的大ABC π4A =a =b =小为( )A .B .C .或D .或π6π3π65π6π32π3【答案】D【分析】根据正弦定理即可求解.【详解】由正弦定理可得sin sin sin a B b A B B =⇒==由于,,所以或,()0,πB ∈b a>B =π32π3故选:D5.设点P 为内一点,且,则( )ABC ∆220PA PB PC ++=:ABP ABC S S ∆∆=A .B .C .D .15251413【答案】A【分析】设AB 的中点是点D ,由题得,所以点P 是CD 上靠近点D 的五等分点,即14PD PC=- 得解.【详解】设AB 的中点是点D ,∵,122PA PB PD PC+==- ∴,14PD PC=- ∴点P 是CD 上靠近点D 的五等分点,∴的面积为的面积的.ABP ∆ABC ∆15故选:A【点睛】本题主要考查向量的运算,意在考查学生对这些知识的理解掌握水平.6.如图,在长方体中,已知,,E 为的中点,则异面直1111ABCD A B C D -2AB BC ==15AA =11B C 线BD 与CE 所成角的余弦值为()ABCD【答案】C【分析】根据异面直线所成角的定义,利用几何法找到所成角,结合余弦定理即可求解.【详解】取的中点F ,连接EF ,CF ,,易知,所以为异面直线BD11C D 11B D 11EF B D BD∥∥CEF ∠与CE所成的角或其补角.因为1112EF B D ==CE CF ====余弦定理得.222cos 2EF EC CF CEF EF EC +-∠====⋅故选:C7.在《九章算术》中,底面为矩形的棱台被称为“刍童”.已知棱台是一个侧棱相ABCD A B C D -''''等、高为1的“刍童”,其中,“刍童”外接球的表面积为22AB A B ''==2BC B C ''==( )A .B .CD .20π20π3【答案】A【分析】根据刍童的几何性可知外接球的球心在四棱台上下底面中心连线上,设球心为O ,根据几何关系求出外接球半径即可求其表面积.【详解】如图,连接AC 、BD 、、,设AC ∩BD =M ,∩=N ,连接MN .A C ''B D ''AC ''BD ''∵棱台侧棱相等,∴易知其外接球球心在线段MN 所在直线上,设外接球球心为ABCD A B C D -''''O ,如图当球心在线段MN 延长线上时,易得,MC =2,,,4AC ===2A C ''===1NC '=MN =1,由得,,即OC OC '=2222NC ON OM MC '+=+,()()2222141141OM MN OM OM OM OM ++=+⇒++=+⇒=故OC =OC ==∴外接球表面积为.24π20π⋅=如图当球心在线段MN 上时,由得,,即OC OC '=2222NC ON OM MC '+=+舍去,()()2222141141MN OM OM OM OM OM +-=+⇒+-=+⇒=-故选:A【点睛】关键点睛:利用刍童的几何性确定外接球的球心是解题的关键.8.如图,直角的斜边长为2,,且点分别在轴,轴正半轴上滑动,点ABC ∆BC 30C ∠=︒,B C x y 在线段的右上方.设,(),记,,分别考查A BC OA xOB yOC =+ ,x y ∈R M OA OC =⋅N x y =+的所有运算结果,则,MN A .有最小值,有最大值B .有最大值,有最小值M N M N C .有最大值,有最大值D .有最小值,有最小值M N M N 【答案】B【分析】设,用表示出,根据的取值范围,利用三角函数恒等变换化简,OCB α∠=α,M N α,M N 进而求得最值的情况.,M N 【详解】依题意,所以.设,则30,2,90BCA BC A ∠==∠=1AC AB ==OCB α∠=,所以,,所30,090ABx αα∠=+<<()())30,sin 30Aαα++()()2sin ,0,0,2cos B C αα以,当时,取得最大值()()12cos sin 30sin 2302M OA OC ααα==+=++⋅ 23090,30αα+==M 为.13122+=,所以,所以OA xOB yOC =+ ()sin 302cos x y αα+==时,有最小值为()sin 302cos N x y αα+=+=+ 1=290,45αα==N 故选B.1+【点睛】本小题主要考查平面向量数量积的坐标运算,考查三角函数化简求值,考查化归与转化的数学思想方法,属于难题.二、多选题9.下列关于复数的四个命题,其中为真命题的是( )21i z =-A .z 的虚部为1B .22iz =C .z 的共轭复数为D .1i -+2z =【答案】AB【分析】根据复数的除法运算化简复数,即可结合选项逐一求解.【详解】,故虚部为1,共轭复数为,()()()21i 21i 1i 1i 1i z +===+--+1i-=,故AB 正确,CD 错误,()221i 2i z =+=故选:AB10.蜜蜂的巢房是令人惊叹的神奇天然建筑物.巢房是严格的六角柱状体,它的一端是平整的六角形开口,另一端是封闭的六角菱形的底,由三个相同的菱形组成.巢中被封盖的是自然成熟的蜂蜜.如图是一个蜂巢的正六边形开口,下列说法正确的是( )ABCDEF A .B .AC AE BF -= 32AE AC AD+= C .D .在上的投影向量为AF AB CB CD ⋅=⋅ AD AB AB 【答案】BCD【分析】对A ,利用向量的减法和相反向量即可判断;对B ,根据向量的加法平行四边形法则即可判断;对C ,利用平面向量的数量积运算即可判断;对D ,利用向量的几何意义的知识即可判断.【详解】连接,与交于点,如图所示,,,,,,AE AC AD BF BD CE CE AD H 对于A :,显然由图可得与为相反向量,故A 错误;AC AE AC EA EC -=+= EC BF对于B :由图易得,直线平分角,且为正三角形,根据平行四边形法AE AC=AD EAC ∠ACE △则有,与共线且同方向,2AC AE AH += AH AD易知,均为含角的直角三角形,EDH AEH △π6,即,3AH DH = 所以,34AD AH DH DH DH DH =+=+=又因为,故,26AH DH= 232AH AD=故,故B 正确;32AE AC AD+= 对于C :设正六边形的边长为,ABCDEF a 则,,22π1cos 32AF AB AF AB a⋅=⋅=- 22π1cos 32CB CD CB CD a ⋅=⋅=-所以,故C 正确;AF AB CB CD ⋅=⋅ 对于D :易知,则在上的投影向量为,故D 正确,π2ABD ∠=AD AB AB故选:BCD .11.有一个三棱锥,其中一个面为边长为2的正三角形,有两个面为等腰直角三角形,则该几何体的体积可能是( )AB CD【答案】BCD【分析】分三种情况讨论,作出图形,确定三棱锥中每条棱的长度,即可求出其体积.【详解】如图所示:①若平面,为边长为2的正三角形,,,都是等腰直角三AB ⊥BCD BCD △2AB =ABD △ABC 角形,满足题目条件,故其体积;11222sin 6032V =⨯⨯⨯⨯⨯︒=②若平面,为边长为2的正三角形,,,都是等腰直角三AB ⊥BCD ACD AB =ABD △ABC角形,满足题目条件,故其体积1132V ==③若为边长为2的正三角形,,都是等腰直角三角形,BCD △ABD △ABC,中点,因为,而2AB BC CD AD ====AC =AC E BE AC ⊥,所以,即有平面,故其体积为222DE B D E B +=BE DE ⊥BE ⊥ACD 112232V =⨯⨯=故选:BCD12.如图,已知的内接四边形中,,,,下列说法正确的O ABCD 2AB =6BC =4AD CD ==是( )A .四边形的面积为B ABCDC .D .过作交于点,则4BO CD ⋅=- D DF BC ⊥BC F 10DO DF ⋅=【答案】BCD【分析】A 选项,利用圆内接四边形对角互补及余弦定理求出,,进而求出1cos 7D =-1cos 7B =,利用面积公式进行求解;B 选项,在A 选项基础上,由正弦定理求出外接圆直径;Csin ,sin B D 选项,作出辅助线,利用数量积的几何意义进行求解;D 选项,结合A 选项和C 选项中的结论,先求出∠DOF 的正弦与余弦值,再利用向量数量积公式进行计算.【详解】对于A ,连接,在中,,,AC ACD 21616cos 32AC D +-=2436cos 24AC B +-=由于,所以,故,πB D +=cos cos 0B D +=22324003224AC AC--+=解得,22567AC =所以,,所以1cos 7D =-1cos 7B =sin sin B D ===故11sin 2622ABC S AB BC B =⋅=⨯⨯=11sin 4422ADC S AD DC D =⋅=⨯⨯= 故四边形,故A 错误;ABCD =对于B ,设外接圆半径为,则,R 2sin AC R B ===B 正确;对于C ,连接,过点O 作OG ⊥CD 于点F ,过点B 作BE ⊥CD 于点E ,则由垂径定理得:BD ,122CG CD ==由于,所以,即,πA C +=cos cos 0A C +=22416163601648BD BD +-+-+=解得,所以,所以,且,BD =1cos 2C =π3C =1cos 632CE BC C =⋅=⨯=所以,即在向量上的投影长为1,且与反向,321EF =-= BO CD EG CD 故,故C 正确;4BO CD EG CD ⋅=-⋅=-对于D,由C 选项可知:,故,π3C =sin 604DF CD =⋅︒== 30CDF ∠=︒因为,由对称性可知:DO 为∠ADC 的平分线,故,AD CD =1302ODF ADC ∠=∠-︒由A 选项可知:,显然为锐角,1cos 7ADC ∠=-12ADC ∠故1cos 2ADC ∠==1sin 2ADC ∠==所以1cos cos 302ODF ADC ⎛⎫∠=∠-︒ ⎪⎝⎭11cos cos30sin sin3022ADCADC =∠⋅︒+∠⋅︒=所以,故D 正确.cos 10DO DF DO ODF DF ∠==⋅=⋅ 故选:BCD三、填空题13.已知向量,,若,则________.()2,4a =(),3b m =a b ⊥ m =【答案】6-【分析】依题意可得,根据数量积的坐标表示得到方程,解得即可;0a b ⋅=【详解】因为,且,()2,4a =(),3b m =a b ⊥ 所以,解得.2430a b m ⋅=⨯+⨯=6m =-故答案为:6-14.若复数所对应复平面内的点在第二象限,则实数的取值范围为________;()16z m i i=++m 【答案】60m -<<【分析】先化成复数代数形式得点坐标,再根据条件列不等式解得实数的取值范围.m 【详解】因为对应复平面内的点为,又复数所对应复平面()6z m m i=++6m m +,()16z m i i=++内的点在第二象限,所以06060m m m <⎧∴-<<⎨+>⎩【点睛】本题重点考查复数的概念,属于基本题.复数的实部为、虚部为、模为(,)a bi a b R +∈a b 、对应点为、共轭为(,)a b .-a bi15.已知,是边AB 上一定点,满足,且对于AB 上任一点P ,恒有ABC 0P 014P B AB= .若,,则的面积为________.00PB PC P B P C ⋅≥⋅ π3A =4AC = ABC【答案】【分析】建立直角坐标系,利用平面向量数量积的坐标运算公式,结合二次函数的性质、三角形面积公式进行求解即可.【详解】以所在的直线为横轴,以线段的中垂线为纵轴建立如图所示的直角坐标系,AB AB设,,,因为,所以,()40AB t t =>()2,0A t -()2,0B t 014P B AB =()0,0P t 设,,(),C a b ()(),022P x t x t -≤≤,()()()()002,0,,,,0,,PB t x PC a x b P B t P C a t b =-=-==-由,()()()()2200220PB PC P B P C t x a x t a t x x a t at t ⋅≥⋅⇒--≥-⇒-+++≥设,该二次函数的对称轴为:,()()222f x x x a t at =-++22a tx +=当时,即,222a t x t+=<-6a t <-则有,所以无实数解,()()222042203f t t t a t at t a t-≥⇒++++≥⇒≥-当时,即,222a tx t +=>2a t >则有,所以无实数解,()()22204220f t t t a t at t a t≥⇒-+++≥⇒≤当时,即,2222a tt t +-≤≤62t a t -≤≤则有,而,所以,()()2222400a t at t a ∆=-+-+≤⇒≤⎡⎤⎣⎦20a ≥0a =显然此时在纵轴,而,所以该三角形为等边三角形,()0,C b π3A =故的面积为ABC 1442⨯⨯=故答案为:【点睛】关键点睛:建立合适的直角坐标系,利用二次函数对称轴与区间的位置关系关系分类讨论是解题的关键.16.我国古代数学家祖暅求几何体的体积时,提出一个原理:幂势即同,则积不容异.意思是:夹在两个平行平面之间的两个等高的几何体被平行于这两个面的平面去截,若截面积相等,则两个几何体的体积相等,这个定理的推广是:夹在两个平行平面间的几何体,被平行于这两个平面的平面所截,若截得两个截面面积比为k ,则两个几何体的体积比也为k .已知线段AB 长为4,直线l 过点A 且与AB 垂直,以B 为圆心,以1为半径的圆绕l 旋转一周,得到环体;以A ,B 分别为上M 下底面的圆心,以1为上下底面半径的圆柱体N ;过AB 且与l 垂直的平面为,平面,且距β//αβ离为h ,若平面截圆柱体N 所得截面面积为,平面截环体所得截面面积为,我们可以α1S αM 2S 求出的比值,进而求出环体体积为________.12S S M 【答案】28π【分析】画出示意图的截面,结合图形可得和的值,进而求出圆柱的体积,乘以,可得环1S 2S 2π体的体积,得到答案.M 【详解】画出示意图,可得,14S ==222ππS r r =-外内其中,,(224r =外(224r =内故,即,21π2πS S ==1212πS S =环体体积为.M 22π2π4π8πV =⨯=柱故答案为:28π四、解答题17.如图所示,在中D 、F 分别是BC 、AC 的中点,,,.ABC 23AE AD =AB a =AC b = (1)用,表示向量,;a bAD BF (2)求证:B ,E ,F 三点共线.【答案】(1),()12AD a b =+ 12BF b a=-(2)证明见解析【分析】(1)由向量的线性运算法则求解;(2)用,表示向量、,证明它们共线即可得证.a bBF BE 【详解】(1)∵,,D ,F 分别是BC ,AC 的中点,AB a =AC b = ∴,()()111222AD AB BD AB BC AB AC AB a b=+=+=+-=+ ,12BF AF AB b a=-=- (2)由(1),,∴1233BE b a =- 12BF b a=-1312322332BF b a b a BE ⎛⎫=-=-= ⎪⎝⎭∴与共线,又∵与有公共点B ,BF BE BF BE故B ,E ,F 三点共线.18.在中,a ,b ,c 分别是角A 、B 、C 的对边,且.ABC222a b c +=+(1)求C ;(2)若,求A .tan 2tan B a cC c -=【答案】(1)45C =︒(2)75A =︒【分析】(1)由余弦定理即可求解,(2)利用正弦定理边角互化,结合两角和的正弦公式即可得,进而可求解.60B =︒【详解】(1)∵,∴,∴,222a b c +=+2222a b c ab +-=cos C =由于C 是三角形内角,∴.45C =︒(2)由正弦定理可得,tan 22sin sin tan sin B a c A CC c C --==∴sin cos 2sin sin cos sin sin B C A CB C C -=∴,∴,sin cos 2sin cos sin cos B C A B C B =-sin cos sin cos 2sin cos B C C B A B +=∴,∴.()sin 2sin cos B C A B+=sin(π)sin 2sin cos A A A B ==-∵,∴,sin 0A ≠1cos 2B =由于B 是三角形内角 ,∴,则.60B =︒180456075A ︒-︒-︒==︒19.如图,数轴的交点为,夹角为,与轴、轴正向同向的单位向量分别是.由平面,x y O θx y 21,e e 向量基本定理,对于平面内的任一向量,存在唯一的有序实数对,使得,OP(),x y 12OP xe ye =+ 我们把叫做点在斜坐标系中的坐标(以下各点的坐标都指在斜坐标系中的坐标).(),x y P xOy xOy(1)若为单位向量,且与的夹角为,求点的坐标;90,OP θ=OP 1e 120 P(2)若,点的坐标为,求向量与的夹角的余弦值.45θ=P (OP 1e【答案】(1)1,2⎛- ⎝【分析】(1)时,坐标系为平面直角坐标系,设点利用求出,再90θ= xOy (),P x y 112⋅=- OP e x 利用模长公式计算可得答案;(2)根据向量的模长公式计算可得答案.,12==OP e e 1⋅OP e【详解】(1)当时,坐标系为平面直角坐标系,90θ=xOy 设点,则有,而,(),P x y (),OP x y =()111,0,e OP e x=⋅=又,所以,又因,111cos1202OP e OP e ⋅=⋅⋅=- 12x =-1OP ==解得的坐标是;y =P 1,2⎛- ⎝(2)依题意夹角为,21,e e 12121245,cos45⋅=⋅==e e e e OP e e12OP e e ∴====,()2111121121cos ,2OP e OP e OP e e e e e e e αα⋅=⋅⋅=⋅=+⋅=+⋅=2,cos αα==20.如图所示,在四棱锥中,平面,,E 是的中点.P ABCD -//BC PAD 12BC AD =PD(1)求证:;//BC AD (2)若M 是线段上一动点,则线段上是否存在点N ,使平面?说明理由.CE AD //MN PAB 【答案】(1)证明见解析;(2)存在,理由见解析.【分析】(1)根据线面平行的性质定理即可证明;(2)取中点N ,连接,,根据线面平行的性质定理和判断定理即可证明.AD CN EN 【详解】证明:(1)在四棱锥中,平面,平面,P ABCD -//BC PAD BC ⊂ABCD 平面平面,ABCD ⋂PAD AD =∴,//BC AD (2)线段存在点N ,使得平面,理由如下:AD //MN PAB取中点N ,连接,,AD CN EN ∵E ,N 分别为,的中点,PD AD ∴,//EN PA ∵平面,平面,EN ⊄PAB PA ⊂PAB ∴平面,//EN PAB 取AP 中点F,连结EF,BF ,,且,//EF AN =EF AN 因为,,//BC AD 12BC AD =所以,且,//BC EF =BC EF 所以四边形BCEF 为平行四边形,所以.//CE BF 又面PAB ,面PAB ,所以平面;CE ⊄BF ⊂//CE PAB 又,CE EN E = ∴平面平面,//CEN PAB ∵M 是上的动点,平面,CE MN ⊂CEN ∴平面PAB ,//MN ∴线段存在点N ,使得MN ∥平面.AD PAB 21.合肥一中云上农舍有三处苗圃,分别位于图中的三个顶点,已知,ABCAB AC ==.为了解决三个苗圃的灌溉问题,现要在区域内(不包括边界)且与B ,C 等距的40m BC =ABC 一点O 处建立一个蓄水池,并铺设管道OA 、OB 、OC.(1)设,记铺设的管道总长度为,请将y 表示为的函数;OBC θ∠=m y θ(2)当管道总长取最小值时,求的值.θ【答案】(1)()202sin π200cos 4y θθθ-⎛⎫=+<< ⎪⎝⎭(2)π6θ=【分析】(1)根据锐角三角函数即可表示,,进而可求解,20cos BO θ=20sin cos OD θθ=(2)利用,结合三角函数的最值可得.2sin cos k θθ-=k 【详解】(1)由于,在的垂直平分线 上,AB AC ==,OB OC O =∴BC AD 若设,则, ∴OBC θ∠=20cos BO θ=20sin cos OD θθ=20sin 20cos OA θθ=-则;()202sin 202020tan 2200cos cos 4y θπθθθθ-⎛⎫=-+⨯=+<< ⎪⎝⎭(2)令得2sin cos k θθ-=2cos sin k θθ=+≤故,又,故23k≥0k >k ≥min2020y =+此时:得2sin cos θθ-=πsin 2sin 23θθθ⎛⎫+=+= ⎪⎝⎭πsin 13θ⎛⎫+= ⎪⎝⎭又,故,故π0,4θ⎛⎫∈ ⎪⎝⎭ππ32θ+=π6θ=22.数学史上著名的波尔约-格维也纳定理:任意两个面积相等的多边形,它们可以通过相互拼接得到.它由法卡斯·波尔约(FarksBolyai )和保罗·格维也纳(PaulGerwien )两位数学家分别在1833年和1835年给出证明.现在我们来尝试用平面图形拼接空间图形,使它们的全面积都与原平面图形的面积相等:(1)给出两块相同的正三角形纸片(如图1、图2),其中图1,沿正三角形三边中点连线折起,可拼得一个正三棱锥;图2,正三角形三个角上剪出三个相同的四边形(阴影部分),其较长的一组邻边边长为三角形边长的,有一组对角为直角,余下部分按虚线折起,可成一个14缺上底的正三棱柱,而剪出的三个相同的四边形恰好拼成这个正三棱锥的上底.(1)试比较图1与图2剪拼的正三棱锥与正三棱柱的体积的大小;(2)如果给出的是一块任意三角形的纸片(如图3),要求剪拼成一个直三棱柱模型,使它的全面积与给出的三角形的面积相等.请仿照图2设计剪拼方案,用虚线标示在图3中,并作简要说明.【答案】(1)柱锥V V>(2)答案见解析【分析】(1)根据题中的操作过程,结合棱锥、棱锥的体积进行求解比较即可;(2)根据题中操作过程,结合三角形内心的性质、直三棱柱的定义进行操作即可.【详解】(1)依上面剪拼方法,有.柱锥V V >推理如下:设给出正三角形纸片的边长为2,那么,正三棱锥与正三棱柱的底面都是边长为1的正如图所示:在正四面体中,高,DO ===在图2一顶处的四边形中,如图所示:直三棱柱高,()π11tan tan 21622PN PMN MN =∠⋅=⨯⨯-==,13V V h h ⎛⎫-=-= ⎪⎝⎭柱锥柱锥0=>∴.柱锥V V >(2)如图,分别连接三角形的内心与各顶点,得三条线段,再以这三条线段的中点为顶点作三角形.以新作的三角形为直棱柱的底面,过新三角形的三个顶点向原三角形三边作垂线,沿六条垂线剪下三个四边形,可以拼成直三棱柱的上底,余下部分按虚线折起,成为一个缺上底的直三棱柱,再将三个四边形拼成上底即可得到直三棱柱.。
山东省青岛市重点中学2022-2023学年高一下学期期中考试语文试题(含答案)
青岛市重点中学2022-2023学年高一下学期期中考试语文试题2023.4本卷分第Ⅰ卷(选择题)和第Ⅱ卷(非选择题)两部分满分150分,考试时间150分钟注意事项:(请考生答题前先看清试卷和答题卡上的注意事项或说明。
)试题答案全部答到答题卡上,在草稿纸、试题卷上答题无效,考试结束时只交答题卡。
一、现代文阅读(35分)(一)现代文阅读I(本题共5小题,19分)阅读下面的文字,完成下面小题。
材料一:从古至今,无论是文学名著还是戏剧经典,总是以令人难忘的经典艺术形象征服读者、观众,并在历史长河中留下深刻印记。
回顾中国文学史,大量传世经典之作往往与经典人物形象合而为一、彼此成就,小说、戏剧尤为突出。
大约在金元之际,元杂尉形成并逐渐流行起来,而关汉卿等具有较高文化修养的专业编剧队伍的出现,使人物刻画实现了新的突破与提高。
关汉卿的代表作之一《窦娥冤》对主人公窦娥的塑造可谓登峰造极。
这样一个经典人物形象之所以流传至今,原因在于作者借“窦娥”之经历揭示了深刻的社会问题,抨击了封建社会对贫苦老百姓的残酷压迫,表达了广大民众对公平秩序和安宁生活的向往。
我国成就最高、影响最大的古代小说作品莫过于“四大名著”,它们成功的原因就在于丰富的人物图谱吸引人、感染人、打动人。
比如在《三国演义》中,智慧多谋的诸葛亮、宽厚仁爱的刘备、雄豪奸诈的曹操……这些“脸谱化”“类型化”的极致刻画成为某种典型形象的代名词,一直为后世传颂。
而《水浒传》在塑造人物方面又有新的突破,“人有其性情,人有其气质,人有其形状,人有其声口”(金圣叹评),无论是108位梁山好汉,还是高俅等大小人物形象,其身份、经历、说话习惯等各有特点,人物的丰富性也有明显体现,比如鲁智深虽暴烈,却常常粗中有细、机智过人。
到了明清,《西游记》《红楼梦》等作品掀起了白话小说流行新高潮,尤其在神魔刻画、人物的成长描写等方面极大地丰富了中国文学史,对后世创作产生了深远影响。
早在中国共产党成立之初,早期共产党人就对文艺工作格外重视。
2022-2023学年安徽省合肥市高一下学期期中检测数学试题【含答案】
2022-2023学年安徽省合肥市高一下学期期中检测数学试题一、单选题1.已知集合,,则( ){}14A x x =-≤≤(){}2ln 4B x y x==-A B ⋃=A .B .[)1,2-[]1,4-C .D .(]2,4-(][),12,-∞-⋃+∞【答案】C【分析】先化简集合B ,再去求即可解决.A B ⋃【详解】因为,(){}{}2ln 422B x y x x x ==-=-<<则,{}{}{}142224A B x x x x x x ⋃==-≤≤⋃-<<=-<≤故选:C2.下列说法中正确的是A .圆锥的轴截面是等边三角形B .用一个平面去截棱锥,一定会得到一个棱锥和一个棱台C .将一个等腰梯形绕着它的较长的底边所在的直线旋转一周,所围成的几何体是由一个圆台和两个圆锥组合而成D .有两个面平行,其余各面都是四边形,并且每相邻两个四边形的公共边都互相平行的几何体叫棱柱【答案】D【分析】根据圆锥的结构特征即可判断A 选项;根据棱台的定义即可判断选项B;结合圆柱、圆锥、圆台的旋转特征,举出反例即可判断选项C ;由棱柱的定义即可判断选项D.【详解】圆锥的轴截面是两腰等于母线长的等腰三角形,A 错误;只有用一个平行于底面的平面去截棱锥,才能得到一个棱锥和一个棱台,B 错误;等腰梯形绕着它的较长的底边所在的直线旋转一周的几何体,是由一个圆柱和两个圆锥组合而成,故C 错误;由棱柱的定义得,有两个面平行,其余各面都是四边形,并且每相邻两个四边形的公共边都互相平行的几何体叫棱柱,故D 正确.【点睛】解决空间几何体结构特征问题的3个策略(1)把握几何体的结构特征,提高空间想象力.(2)构建几何模型、变换模型中的线面关系.(3)通过反例对结构特征进行辨析.3.在边长为2的正方形ABCD 中,( )()AB AD CD -⋅=A .-4B .-2C .2D .4【答案】A【分析】作出图形,利用向量的三角形法则与数量积运算即可求得结果.【详解】根据题意,如图可知,,2DC = =45BDC ∠=︒.()AB AD CD DB CD DB DC -⋅=⋅=-⋅cos 2cos 454DB DC BDC =-⋅∠=-︒=-故选:A .【点睛】4.在中,,,.则ABC π3B =8AB =5BC =外接圆的面积为( )ABC A .B .C .D .49π316π47π315π【答案】A【分析】设外接圆的半径为,由余弦定理可得,再由正弦定理得可得答案.ABC R AC R 【详解】设外接圆的半径为,ABC R 由余弦定理可得,2222cos AC AB BC AB BC B =+-⨯即,所以,216425285492=+-⨯⨯⨯=AC 7AC =由正弦定理得,所以2sin ===AC RB R =则外接圆的面积为.ABC 249ππ3=R 故选:A.5.刘徽构造的几何模型“牟合方盖”中说:“取立方棋八枚,皆令立方一寸,积之为立方二寸.规之为圆,径二寸,高二寸,又复横规之,则其形有似牟合方盖矣.”牟合方盖是一个正方体被两个圆柱从纵横两侧面作内切圆柱体时的两圆柱体的公共部分,计算其体积的方法是将原来的“牟合方盖”平均分为八份,取它的八分之一(如图一).记正方形OABC 的边长为r ,设,过P 点作平面OP h =PQRS 平行于平面OABC .,由勾股定理有PQRS 面OS OQ r ==PS PQ ==积是.如果将图一的几何体放在棱长为r 的正方体内(如图二),不难证明图二中与图一等22r h -高处阴影部分的面积等于.(如图三)设此棱锥顶点到平行于底面的截面的高度为h ,不难发现2h 对于任何高度h ,此截面面积必为,根据祖暅原理计算牟合方盖体积( )2h 注:祖暅原理:“幂势既同,则积不容异”、意思是两个同高的立体图形,如在等高处的截面积相等,则体积相等.A .B .C .D .383r 38π3r 3163r 316π3r 【答案】C【分析】计算出正方体的体积,四棱锥的体积,根据祖暅原理可得图一中几何体体积,从而得结论.【详解】棱锥,V 23111333Sh r r r ==⨯⨯=由祖暅原理图二中牟合方盖外部的体积等于棱锥V 313r =所以图1中几何体体积为,3331233V r r r =-=所以牟合方盖体积为.31683V r =故选:C .6.已知函数,若函数在有且仅有两个零()()π12sin sin cos 2032f x x x x ωωωω⎛⎫=++-> ⎪⎝⎭()f x []0,π点,则实数的取值范围是( )ωA .B .1117,66⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭1117,66⎡⎫⎪⎢⎣⎭C .D .1117,1212⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭1117,1212⎡⎫⎪⎢⎣⎭【答案】D【分析】由三角恒等变换化简函数解析式为,由可计算出的()πsin 26f x x ω⎛⎫=+ ⎪⎝⎭0πx ≤≤π26x ω+取值范围,再根据已知条件可得出关于的不等式,解之即可.ω【详解】因为()112sin sin cos 222f x x x x x ωωωω⎛⎫=++- ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭211cos 21cos sin cos 22cos 2222x x x x x x x ωωωωωωω-=++-=++-,1π2cos 2sin 226x x x ωωω⎛⎫=+=+ ⎪⎝⎭当时,,0πx ≤≤πππ22π666x ωω≤+≤+因为函数函数在有且仅有两个零点,则,解得.()f x []0,ππ2π2π3π6ω≤+<11171212ω≤<故选:D.7.已知O 为的外心,,则的值为( )ABC 3450++=OA OB OC cos ABC ∠A B C D 【答案】A【分析】设的外接圆的半径为R ,将平方后求出,找到ABC 3450++= OA OB OC 3cos 5AOC ∠=-,利用二倍角公式求出2AOC ABC =∠∠cos ABC∠【详解】设的外接圆的半径为R ,ABC ∵,3450++=OA OB OC ∴,且圆心在三角形内部,354OA OC OB +=-∴()()22354OA OCOB+=- ∴,()()()2229253016OA OCOA OC OB++⋅= ∴222292530cos 16R R R AOC R++∠=3cos 5AOC ∴∠=-根据圆心角等于同弧对应的圆周角的两倍得: 2AOC ABC =∠∠∴232cos 1cos 5ABC AOC ∠-=∠=-解得cos ABC ∠故选:A【点睛】方法点睛:(1)树立“基底”意识,利用基向量进行线性运算;(2)求向量夹角通常用,还要注意角的范围.cos ,||||a ba b a b ⋅=⨯8.若函数的定义域为,是偶函数,且.则下列说法正确的()f x R ()21f x +()()226f x f x -++=个数为( )①的一个周期为2;()f x ②;()223f =③的一条对称轴为;()f x 5x =④.()()()121957f f f +++= A .1B .2C .3D .4【答案】C【分析】根据给定条件,结合奇偶函数的定义,可得,,由(2)()f x f x -=(2)(2)0f x f x -+++=此推理计算即可判断各命题作答.【详解】对于①:是偶函数,设,得,()21f x +2t x =()()11f t f t +=-+因,所以,故,()()226f x f x -++=()()46f x f x +-=()()136f t f t ++-=故,即,故,()()136f t f t -++-=()()26f x f x ++=()()246f x f x +++=所以,所以的一个周期为4,故①错误.()()4f x f x =+()f x 对于②:由于,令,得.()()226f x f x -++=0x =()23f =.故②正确.()()()2245223f f f =⨯+==对于③:由知函数的一条对称轴为,因为的一个周期为4,所以也(2)()f x f x -=1x =()f x 5x =是函数的一条对称轴,故③正确.()f x 对于④:因,得,即.()23f =(2)()f x f x -=()03f =()43f =因,所以,()()226f x f x -++=()()136f f +=,故④正确()()()()()()()()()12195123420512457f f f f f f f f f +++=+++-=⨯-=⎡⎤⎣⎦ 故选:C.二、多选题9.设向量,,则( )(2,0)a = (1,1)b = A .B .与的夹角是=a ba b 4πC .D .与同向的单位向量是()a b b-⊥ b 11,22⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭【答案】BC 【分析】由条件算出,,即可判断A ,算出的值可判断B ,算出的值可判断abcos ,a b()a b b -⋅C ,与同向的单位向量是,可判断D.b 【详解】因为,,(2,0)a = (1,1)b =所以A 错误2a =因为,所以与的夹角是,故B 正确cos ,a b a b a b ⋅===⋅a b4π因为,所以,故C正确()()()1,11,1110a b b -⋅=-⋅=-=()a b b -⊥ 与同向的单位向量是,故D 错误b故选:BC10.已知复数,为的共轭复数,则下列结论正确的是( )z =z z A .B .z ||1z =C .为纯虚数D .在复平面上对应的点在第四象限.3z z 【答案】BD【分析】先利用复数的除法得到,再利用复数的虚部概念判定选项A错误,利用模长12z =公式判定选项B 正确,利用复数的乘方运算得到,再利用复数的分类判定选项C 错误,利用共3z 轭复数的概念、复数的几何意义判定选项D 正确.【详解】因为,12z ====则A 错误;z,即选项B 正确;||1z ==因为,所以12z =3323119(i 288z ==+,即为实数,19188=-=-3z 即选项C 错误;因为,所以,12z =12z =则在复平面上对应的点 在第四象限,z 1(,2即选项D 正确.故选:BD.11.已知函数,下列说法正确的是( )()()sin cos sin cos f x x x x x=+⋅-A .的最正周期为()f x 2πB .若,则()()122f x f x +=()12πZ 2k x x k +=∈C .在区间上是增函数()f x ππ,22⎡⎤-⎢⎥⎣⎦D .的对称轴是()y f x =()ππZ 4x k k =+∈【答案】ABD【分析】把函数化成分段函数,作出函数图象,根据图象判断AC ,由余弦函数的性质判断()f xC ,再结合图象利用函数对称性的性质判断D.【详解】依题意,,函数部分图象如图,3ππcos 2,2π2π44()(Z)π5πcos 2,2π2π44x k x k f x k x k x k ⎧-+<<+⎪⎪=∈⎨⎪-+≤≤+⎪⎩()fx 由图象知函数是周期函数,周期为,故A 正确;()f x 2π因且,则当时,且,()11f x ≤()21f x ≤()()122f x f x +=1|cos 2|1x =2|cos 2|1x =则且,,因此,,,B 正确;11π2k x =22π2k x =12,Z k k ∈1212()ππ22k k k x x ++==12Z k k k +=∈观察图象知,在区间上不单调,所以在区间上不是增函数,故C 不正确;()f x ππ,22⎡⎤-⎢⎥⎣⎦()f x ππ,22⎡⎤-⎢⎥⎣⎦观察图象知,,是函数图象的相邻两条对称轴,且相距半个周期长,π4x =3π4x =-()y f x =事实上,即图象关于ππππ()[sin()cos()]|sin()cos()|()22222f x x x x x f x π-=-+-⋅---=()y f x =对称,π4x =同理有图象关于对称,而函数的周期是,所以函数图象对称轴()y f x =3π4x =-()f x 2π()y f x =,D 正确.ππ,Z4x k k =+∈故选:ABD 12.在中,若,角的平分线交于,且,则下列说法正确的是( )ABC 3B π=B BD ACD 2BD =A .若,则B .若,则的外接圆半径是BD BC =ABC BD BC =ABC C .若,则D .BD BC =AD DCAB BC +【答案】ACD【分析】A 、B 、C 选项由已知结合正弦定理和差角公式及同角的基本关系进行变形即可判断,D 选项用角表示出结合三角恒等变换以及均值不等式即可判断.θAB BC +【详解】因为,角的平分线交于,所以,,所3B π=B BD ACD 6ABD CBD π∠=∠=2BD BC ==以,,56212C BDC πππ-∠=∠==51234A ∠=--=ππππ由正弦定理得,sin sinBC ABA C ==所以,5sin cos cos sin 112646464AB ⎛⎫⎫==+=+= ⎪⎪⎝⎭⎭πππππππ所以A 正确;)11sin 1222ABC S AB BC ABC =⋅⋅∠=⨯+⨯= 因为,所以,设的外接圆半径是,由正弦定理,,所以BD BC =4A π=ABCR 2sin BCR A ==B 错误;R =因为,由正弦定理,因为和互补,所BD BC =,sin sin sinsin 66ADAB CD BCADB BDC==∠∠ππADB∠BDC ∠以,所以C 正确;si n si n ADB BDC ∠=∠AD AB DC BC ==设,则,A θ∠=2,36C BDC ∠=-∠=+ππθθ因为,,sin sin sinsin BD AB BD BCA ADBC BDC ==∠∠所以2sin 2sin 662sin sin 3AB BC ⎛⎫⎛⎫++ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭+=+=⎛⎫- ⎪⎝⎭ππθθπθθ若,则,90θ=AB BC +==若,则()()0,9090,180∈ θ,,1tanAB BC +=θ1tan =tθ()0,t ⎛⎫∈+∞⎪ ⎪⎝⎭)1AB BC t t +===+时,≥)1+=t =t =则或或(舍去),tan θ=tan θ=3πθ=56πθ=综上:当为等边三角形时,D 正确.ABC AB BC +故选:ACD.【点睛】解三角形的基本策略:一是利用正弦定理实现“边化角”,二是利用余弦定理实现“角化边”;求三角形面积的最大值也是一种常见类型,主要方法有两类,一是找到边之间的关系,利用基本不等式求最值,二是利用正弦定理,转化为关于某个角的函数,利用函数思想求最值.三、填空题13.在中,角,,所对的边分别为,,,已知,则______.ABC A B C a b c sin cos c A C C =【答案】/3π60︒【分析】根据正弦定理,结合同角三角函数的关系求解即可【详解】由正弦定理可得,,又,故,又显然sin sin cos C A A C =sin 0A ≠sin C C =,故,故cos 0C ≠tan C =()0,C π∈3C π=故答案为:3π14.设为复数,若为实数(为虚数单位),则的最小值为___________.z (1i)z +i |2|z +【分析】设,根据为实数(为虚数单位),得到,再利用复数的模()i ,z a b a b R =+∈(1i)z +i =-b a 求解.【详解】解:设,()i ,z a b a b R =+∈则,()()(1i ,)i +=-++∈a z a b b b a R 因为为实数(为虚数单位),(1i)z +i 所以,即,0a b +==-b a所以|2|+z当时,1a =-min |2|+=z15.半径为的球的球面上有四点,已知为等边三角形且其面积为,则三棱锥4,,,A B C D ABC体积的最大值为________.D ABC -【答案】【分析】根据题意,设的中心为,三棱锥外接球的球心为,进而得当体积最ABC O 'D ABC -O 大时,点,,在同一直线上,且垂直于底面,再结合几何关系计算即可求解.D O 'O ABC 【详解】设的中心为,三棱锥外接球的球心为,ABC O 'D ABC -O 则当体积最大时,点,,在同一直线上,且垂直于底面,如图,D 'O OABC 因为为等边三角形且其面积为的边长,故,所以ABCABCx 2x =6x =,,故,'AO =4DO AO =='2OO===故三棱锥的高,所以6DO DO OO ''=+=163V =⨯=故答案为:16.已知平面向量,,满足,,,,则的最小值a b c 1a = 2b = 2aa b =⋅ 22c b c =⋅ 22c a c b -+- 为________.【答案】72【分析】令,,,OB 的中点为D ,AB 的中点为E ,OD 的中点为F ,与OA a = OB b = OC c = a的夹角为,由题意,计算C 的轨迹为以OD 为直径的圆,利用向b θπ3θ=量基底表示,将转化为,然后转()()222222+=+-- c b BCa AC c ()222243-+-=+ c b CE c a化为圆上任意一点到定点距离的最小值进而求解最小值.()222+-- c a bc 【详解】令,,,OB 的中点为D ,AB 的中点为E ,OD 的中点为F ,OA a = OB b = OC c =与的夹角为,连接CA 、CB 、CD 、CO 、EF .a bθ由,,,得,,1a = 2b = 2a a b =⋅ 112cos θ=⨯⨯1cos 2θ=因为,所以,在[]0,πθ∈π3θ=OAB 又由,得,即,22c b c =⋅ 02⎛⎫⋅-= ⎪⎝⎭b c c ()0OC OC OD OC DC ⋅-=⋅= 所以点C 的轨迹为以OD 为直径的圆.因为()()222222+=+-- c b BC a AC c 2222112422EC AB EC AB CE AB⎡⎤⎛⎫⎛⎫=++-=+⎢⎥ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎢⎥⎣⎦,22211434343722CE EF ⎫⎛⎫=+≥-+≥+=-⎪ ⎪⎪⎝⎭⎭当且仅当点C 、E 、F 共线,且点C 在点E 、F 之间时,等号成立.所以的最小值为22c a c b-+-72故答案为:72【点睛】本题解题关键是通过平面向量的几何表示,将问题转化为圆上任意一点到定点距离的最值从而根据几何知识得解.四、解答题17.已知向量,.1,2m ⎛= ⎝ (),cos sin x n x = (1)若∥,求的值;m ntan x (2)若且,求的值.13m n ⋅= π0,2x ⎛⎫∈ ⎪⎝⎭cos x 【答案】(1)【分析】(1)由两向量平行可得,即可得的值;1sin 2x x =tan x (2)由可得,进而可得求13m n ⋅=π1cos()33x +=πsin(3x +=ππcos cos[(]33x x =+-解即可.【详解】(1)解:因为∥,所以,m n 1sin 2x x= 即,sin x x =所以;tan x =(2)解:因为,13m n ⋅=即,所以,11cos 23x x =π1cos(33x +=又因为,所以,π0,2x ⎛⎫∈ ⎪⎝⎭ππ5π,336x ⎛⎫+∈ ⎪⎝⎭所以πsin(3x +=所以ππππππcos cos[(]cos()cos sin()sin 333333x x x x =+-=+++=18.如图所示,现有一张边长为的正三角形纸片ABC ,在三角形的三个角沿图中虚线剪去三10cm 个全等的四边形,,(剪去的四边形均有一组对角为直角),然后把三个矩11ADA F 11BD B E 11CE C F 形,,折起,构成一个以为底面的无盖正三棱柱.111A B D D111B C E E 111A C FF 111A B C(1)若所折成的正三棱柱的底面边长与高之比为3,求该三棱柱的高;(2)求所折成的正三棱柱的表面积为【答案】m(2)12 3cm【分析】(1)设出,表达出,利用正三棱柱的底面边长与高之比求出的长,即为该三棱1A D 11A B 1A D 柱的高;(2)设出,表达出,表达出所折成的正三棱柱的表面积,求出的长,进而求出该三棱柱1A D 11A B 1A D 的体积.【详解】(1)由题意及几何知识得,设, 则,.1A D x=AD=1110A B =-因为,1113A B A D ==所以x =∴.m(2)由题意,(1)及几何知识得,正三棱柱的表面积为设, 则,,1A D x=AD =1110A B=-∴表面积())221111331010S A D DDA B x =⋅=⋅--=解得:x =∴,,1A D =3AD ==11104A B =-=∴该三棱柱的体积为:22111412V A B A D =⋅==3cm 19.已知为三角形的一个内角,复数,且满足.θcos isin z θθ=+11z +=(1)求;21z z ++(2)设z ,,在复平面上对应的点分别为A ,B ,C ,求的面积.2z -21z z ++ABC 【答案】(1)0【分析】(1)由求出,得出,再由复数的四则运算求;11z +=cos θz 21z z ++(2)求出复数对应复平面上点的坐标,计算三角形的边长,利用三角形面积公式求解.【详解】(1)且,1(cos 1)isin z θθ+=++ 11z +=,22(cos 1)sin 22cos 1θθθ∴++=+=且,1cos 2θ∴=-(0,π)θ∈1sin 2z θ∴==-,2131442z ∴=-=-.21111022z z ∴++=--=(2)复数,,,12z =-122(12z -=--=210z z ++=在复平面上对应的点分别为,1((0,0)2A B C -,,1CA ∴=2CB =AB =由余弦定理可得,2221431cos 2222CA CB AB ACB CA CB +-+-∠===⋅⨯且,(0,π)ACB ∠∈sin ACB ∴∠=.11sin 1222ABC S CA CB ACB ∴=⋅⋅∠=⨯⨯=△20.已知函数(,且).()x xk f x a ka -=+Z k ∈0a >1a ≠(1)若,求的值;11()32f =1(2)f (2)若为定义在上的奇函数,且,是否存在实数,使得()k f x R 01a <<m 0对任意的恒成立,若存在,请写出实数的取值范围;若不()21(5)k k f mx mx f m --+->[1,3]x ∈m 存在,请说明理由.【答案】(1)47;(2)存在,.6(,)7-∞【分析】(1),由此计算即可计算的值.3=1a a +1(2)f (2)由给定条件求出,再探求函数的单调性,然后脱去函数对应法则,分离参数并求出函数k ()k f x 最值作答.【详解】(1)依题意,,由,两边平方得,解1()xxf x a a -=+11(32f =3=129a a ++=得,17a a +=所以.22211(2)()247f a a a a -=+=+-=(2)因为定义在上的奇函数,则,,即,()k f x R R x ∀∈()()0k k f x f x -+=0x x x xa ka a ka --+++=则,而,解得,因此,,(01)()x x k a a -++=0x x a a -+>1k =-()1x x f x a a --=-因,则在上单调递减,在上单调递增,从而得在上单调递减,01a <<x a R xa -R ()1x xf x a a --=-R ()()()()()2211111150155f mx mx f m f mx mx f m f m -------+->⇔-->--=-,而,则,2215(1)6mx mx m x x m --<-⇔-+<⇔22131()024x x x -+=-+>261m x x <-+依题意,,成立,显然在上单调递增,在上单调[1,3]x ∀∈261m x x <-+21x x -+[1,3]261x x -+[1,3]递减,则当时,,于是得,3x =min 2166()7x x =-+67m <所以存在实数满足条件,的取值范围是.m m 6(,7-∞21.已知满足.ABC ()22sin sin 2sin sin sin C B A A C B -=-(1)试问:角是否可能为直角?请说明理由;B (2)若为锐角三角形,求的取值范围.ABC sin sin CA 【答案】(1)角不可能为直角,理由见解析B (2)15,33⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭【分析】(1)使用反证法,假设角为直角,根据题目条件证明假设不成立,得到角不可能为直B B 角;(2)将的取值范围转化为的取值范围,通过为锐角三角形,列出关sin sin CA sin (0)sin C c t t A a ==>ABC 于的不等式,进而求得结果.t 【详解】(1)假设角为直角,则,B π2A C +=所以,sin cos ,sin cos A C C A ==因为,()22sin sin 2sin sin sin C B A A C B-=-所以,2cos cos 2sin cos 1A A A A =-所以,所以,1cos2sin21A A +=-πsin 24A ⎛⎫-= ⎪⎝⎭显然,所以矛盾,故假设不成立,πsin 214A ⎛⎫-≤ ⎪⎝⎭所以角不可能为直角.B (2)因为,()22sin sin 2sin sin sin C B A A C B-=-所以,22sin sin cos 2sin cos sin 2sin sin sin C B A C B A A C B -=-由正弦定理,得,22cos 2cos 2bc A ac B ac b -=-由余弦定理化简,得,22322b ac a =+因为为锐角三角形,ABC 所以π02π02π02A B C ⎧<<⎪⎪⎪<<⎨⎪⎪<<⎪⎩222222222cos 00cos 00,cos 00A b c a B a c b C a b c ⎧⎧>+->⎪⎪⇒>⇒+->⎨⎨⎪⎪>+->⎩⎩令,则有,sin (0)sin C c t t A a ==>222321032103250t t t t t t ⎧+->⎪-+>⇒⎨⎪-++>⎩113R 513t t t t ⎧><-⎪⎪∈⎨⎪⎪-<<⎩或1533t ⇒<<所以的取值范围为.sin sin CA 15,33⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭22.如图所示的两边,,设是的重心,边上的高为,过的ABC 1BC =2AC =G ABC BC AH G 直线与,分别交于,,已知,;AB AC E F AE AB λ= AF AC μ=(1)求的值;11λμ+(2)若,,,求的值;1cos 4C =920AEFABCS S =△△λμ>()()EH AF HF EA+⋅+(3)若的最大值为,求边的长.BF CE ⋅ 518-AB 【答案】(1)3(2)321100-(3)2【分析】(1)利用重心的性质以及三点共线的充要条件即可求解(2)先解出与,λμ再利用解三角形的知识求出和,最后将化简即可求解(3)以和EF AH ()()EH AF HF EA+⋅+AB 为基底表示,引入参数,通过分类讨论求解ACBF CE ⋅ 1,22t λη⎡⎤=∈⎢⎥⎣⎦【详解】(1),1AE AB AB AEλλ=⇒= 1AF AC AC AB μμ=⇒= 如图所示,连接并延长交于点,则为中点AG BC D D BC 因为为重心G ABC 所以()22111113323333AG AD AB AC AB AC AE AFλμ⎡⎤==+=+=+⎢⎥⎣⎦ 因为,,起点相同,终点共线AG AEAF 所以,所以11133λμ+=113λμ+=(2)设角,,所对的边分别为,,,,A B C a b c ∴1a =2b =22212cos 1421244c a b ab C =+-=+-⨯⨯⨯=2c ∴=()11sin sin 22AEF S AE AF EAF AB AC EAF λμ=⨯⨯∠=⨯⨯∠△1sin 2ABC S AB AC BAC =⨯⨯∠△所以,920AEF ABCS S λμ∆==△由解之得113920λμλμ⎧+=⎪⎪⎨⎪=⎪⎩3435λμ⎧=⎪⎪⎨⎪=⎪⎩33362,24255AE AF ∴=⨯==⨯=在中ABC 2227cos 28b c a A bc +-==在,,AEF △222272cos 50EF AE AF AE AF A =+-⨯⨯=在,中Rt AHC sin AH AC C =⨯=EH AF AH AE AF AH EF+=-+=+HF EA AF AH AE EF AH+=--=- ==()()()()22EH AF HF EA EF AH EF AH EF AH∴+⋅+=+⋅-=- 2715504-321100-(3)()()()221cos BF CE AC AB AB AC bc A c b μλλμλμ⋅=-⋅-=+--==2231432c c λμλμ++⎛⎫+⋅-- ⎪⎝⎭22235321266c c c λμ⎛⎫+---+ ⎪⎝⎭=222353211112663c c c λμλη⎛⎫⎛⎫+--=-++⨯⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭()()222532115121818c c c λμμλ⎡⎤--⎢⎥=+-+⎢⎥⎣⎦令, 1,22t λη⎡⎤=∈⎢⎥⎣⎦BF CE ∴⋅=()()2221511532121818c c t c t ⎡⎤+--+-⎢⎥⎣⎦①,3c ≤<1,22⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦,得:()2max15218c BFCE⋅=+185=-42452924480c c -+=解得:2c =②若1c <2>==,()222max 15121253218182c cBF CE c ⎡⎤-⋅=+-+-⎢⎥⎣⎦ 219436c -518-解得:(舍去)2199c =综上可得:2c =。
黑龙江省哈尔滨市重点中学高一下学期期中语文试题(解析版)
黑龙江省哈尔滨市重点中学高一下学期期中语文试题(解析版)高一下学期期中考试语文试卷2023.5.18试卷满分:150分考试时间:8:00—10:30一、现代文阅读(一)现代文阅读I阅读下面的文字,完成下面小题。
材料一:盛唐气象最突出的特点就是朝气蓬勃,而朝气蓬勃也是盛唐时代的性格。
盛唐气象是思想感情,也是艺术形象,在这里思想性与艺术性获得了高度统一。
有人认为只有揭露黑暗才是有思想性的作品,这是不全面的,应该说属于人民的作品才是有思想性的作品,而属于人民的作品不一定总是描述黑暗。
如屈原最有代表性的作品《离骚》,给我们最深刻的印象是强烈追求理想、追求光明,很少具体描述黑暗面。
作者究竟是带着更多黑暗的重压,还是带着更多光明的展望来歌唱,这在形象上是不同的,这事实上正是一个时代精神面貌的反映。
盛唐气象正是歌唱了人民喜爱的正面的东西,反映了时代中人民力量的高涨,这是盛唐气象所具有的时代性格特征。
它是属于人民的,是与黑暗力量、保守势力相敌对的,这就是它的思想性。
盛唐时代是一个统一的时代,是一个生活和平繁荣发展的时代,它不同于战国时代,生活中没有那么多的惊险变化,因此在性情上也就更为平易开朗。
《楚辞》比《国风》复杂得多、曲折得多,而唐诗与《国风》更为接近。
这一深入浅出而气象蓬勃的风格,正是盛唐诗歌所独有的。
李白的《将进酒》:“君不见黄河之水天上来……五花马,千金袭,呼儿将出换美酒,与尔同销万古愁。
”如果单从字面上看,已经是“万古愁”了,感情还不沉重吗?然而正是这“万古愁”才够得上盛唐气象,才能说明它与“前不见古人,后不见来者。
念天地之悠悠,独怆然而涕下!”(陈子昂《登幽州台歌》)的气象可以匹敌,有着联系;才能说明盛唐的诗歌高潮比陈子昂的时代更为气象万千。
我们如果以为“白发三千丈”“同销万古愁”仅仅是说愁之多、愁之长,也还是停留在字面之上,更深入理解,会发现这个形象的充沛饱满,这才是盛唐气象真正的造诣。
李煜《虞美人》:“问君能有几多愁,恰似一江春水向东流。
山西省太原市2023-2024学年高一下学期期中学业诊断语文试卷(含答案)
太原市2023-2024学年高一下学期期中学业诊断语文试卷(考试时间:上午10:00——12:00)说明:本试卷为闭卷笔答,答题时间120分钟,满分100分。
题号一二三四总分得分注:将选择题的答案填到下面的答题栏内。
题号12478912答案一、现代文阅读(20分)(一)现代文阅读Ⅰ(本题共3小题,8分)阅读下面的文字,完成1-3题。
过年期间,汽水可以说是家家户户必备的年货之一了。
不知道大家有没有注意过所有汽水瓶的底部都是五瓣花的形状?有人说,这就是为了少装点饮料,或者是为了形状好看,然而,事实并非如此简单。
追溯汽水瓶的历史,我们发现,早期的汽水瓶是玻璃材质,采用平底设计。
然而,使用过程中发现平底的瓶子特别容易倒塌,不仅不稳定,而且倒塌时振荡的瓶身还容易使碳酸气泡逸出。
为了解决这些问题,设计师们开始尝试不同的底部形状。
在1978年,世界第一次出现PET材质的可回收塑料瓶子,底部采用五瓣花形状设计。
时至今日,五瓣花形底部的塑料瓶包装汽水仍然畅销全国,这种设计也被证明了是最理想的选择。
从化学角度来看,碳酸饮料中溶解的二氧化碳极不稳定,在经过外部摇晃或存在明显的温度变化时,二氧化碳气体会大量逸出,从而造成密闭的饮料瓶内气体体积剧烈增大,对瓶身产生巨大压力。
另外,只要你细心观察就一定会发现,塑料包装的汽水瓶瓶底通常印刷有“PET”的材料标注。
与玻璃材料相比,PET材料硬度很低,受强压会更容易发生破裂或爆炸,有很大的安全隐患。
所以瓶内压力要通过凹入式设计在瓶底分散平衡。
五个凸起的结构可以将外部施加的压力分散到更大的表面积上,从而降低了单位面积上的压力,减轻了瓶底的压力负荷,使得汽水瓶在外力搬运或者人为摇晃时可以更加稳定,不容易爆瓶或者漏气,从而延长汽水的保质期。
并且塑料瓶就算是在寒冷的冬季横跨南北,运输过程中温差巨大的情况下也不会影响瓶身的坚固。
当然,五瓣花形的底座从力学角度上分析也能看出具有更稳定的放置效果。
高一下语文期中测试题
高一下语文期中测试题一、单项选择题1.对下面语段中的四句话是否有语病的分析,不正确...的一项是()在今天,①拥有一部电脑就如同好比拥有整个世界。
于是,有的人开始厌倦纸质图书,更愿意在网上快速阅读。
但是网上阅读好像乘火车出差,直来直去,毫无悬念;而阅读纸质图书则好像坐牛车去姥姥家,慢悠悠地观景赏花,心含喜悦。
②对纸质图书的命运,即使怎样担忧,我都始终抱有希望,因为只要你想借助阅读享受快乐,这种传统阅读方式就永远不会消亡。
而且,③随着整个社会浮躁心态的改变,使传统阅读方式将会受到大众的钟爱。
目前,④古典著作图书受到读者追逐,就是最好的印证。
A.第①句没有语病。
B.第②句中关联词使用错误。
C.第③句成分残缺。
D.第④句搭配不当。
2.下列各句中加点的词语与括号内的词语替换,不正确...的一项是()A.希望大家不要再为难他了,不要再对他为什么受伤这件事刨根..问底..了。
(打破砂锅问到底)B.现实生活中,常常有些干部便是“能交差就行”,对工作中出现的问题不求甚解,将自己的工作看成是一种负担,得过且过....,说到底这都是工作态度问题。
(当一天和尚撞一天钟)C.拖泥带水....、支离破碎、死气沉沉的语文课堂依然存在,因此,语文教育呼唤一种生命化、创新化、最优化的课堂教学形式。
(拔出萝卜带出泥)D.学习是一个滴水石...穿.、循序渐进的过程,这不像其他事情可以来个突击行动,就可以有质的提升。
(冰冻三尺非一日之寒)3.下列词语或句子中没有..错别字的一项是()A.倜怅锲而不舍蜿蜒无精打彩B.风声谈笑风声质疑不容置疑C.改革开放三十年,湖州地区发生了天翻地复的变化。
D这种东西没有流行到市面上来,很快就销声匿迹了。
4.对下列广告语的赏析,不正确...的一项是()A.飞利浦电动剃须刀:显然刚被飞利浦吻了一下。
——用了拟人的手法,将剃须刀人格化,赋予剃须刀人情味。
一个”吻”字”吻”出了须刀的温柔体贴,”吻”出了顾客対剃须刀的品质的信赖。
北京市中国人民大学附属中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期中练习数学试题
人大附中2023~2024学年度第二学期高一年级数学期中练习2024年4月23日制卷人:宁少华王鼎审卷人:吴中才说明:本试卷共六道大题,共7页,满分150分,考试时间120分钟第Ⅰ卷(共18题,满分100分)一、选择题(本大题共10小题,每小题4分,共40分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的,请将正确答案填涂在答题纸上的相应位置.)1.在平行四边形ABCD 中,BA DA += ()A.CAB.ACC.BDD.DB【答案】A 【解析】【分析】利用向量加法的平行四边形法则求解即得.【详解】在ABCD Y 中,,BA CD DA CB ==,所以BA DA CD CB CA +=+=.故选:A2.已知角α终边上一点(1,)P y ,若cos 5α=,则y 的值为()A.B.2C.D.2±【答案】D 【解析】【分析】利用余弦函数的定义列式计算即得.【详解】由角α终边上一点(1,)P y ,得r =,因此5cos 5α==,解得2y =±,所以y 的值为2±.故选:D3.下列函数中,既是偶函数又在区间π0,2⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭单调递增的是()A.tan y x= B.sin y x= C.cos y x= D.sin y x x=【答案】D 【解析】【分析】根据奇偶性的定义判断排除AB ,再由单调性排除C 的可得.【详解】由三角函数性质知选项AB 中函数都是奇函数,C 中函数是偶函数,但它在π(0,)2上是减函数,也排除,只有D 可选,实际上,记()sin f x x x =,则()sin()sin ()f x x x x x f x -=--==,它是偶函数,又设12π02x x <<<,则120sin sin x x <<,因此1122sin sin x x x x <,即12()()f x f x <,()f x 在π(0,)2上是增函数,满足题意.故选:D .4.已知P 为ABC 所在平面内一点,2BC CP =uuu r uur,则()A .1322AP AB AC =-+uuu r uuur uuu r B.1233AP AB AC=+C.3122AP AB AC =-uuu r uuu r uuu r D.2133AP AB AC =+uuu r uuu r uuu r 【答案】A 【解析】【分析】根据题意作出图形,利用向量线性运算即可得到答案.【详解】由题意作出图形,如图,则11()22AP AC CP AC BC AC AC AB =+=+=+-1322AB AC =-+,故选:A.5.把函数()sin 2f x x =的图象按向量π(,1)6m =- 平移后,得到新函数的解析式为()A.πsin(2)16y x =++B.πsin(2)16y x =-+C.πsin(2)13y x =++ D.πsin(213y x =-+【答案】C 【解析】【分析】把函数()f x 的图象向左平移π6个单位长度,再向上平移1个单位长度,写出解析式即可.【详解】把函数()sin 2f x x =的图象按向量π(,1)6m =- 平移,即把函数()f x 的图象向左平移π6个单位长度,再向上平移1个单位长度,所以得到新函数的解析式为ππsin 2()1sin(2)163y x x =++=++.故选:C6.在人大附中π节活动的入场券中有如下图形,单位圆M 与x 轴相切于原点O ,该圆沿x 轴向右滚动,当小猫头鹰位于最上方时,其对应x 轴的位置正好是π,若在整个运动过程中当圆M 滚动到与出发位置时的圆相外切时(此时记圆心为N ),此时小猫头鹰位于A 处,圆N 与x 轴相切于B ,则劣弧AB 所对应的扇形面积是()A.1B.2C.π3D.π4【答案】A 【解析】【分析】根据给定条件,求出劣弧AB 的长,再利用扇形面积公式计算即得.【详解】由圆M 与圆N 外切,得2MN =,又圆M 、圆N 与x 轴分别相切于原点O 和B ,则2OB MN ==,依题意,圆M 沿x 轴向右无滑动地滚动,因此劣弧AB 长等于OB 长2,所以劣弧AB 所对应的扇形面积是11212⨯⨯=.故选:A7.已知函数()sin()(0,0)f x A x A ωϕω=+>≠,则“π2π,Z 2k k ϕ=+∈”是“()f x 为偶函数”的()A.充分不必要条件B.必要不充分条件C.充要条件D.既不充分也不必要条件【答案】A 【解析】【分析】利用正余弦函数性质,充分条件、必要条件的定义判断即得.【详解】当π2π,Z 2k k ϕ=+∈时,π()si 2n()os π2c f x A x A x k ωω=+=+,()f x 为偶函数;反之,()f x 为偶函数,则π2π,Z 2k k ϕ=+∈或π2π,Z 2k k ϕ=-∈,所以“π2π,Z 2k k ϕ=+∈”是“()f x 为偶函数”的充分不必要条件.故选:A8.已知O 为坐标原点,P 是α终边上一点,其中4cos ,||45OP α==,非零向量a的方向与x 轴正方向相同,若,[0,5]||OQ a a λλ=∈ ,则OP OQ -取值范围是()A.16,35⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦B.12,35⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦C.16,45⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦D.12,45⎡⎤⎢⎥⎣⎦【答案】D 【解析】【分析】根据向量模的坐标表示写出模的表达式,然后由函数性质得结论.【详解】由已知1612(,55P 或1612(,)55-,1612(,)55OP = 或1612(,)55-,(1,0)(,0)OQ a a λλλ=== ,1612(,55OP OQ λ-=-±,OP OQ -= ,又05λ≤≤,所以165λ=时,OP OQ - 取最小值125,0λ=时,OP OQ - 取最大值4,故选:D .9.函数sin 3sin 5()sin 35x xf x x =++图像可能是()A.B.C. D.【答案】D 【解析】【分析】根据函数图象的对称性排除AC ,再结合函数值π()2f 大小排除B ,从而得正确结论.【详解】从四个选项中可以看出,函数的周期性、奇偶性、函数值的正负无法排除任一个选项,但是sin(3π3)sin()sin 3sin 5sin (35π5)(π)sin(π)355x x f x x xx x x f ---=-++=+=+,因此()f x 的图象关于直线π2x =对称,可排除AC ,又3π5πsinsin ππ111322()sin 1122353515f =++=-+=<,排除B ,故选:D .10.已知函数sin ()xf x x=,下列结论错误的是()A.()f x 的图像有对称轴B.当(π,0)(0,π)x ∈-⋃时,cos ()1x f x <<C.sin ()xf x x=有最小值 D.方程()cos ln f x x x =-在(1,)π上无解【答案】D 【解析】【分析】选项A ,根据条件可得sin ()xf x x=为偶函数,即可判断选项A 的正误,选项B ,利用偶函数的性质,先判断π()0,x ∈时,cos ()1x f x <<成立,分π,π2x ⎡⎫∈⎪⎢⎣⎭和π0,2x ⎛⎫∈ ⎪⎝⎭两种情况,当π,π2x ⎡⎫∈⎪⎢⎣⎭时,利用三角函数的符号即可判断成立,当π0,2x ⎛⎫∈ ⎪⎝⎭时,利用三角函数的定义及弧长公式,即可判断成立;选项C ,利用sin y x =的周期性及sin ()x f x x=的奇偶性,当0x >,得到sin ()xf x x=存在最小值,则最小值只会在区间()π,2π内取到,再利用导数与函数单调性间的关系,即可判断出选项C 的正误;选项D ,利用零点存在性原理,即可判断出选项D 的正误,从而得出结果.【详解】对于选项A ,易知sin ()xf x x=的定义域为{}|0x x ≠,关于原点对称,又sin()sin ()()x x f x f x x x--===-,所以sin ()xf x x =为偶函数,关于y 轴对称,所以选项A 结论正确,对于选项B ,当π,π2x ⎡⎫∈⎪⎢⎣⎭时,cos 0x ≤,又0sin 1x <≤,π12x ≥>,所以sin 0()1x f x x <=<,即当π,π2x ⎡⎫∈⎪⎢⎣⎭时,cos ()1x f x <<成立,当π0,2x ⎛⎫∈ ⎪⎝⎭时,如图,在单位圆中,设OP 是角x 的终边,过A 作x 轴的垂线交OP 于T ,过P 作x 轴的垂线交x 轴于H ,易知 AP x =,由三角函数的定义知,sin ,tan PH x AT x ==,由图易知OPA OAT POA S S S << 扇形,即111222PH x AT <<,得到 PH APAT <<,所以sin tan <<x x x ,即有sin cos 1xx x<<,。
黑龙江省牡丹江市第二高级中学高一下学期期中考试语文试题(含答案)
黑龙江省牡丹江市第二高级中学高一下学期期中考试语文试题(含答案)牡丹江市第二高级中学2022-2023学年高一下学期期中考试语文一、文学类文本阅读(共4小题,18分)阅读下面的文字,完成1~4题。
骡子王宇马棚里来了新的入驻者,骡子。
马棚里原来的那匹马走了。
有人说:那匹马因为跑得快,被新主人相中,去赛马场效力了。
有人说:那匹马天生好看,被新主人相中,去马戏团了。
有人说:那匹马太贪吃,爱炫耀,又不爱干活儿,被主人送屠宰场了。
总之,那匹马再也没有回来,这是不争的事实。
骡子住进马棚,兴奋不已。
这环境,这待遇,这享受,比以前好多了。
尤其是它独享着那个硕大的马槽,谁也不和它抢食,而且人们抢着给它喂草料。
这日子过得惬意极了。
想一想,自己曾经过的是什么日子。
每天与马和毛驴在一块草地上吃草,今天马看见不顺眼,就飞奔过来,照着它脖子咬几口,嘴里骂道:“你这杂种,滚远点儿。
”明天驴看见不顺眼,就撅着屁股,给它几蹄子,嘴里骂道:“你这杂种,快快离开这块草地。
”骡子忍着疼,不敢吱声,很委屈,也很纠结。
怎么自己长得又像马又像驴,可又什么也不是?住进马棚里的骡子,很向往马过的日子。
虽然被主人骑着,但是高高地仰着头。
在众目睽睽之下,能得到人们的赞美,甚至还有闪光灯的特写,登上报纸的头版头条。
相比之下,毛驴过的是什么日子,默默无闻,不是拉磨就是驮东西,整天不辞辛苦地为主人干活儿,又苦又累,还得不到主人的夸奖,更不用说别人的赞誉了。
骡子住进马棚后,每天除了吃东西要低头外,其余时间,总是把头仰得高高的,学着马的步伐,有节奏地走路。
得空儿就去美发中心,把尾巴稀疏而灰暗的杂毛煸染得黑而广亮,蓬松如马尾。
把短而直的鬃毛尽量拉长,烫成波浪状,形如马鬃。
乍一看,这骡子还真有点儿像马了。
它很期待主人能对它另眼相看。
主人欣赏骡子的力量比驴大,脾气没有驴那么倔,模样比驴好看,但又没有马那么娇气,而且比马低调适用。
没想到新来的骡子把自己整成个马的样子,心里真有点儿不舒服。
【2023】【高一下】【期中】【浙大附丁兰】【高中语文】
【2023】【高一下】【期中】【浙大附丁兰】【高中语文】1. 阅读下面的文字,完成下面小题。
材料一:中国传统的绘画艺术很早就掌握了虚实相结合的手法。
例如近年出土的晚周帛画凤夔人物、汉石刻人物画、东晋顾恺之《女史箴图》、唐阎立本《步辇图》、宋李公麟《免胄图》、元颜辉《钟馗出猎图》、明徐渭《驴背吟诗图》,这些赫赫名迹都是很好的例子。
我们见到一片空虚的背景上突出地、集中地表现人物行动姿态,删略了背景的刻画,正像中国舞台上的表演一样(汉画上正有不少舞蹈和戏剧表演)。
关于中国绘画处理空间表现方法的问题,清初画家笪重光在他的一篇《画筌》(这是中国绘画美学里的一部杰作)里说得很好,而这段论画面空间的话,也正相通于中国舞台上空间处理的方式。
他说:“空本难图,实景清而空景现。
神无可绘,真境逼而神境生。
位置相戾,有画处多属赘疣。
虚实相生,无画处皆成妙境。
”这段话扼要地说出中国画里处理空间的方法,也叫人联想到中国舞台艺术里的表演方式和布景问题。
中国舞台表演方式是有独创性的,我们愈来愈见到它的优越性。
而这种艺术表演方式又是和中国独特的绘画艺术相通的,甚至也和中国诗中的意境相通。
中国舞台上一般地不设置逼真的布景(仅用少量的道具桌椅等)。
老艺人说得好:“戏曲的布景是在演员的身上。
”演员结合剧情的发展,灵活地运用表演程式和手法,使得“真境逼而神境生”。
演员集中精神用程式手法、舞蹈行动,“逼真地”表达出人物的内心情感和行动,就会使人忘掉对于剧中环境布景的要求,不需要环境布景阻碍表演的集中和灵活,“实景清而空景现”,留出空虚来让人物充分地表现剧情,剧中人和观众精神交流,深入艺术创作的最深意趣,这就是“真境逼而神境生”。
这个“真境逼”是在现实主义的意义里的,不是自然主义里所谓逼真。
这是艺术所启示的真,也就是“无可绘”的精神的体现,也就是美。
“真”“神”“美”在这里是一体。
做到了这一点,就会使舞台上“空景”的“现”,即空间的构成,不须借助于实物的布置来显示空间,恐怕“位置相戾,有画处多属赘疣”,排除了累赘的布景,可使“无景处都成妙境”。
江苏省梅村高级中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期中考试英语试卷(含答案)
江苏省梅村高级中学2024年春学期高一期中质量检测英语学科一、听力(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1. Why does the man apologize to the womanA. He pressed the wrong button.B. He dropped her iPad.C. He broke her purse.2. What will the man do nextA. Have a get-together.B. Visit a company.C. Attend a meeting.3. What is the relationship between the speakersA. Father and daughter.B. Mother and son.C. Brother and sister.4. How does the man feel about the womanA. Bored.B. Surprised.C. Annoyed.5. What are the speakers talking aboutA. Shopping lists.B. Eating habits.C. Cooking methods.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。
听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。
6. Who is the man asking forA. Eric.B. Laura.C. Heather.7. What will the woman do in about 20 minutesA. Pass on a message.B. Make a phone call.C. Go shopping.听第7段材料,回答第8、9 题。
泰安第一中学2022-2023学年高一下学期期中考试数学试题(含答案)
泰安一中新校区2022-2023学年高一下学期期中考试数学试题2023.5一、单项选择题:本题共8小题,每小题5分,共40分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的.1.若复数()1i 1i z -=+,则z = A.22B.1C.D.22.若,m n 表示两条不重合的直线,,,αβγ表示三个不重合的平面,下列命题正确的是A .若m αγ⋂=,n βγ= ,且//m n ,则//αβB .若,m n 相交且都在,αβ外,//m α,//n α,//m β,//n β,则//αβC .若//m n ,n α⊂,则//m αD .若//m α,//n α,则//m n4.已知2a =,3b =.若a b a b +=-,则23a b +=425.某景区为提升游客观赏体验,搭建一批圆锥形屋顶的小屋(如图1).现测量其中一个屋顶,得到圆锥SO 的底面直径AB 长为12m ,母线SA 长为18m (如图2).若C 是母线SA 的一个三等分点(靠近点S ),从点A 到点C 绕屋顶侧面一周安装灯光带,则灯光带的最小长度为A. B.16mC. D.12m6.如图所示,在ABC ∆中,点O 是BC 的中点,过点O 的直线分别交直线AB 、AC 于不同的两点M 、N ,若AB mAM = ,(,0)AC nAN m n =>,则m n +的值为A .2B .3C .92D .57.已知4sin 45πα⎛⎫+= ⎪⎝⎭,,42ππα⎛⎫∈ ⎪⎝⎭,则cos α=A.210 B.3210C.22D.72108.函数()()sin 0,02f x x πωϕωϕ⎛⎫=+><<⎪⎝⎭在区间5,66ππ⎡⎤-⎢⎥⎣⎦上的图象如图所示,将该函数图象上各点的横坐标缩短到原来的一半(纵坐标不变),再向右平移()0θθ>个单位长度后,所得到的图象关于原点对称,则θ的最小值为A.3πB.6πC.12π D.724π二、多项选择题:本题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分.在每小题给出的选项中,有多项符合题目要求.全部选对的得5分,部分选对的得2分,有选错的得0分.9.下列有关复数的说法中(其中i 为虚数单位),正确的是A .22i 1=B .复数32i z =-的共轭复数的虚部为2C .若13i -是关于x 的方程()20,x px q p q ++=∈R 的一个根,则8q =-D .若复数z 满足i 1z -=,则z 的最大值为210.下列说法正确的是A .已知向量()1,3a = ,()cos ,sin b θθ= ,若a b ⊥ ,则3tan 3θ=-B .已知向量()2,3a = ,(),2b x = ,则“a ,b的夹角为锐角”是“3x >-”的充要条件C .若向量()()4,31,3a b =- = ,,则a 在b 方向上的投影向量坐标为13,22⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭三、填空题:本题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分.13.已知复数2(4)(2)i m m +-+ (R)m ∈是纯虚数,则m =___________.14.需要测量某塔的高度,选取与塔底D 在同一个水平面内的两个测量基点A 与B ,现测得75DAB ∠= ,45ABD ∠= ,96AB =米,在点A 处测得塔顶C 的仰角为30 ,则塔高CD 为__________米.15.公元前6世纪,毕达哥拉斯学派通过研究正五边形和正十边形的作图,发现了黄金分割值,这一数值近似可以表示为2sin18m =︒,若24m n +=,则cos 27m =︒______.四、解答题:本题6小题,共70分.解答应写出必要的文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤.17.(10分)已知,,a b c是同一平面内的三个向量,()1,2a = .(1)若c = ,且//c a ,求c的坐标;(2)若52b = ,且2a b + 与2a b - 垂直,求a 与b 的夹角θ..19.(12分)已知ABC 中,D 是AC 边的中点.3BA =,7BC =,7BD =(1)求AC 的长;(2)BAC ∠的平分线交BC 于点E ,求AE 的长.20.(12分)已知函数()5sin 22cos sin 644f x x x x πππ⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫=--++ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭.(1)求函数()f x 的单调递增区间;(2)若函数()y f x k =-在11,612ππ⎡⎤-⎢⎥⎣⎦上有且仅有两个零点,求实数k 的取值范围.泰安一中新校区2022-2023学年高一下学期期中考试数学试题解析2023.5一、单项选择题:1.B2.B3.D4.A5.C6.A7.A8.C二、多项选择题:9.BD 10.ACD 11.ACD 12.ACD11.【详解】对于A ,由正弦定理可得sin cos sin cos sin sin C B B C A a A +==,因为0πA <<,所以sin 0A ≠,所以1a =,若2B C A +=,且πB C A ++=,所以π3A =,由余弦定理得22222π1cos cos 322b c a b c A bc bc+-+-===,由0,0b c >>,可得2212b c bc bc +=+³,即1bc ≤,则ABC面积11sin 22bc A ≤=ABC,故A 正确;对于B ,若π4A =,且1a =,由正弦定理得1πsin sin 4b B=,所以πsin sin4B b b =,当sin 1B =1=,所以b =时有一解,故B 错误;对于C ,若C =2A ,所以π2π3B A A A =--=-,且ABC 为锐角三角形,所以π02π022π0π32A A A ⎧<<⎪⎪⎪<<⎨⎪⎪<-<⎪⎩,解得ππ64A <<,所以2cos 2A ⎛∈ ⎝⎭,由正弦定理sin sin a cA C =得1sin sin 22cos sin sin C A c A A A⨯===∈,故C 正确;对于D ,做OD BC ⊥交BC 于点D 点,则D 点为BC 的中点,且1BC =,设OBD αÐ=,所以cos BDBOα=,所以211cos 22BD BC BO BC BO BC BO BC BD BC BOα⋅=⋅=⋅⨯=⋅==,故D 正确.12.【详解】由题意,PC 的中点O 即为-P ABC 的外接球的球心,设外接球的半径为R ,则34108π33R π=,得3R =,在Rt PAB 中,222PA AB PB +=,故222PB BC PC +=,即222224PA AB BC PC R ++==,而2AB =,所以2232PA BC +=,鳖臑-P ABC 的体积()()22111116232663P ABC V AB BC PA BC PA BC PA -=⨯⋅⋅=⋅⋅≤⋅+=,当且仅当4BC PA ==时,取得等号,故max 16()3P ABC V -=,故A 项正确,B 项错误;而1823C ABO O ABC V V V --===,故C 项正确;设-P ABC 的内切球半径为r ,由题意知三棱锥-P ABC 的四个侧面皆为直角三角形,由等体积法1111116322223P ABC V AB BC PA AC PA PB BC r -⎛⎫=⨯⋅+⋅+⋅+⋅⋅= ⎪⎝⎭,而2AC ==6PC =,得(1632r +⋅=,所以r =,故D 项正确,三、填空题:13.214.15.16.216【详解】以ABC 外接圆圆心为原点建立平面直角坐标系,如图,因为等边ABC21sin BCr r A=⇒=,设11(1,0),(,(,),(cos ,sin )2222A B C P αα---,则1(1cos ,sin ),(cos sin )2PA PB αααα=--=---,1(cos ,sin )2PC αα=--,所以(12cos ,2sin )PC PB αα+=---,所以()1cos PA PB PC α⋅+=-,因为1cos 1α-≤≤,所以01cosα2£-£,所以()PA PB PC ⋅+的最大值为2.四、解答题:17.【详解】(1)设向量(),c x y = ,因为()1,2a = ,c =r ,c a ∥,所以2x y==⎪⎩,解得24x y =⎧⎨=⎩,或24x y =-⎧⎨=-⎩,所以()2,4c =r 或()2,4c =-- ;(2)因为2a b + 与2a b -垂直,所以()()220a b a b +⋅-=r r r r ,所以222420a a b a b b -⋅+⋅-= 而52b =,a == ,所以5253204a b ⨯+⋅-⨯= ,得52a b ⋅=- ,a 与b的夹角为θ,所以52cos 12a b a bθ-⋅===-⋅,因为[]0,θπ∈,所以θπ=.18.【详解】(1)设圆锥的底面半径为r ,高为h.由题意,得:2r π=,∴r =,∴3h =∴圆锥的侧面积16S rl ππ===,底面积223S r ππ==,∴表面积129S S S π=+=.(2)由(1)可得:圆锥的体积为211133333V r h πππ==⨯⨯=.又圆柱的底面半径为2r =322h =,∴圆柱的体积为2233922428r hV πππ⎛⎫==⨯⨯= ⎪⎝⎭.∴剩下几何体的体积为12915388V VV πππ=-=-=.19.【详解】(1)设AD DC x ==,由余弦定理可得22cosADB CDB∠=∠==又cos cos ADB CDB ∠∠=- 2=1x ∴=,即2AC =.(2)由(1)知223271cos 2322A +-==⨯⨯,因为0A π<<,所以3A π=,由ABE ACE ABC S S S += 可得,1113sin 302sin 3032sin 60222AE AE ︒︒︒⨯⨯+⨯⨯=⨯⨯⨯,即5AE =,解得5AE =.20.【详解】(1)()5sin 22cos sin 644f x x x x πππ⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫=--++ ⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭sin 2coscos 2sin 2cos sin 6644x x x x ππππ⎛⎫⎛⎫=-+++ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭11sin 2cos 2sin 2sin 2cos 2cos 222222x x x x x x π⎛⎫=-++=-+ ⎪⎝⎭1sin 2cos 2sin 2+226x x x π⎛⎫=+= ⎪⎝⎭,令222,Z 262k x k k πππππ-+≤+≤+∈,所以,Z 36k x k k ππππ-+≤≤+∈,所以函数()f x 的单调递增区间为:,,Z 36k k k ππππ⎡⎤-++∈⎢⎥⎣⎦(2)函数()y f x k =-在区间11,612ππ⎡⎤-⎢⎥⎣⎦上有且仅有两个零点,即曲线sin 26y x π⎛⎫=+ ⎪⎝⎭与直线y k =在区间11,612ππ⎡⎤-⎢⎥⎣⎦上有且仅有两个交点.设26t x π=+,则sin ,y t =且,26t ππ⎡⎤∈-⎢⎥⎣⎦,又因为1sin 62π⎛⎫-=- ⎪⎝⎭,由图象可知,若要使sin y t =与y k =区间,26t ππ⎡⎤∈-⎢⎥⎣⎦上有且仅有两个交点,则()11,0,12k ⎛⎫∈--⋃ ⎪⎝⎭.21.【详解】(1)选择①,在ABC 中,由余弦定理得222222222a c b a c b a b c b ac a+-+-=+⋅=+,整理得222a b c ab +-=,则2221cos 22a b c C ab +-==,又()0,πC ∈,所以π3C =.选择②,可得sin cos sin cos cos a A B b A A C +=,在ABC中,由正弦定理得,2sin cos sin sin cos cos A B A B A A C +=,因为sin 0A ≠,则sin cos sin cos A B B A C +=,即()sin A B C +=,因为πA B C ++=,因此sin cos C C =,即tan C =又()0,πC ∈,所以3C π=.选择③,在ABC22(2cos1)2cos 2CC C =--=-,cos 2C C +=,即πsin 16C ⎛⎫+= ⎪⎝⎭,又()0,πC ∈,所以ππ7π,666C ⎛⎫+∈ ⎪⎝⎭,所以ππ62C +=,从而π3C =.(2)由(1)知,π3C =,有2π3ABC BAC ∠+∠=,而BAC ∠与ABC ∠的平分线交于点I ,即有π3ABI BAI ∠+∠=,于是2π3AIB ∠=,设ABI θ∠=,则π3BAI θ∠=-,且π03θ<<,在ABI △中,由正弦定理得,4π2πsin sin sin()sin33BI AI AB AIB θθ====∠-,所以)4sin π3(BI θ=-,4sin AI θ=,所以ABI △的周长为3234sin(4si π)n θθ-+3123cos sin )4sin 22θθθ=-+π23232sin 4sin()233θθθ=++=++由π03θ<<,得ππ2π333θ<+<,所以当ππ32θ+=,即π6θ=时,ABI △的周长取得最大值423+22.【详解】(1)记F 为AB 的中点,连接,DF MF ,如图1,因为,F M 分别为,AB AE 的中点,故//MF EB ,因为MF ⊄平面,EBC EB ⊂平面,EBC 所以//MF 平面EBC ,又因为ADB 为正三角形,所以60DBA ∠=︒,DF AB ⊥,又BCD △为等腰三角形,120BCD ∠=︒,所以30DBC ∠=︒,所以90ABC ∠=︒,即BC AB ⊥,所以//DF BC ,又DF ⊄平面,EBC BC ⊂平面,EBC 所以//DF 平面EBC ,又DF MF F ⋂=,,DF MF ⊂平面DMF ,故平面//DMF 平面EBC ,又因为DM ⊂平面DMF ,故//DM 平面BEC .(2)延长,CD AB 相交于点P ,连接PM 交BE 于点N ,连接CN ,过点N 作//NQ AE 交AB 于点Q ,如图2,因为//DM 平面ECB ,DM ⊂平面PDM ,平面PDM 平面ECB CN =,所以//DM CN ,此时,,,D M N C 四点共面,由(1)可知,2,60,BC CD PCB CB BP ==∠=︒⊥,得30,4CPB PC ∠=︒=,故4263PN CP PM DP ===,又因为//NQ AE ,所以23NQ PN AM PM ==,则有3112223NQ NQ AE AM ==⨯=,故13BN NQ BE AE ==.N。
山西省2023-2024学年高一下学期期中调研测试语文试题(含答案)
山西省2023-2024学年高一下学期期中调研测试语文试题(测试时间:150分钟卷面总分:150分)★祝考试顺利★注意事项:1.答卷前,考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2.回答选择题时,选出每小题答案后,用2B铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号。
回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上。
写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
一、现代文阅读(35分)(一)现代文阅读Ⅰ(本题共5小题,18分)的阅读下面文字,完成下面小题。
材料一:教育是立国之本、强国之基,民族要振兴,教育必先行。
我们要坚持优先发展教育事业,大力培养人才、造就人才,从整体上提高中华民族的整体素质,化人口大国为人才强国,以人口高质量发展支撑中国式现代化。
坚持“立德树人”,培养堪当民族复兴重任的时代新人。
“长树先长根,立人先立德”,没有德,再有才华也无济于事。
学校作为教书育人重地,要始终把立德放在第一位,把立德树人作为教育的根本任务,用科学理论铸魂育人,以时代思想陶冶情操,培养学生爱国情怀、社会责任感、创新精神、实践能力。
教师是学生的启蒙者、引路人,教书先教人,育人先育己,以高尚的品格、文明健康的举止,潜移默化地引导学生,以正能量的热度给学生心灵埋下真善美的种子,以报国之心引导学生扣好人生第一粒扣子,为学生成长打好精神底色。
以改革创新为动力,全面提高教育水平。
2023年,我国教育强国指数居全球第23位,比2012年上升26位,是进步最快的国家。
持续发挥教育的先导作用,加快教育大国向教育强国转变,必须用好改革创新这一招,深化教育机制改革,坚决破除一切制约教育高质量发展的思想观念束缚和体制机制弊端,科学设置专业课程体系,创新教学方法,引导学生独立思考,注重启发式教育,增加吸引力、趣味性,不断在特色上实现新的突破,加快培养创新型、复合型和应用型等各类高素质人才,加快教育大国向教育强国转变。
2022-2023学年高一下学期期中考试语文试卷(新高考)(含解析)
绝密★启用前2022-2023学年高一下学期期中考试语文试卷(新高考)(答案解析版)语文1.D【解析】本题考查对文章内容的理解和分析的能力。
“横观现实有助于研究历史”错误,无中生有。
文章只在第二段引用李大钊的话“纵观人间的过去者便是历史,横观人间的现在者便是社会”时提到“横观现实”这一概念,“也就是说,要洞察现实的社会,就不能不研究过去的历史。
”但其中并没有提到“横观现实”与“历史研究”的关系。
2.C【解析】本题考查分析概括作者在文中的观点态度的能力。
C.“而想象力丰富与否决定了诗歌作品的质量”错误,由材料二第二段“单纯考察想象力是否‘丰富’,并不能决定文学作品的价值,重要的还是想象力的质量的高下”可知,想象力是否丰富不是诗歌作品价值的决定因素,想象力质量的高下影响诗歌的价值。
故选C。
3.C【解析】本题考查理解文中重要概念的含义的能力。
C.《登太白峰》臆造人物、虚构境地,借助离奇的想象写作,属于艺术想象力。
故选C。
①用假想比附事实;②生造出所谓“隐”的人和事来。
【解析】本题考查理解文章内容,筛选并整合文中信息的能力。
根据文中“他可以有深入而巧妙的推论,但必须时刻保持充分的自制力,以防止将事实纳入假想的框架。
《红楼梦》研究中曾有过‘索隐派’,他们借助离奇的想象,抓住书中的只言片语或某一个人物、情节,跟清代史事相比附,测字猜谜式地从中‘索’出所‘隐’的人和事来。
这是需要我们注意的”可知,“索隐派”用假想比附事实,生造出所谓“隐”的人和事来。
能够将诗性的幻想和具体生存的真实性作扭结一体的游走。
如昌耀的《峨日朵雪峰之侧》就是将深刻体验到的生命、理念、立场、情感,倾注、融贯到精心选择的生命意象中,通过丰富的想象,雕铸成一幅幅真实而顽强的生命图画;郭沫若的《立在地球边上放号》,作者面对浩渺无边的大海,那惊天的激浪和着时代的洪流一起撞击着他的胸怀。
这首对于力的赞歌,正是那种向旧世界、旧文化、旧传统猛烈冲击的时代精神的象征。
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高一英语第二学期期中试题第一部分:完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从1-20各题所给的四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Fire can 1 many things. It is dangerous to everyone, but it is 2 useful. We cannot live without 3 .In other words, fire is both the 4 and enemy of us. This 5 on whether we use it wisely or not.To the people 6 live in the forest area, fire is particularly dangerous. It is the location 7 most of their houses are made of wood, which 8 catches fire. Especially in winter the air is 9 and the wind is often 10 .If one of these houses is on fire, the wind will 11 the fire to the neighboring houses quickly, and the fire will soon 12 all over the area. If this happens 13 , it may not de too bad. 14 if it happens at night, the situation will be very bad, for most people are 15 ,and many of them cannot run away in time. If they can, they will just 16 all the things behind. Some people even do not know 17 is going on, and they 18 in their dreams.We should do our best to 19 the breakout of fire, which is mostly caused by people’s carelessness. Therefore, not only the people of the 20 areas but everyone else should be very careful in using fire. 1. A. make B. build C. lose D. destroy 2. A. also B. too C. hardly D. not 3. A. water B. air C. food D. fire 4. A. help B. friend C. companion D. neighbor 5.A. happens B. lies C. depends D. decides 6.A. where B. which C. what D. who 7. A. because B. so C. why D. that 8. A. easily B. hardly C. carefully D. friendly 9. A. thick B. thin C. wet D. dry10. A. cold B. freezing C. gentle D. strong 11. A. make B. let C. blow D. give 12. A. cross B. pass C. happen D. spread 13. A. at night B. on Sunday C. in the evening D. in the day time 14. A. But B. When C. So D. Even 15. A. careless B. sleeping C. afraid D. frightened 16. A. leave B. take C. bring D. have 17. A. that B. what C. who D. which 18. A. think B. smile C. die D. live 19. A. help B. prevent C. develop D. keep 20. A. city B. developing C. factory D. forest 第二部分 阅读理解 (共两节,满分40分)第一节:阅读下面短文,从各题A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中选出最佳答案。
ASome British and American people like to invite friends for a meal at home. But you should not be upset (难受的) if your English friends don't invite you home. It doesn't mean they don't like you!Dinner parties usually start between 7 and 8 p.m., and end at about 11. Ask your hosts what time you should arrive. It's polite to bring flowers, chocolates or a bottle of wine as a gift.Usually the evening starts with drinks and snacks(小吃). Do you want to be more polite? Say how much you like the room, or the picture on the wall. But remember —it ’s not polite to ask how much things cost.In many families, the husband sits at one end of the table and the wife sits at the other end. They eat with their guests.You'll probably start the meal with soup or something small, then you'll have meat or fish with vegetables, and then dessert, followed by coffee.学校 姓名 考号 考场 座号 ………………………………密………………………………………封……………………………………线…………………………………It's polite to finish everything on your plate and to take more if you want it.Did you enjoy the evening? Call your hosts the next day, or write them a short thank you letter. British and American people like to say “Thank you, thank you, thank you.”all the time!21. If you are going to attend a dinner party,____ .A. you’d better bring a certain present with youB. you must leave home for it at 7 p.m.C. you should ask your host when you should leaveD. you must arrive at it before 8 p.m.22. In which order will you eat or drink the following things at the meal?A. Snacks, vegetables, meat and coffee.B. Coffee, drinks, soup, fish, vegetables and dessert.C. Soup, meat with vegetables, dessert and coffee.D. Drinks, soup, something small, fish and vegetables.23. Which is the correct way in which you express your enjoyment of the evening?A. Before leaving for home, you should say, “Thank you for inviting me.”B. When you shake hands with your host, you should say, “I did enjoy the evening.”C. You can write a thank you letter to your host after that.D. You should finish everything on your plate and take more if you want it.BIf you ask some people, “How did you learn English so well?” you may get a surprising answer: “In my sleep!”These are people who have taken part in one of the recent experiments to test the learn while you sleep method , which is now being tried in several countries, and with several subjects. English is among them.Scientists say that this sleep study method greatly speeds language learning. They say that the ordinary person can learn two or three times as much during sleep as in the same period during the day—and this does not affect (影响) his rest in any way. However, sleep teaching will only put into your head what you have studied already while you are awake.In one experiment, ten lessons were broadcast over the radio for two weeks. Each lesson lasted twelve hours — from 8 p.m. to 8 a.m. The first three hours of English grammar and vocabulary were given with the students awake. At 11 p.m. a lullaby (催眠曲) was broadcast to send the student to sleep and for the next three hours the radio in a soft and low voice broadcast the lesson again into his sleeping ears. At 2 a.m. a sharp noise was sent over the radio to wake the sleeping student up for a few minutes to go over the lesson. The soft music sent him back to rest again while the radio went on.At 5 o’clock his sleep ended and he had to go through the lesson again for three hours before breakfast.24. By the learn while you sleep method, one____ .A. starts to learn a new lesson in sleepB. learns how to sleep betterC. is made to remember his lesson in sleepD. can listen to the radio broadcast while lying in bed25. In the experiment, lessons were given____ .A. in the night timeB. after lullabies were broadcastC. while the student was awakeD. all through the twelve hours26.Before each lesson finishes, the student has to____ .A. get up and take breakfastB. be woken up by a loud voiceC. listen to the lesson again in sleepD. review (复习) the lesson by himself27. The sleep study method is being tried in many countries to teach____ .A. the English languageB. grammar and vocabularyC. a number of subjectsD. foreign languagesCFlorence Nightingale(南丁格尔)was born in a rich family. When she was young she took lessons in music and drawing, and read great books. She also traveled a great deal with her mother and father.As a child she felt that visiting sick people was both a duty and a pleasure. She enjoyed helping them.At last mind was made up. “I’m going to be a nurse,” she decided.“Nursing isn’t the right work for a lady,” her father told her.“Then I will make it so, “she smiled. And she went to learn nursing in Germany and France. When she returned to England, Florence started a nursing home for home. During the Crimean War in 1854 she went with a group of thirty eight nurses to the front hospitals. What they saw there was terrible. Dirt and death were everywhere to be seen —and smelled. The officer there did not want any woman to tell him how to run a hospital, either. But the brave nurse went to work.Florence used her own money and some from friends to buy clothes, beds, medicine and food for the men. Her only pay was in smiles from the lips of dying soldiers. But they were more than enough for this kind woman.After she returned to England, she was honored for her services by Queen Victoria. But Florence said that her work had just begun. She raised money to build the Nightingale Home for Nurses in London. She also wrote a book on public health, which was printed in several countries.Florence Nightingale died at the age of ninety, still trying to serve others through her work as a nurse. Indeed, it is because of her that we honor nurses today.28. What made Florence make up her mind to become a nurse?A. Her father’s support.B. Her desire to help the sick.C. Her education in Germany and France.D. Her knowledge from reading great books.29. During the Crimean War in 1854, Florence served in the front hospital where ____ .A. she earned a little moneyB. work was very difficultC. few soldiers died because of h er workD. she didn’t have enough food or clothes30. Why was Florence honored by Queen Victoria?A. She built the Nightingale Home for Nurses.B. She wrote a book on public health.C. She worked as a nurse all her life.D. She did a great deal of work during the Crimean W ar.31. The passage can best be described as ____ .A. the life story of a famous womanB. a description of the nursing workC. an example of successful educationD. the history of nursing in EnglandDValencia is in the east part of Spain(西班牙). It has a port on the sea, two miles away on the coast. It is the capital of a province that is also named Valencia.The city is a market centre for what is produced by the land around thec ity. Most of the city’s money is made from farming. It is also a busy business city, with ships, railways, clothes and machine factories.Valencia has an old part with white buildings, colored roofs, and narrow streets. The modern part has long, wide streets and new buildings. Valencia is well known for its parks and gardens. It has many old churches and museums. The University in the centre of the city was built in the 13th century.The city of Valencia has been known since the 2nd century. In the 8th century it was the capital of Spain. There is also an important city in Venezuela(委内瑞拉)named Valencia.32. From the text, how many places have the name Valencia?A. One.B. Two.C. Three.D. Four.33. What is the main difference between the two parts of the city?A. The color of the buildings.B. The length of the streets.C. The age of the buildings.D. The color of the roofs.34. When was Valencia the most important city in Spain?A. 2nd century.B. 8th century.C.13th century.D.20th century.35. What is Valencia famous for?A. Its seaport.B. Its University.C. Its churches and museums.D. Its parks and gardens.第二节(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。