2015_02_10 Former Spy Chief in South Korea Sentenced in Election Case

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LP 01222 THE BODY IN THE LIBRARY

Classic Crime NovelsLP 05141 ANATOMY OF A MURDERAUTHOR: TRAVER, ROBERTABSTRACT: A suspenseful account of a murder and the trial which followed it, as seen by the criminal lawyer who defends the accused.LP 03819 BLACK AS HE'S PAINTEDAUTHOR: MARSH, NGAIOABSTRACT: The president of an African republic plans a good-will mission to England, but someone seems intent on including murder in his itinerary.Inspector Alleyn of Scotland Yard, finds himself in a ticklish predicament. LP 01222 THE BODY IN THE LIBRARYAUTHOR: CHRISTIE, AGATHAABSTRACT: The body of a dancing hostess from a seaside resort turns up in the library of a married colonel. Miss Marple is her customary uncanny self in aiding the local police find the killer.LP 03231 THE CASE BOOK OF SHERLOCK HOLMESAUTHOR: DOYLE, ARTHUR CONANABSTRACT: This final volume of cases completes the amazing career ofSherlock Holmes.LP 04062 THE CASE OF THE CARELESS CUPIDAUTHOR: GARDNER, ERLE STANLEYABSTRACT: A widow in distress, her attentive wealthy swain and hisoverly-protective nieces and nephews are involved as Mrs. Anson, the widow, comes to Perry Mason for advice.LP 04541 THE CASE OF THE DARING DECOYAUTHOR: GARDNER, ERLE STANLEYABSTRACT: A company chief with an enemy, a series of mysterious warning phone calls from an unknown female, a couple of guns and a very deadgenerously curved blonde--a murder case that is almost too hot to handle, but not for Perry Mason.LP 04593 THE CASE OF THE DUPLICATE DAUGHTERAUTHOR: GARDNER, ERLE STANLEYABSTRACT: Being warned off a case by an unsavory detective just madePerry Mason more anxious than ever to find out if Carter Gilman's wife was really being blackmailed, and why.LP 01274 THE CASE OF THE HORRIFIED HEIRSAUTHOR: GARDNER, ERLE STANLEYABSTRACT: The case of the Horrified Heirs finds Perry Mason trying tosolve the mystery surrounding a wealthy widow who gets ill from eating the wrong food.LP 01275 THE CASE OF THE LAZY LOVERAUTHOR: GARDNER, ERLE STANLEYABSTRACT: A unexplained check from a wealthy matron, her angry husband Who says she has run off with his best friend, and a man found dead in acar—just the sort of case for Perry Mason.LP 01276 THE CASE OF THE SUBSTITUTE FACEAUTHOR: GARDNER, ERLE STANLEYABSTRACT: Perry Mason, the famous criminal lawyer, is returning from an Hawaiian holiday with his assistant, Della Street, when they encounter ashipboard murder.LP 01224 THE CLOCKSAUTHOR: CHRISTIE, AGATHAABSTRACT: Young Colin Lamb, working on an espionage case, happens on a murder which has more than its share of baffling clues. Eventually Hercule Poirot sifts out the relevant details, and Colin also catches his spy.LP 00347 COVER HER FACEAUTHOR: JAMES, P. D.ABSTRACT: A sly and sensuous young woman who had used body and her brains to make her way up the social ladder is found strangled in her bed.Chief Inspector Adam Dalgliesh must find the person who decided that thewages of sin should be death.LP 03390 CURTAINAUTHOR: CHRISTIE, AGATHAABSTRACT: The final case of Hercule Poirot, the Belgian detective. Old andarthritic, he returns to Styles court, the scene of his first case in England.When it becomes evident that someone at Styles is a murderer, he sends forhis friend Captain Hastings.LP 01503 THE DAUGHTER OF TIMEAUTHOR: TEY, JOSEPHINEABSTRACT: Scotland Yard's detective Alan Grant uses modern methods of detection to reevaluate one of history's vilest crimes--the murder of the littleprinces by Richard III.LP 01372 DEATH AT THE BARAUTHOR: MARSH, NGAIOABSTRACT: Luke Watchman, K.C., spent his holiday as usual at the Plume Feathers, a small inn in Devon. Among the other guests he recognizes a man with a past criminal record.LP 01137 DEATH IS A LONELY BUSINESSAUTHOR: BRADBURY, RAYABSTRACT: An atmospheric detective novel blending the mysterious and the macabre. In the dilapidated pier district of Venice, California, in 1949, a killer stalks and murders the town's old eccentrics. A naive young writer teams upwith a world-weary detective to uncover a chilling motive for the brutalmurders.LP 01316 DEATH OF AN EXPERT WITNESSAUTHOR: JAMES, P. D.ABSTRACT: When a much disliked pathologist is murdered with a weapon he is studying, Commander Adam Dalgliesh is called in from Scotland Yard. The victim is known to bully his unstable assistant, but secret relationships alsopoint to other suspects.LP 01226 DESTINATION UNKNOWNAUTHOR: CHRISTIE, AGATHAABSTRACT: A famous scientist has been mysteriously wafted away. Anexciting and surprising narrative with an authentic Moroccan setting.LP 01308 DETECTION UNLIMITEDAUTHOR: HEYER, GEORGETTEABSTRACT: Chief Inspector Hemingway travels to his staid English village when a charmless social climber whom no one likes is killed in his garden.LP 03393 ELEPHANTS CAN REMEMBERAUTHOR: CHRISTIE, AGATHAABSTRACT: Mrs. Oliver, an elderly writer of detective stories, and Hercule Poirot collaborate to find out what really happened to the parents of Mrs.Oliver's goddaughter.LP 04702 THE DOORAUTHOR: RINEHART, MARY ROBERTSABSTRACT: Middle-aged spinster, Elizabeth Jane Bell, leads a quiet,contented life until the night a strange man appears on her staircase.LP 01227 ENDLESS NIGHTAUTHOR: CHRISTIE, AGATHAABSTRACT: In a house, once known as "Gypsy's Acre," Michael Rogersmeets and marries an American oil heiress despite gypsies' warnings andother sinister omens.LP 04131 ENVIOUS CASCAAUTHOR: HEYER, GEORGETTEABSTRACT: When Inspector Hemingway arrived at Lexham Manor, hediscovered the guest trading insults around the wassail bowl while the host lay in his bedroom stabbed to death.LP 03778 FAREWELL, MY LOVELYAUTHOR: CHANDLER, RAYMONDABSTRACT: Los Angeles in the 1930's. A redheaded warbler namedVelma is the only lead hard-boiled investigator Philip Marlowe hasto Moose Malloy. Malloy is sixe feet five inches tall, about aswide as a bear truck, and wanted for murder. The trail to Malloy isstrewn with cops and dames and leads right through the gamblingrackets.LP 02495 HAVE HIS CARCASE: A LORD PETER WIMSEY MYSTERYAUTHOR: SAYERS, DOROTHY L.ABSTRACT: Harriet Vane needs time to think--away from the comfortingpresence of Lord Peter Wimsey. A hiking trip seems just the thing--until she finds the body of a bearded man on an empty beach.LP 01228 HERCULE POIROT'S EARLY CASESAUTHOR: CHRISTIE, AGATHAABSTRACT: A collection of 18 of the short stories which introduced theshrewd little Belgian detective to mystery fans all over the world.LP 04244 HIGH WINDOWAUTHOR: CHANDLER, RAYMONDABSTRACT: Search for a priceless gold coin takes private detective Philip Marlowe into the California underworld and the tangled affairs of a murdered coin collector.LP 01229 THE HOLLOWAUTHOR: CHRISTIE, AGATHAABSTRACT: Death is no laughing matter, especially at a luncheon party in an English country house. When Poirot finds a handsome young man lying on the edge of the swimming pool with blood dripping into the water, he thinks his hostess is staging a "murder" for his benefit. But he soon realizes the man is really dying.LP 03765 LAST DITCHAUTHOR: MARSH, NGAIOABSTRACT: Superintendent Roderick Alleyn of Scotland Yard becomesentangled in a murder involving his son, an aspiring writer.LP 09515 LET'S ALL KILL CONSTANCEAUTHOR: BRADBURY, RAYABSTRACT: The screenwriter hears a knocking on his door during a violent thunderstorm. Constance Rattigan, a washed-up movie star of yesteryearappears, demanding that the screenwriter save her. Rattigan is tortured by the receipt of a Book of the Dead, a phone-book listing of long-dead Hollywood stars, with the names of those still living marked. Rattigan believes she andother stars are marked for death. The screenwriter and Detective ElmoCrumley, move through the Hollywood netherworld for clues.LP 04142 MISS MARPLE: THE COMPLETE SHORT STORIESAUTHOR: CHRISTIE, AGATHAABSTRACT: All 20 of Christie's short stories featuring Miss JaneMarple, spinster sleuth extraordinaire.LP 04471 MYSTERIOUS AFFAIR AT STYLESAUTHOR: CHRISTIE, AGATHAABSTRACT: Styles court was a magnificent English estate. Its owner a rich,strong-willed matron who, to the dismay of her stepson, had recently married a fortune hunter. The scene was set for murder, and the crime took place.LP 03387 NEMESISAUTHOR: CHRISTIE, AGATHAABSTRACT: Miss Marple receives a letter from a wealthy businessmanwhom she knew briefly and whose death she has recently read about. Hisletter gives the code word "Nemesis" and states that he will bequeath a large sum of money to her if she will investigate a certain mystery.LP 01210 PERRY MASON IN THE CASE OF THE BURNING BEQUESTAUTHOR: CHASTAIN, THOMASABSTRACT: The odds are stacked very heavily against John Leland, accused of killing his fiancee Anne's stepmother. The fact that John's father wasaccused of murdering Anne's real mother twenty years earlier is not helping. But if John is innocent, who made the phone call that first brought him to meet Anne? And who set the fire that leads to the discovery of another body?LP 02560 PERRY MASON IN THE CASE OF TOO MANY MURDERSAUTHOR: CHASTAIN, THOMASABSTRACT: Courtroom drama in the style of Erle Stanley Gardner. PerryMason agrees to defend Laurel Adrian when she is accused of murdering her husband. The husband has been shot in his Hollywood home just minutes after he killed a man in a crowded restaurant. Too many murders! But, Perry, with the help of Della Street and Paul Drake, Jr., will solve them all.LP 03426 PLEASE PASS THE GUILT: NERO WOLFE MYSTERYAUTHOR: STOUT, REXABSTRACT: Involves the explosion of a bomb in the office of apotential candidate for the presidency of a large firm. The bombkills another man and no one is sure who the actual victim was tohave been.LP 03386 A POCKET FULL OF RYEAUTHOR: CHRISTIE, AGATHAABSTRACT: When a man is poisoned in his office, Miss Marple does thedetecting.LP 03365 POSTERN OF FATEAUTHOR: CHRISTIE, AGATHAABSTRACT: Tommy and Tuppence Beresford, new residents of a charming old dream house, find a chilling message about the murder of a formerresident stuck in a book. The solution to the ancient crime lies behind adreaded gate known as the Postern of Fate.LP 04579 SELECTED ADVENTURES OF SHERLOCK HOLMESAUTHOR: DOYLE, ARTHUR CONANABSTRACT: Nine of the exciting stories of the world famous sleuth, Sherlock Holmes and his associate, Dr. Watson.LP 04786 SENIOR SLEUTHS: A LARGE PRINT ANTHOLOGY OF MYSTERIES AND PUZZLERSAUTHOR: ASIMOV, ISAAC et al.ABSTRACT: Join Sherlock Holmes, Miss Marple, and other seniordetectives as they employ their brainpower in a captivating display of wits.LP 05186 SINGING IN THE SHROUDSAUTHOR: MARSH, NGAIOABSTRACT: When on a cold February night the cargo ship, capefarewell, sails from the port of London, she carries nine passengers, one ofwhom is a murderer.LP 08396 THE SKULL BENEATH THE SKINAUTHOR: JAMES, P. D.ABSTRACT: Private investigator Cordelia Gray is hired as abodyguard for difficult actress Clarissa Lisle, who has beenreceiving death threats with quotes from long-dead dramatists.During a house party, Cordelia discovers the actress's mutilatedbody. Some violence.LP 01465 TO LOVE AND BE WISEAUTHOR: TEY, JOSEPHINEABSTRACT: A rich, famous, and handsome young American creates havoc atan English art colony. He insults a leading playwright, causes a public uproar, and then disappears. Inspector Grant of Scotland Yard is called in toinvestigate a case of possible amnesia, suicide, or homicide.LP 00998 TRAITOR'S PURSEAUTHOR: ALLINGHAM, MARGERYABSTRACT: Inspector Campion of Scotland Yard works almost completely in the dark in hair-raising case that involves an amnesia patient who may beeither victim or killer.LP 07175 THE UNEXPECTED GUESTAUTHOR: CHRISTIE, AGATHAABSTRACT: The Unexpected Guest by Agatha Christie is adapted as a novel by Charles Osborne. Michael Starkwedder has run his car into a ditch andmust go to the nearest house to seek help. In this house, he discovers amurdered man in a wheelchair and a woman holding a recently fired gun.LP 03355 UNNATURAL CAUSESAUTHOR: JAMES, P. D.ABSTRACT: When a famous mystery writer's mutilated corpse is found in a drifting dinghy, ripples of horror spread among his bizarre circle of friends.Superintendent Adam Dalgliesh and his extraordinary aunt bring to light thetruth.LP 03643 AN UNSUITABLE JOB FOR A WOMANAUTHOR: JAMES, P. D.ABSTRACT: Cordelia Gray inherits a detective agency from her formerpartner as well as the reopened case of a young man officially classified as asuicide.。

采访著名电脑公司的首席执政官,英语作文

采访著名电脑公司的首席执政官,英语作文As a seasoned writer, I understand the importance of conducting interviews with prominent figures in various industries. In this case, interviewing the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of a renowned computer company presents a unique opportunity to delve into the world of technology and innovation. The CEO of a leading computer company holds a position of great influence and responsibility, overseeing the strategic direction and operations of the organization.During the interview, it would be essential to explore the CEO's background, including their journey to the top leadership position. Understanding the CEO's educational and professional experiences can provide valuable insights into their leadership style and decision-making processes. Additionally, delving into the CEO's personal motivations and aspirations can shed light on what drives them to succeed in the competitive tech industry.One key aspect to address in the interview would be the company's recent achievements and innovations. As a prominent player in the computer industry, the company is likely at the forefront of technological advancements and product development. By discussing the company's latest projects and initiatives, readers can gain a better understanding of the CEO's vision for the future and the company's strategic priorities.Furthermore, it would be beneficial to explore the CEO's perspective on industry trends and challenges. The tech landscape is constantly evolving, with new technologies and market dynamics shaping the competitive landscape. Understanding how the CEO navigates these challenges and identifies opportunities for growth can provide valuable insights for readers interested in the tech industry.In addition to discussing the company's achievements and industry trends, it would be valuable to delve into the CEO's leadership philosophy and management approach. As the head of a major corporation, the CEO plays a critical role insetting the tone for the company culture and guiding employees towards a shared vision. By exploring the CEO's leadership style and values, readers can gain a deeper understanding of the company's organizational culture and values.Lastly, it would be important to address the CEO's perspective on corporate social responsibility and sustainability. In today's business environment, companies are increasingly expected to prioritize environmental and social impact alongside financial performance. Understanding how the CEO views these issues and the company's efforts to contribute to the greater good can provide insights into their commitment to ethical business practices.Overall, interviewing the CEO of a prominent computer company presents a valuable opportunity to gain insights into the tech industry, leadership, and corporate responsibility. By exploring the CEO's background, achievements, industry perspective, leadership philosophy, and commitment to sustainability, readers can gain a comprehensive understanding of the company's values and vision for the future.。

Former South Korean President Roh Dead in Apparent Suicide

Former South Korean President Roh Dead in Apparent Suicide
Broadcast date: 5-23-2009 / Written by Kurt Achin
From /voanews/english/ Former South Korean President Roh Moo-hyun has died in an apparent suicide. Mr. Roh fell to his death Saturday from a mountain cliff. The former president was facing an intense corruption investigation. A lawyer for Mr. Roh's family says the former head of state left a brief note about his mental anguish Saturday before taking his own life. Moon Jae-in, a former aide, says Mr. Roh apparently jumped from a mountain cliff Saturday during an early morning hike. He died of injuries soon thereafter. Mr. Roh and members of his family have been under investigation for allegedly receiving millions of dollars in bribes from a business executive. In his apparent suicide note, Mr. Roh requested he be cremated and be remembered with a small stone monument in his ruran President Roh Moo -hyun arrives at the Supreme Public Prosecutor's Office in Seoul, South Korea, 30 Apr 2009

有人质疑你的产品时该怎么办

有人质疑你的产品时该怎么办0St ev e n S ino fsk y是微软前Win d ow s部门的总裁，去年，他离开微软成为了轰动一时的新闻。

因为正是他掌管着微软最赚钱的产品：Win d ow s。

S in ofs k y创造了微软Of f ic e的神话，并且在微软由于Win d ow s Vist a 系统的糟糕表现而陷入危机的时候，也是S ino fsk y带领着微软走出了泥潭。

除此之外，在上世纪90年代，他还曾经是盖茨的左膀右臂。

因此，S in ofsk y提出的建议，还是非常值得考虑的。

S in ofs k y最近在他的博客中向创业者讲述，在有人质疑你的新产品的时候，你该如何处理。

S in ofs ky认为，人们通常会通过以下5个方面来质疑新产品或新方案，创业者或产品经理应该学会处理这些质疑：1.这个产品曾经出现过：很少有绝对创新的产品。

通常情况下，就算绝对创新的产品出现，它解决的也是那些其他产品已经解决的问题。

在现实中，如果你考虑的范围够大，你几乎可以为所有新产品找到与它类似的老产品。

就连Ve lc ro，Sw iff er ，F ac e bo o k和Ins t ag ra m也不例外，这些产品都属于极具创新精神的产品，它们都是用了最新的技术，但是解决的也只是一些老产品已经解决过的问题。

不同的是，它们能够为用户提供一种更好的解决这些问题的方式。

你在经营自己的产品的时候，也应该拥有这样的精神。

你需要关注的只是产品的价值，它能不能为用户提供一种更好的解决问题的方式。

2.只是一个新功能：在科技产业，我们经常会遇到这样一种情况，就是当一个新产品出现的时候，人们总是会轻描淡写的将这个产品描述成“只是多了一种功能而已”。

这句话其实没错，但是新功能正是新产品的灵魂。

做为消费者，其实我们并不需要每一个新的产品或是服务都完全颠覆以前的产品的使用体验。

而对于企业来说，我们也不能将宝贵的资源和资金用在完全创新上，尤其是当这种创新违背了企业的营收目标的情况下。

斯洛登

斯洛登家人
斯洛登个人经历（1）
1999年在安妮· 阿伦德尔社区学院学习计算机专业
2004年5月7日，斯诺登自愿加入美国陆军，同时希望最终能参加特种部队。
2007年，CIA将其派驻瑞士日内瓦负责维持计算机网络安全，并给予其外交身份掩护。
2009年，离开中情局，为戴尔计算机公司工作，随后供职于美国国家安全局的一家合同承包公司。
寻求美国宪法庇护，安然无恙
2 长期流亡
3
永远消失
“互联网自由”的拥护者-斯洛登
“我愿意牺牲一切的原因是，良心上无法允许美国政府侵犯全球民众隐私、互联网自由。”
“我知道我的举动会让我经受灾难，但如果联邦政府的秘密法令、不平等赦免以及不可抗拒执行力量等这些支配着我所深爱的世界时，这些被立即曝光出来，我会非常满足。”
斯洛登简介
全名：爱德华· 约瑟夫· 斯诺登（Edward Joseph Snowden），生于1983年6月21日。前美国中央情报局（CIA）雇员，亦担任美国国家安全局（NSA）的美籍技术承包人。 2013年（癸巳年）6月将美国国家安全局关于PRISM监听项目的秘密文档披露给了《卫报》和《华盛顿邮报》，随即遭美国政府通缉，事发时人在香港，随后飞往俄罗斯。 6月21日，斯诺登通过《卫报》再次曝光英国“颞颥”秘密情报监视项目。2013年7月 1日晚，维基解密网站日前披露，美国“棱镜门”事件泄密者爱德华· 斯诺登(Edward Snowden)在向厄瓜多尔和冰岛申请庇护后，又向19个国家寻求庇护。委内瑞拉、尼加拉瓜和玻利维亚3国已经表示愿意为他提供庇护。8月1日，北京时间7：30斯诺登离开俄罗斯谢列梅捷沃机场前往莫斯科境内，并获得俄罗斯为期1年的临时避难申请。

理查德布鲁斯切尼

早年经历
迪克·切尼漫画 1941年1月30日生于美国内布拉斯加州的林肯市，1954年随家人移居怀俄明州的卡斯珀并在那里长大。他曾获得耶鲁大学的奖学金而就读于该校，但是三个学期后就离校回家了。他在一家电气公司找到工作，同时还就读于怀俄明大学。1966年切尼获怀俄明大学政治学硕士学位，1968年曾在威斯康星大学攻读哲学博士学位。
和布什、拉姆斯菲尔德在一起关塔那摩、阿布格里卜……这些名字如今已经成为美军虐囚丑闻的代名词。经过1年时间调查，美国《华盛顿邮报》披露了“9·11”事件发生后，美国政策对外籍恐怖嫌疑人待遇的政策转变过程。根据多位美国政府前高官的描述，对于美国政府的这些政策，副总统迪克 ·切尼个人应该负有责任。 2001年11月，也就是“9·11”事件发生2个月后，切尼瞒着众多政府高官说服布什签署命令，改变对待外籍恐怖嫌疑人的政策。报道说，当时，切尼利用和布什共进午餐的一次私人机会，向总统呈交了一份由切尼律师戴维·阿丁顿起草的文书，内容涉及剥夺恐怖嫌疑人在民事法庭或者军事法庭受审的机会，以及允许在不起诉的情况下无限期拘押他们。短短1个小时的午餐时间内，布什就签署了这一文书，并在切尼的命令之下放回到布什的办公桌上，而美国其他政府高官均对此不知情，甚至包括当时的国务卿科林 ·鲍威尔和总统国家安全事务助理康多莉扎·赖斯。随着关塔那摩和阿布格里卜监狱虐囚丑闻的曝光，美国政府的民众支持率也随之下降。即使切尼的支持者也承认，媒体调查的披露将使切尼看上去像个“漫画书中的坏人”，他对美国司法程序的藐视更是拖累了布什政府的民众支持率。

新视野大学英语第三版第四册第三单元sectiona课件ppt

There are many historical examples of people who might be called social entrepreneurs. Susan B. Anthony, for example, _fo_u_g_h__t _fo_r_ women's rights in the United States. Vinoba Bhave created the Land Gift Movement to help India's poor and _la_n_d_l_e_s_s_.
Tips • Crews unload the plane’s cargo; • The packages and envelopes are rapidly reshuffled and sorted according to address; • Then they are loaded onto other aircraft, and flown to their destinations – many within 24 hours of leaving their senders.
4
3 UNIT Being entrepreneurial
Fred Smith and FedEx:
Section A The vision that changed the world
Objectives
To talk about the entrepreneurial spirit To further understand the text To apply the phrases and patterns To master the essay writing skill

参考译文唐纳德·特朗普于加州举行竞选集会引发暴力示威

参考译文：唐纳德·特朗普于加州举行竞选集会引发暴力示威冲突Hello, I'm Sue Montgomery with the BBC news.大家好，我是苏·蒙哥马利，为您播报BBC新闻。

African leaders are meeting in Kenya to discuss ways to stop the poaching of elephants and save the animals from extinction. The Kenyan president Uhuru Kenyatta called for a decisive action to stop the illegal trade in ivory. Anne Soy is in Nairobi. When you look at the statistics in the 1930s and 1940s, there were about 3 to 5 million elephants, but today that population has been disseminated by a factor of 10. There are about just 400,000 elephants. And every year, 30 to 40 thousand are killed. So it means that in about a decade or so, if these slaughter goes on unabated, then they could face extinction. So part of the goals of this meeting is to raise funds to support conservation but the other thing they're also talking about, which they say is very important, is getting communities to support anti-poaching efforts.非洲领导人相聚肯尼亚共同商讨阻止猎杀大象、保护灭绝动物的办法。

理查德道金斯

理查德道金斯
英国演化生物学家
01 生平
03 批判宗教
目录
02 科学研究 04 基金会
05 个人荣誉
07 相关介绍
目录
06 私人生活 08 著名论坛
基本信息
理查德·道金斯（Richard Dawkins，1941年3月26日—），英国著名演化生物学家、动物行为学家和科普作家，英国皇家科学院院士，牛津大学教授，是当今仍在世的最著名、最直言不讳的无神论者和演化论拥护者之一，有“达尔文的罗威纳犬”（Darwin's Rottweiler）的称号。道金斯原为牛津大学科普教授，现任英国人文主义协会副主席，并担任英国皇家学会会士、英国皇家文学会会士同英国世俗公会荣誉会员。
批判宗教
批判宗教
理查德·道金斯是当代最著名的无神论者之一，他崇尚科学与理智并批评世界上所有的宗教都是人类制造的骗局。他引用哲学家罗素的比喻，认为信仰上帝就如同相信有一把茶壶在绕火星飞行，虽然我们不能证明上帝和茶壶都并不存在，但是他们存在的几率却是微乎其微到基本上不可能。而对于“智能设计论”的创建者声称其论点为“科学”，道金斯表明没有证据显示上帝的存在。达尔文的演化论是至今为止唯一能够解释物种起源的科学理论，创世论与智能设计并不是科学，因为他们缺乏证据；说上帝创造了万物并不能解决任何问题，因为我们无法解释上帝的存在。《上帝错觉》
科学研究
Байду номын сангаас
科学研究
迷因
理查德·道金斯在他的第一本书《自私的基因》中提出迷因学说。他认为演化的驱动力不是个人、全人类或各个物种，而是“复制者”（replicator），所谓复制者既包括基因也包括迷因（是文化资讯传承时的单位）。基因是细胞内决定某一生物体的性状的遗传物质。道金斯认为基因是我们的原动力：自私并且只对自己的生存和繁殖感兴趣。他宣称行为和生理机能可以由基因的永久性来解释。我们只是自己基因的传播媒介，是一套“生存机器”（survival machine），而这些“机器”的价值体现于是否能够提高基因存活与繁衍的成功率。道金斯还解释说即使那些看起来利他（altruistic）的行为都符合这个“自私”的模式。比方说，既然子女会有一半的基因和母亲的相同，如果一位母亲会牺牲自己的生命来保护她的孩子，那么她的基因就会继续存活下去。因此，她看来无私的行为实际只是基因（即“复制者”）利用生存机器确保自己的复制体更可能存活下去的一个策略。《自私的基因》英文原版

美国文学简史复习资料[1]

美国文学美国文学Part 1. Colonial AmericaPhilip Freneau Philip Freneau菲菲利普·弗伦诺1752-1832The Wild Honeysuckle野生的金银花；The Indian Burying Ground 印第安人殡葬地印第安人殡葬地 Jonathan Edwards Jonathan Edwards The Freedom of the Will The Great Doctrine of Original Sin The Freedom of the Will The Great Doctrine of Original Sindefended T he The Nature of True VirtueBenjamin Franklin 本杰明·富兰克林本杰明·富兰克林Poor Richard’s Almanack 穷查理历书；The Autobiography 自传Part 2. A merican American Romanticism It is one of the most important periods in the history of American literature ,t Romantic Period ,which stretches from the end of the 18th century through the out breakof Civil War.It started with the publication of Washington Irving's The Sketch bookand ended with Whitman's Leave of Grass .American Romanticism was in essence the expression of "a real new experience "and contained "an alien quality "for the simplereason that "the spirit of the place" was radically new and alien.And it was bo imitative and independent.Washington Irving 华盛顿·欧文1783-1859 A History of New York 纽约的历史纽约的历史---------------美国人写的第一部诙谐文学美国人写的第一部诙谐文学杰作；杰作；The The Sketch Book 见闻札记The Legend of Sleepy Hollow 睡谷的传说的传说---------------使之成为美国第一个获得国际声誉的作家；使之成为美国第一个获得国际声誉的作家；Rip Van Winkle -------short storyJames Fenimore Cooper 詹姆斯·费尼莫尔·库珀1789-1851The Spy 间谍;The Pioneer 拓荒者；;The Prairie 大草原;ThePathfinder 探路者;The Deerslayer 杀鹿者Part 3.New England TranscendentalismRalf Waldo Emerson 拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生1803-1882Essays 散文集散文集::Nature 论自然-----新英格兰超验主义者的宣言书;TheAmerican Scholar 论美国学者;Henry David Threau 亨利·大卫·梭罗1817-1862W adden,or Life in the Woods 华腾湖或林中生活Henry Wadsworth Longfellow ·朗费罗 An April Day 四月的一天/A Psalm of Life 人生礼物(poem )/PNathaniel Hawthorne 纳撒尼尔·霍桑1804-1864 Twice-told Tales 尽人皆知的故事尽人皆知的故事;Mosses from an Old Manse ;Mosses from an Old Manse 古屋青苔:Young Goodman Brown 年轻的古德曼·布朗年轻的古德曼·布朗年轻的古德曼·布朗;The Scarlet Letter ;The Scarlet Letter红字红字;The House of the Seven Gables ;The House of the Seven Gables 有七个尖角阁的房子有七个尖角阁的房子----------------心理若们罗曼史心理若们罗曼史;The Blithedale Romance ;The Blithedale Romance 福谷传奇福谷传奇;The Marble Faun ;The Marble Faun玉石雕像玉石雕像Herman Melville Moby Dick/The White Whale 莫比·迪克/白鲸；Walt Whitman Leaves of Grass 草叶集:Song of Myself 自我之歌Emily Dickinson ； “Because I could not stop for death ” “I ＇ｍ no body... ”poemEdgar Allan Poe 埃德加·爱伦·坡1809-18491809-1849（以诗为（以诗为诗；永为世人共赏的伟大抒情诗人伟大抒情诗人----------叶芝）叶芝）The Fall of the House of Usher 厄舍古屋的倒塌;Annabel Lee 安娜贝尔·李Poem-----歌特风格；首开近代侦探小说先河，又是法国象征主义运动的源头T 诗:The Raven 乌鸦;To Hellen 致海伦 Harriet Beecher Stowe Uncle Tom’s Cabin 汤姆叔叔的小屋;Part 4. The age of RealismWilliam Dean Howells 威廉·狄恩·豪威尔斯恩·豪威尔斯The Rise of Silas Lapham 赛拉斯·拉帕姆的发迹;A Hazard of Now Fortunes 时来运转;2323、、Henry James 小说：Daisy Miller苔瑟·米乐；The Portrait of a Lady 贵妇人画像；Part 5. Local ColorismMark Twain 马克·吐温（Samuel Longhorne Clemens Clemens））------美国文美国文学的一大里程碑学的一大里程碑The Gilded Age 镀金时代 -----------novel;The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 哈克贝利·费恩历险记How to Tell a Story 怎样讲故事怎样讲故事---------对美国早期幽默文学的总结对美国早期幽默文学的总结对美国早期幽默文学的总结 O. Henry short story 短篇小说 The Four Million ”《四百万》”《四百万》小说集小说集、“The Gift of the Magi ”《麦琪的礼物》《麦琪的礼物》Part 6. American NaturalismFrank Norris The Octopus 章鱼,The Pit 小麦交易所);4040、、JackLondon 杰克·伦敦1876-1916T he Call of the Wild 野性的呼唤----novel ;The Sea-wolf 海狼;White Fang 白獠牙;T ;Martin Eden 马丁·伊登;Part 7. The 1920s ImagismEzra Pound 艾兹拉·庞德1885-1972美国现代诗歌之父美国现代诗歌之父Cathay 华夏（英译中国诗The Cantos of Ezra Pound 庞德诗章（109首及8首未完成稿）《In a station of the Metro 》----在地铁站里 Thomas Stearns Eliot The Waste Land 荒原;名诗：名诗：Ash Ash Wednesday 圣灰星期三圣灰星期三;;FourQuarters 四个四重奏Robert Frost 罗伯特·弗罗斯特1874-1963 After Apple-picking 摘苹果之后)(The Road Not taken 没有选择的道路)----poem---------Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening <雪夜林畔>F Scott Fitzgerald 弗朗西斯·菲茨杰拉德1896-1940(迷惘的一代一代) )The Side of Paradise 人间天堂;The Beautiful and the Damned 美丽的和倒霉;The Great Gatsby 了不起的盖茨比;Tender in the Night 夜色温柔Ernest Ernest Hemingway Hemingway 欧内斯特·海明威1899-19611899-1961（“迷惘（“迷惘的一代”的代表人物）物）The Sun Also Rises 太阳照样升起太阳照样升起;;Farewellto Arms 永别了，武器;For Whom the Bell Tolls 丧钟为谁而鸣William William Faulkner Faulkner威廉·福克纳1897-1962短篇小说：;The Sound and the Fury 愤怒与喧嚣;；Short story ------A Rose For Emily 《给艾米丽小姐的玫瑰》 Theodore Dreiser西奥多·德莱塞1871-1945Sister Carrie 嘉莉姐妹----Novel ;Trilogy of Desire 欲望三部曲(Financer 金融家,The Titan 巨人,The Stoic);An American Tragedy 美国的悲剧（被称为美国最伟大的小说） Arthur Miller ;The Death of a Salesman 推销员--------Play ;１．《了不起的盖茨比》表现了“美国梦”的幻灭，这部小说谴责以托姆为代表的美国特权阶级自私专横，为所欲为，以同情的态度描写了盖茨比的悲剧，并指出他的悲剧来自他对生活和爱情的幻想，对上层社会缺乏认识。

他使黑手党震惊不已——记美国杰出侦探约瑟夫·皮斯顿

皮斯顿是美籍意大利人
。
,
黑手党起源于意大利人或美籍意大利人
迄今仍有部分骨干是意大利而这
, 。
是每周 2 3次重要清况随时联系 , 会面地点不固定如有时就在艺术博物馆内外出时皮斯顿从不记笔记
皮斯顿已扣人科伦波家族的一
,
冬
长期以来
, ,
扣人黑手党外围组织后
,
皮斯顿仍得与联邦调
,
美国联邦调查局对黑手党甚感头
。
以便不断递送情报和取得活动资插手此事的人不
。
痛但苦于没有对付它的良策
动更为猖撅
他使黑手党震惊不已
—
华
, ,
记美国杰出侦探约瑟夫王
。
皮斯顿
斌
编译
美国黑手党组织严密凶狠狡猾作恶多端长期以来治安当局仅能伤其皮毛而对黑手党上
。 ,
先从外围组织入手
美国黑手党组织严密
人休想进人
。
层人物则因缺乏足够证据一直未能触动
,
,
次斯栩喇扣人科伦位康坟外口舰
,
织不久
,
,
两名黑手党成员便对他产生了怀疑
认为
~ 样难忆位偏幼 , 产绝了怀级 . 悠拉游艇是我从女朋友的哥哥那里借来的精明的皮斯顿立即回答

斯蒂夫盖瑞沃兹尼亚克

个人性格
在《史蒂夫·乔布斯传》中，作者Walter Isaacson对沃兹的性格描述是内敛不擅长社交但为人忠厚、勤奋苦干型的技术男，他与人为善，喜欢和睦的氛围，希望公司就像家一样的融洽，不太满意于乔布斯把公司的气氛变得很紧张。乔布斯对其评价为，幼稚不成熟的。
淡出苹果
万用遥控器教师生涯
近期动向跨职业发展
开学后，沃兹以电子概念重新设计蓝盒子，他使用晶体振荡器确保频率准确度，并将芯片输入端所散逸的微弱电子讯号重新导向晶体管放大器，使得一组零件可以同时做三件事，而不只是输出输入两件事。沃兹坦承这是他最突破传统也最值得自傲的电路设计，而这款电子蓝盒子也不负所望，成功奏效。后来乔布斯和沃兹两人曾一度违法兜售蓝盒子。后来，沃兹就常被人们称为“伯克利蓝（Berkeley Blue）”。
沃兹的蓝盒子，现藏电脑历史博物馆不久，沃兹经由加州库比蒂诺KKUP电台居中联系，结识杂志文章中的电话飞客“嗄咂船长”3约翰·德雷普。那天稍晚，沃兹和乔布斯在高速公路上抛锚，两人步行到附近的加油站公共电话用蓝盒子向友人求援，不料遭遇警察盘查，沃兹谎称蓝盒子是电子音乐合成器逃过一劫，但是当夜他自己开车回加州大学伯克利分校时却因疲劳失神撞上护栏出了车祸，沃兹的车子因此报销。
奶油苏打电脑的特色是，几乎所有电脑还在使用磁芯内存的时候，沃兹就率先使用了安装相对简便的随机存取内存芯片，当时一般的电脑动辄就是几百颗芯片的庞然大物，沃兹则秉持小而美的精神，使用少量的芯片拼凑出电脑的基本功能。也由于奶油苏打电脑，经由费南德兹的介绍，沃兹结识了生命中的另一位重要角色斯蒂夫·乔布斯，两人很快志同道合熟络起来，后来奶油苏打电脑被来访的报社记者不慎踩到电源线导致短路，结束了它短命的一生。
喜欢恶作剧的沃兹经常利用蓝盒子作弄接线生，其中最著名的一次，莫过于沃兹假冒美国国务卿基辛格，代美国总统尼克松打电话给罗马教皇，当时教皇正在休息，沃兹的把戏随后也......

犹太文化及世界著名犹太人【德文】

Geschichte Israel ( Zitate)……Die Regierung seiner Majestät betrachtet mit Wohlwollen die Errichtung einer nationalen Heimstätte für das jüdische Volk in Palästina und wird ihr bestes tun,die Erreichung dieses Zieles zu erleichtern,wobei wohlverstanden nichts geschehen soll,was die bürgerlichen und religiösen Rechte der bestehenden, nicht jüdischen Gemeinschaften in Palästina oder die Rechte und den politischen Status der Juden on andern Ländern in Frage stellen könnte.“Balfour-Erklärung , 2. November 1917 anBaron RothchildDie verstorbenen Führer der zionistischen Bewegung ließen uns eine klare Botschaft zurück:Eretz Israel für die zukünftigen Generationen einer Masseneinwanderung und für das ganze jüdische Volk,das in diesem Lande gesammelt wird,vom Meer bis zum Jordanfluss zu halten.Former Prime Minister Yitzhak Shamir declares at a TelAviv memorial service for former Likud leaders,November 1950. Jerusalem Domestic Radio Service.…Wir müssen die Araber vertreiben und ihren Platz einnehmen“David Ben Gurion, future Prime Minister ofIsrael, 1937, Ben Gurion and the PalestineArabs, Oxford University Press, 1985.Theodore Herzl, founder of the WorldZionist Organization, speaking of theArabs of Palestine,Complete Diaries,June 12, 1895 entry.…Die arme Bevölkerung trachten wir unbemerkt über die Grenze zu schaffen,indem wir ihr in den Durchzugsländern Arbeit verschaffen,aber in unserm eigenen Lande jegliche Arbeit verweigern. Die besitzende Bevölkerung wird zu unsübergehen. Das Expropriationswerk muss ebenso wie die Fortschaffung der Armen mit Zartheit und Behutsamkeit erfolgen.“…Wir müssen alle Palästinenser töten, wenn sie sich nicht damit abfinden, hier als Sklaven zu leben….“Chairman Heilbrun of the Committee for theRe-election of General Shlomo Lahat, themayor of Tel Aviv, October 1983.“Wir gingen nach draußen.Ben Gurion begleitete uns.Allon wiederholte seine Frage:…Was sollen wir mit der palästinensischen Bevölkerung tun?“Ben Gurion hob seine Hand mit einer Geste, die bedeutete:treibt sie alle hinaus!“Yitzhak Rabin, leaked censored versionof Rabin memoirs, published in the NewYork Times, 23 October 1979.…Wir müssen Terror anwenden,Mord, Einschüchterung,Landenteignung und die Verweigerung aller sozialen Dienste,damit Galiläa seine arabische Bevölkerung los wird.Israel Koenig, "The Koenig Memorandum"Rabins Beschreibung der Eroberung von Lydda nach der Erfüllung des Planes Dalet:…Wir sollen die arabische Bevölkerung auf eine Gemeinschaft von Holzhackern und Wasserträger reduzieren.“Uri Lubrani, PM Ben-Gurion's specialadviser on Arab Affairs, 1960. From"The Arabs in Israel" by Sabri Jiryas.…Die zionistische Kolonisierung muss entweder beendet oder gegen den Willen der einheimischen Bevölkerung ausgeführt werden.Diese Kolonisierung kann deshalb nur fortgeführt werden und Fortschritte machen,wenn sie unter dem Schutz einer von der einheimischen Bevölkerung unabhängigen Macht steht–eine eiserne Mauer,die so positioniert ist,dass sie Druck der einheimischen Bevölkerung widersteht.Dies ist unsere Politik gegenüber den Arabern.Vladimir Jabotinsky, The Iron Wall, 1923.…Eine freiwillige Versöhnung mit den Arabern kommt nicht in Frage–weder jetzt noch in der Zukunft.Wenn man ein Land kolonisieren will, in dem schon ein anderes Volk lebt,muss man um seinetwillen eine Garnison aufbauen.Oder gebt die Kolonisierung auf;denn ohne bewaffnete Kräfte,die jeden Versuch unmöglich machen,diese Kolonisierung zu zerstören oder zu verhindern.???Kolonisierung ist unmöglich,sie ist nicht schwierig,nicht gefährlich aber unmöglich. Zionismus ist ein Kolonisationsabenteuer und deshalb steht oder fällt er mit der Frage bewaffneter Kräfte.Es ist wichtig,hebräisch zu sprechen, aber leider ist es noch wichtiger,schießen zu können.Sonst ist die Sache mit der Kolonisierung für mich erledigt.Vladimir Jabotinsky, founder of RevisionistZionism (precursor of Likud), The Iron Wall, 1923.Da gibt es einige,die glauben,dass die nicht-jüdische Bevölkerung,selbst mit einem hohen Prozentsatz,innerhalb unserer Grenzen besser unter unsrer Aufsicht ist.Andere glauben das Gegenteil:es sei einfacher die Aktivitäten eines Nachbarn zuüberwachen als die eines Untermieters.Ich neige eher zur letzteren Ansicht und habe ein zusätzliches Argument:um den Charakter eines Staates zu erhalten,der in Zukunft jüdisch ist,darf die Minorität nicht mehr als15%ausmachen.-Ich hatte diese fundamentale Position schon1940erreicht und dies in mein Tagebuch eingetragen.Joseph Weitz, head of the Jewish Agency'sColonization Department. From Israel: anApartheid State by Uri Davis, p.5.…Jüdische Dörfer nahmen den Platz der ehemals arabischen ein.Ihnen werden noch nicht einmal die Namen der arabischen Dörfer bekannt sein.Das ist auch richtig so, denn diese Landkartenvariante existiert nicht mehr.Aber nicht nur die Landkarte,sondern auch die arabischen Dörfer sind verschwunden.Aus Mahalul entstand Nahalal, Gibta musste Gevat Platz machen,Haneifs wich Sarid..es gibt keinen einzigen Ort in diesem Land,dessen Bewohner nicht arabisch waren.“Moshe Dayan, address to the Technion, Haifa,reported in Haaretz, April 4, 1969.1899schrieb Davis Triesch an Herzl:Ich würde Ihnen vorschlagen,noch bei Zeiten nach…Groß-Palästina“zu kommen,bevor es zu spät ist.Das Programm von Basel muss die Worte…Groß-Palästina“oder…Palästina und seine benachbarten Länder“enthalten,sonst ist es Unsinn.Sie können nicht die Millionen Juden in einem Land von25000qkm unterbringen.“…Die gegenwärtige Karte Palästinas wurde vom britischen Mandat gezeichnet.Das israelische Volk hat eine andere Karte,für die unsere Jugend und unsere Erwach-senen kämpfen werden,um sie zu erfüllen –vom Nil bis zum Euphrat.“Ben Gurion…Es liegt auf den Schultern der Leute, sich auf den Krieg vorzubereiten–aber es liegt auf der israelischen Armee,den Kampf durchzuführen mit dem äußersten Ziel,das israelische Empire zu errichten.“Moshe Dayan (Israel Defense andForeign Minister), on February 121952. Radio "Israel."…Die einzige Lösung heißt Eretz Israel“oder wenigstens das westliche Eretz Israel:alles was westlich des Jordan liegt–ohne Araber.Da gibt es keinen Kompromiss in diesem Punkt…wir dürfen kein einziges Dorf,keinen einzigen Stammübrig lassen.Joseph Weitz, Director of the JewishNational Fund, the Zionist agency chargedwith acquiring Palestinian land, Circa 194.Machover Israca, January 5, 1973p.2.…Unter uns muss klar sein,dass es keinen Platz für beide Völker in diesem Lande gibt.Wir werden unser Ziel nicht erreichen,wenn die Araber in diesem kleinen Land bleiben.Es gibt keinen andern Weg,als sie aus dem Land zu vertreiben.Joseph Weitz, head of the Jewish Agency'sColonization Department in 1940. From "ASolution to the Refugee Problem"…Wir müssen alles tun,um sicher zu gehen, dass sie(Palästinenser)nie wieder in ihre Häuser zurückkehren,versicherte Ben Gurion gegenüber seinen zionistischen Kollegen.…Die Alten werden sterben,und die Jungen werden es vergessen.“David Ben-Gurion, in his diary, 18July 1948, quoted in Michael BarZohar's Ben-Gurion: the ArmedProphet, Prentice-Hall, 1967, p. 157.Einer der sich am längsten gehaltenen und irreführendsten Slogans des Zionismus war von Zangwill,der ihn vor fast110Jahren geprägt hatte: Palästina war…Ein Land ohne Volk für ein Volk ohne Land.“Nachdem Achad HaAm,der hebräische Essaist1891Palästina besucht hatte schreib er:…Im Ausland glaubten wir,dass Israel fast leer sei,dass in Palästina nichts wachsen würde und dass jeder,der hier Land zu kaufen wünscht,hierher kommen und kaufen kann,was sein Herz begehrt.In Wirklichkeit sieht die Situation ganz anders aus.Es ist schwierig im ganzen Land kultivierbares Land zu finden,das nicht schon kultiviert ist.“…Wie können wir besetzte Gebiete zurückgeben.Da gibt es keinem,dem wir dies zurückgeben können.So etwas wie Palästinenser gibt es nicht“…Wenn die Leute sich an die große Zahl (ca 750000Flüchtlinge)gewöhnen und wir womöglich gezwungen werden,die Flüchtlinge zurückzunehmen,wird es für uns schwierig werden,wenn wir mit Horden von Anspruchsberechtigten konfrontiert sein werden,die Welt davon zu überzeugen,dass nicht alle früher auf israelischen Gebiet gelebt haben.Es wird auf jeden Fall wünschenswert sein,die Zahlen zu verkleinern…“Golda Meir, March 8, 1969.Golda Maier Israeli Prime Minister June 15, 1969……Wenn die Leute sich an die große Zahl(ca.750000 Flüchtlinge)gewöhnen und wir womöglich gezwungen werden,die Flüchtlinge zurückzunehmen,wird es für uns schwierig werden,wenn wir mit Horden von Anspruchsberechtigten konfrontiert sein werden,die Welt davon zuüberzeugen,dass nicht alle früher auf israelischen Gebiet gelebt haben.Es wird auf jeden Fall wünschenswert sein,die Zahlen zu verkleinern…Offizieller des isr.Außenministeriums in einem Briefan Walter Eytan.Bei Benny Morris,The Birth of thePal.Refugee Problem,S.297)Es ist die Pflicht der israelischen Führer der isr.Öffentlichkeit klar und mutig einige Fakten erklären,die mit der Zeit vergessen worden sind. Das erste:es gibt keinen Zionismus, Kolonisierung oder einen jüdischen Staat ohne Vertreibung der Araber und die Enteignung ihres Landes.“Yoram Bar Porath, Yediot Aahronot,of 14 July 1972.…Wir sollten uns nun auf die Offensive vorbereiten.Unser Ziel ist es,den Libanon zu zerschmettern und Transjordanien und Syrien.Der schwächste Punkt ist der Libanon,denn das muslimische Regime ist künstlich und es wird für uns einfach sein,es zu unterminieren.Wir werden dort einen christlichen Staat errichten und dann werden wir die arabische Legion zerschmettern,Transjordanien eliminieren.Syrien wird fallen. Wir werden dann weiter bombardieren und weiter gehen,Port Said einnehmen,Alexandria und den Sinai.“David Ben-Gurion, May 1948, to the GeneralStaff. From Ben-Gurion, A Biography, by MichaelBen-Zohar, Delacorte, New York 1978.David Ben-Gurion, one of the fatherfounders of Israel, described Zionistaims in 1948…Ein christlicher Staat sollte(im Libanon)errichtet werden mit der südlichen Grenze am Ufer des Litsani.Wir werden ein Bündnis mit ihm schließen.Dann werden wir die Arabische Legion aufreiben,Amman bombardieren,wir werden auch Transjordanien eliminieren;Syrien wird an uns fallen.WennÄgypten weiter gegen uns zu kämpfen wagt,werden wir Port Said,Alexandira und Kairo bombardieren und auf diese Weise werden wir den Krieg beenden und die Rechnung unserer Urväter mitÄgypten, Assyrien und Aram begleichen.…Israel hätte die Unterdrückung der Demonstrationen in China ausnützen sollen, als die Aufmerksamkeit der Welt sich auf dieses Land konzentrierte,um eine Massenver-treibung der Palästinenser aus den besetzten Gebieten auszuführen“Benyamin Netanyahu, then Israeli Deputy ForeignMinister, former Prime Minister of Israel, tellsstudents at Bar Ilan University, From the Israelijournal Hotam, November 24, 1989.…Jeder solle sich bewegen,rennen und so viele Hügel grabschen,wie er kann,umdie Siedlungen zu vergrößern;denn alles was wir jetzt nehmen,können wir behalten und alles,was wir nicht grabschen,wird ihnen gehören.“Ariel Sharon, Israeli Foreign Minister,addressing a meeting of militants from theextreme right-wing Tsomet Party, AgenceFrance Presse, November 15, 1998.…Hat man je gesehen,dass ein Volk sein Land freiwillig aufgibt?In derselben Weise werden auch die Araber Palästinas nicht ohne Gewalt ihre Herrschaft aufgeben.Vladimir Jabotinsky (the founder and advocateof the Zionist terrorist organizations), Quoted byMaxime Rodinson in Peuple Juif ou ProblemJuif. (Jewish People or Jewish Problem).…Wenn ich ein arabischer Führer wäre,würde ich niemals ein Abkommen mit Israel unterzeichnen.Es ist normal;wir haben ihnen das Land weggenommen.Es stimmt zwar:Gott hat es uns versprochen.Aber wieso sollte sie das interessieren?Unser Gott ist nicht der Ihrige.Da gab es den Antisemitismus,die Nazis,Hitler,Auschwitz.Aber war das ihre Schuld?Sie sahen nur eines:wir sind gekommen und haben ihr Land gestohlen.Warum sollen sie das akzeptieren?David Ben Gurion (the first Israeli PrimeMinister)quoted by Nahum Goldmann in LeParaddoxe Juif (The Jewish Paradox), pp121.“Die Palästinenser sollten wie Heuschrek-ken zermalmt werden….ihre Köpfe an Felsen und Mauern zerdrückt werden.“Isreali Prime Minister, Yitzhak Shamir,in a speech to Jewish settlers NewYork Times April 1, 1988…Wenn wir das Land besiedelt haben, werden alle Araber etwas dagegen tun.Sie werden wie besoffene Küchenschaben in einer Flasche herumrasen.“Raphael Eitan, Chief of Staff of theIsraeli Defence Forces, New YorkTimes, 14 April 1983.…Wenn wir denken,dass anstelle von 200palästinensischen Todesfällen2000 Tote dem Kampf mit einem Schlag ein Ende setzen würden,würden wir viel mehr Gewalt anwenden…“Israeli Prime Minister EhudBarak, quoted in AssociatedPress, November 16, 2000.…Die These,dass die Gefahr des Genozids im Juni1967über uns gehangen habe und Israel für sein physischesÜberleben gekämpft habe,ist reiner Bluff.Sie wurde erst nach dem Krieg erfunden.Israeli General Matityahu Peled,Ha'aretz, 19 March 1972.…Wir erklärenöffentlich,dass die Araber keine Rechte haben,auf nur einem qm Land von Eretz Israel zu siedeln.…Gewalt ist das einzige,was sie tun und verstehen.Wir sollten dieäußerste Gewalt anwenden,bis die Palästinenser auf allen vieren zu uns gekrochen kommen“.Rafael Eitan, Chief of Staff of the IsraeliDefense Forces -Gad Becker, Yediot Ahronot13 April 1983, New York Times 14 April 1983.…Da besteht eine große Kluft zwischen uns,den Juden,und unsern Feinden-nicht nur in den Fähigkeiten,sondern auch,was die Moral,die Kultur,die Heiligkeit des Lebens und was das Gewissen betrifft.Sie sind hier zwar unsere Nachbarn.Aber es scheint als,wären sie ein paar hundert Meter weit entfernt.Da gibt es Leute,die nicht zu unserm Kontinent,in unsere Welt gehören,sondern tatsächlich zu einer anderen Galaxie“.Israeli president Moshe Katsav. TheJerusalem Post, May 10, 2001…Die Palästinenser sind wie Krokodile,je mehr Fleisch man ihnen gibt,um so mehr wollen sie.Ehud Barak, Prime Minister of Israel atthe time -August 28, 2000. Reported inthe Jerusalem Post August 30, 2000…Die Palästinenser sind wilde Tiere,die auf zwei Beinen gehen“Menahim Begin, speech to the Knesset,quoted in Amnon Kapeliouk, "Beginand the Beasts". New Statesman, 25June 1982.…Jüdisches Blut und das Blut eines Nicht-Juden sind nicht dasselbe“.Rabbi Yitzhak Ginsberg folgerte daraus,dass Töten kein Mord sei,wenn das Opfer ein einheimischer sei.Israeli Rabbi Yitzhak Ginsburg, Inferringthat killing isn't murder if the victim isGentile. Jerusalem Post, June 19,1989.…Selbst wenn die UN-Vollversammlung mit 121zu1Stimme zugunsten von Israel stimmen würde,dass es sich zur Waffenstillstandlinie(1967)zurückziehen solle.Israel würde sich nicht dieser Entscheidung anschließen“.Aba Eban (the Israeli Foreign Minister)stated arrogantly. New York Times June19, 1967.…Jedes Mal,wenn wir etwas tun,sagen Sie,ein Amerikaner würde dies und jenes tun…ich will ihnen etwas klar sagen:…Beunruhigen sie sich nichtüber den amerikanischen Druck auf Israel. Wir,das jüdische Volk,kontrollieren Amerika und die Amerikaner wissen es“Israeli Prime Minister, Ariel Sharon,October 3, 2001, to Shimon Peres, asreported on Kol Yisrael radio.…Das beunruhigendste politische Phänomen unserer Zeit ist die kritische Lage in dem neu geschaffenen Staat Israel von der Herut-Partei (Freiheitspartei),die in ihrer Organisation, Methode,politischer Philosophie und sozialem Anspruch sehr verwandt zu faschistischen Parteien sei.“[Begin,and Yitzhak Shamir who were members of theparty became Prime Ministers.]Albert Einstein,HannaArendt and other prominent Jewish Americans,writingin The New York Times,protest the visit to America ofMenachem Begin,December1948.Wir werden uns der Realität gegenüber sehen, dass Israel weder unschuldig noch(für Juden)erlösend ist.Wir als Juden haben genau das verursacht,was wir historisch erlitten haben:eine Flüchtlingsbevölkerung in der Diaspora.“Martin Buber, Jewish Philosopher,addressed Prime Minister Ben Gurion onthe moral character of the state of Israelwith reference to the Arab refugees in March1949…Als wir-die Nachfolger der jüdischen Propheten-nach Palästina zurückkehrten…wollte die Mehrheit des jüdischen Volkes eher von Hitler lernen als von uns.Martin Buber, to a New York audience,Jewish Newsletter, June 2, 1958.…Hitlers legale Macht gründete sich auf das Er-mächtigungsgesetz,das ganz legal vom Reichstag verabschiedet wurde und das dem Führer und seinen Vertretern in klarer Sprache erlaubte,das zu sein,was sie wollten:in juristischer Sprache:Verfügungen herausgeben,die die Kraft des Gesetzes haben:Genau dieselbe Art von Gesetz wurde unmittelbar nach der1967-Eroberung(der palästinensischen Gebiete)von der Knesset verabschiedet, um dem israelischen Gouverneur und seinen Vertretern die Macht Hitlers zu geben,die sie in hitlerischer Manier anwendeten.Dr.Israel Shahak,Chairperson of the Israeli League forHuman and Civil Rights,and a survivor of the BergenBelsen concentration camp,Commenting on the Israelimilitary's Emergency Regulations following the1967War.Palestine,vol.12,December1983.…Der Anspruch der Juden auf das Land Israel kann nicht ein realistischer politischer Anspruch sein.Wenn alle Völker plötzlich Anspruch auf Länder erheben wollten,in denen ihre Vorfahren vor2000Jahren lebten,dann wäre die Welt ein Irrenhaus.“1Erich Fromm, Jewish Letter vom 29.2.59。

考研真题高频词汇

inquiry panel presence prolong rarely remains trace whereas admire ahead appearance assist attach attractive aware behalf ceremony chemical classical committee convenient error extension harm independence latter laughter license mostly objective output remark
10
nowhere parallel phrase politician privilege procedure recognition salary scholar severe staff temporary transform universal unlike viewer witness assure bias campus commerce contest deprive derive desirable discard employer ensure entertain estimate exhaust inevitable
25
establish extend responsible ambition billion carbon clone predict relate status emerge highly industrial inflation management species achievement addition commercial ignore mass recognize survive various increasingly interpret reveal sector academic acquire advocate affect

人工智能大事记

56 |Grand Garden Of SCIENCEThomas Bayes提出一个用于推理事件概率的框架。

贝叶斯推理成为机器学习的主要方法。

西班牙工程师Leonardo Torres y Quevedo发明了第一台自动国际象棋机。

日本人西村真琴设计了“学天泽”机器人，它是第一个日本造的机器人。

Alan Turing 提出一种用于判定机器是否具有智能的试验方法“模仿游戏”，后来成为闻名的“图灵测试”。

Nikola Tesla展示了世界上第一台无线遥控船，据称船上装备了“借来的大脑”。

无线电设备公司Houdina Radio Control开发了第一辆使用无线电控制的无人驾驶汽车。

Warren S. McCulloch 和Walter Pitts首次提出了神经网络为一个计算模型的理论。

Marvin Minsky 和Dean Edmunds 建立第一个人工神经网络SNARC。

Arthur Samuel开发了第一个计算机跳棋程序和第一个具有学习能力的计算机程序。

“历时两个月，10名成员的人工智能研讨会”中首次提出Artificial Intelligence （AI）。

Herber Simon 和 Allen Newell 开发第一个人工智能程序“逻辑理论家”（Logic Theorist）。

Frank Rosenblatt 发明早期人工神经网络“感知机”（Perceptron）。

Daniel Bobrow 开发自然语言理解程序 STUDENT。

Joseph Weizenbaum 开发互动程序ELIZA，可就任何话题与人类展开对话。

第一个专家系统——DENDRAL诞生。

* 达特茅斯学院召开的一次关于人工智能的研究会，标志着AI领域正式创立。

* 西洋跳棋程序Checkers 击败美国一个州的跳棋冠军，引起大轰动。

第一台工业机器人Unimate开始在新泽西州通用汽车厂的生产线上工作。

美国国防部高级研究计划局向人工智能研究投入了大量的经费，人工智能研究进入热潮。

初中重点英语词汇汇总

初中重点英语词汇汇总1、battle n.战役，斗争vi.作战2、telescope n.望远镜3、curious adj.好奇的，稀奇古怪的4、generous adj.慷慨的，宽厚的5、gather vi.聚集，集合vt.收集6、speak的过去分词7、net adj.净的，纯的n.网，网状物8、average n.平均数adj.平均的9、adventure n.冒险，惊险活动10、smooth adj.平滑的，平静的11、focus vi.聚焦，注视n.焦点12、link vt.连接n.联系13、scold vt.责骂14、remote adj.遥远的15、sunshine n.阳光16、typewriter n.打字机17、skin vt.剥皮n.皮，皮肤；兽皮18、waiter n.侍者，服务员19、reception adj.接待；接待处20、flight n.航班，飞行，逃跑21、confirm vt.证实，肯定，批准22、beard n.胡须，络腮胡子23、mountainous adj.多山的24、aware adj.知道的，意识到的25、niece n.侄女，外甥女26、tyre n.轮胎27、variety n.多样化，种类28、lightning n.闪电29、unusual adj.不平常的，独特的30、measure vt.量，测量n.测量；措施31、sincerely adv.真诚地32、assistant n.助手，助教33、aid n.帮助，救护，助手34、overcome vt.战胜，克服35、conductor n.售票员，(乐队)指挥36、effect n.效果，效力37、design vt.设计n.设计，图样38、dull a.枯燥的，阴暗的39、fax n.vt. 传真40、frequently adv.时常，频繁地41、stare vi.凝视42、entire adj.全部的，彻底的43、highway n.公路，大路44、counter n.柜台，计数器45、destroy vt.破坏，消灭46、repeat vt.重说，重做n.重复47、cure vt.医治n.治愈48、length n.长度49、pattern n.式样，模型50、continent n.大陆，洲51、digital adj.数字的52、satisfaction n.满意53、disappear vi.不见，失踪，消失54、castle n.城堡55、major vi.主修，专攻a.主要的，多数的n.专业56、bone n.骨，骨骼57、litre n.公升58、debate n.vi.争论，辩论59、dust n.灰尘60、amaze vt.使惊奇，使惊愕61、error n.错误，谬误，差错62、spit vi.吐唾沫63、verb n.动词64、frequent adj.经常的65、lawyer n.律师66、clothing n.衣服67、process n.过程vt.处理68、generation n.一代，一代人，产生69、recommend vt.推荐70、disaster n.灾难71、pollution n.污染72、relative adj.有关系的；相对的n.亲戚，亲属73、mental adj.智力的；精神的74、conduct n.举止，行为，指导75、anniversary n.周年纪念日76、mailbox n.邮箱77、suitable adj.适宜的；恰当的78、crime n.罪，罪行，犯罪79、dormitory n.集体寝室，宿舍80、engine n.发动机，引擎81、kindergarten n.幼儿园82、modest adj.谦虚的83、poison n.毒药vt.毒害；投毒84、pure adj.纯洁的85、oxygen n.氧，氧气86、exact adj.确切的，精确的87、casual adj.偶然的，随便的88、basis n.基础，根据89、self n.自我，自己90、trick n.诡计；窍门vt.哄骗91、characteristic adj.特有的n.特性92、honey n.蜜，蜂蜜，甜，甜蜜93、spy n.间谍，特务vt.侦察，监视94、reflect vt.反射，反映；思考95、amuse vt.逗…乐，给…娱乐96、anniversary n.周年纪念日97、ahead adv.在前，向前，提前98、atmosphere n.大气，气氛99、puzzle n.难题；谜vi.使迷惑100、precious adj.珍贵的，宝贵的101、anyhow adv.无论如何102、shortcoming n.短处，缺点103、pleased adj.高兴的104、anger n.怒，愤怒vt.使发怒105、exciting adj.令人兴奋的106、tobacco n.烟草，烟叶107、agent n.代理人，代理商108、painful adj.痛苦的109、apply vt.应用，实施，使用110、quality n.质量；特性111、stage n.舞台；阶段，时期112、fry vt.油煎，油炸，油炒113、ambition n.雄心，抱负，野心114、intend vt.想要，打算，意指115、interpreter n.翻译116、fortune n.命运，运气，财产117、tractor n.拖拉机118、roll vi.滚动，转动n.一卷；名册119、permit vt.允许n.执照，许可证120、update vt.更新，使现代化n.现代化，更新121、fee n.费，酬金，赏金122、entrance n.入口，进入123、flow vi.流动，飘扬，涨潮124、opposite adj.对面的n.对立物125、partner n.伙伴，搭挡，合伙人；配偶126、whistle n.口哨vi.吹口哨127、style n.风格，式样128、gradual adj.逐渐的，渐进的129、stair n.楼梯130、sign n.符号；征兆vt.签名131、former adj.在前的n.前者132、worst adj.最坏的ad.最坏地133、interpret vt.解释，说明，口译134、legal adj.合法的135、faith n.信任，信心，信仰136、clerk n.店员，办事员，职员137、socialism n.社会主义138、technique n.技巧，技能139、flash n.闪光vi.闪，闪烁140、fortnight n.两星期，十四天141、loose adj.宽松的；自由的142、committee n.委员会143、wave n.波，波涛；起伏vi.波动；挥手144、nowhere adv.任何地方都不145、principle n.原则，原理146、slightly adv.轻微地147、ash n.灰，灰末，骨灰148、inform vt.通知，向…报告149、tank n.坦克；大容器150、dial n.钟面，拨号盘vt.拨号151、occupation n.占领，占据；职业，工作152、bath n.洗澡，浴缸153、effect n.效果，效力154、blanket n.毯子155、appreciate vt.欣赏，领会，感谢156、spot vt.认出，发现n.点，斑点；地点157、wind n.风158、arrange vt.筹备，整理，调解159、shore n.滨，岸160、majority n.多数161、vehicle n.车辆162、drown v.溺死163、donate vt.vi.捐赠164、march n.三月165、attitude n.态度，看法，姿势166、nest n.巢，窝167、budget n.预算168、sink vi.下沉，降低n.水槽，水池169、rude adj.粗野的，残暴的170、unique adj.唯一的171、volunteer n.志愿者vt.志愿172、account n.记述，解释，账目173、punishment n.惩罚174、admit vt.承认，准许…进入175、distant adj.在远处的，疏远的176、afterward (s) adv. 后来，以后，随后177、challenge n.挑战178、manner n.方式，态度；礼貌179、bleed vi.流血180、anxious adj.忧虑的，渴望的181、league n.同盟，联盟182、timetable n.时间表；时刻表183、instant n.瞬间a.立即的184、less adj.更少的ad.更少地185、limit vt.限制，限定n.限度，限制186、sex n.性别，性187、powder n.粉末；火药188、department n.部，司，局，处，系189、sneaker n. 鬼鬼祟祟做事的人，卑鄙者，运动鞋190、mix vt.使混合；混淆191、boil vi.沸腾，汽化vt.煮沸192、reward n.报答；报酬vt.报答；酬金193、minimum n.最小量a.最小的194、loss n.遗失；失败；损失195、male adj.男的，雄的196、pole n.杆，柱197、harm n.伤害，损害vt.损害198、desert n.沙漠vt.离弃，擅离199、strike vt.打，击；罢工n.罢工；打击；200、suffer vt.遭受，忍受vi.受害，受损失201、urban adj.都市的202、graduation n.毕业203、panic n.恐慌，惊慌204、likely adj.可能的ad.很可能205、belt n.带，腰带，区206、crew n.全体船员207、orbit n.运行轨道vt.环绕208、delay vt.推迟，耽搁，延误209、voyage n.航海vi.航海，航空210、request n.请求，要求vt.请求，要求211、nation n.民族，国家212、grand adj.宏伟的，重大的213、absorb vt.吸收，使专心214、crop n.农作物，庄稼215、degree n.程度，度，学位216、rough adj.表面不平的；粗略的；大致的217、blank adj.空白的n.空白218、simply adv.简单地；朴素地；仅仅，只不过219、ray n.光线；射线220、extremely adv.极其，非常221、accurate adj.准确的，正确无误的222、united adj.一致的；联合的223、quantity n.数量；大量224、violent adj.猛烈的，狂暴的225、check n.支票226、occupation n.占领，占据；职业，工作227、convenient adj.便利的，方便的228、typist n.打字员229、headmaster n. 英国中小学校长，男舍监230、teenager n.青少年231、respond vi.回答；响应232、flour n.面粉，粉末233、benefit n.利益，恩惠，津贴234、fold vt.折叠，合拢n.褶235、chief adj.主要的，首席的236、wedding n.婚礼237、scholarship n.奖学金238、transport n.运输vt.运输239、impress vt.给…深刻印象240、throughout prep.遍及ad.到处241、upset vt.使不适，使心烦n.混乱242、moral adj.合乎道德的n.道德，品行243、complex adj.结合的，复杂的244、roof n.屋顶245、justice n.正义，公正，司法246、conclusion n.结论，推论，结尾247、lip n.嘴唇248、abstract adj.抽象的n.摘要249、root n.根（部）；根源vi.生根，扎根250、oral adj.口头的251、talent n.天才，才能252、shade n.树荫；遮光物vi.荫蔽253、audience n.听众，观众254、distinguish vt.区别，辨别255、million num.百万256、sensitive adj.敏感的，灵敏的257、attach vt.缚，系，贴，附加258、exit n.出口，退场vi.退出259、expert n.专家a.熟练的260、foolish adj.愚蠢的261、announce vt.宣布，发表262、disappoint vt.使失望263、petrol n.汽油264、handle n.柄，把手vt.处理265、fade vi.褪色，逐渐消失266、delete vt.删除，擦掉267、outer adj.外部的，外面的268、arrival n.到达，到达者269、mercy n.仁慈270、journalist n.记者，新闻工作者271、multiply vt.增加；乘272、pray vt.请求；祈祷273、range vi.变动，变化n.范围274、gravity n.重力，引力，严重性275、sew vt.缝制276、pillow n.枕头277、defeat vt.战胜，击败278、bother vt.烦扰，迷惑n.麻烦。

花木兰英语简介【优秀2篇】

花木兰英语简介【优秀2篇】花木兰，古代民族女英雄，唐代皇帝追封为孝烈将军。

牛牛范文为您带来了2篇花木兰英语简介，如果能帮助到亲，我们的一切努力都是值得的。

花木兰简介篇一Mulan (412 years - 502 years), the story of Mulan spread so far, the ancient Chinese heroes, loyalty filial piety, on behalf of the father defeated the invasion of the nation and spread through the ages, the Tang Dynasty emperor chase as Xiaolie general.Mulan story of the spread, should be attributed to the Mulan this folk song, but Mulan#39;s surname, place of origin, history books are not sure.Mulan is a variety of literary and artistic works by the performance of the film, drama, opera and opera.花木兰历史背景篇二During the Northern Wei Dynasty, the northern nomadic people Rouran family continue to harass the south, the Northern Wei regime provides for a man on the front line. But Mulan#39;s father is old and frail and sick, can not go to the battlefield, the younger brother is still young, so, Mulan decided to father for the army, from the beginning of her more than ten years of military life. To go to the border to fight, for many men are hard things, and Mulan both to conceal the identity, but also with the partners to fight the enemy, which is more difficult than the general people of the army! Fortunately, Mulan eventually completed Own mission, in a few decades after the triumphant home. The emperor because of her meritorious, pardoned the crime of bullying, and that she has the ability to serve in the court, served as an official half-time.However, Mulan because the father needs to take care of the refusal, ask the emperor to let himself back Township, to compensate and honor their parents.For thousands of years, Mulan has been a respect for the Chinese women, because she is brave and simple. In 1998, the United States Disney company will Mulan story adapted into a cartoon, by the world#39;s welcome.Mulan poetry was included in the middle school textbooks, was tens of thousands of people chanting generations. Mulan deeds and the image was put on the stage, lingering. Her spirit inspired thousands of Chinese children to defend the country, can be weeping.Historical controversyMulan#39;s surname, place of origin, etc., history books are not sure, therefore, Magnolia dispute on behalf of the past. Where is her hometown in history?Xu Peng in 1962 published in the 97th issue of Chinese space selection in the article Mulan pointed out: on the Mulan#39;s surname and place of origin ... ... Some people say that she is Qiaojun people, some people say that she is Songzhou people, Some people say she is Huangzhou people, some people say she is Shangqiu people.Sui Gong Emperor Yi Ning years, the Turkic side, Mulan disguised as men, on behalf of the father, the battle of the battlefield twelve, repeatedly built meritorious service, no one found that she is a woman, back to the post, the seal for the book. Tang Dynasty chase as general Xiaolie, set the temple to commemorate.Magnolia Temple was built in the Tang Dynasty, the Jin Dynasty Taihe years (AD 1201 - 1208), Dun Wu Wei Wei Guodu Guoli County camp Guozhen wine are supervised Wulin Aso and then rebuilt the hall, Between, and created a magnolia like flowers. To the Yuan Dynasty two years (AD 一叁34), the monument existing Magnolia Temple Hall. Suiyang government Yin Liang thinking of the initiative, fund-raising 2,500 well, rebuilt expansion. Qing Jiaqing eleven years (AD 1807), the monument existing Magnolia Temple Hall, by the temple monk Kennedy, Kennedy Branch and its deity field, Tian Zhen, Tian Song, etc., and fundraising repair temple monument. As the ancient rebuild, Temple Yu covers an area of 10,000 square meters, the temple of more than four hundred acres, living monks more than ten people.Unfortunately, this ancient temple, destroyed in 1943 war. Surviving temple monument two pass. First, the Yuan Dynasty, filial piety general like mind monument, standing in the temple on the eastern side of the door. Monument for the bluestone, through the high 3.6 meters, 1 meter wide, the monument is both before and after the deep relief of the two dragon clouds in the play beads, symmetrical layout, generous shape. Zhuanzhang title filial piety general hall like to distinguish in mind, monument engraved on both sides of the pattern, the top with exaggerated wave temperature of the way, engraved with two dragon opera beads, leading large and realistic, dragon Jane Jane and small, into the clouds, vivid and wonderful The Both sides of the carved peony pattern, lively and lively lines, simple and impressive. Inscription is 31 lines, full 68 words, the book fine, vigorous and vigorous. Turtle seat high 0.7 meters, turtle-shaped straight tail, limbs half song, seems like lying, lifelike. Inscription under the paragraph: Yuan Dynasty Yuan two years, ancestral home to Germany Tang De Li stone, Hou made the author, Caozhou Li Kejun, Li Ying carved stone. This monument by the expert identification, is indeed the real thing of the Yuan Dynasty stone. In 1982, by the provincial bureau funding, but also rebuilt the monument, the top for the car, steeple spine, the tile angle, 一⑦ layer eaves, front and rear garden door, simple and elegant, monument built around the wall. Another pass is the Qing Dynasty, Xiaolie general identification of the name of mind monument, stand in the temple outside the door on the west side. Height 2.14 meters, width 0.78 meters, square seat, monument engraved with deep relief Panlong, seal character title, inscription is the book, return to the government Shangqiu County Xiang Sheng Meng Yuqing author, owned by the government Shangqiu County students Meng Yuhe book Dan, Work Zhang holding jade carving stone. In 1993, Yucheng County held the first session of China Mulan Culture Festival. China#39;s famous historian gathered in Shangqiu, together with the analysis of the Mulan speech content and the remaining records of the monument. Agreed that the hometown of Mulan in Yucheng, has been conclusive no doubt.Historical recordsYuan Hou Hou made filial piety General Temple as a symbol of the monument on the text is still clearly visible.Filial piety General Temple as a symbol of stone, inscriptions with Mulan full poem. The inscription began to say: General Wei, the son of the name of Mulan ... ... Suiyang territory south, east of eighty miles said the profile, that is, the ancient Bo domain, filial piety of the ruins also. To be on April 8 to worship, is the military students. According to Shangqiu County, the eleven records: Mulan surnamed Wei, the son of the child. Khan Khan recruiting, Magnolia#39;s father to win, brother and sister All over the ages, read the eight war, people Mo know the. After the Kay also, the emperor Jia Qi Gong. In addition to the book is not subject, the performance of the song And the proprietress, and the maids, and their servants, and their servants. In accordance with the Shangqiu County Zhili female Volume 11 records: Mulan Wei name, the child also. Khan Khan recruiting, Magnolia#39;s father to win, brother and sister are Juzhi stay. Generous on behalf of the line, take armor arrows. Jumping horse and go, over the years, read the eight war, people Mo know. After the Kay also, the emperor Jia its power. In addition to the book is not subject, Its gifted clothes, the clothes of the old Sang. Peer who hack, then the matter in the DPRK.Magnolia TempleRecall to Que, want to accommodate the palace. Mulan said: #39;Chen no comparable to the ceremony#39; to swear to swear, forcing from, then commit suicide. The emperor know the truth and then want to call her into the harem, but Mulan Ning death from suicide Death, the emperor was shocked, so the pursuit of Mulan generals title. Henan Yucheng still built Magnolia Temple, Temple in the Mulan like, and survived two temple monument, one is the Yuan Dynasty, filial piety, , The second is the Qing Dynasty, filial piety general name correct mind monument, the local folklore and songs also left the story of Mulan army.Sui Dynasty, China appeared a woman disguised as a heroine hero, which is well-known Mulan. Descendants in order to sacrifice her, in its hometown Yucheng County camp Guo town built Mulan Temple. The temple was built in the Tang Dynasty, and after repeated rebuilding expansion. To the Qing Dynasty, an area of more than 10,000 square meters. The original temple has the door, the hall, offering the temple, after the building and the room, monks living room and so on more than one hundred rooms. Inside and outside the wall, planted with tall Tanghuai cypress. Gate aisle, there are statues of the magnolia of the magnolia, according to the statue of flowers Mulan family. There are more than ten generations of celebrities inside and outside the ancestral hall, officials praise the Mulan poetry, calligraphy and painting inscriptions. Tang Dynasty famous poet Du Muhua poem: bow bow for men, the dream had with the thrush. A few days to return to the wine, whisk clouds on the blessing. Qing Dynasty Zhaqi Chang poem reads: Pa bow bow out of the post, roll Zhang camp Guo mind monument. Girl left the flower name, the age of spring breeze was blowing.The original temple destroyed in 1943 war. Now stone two pass. First, the Yuan Dynasty filial piety general temple as proof monument, standing in the temple on the eastern side of the door, 3.6 meters high, wide l meter, in 1982 and rebuilt the monument, the top for the car, steeple, Pick angle, seventeen layers of eaves, front and rear garden door, simple and elegant. First, the Qing Dynasty, filial piety general hall of the fame of the name of the name monument, stand in the temple on the west side of the door, 2.14 meters high, 0.78 meters wide, monument Square team two monument is the main content of the examination of the era of magnanimous, home , Deeds and Magnolia Temple, Magnolia and so on.According to the inscription, return to the government and the Tang Dynasty since the literature analysis, Mulan no surname flowers, but surnamed Wei, named Mulan, was born in the Northern Zhou Dynasty, died in the Sui Dynasty. Hometown in Yucheng Camp Guo North Wei Zhuang (this waste). Northern Zhou Dynasty can be raised soldiers, this is the Mulan father was levy, but he was frail, difficult to apply. And the only one can replace his magnolia brother and young. Helpless, Mulan disguised as men, on behalf of the father from the army. Battle of the battlefield for twelve years, repeated legislation exploits. Since the border back, the Northern Zhou Dynasty has died, met with the Sui Dynasty Emperor. The emperor sealed her for the book, she refused to grant. After returning home, take off the military uniform, put on old clothes, and now the daughter really face. After the court heard the smell, call her people Beijing, want to accept her as Princess, Magnolia to death refused.According to today#39;s people still have research and development, spread through the ages, well-known Mulan poetry, the Department of Mulan according to their own experience written. Tang Dynasty Mulan for the generals, posthumous filial piety, and in its former residence to commemorate the temple.Burial groundMulan Temple was built in the Tang Dynasty, Kim Tae-tai years (1201 years - 1208 years), Dun Wu Wei Wei to the government (now Valley County (now Shangqiu City Yucheng County) camp Guozhen wine supervision Wulin (一叁34), Suiyang government Yin Liang Siwen initiative, fund-raising two thousand five hundred, rebuilt expansion. Qing Jiaqing. Eleven years (1807 years), by the temple monk Kennedy, Kennedy Branch and its field of deed, Tian Zhen, Tian Song, etc., and fund-raising repair temple monument.As the restoration of the past, Temple Yu covers an area of 10,000 square Meters, temple to more than four hundred acres, more than ten people living monks.。

美国政客的“影子写手”

美国政客的“影子写手”作者：高峰来源：《决策与信息》 2010年第7期文／高峰在美国政客身边，或公开或隐蔽地活跃着一批“笔杆子”。

这些被称为“影子写手”(ghost writer)的捉刀人已经成为美国政坛一道独特的风景。

奥巴马撰稿团队奥巴马总统的撰稿办公室由三位年轻人担纲。

他们都不超过30岁，却撰写出许多精彩老到的演说词，让本来就非常雄辩的奥巴马如虎添翼。

奥巴马的首席撰稿人乔恩·费夫洛今年只有28岁，是美国历史上最年轻的总统首席撰稿人。

他2003年毕业于马萨诸塞州的圣十字学院，取得文学学士学位。

走出校门后，费夫洛加人参议员克里竞选总统的团队，担任副撰稿人。

2004年，他在民主党全国代表大会上第一次遇到奥巴马。

当时还是参议员的奥巴马正准备以党内希望之星的身份发表基调演说。

年仅23岁的费夫洛主动上前提出建议，他说演说词中的一句话最好修改一下，因为它有重复之嫌。

奥巴马一脸茫然，那神情仿佛在问：“这个小孩是谁？”但他听从了费夫洛的建议。

克里竞选失败后，费夫洛加入奥巴马团队。

在面试时，奥巴马请他阐述一下自己的撰稿哲学。

他没有什么宏篇大论，而是告诉奥巴马：“当我看到你在民主党全国代表大会上发表演讲时，最打动我的是你的演讲从头到尾是在讲一个故事，一个关于你自己生活的故事．以及它是如何融入美国社会这个大故事中的。

你的演说逐渐把听众引向高潮，让他们不由自主地鼓掌，而不是借助一些口号式的语言向他们索要掌声。

”奥巴马高兴地说：“那正是我想要达到的效果。

”费夫洛就这样被录用了。

2005年以来，他一直是奥巴马的首席撰稿人。

奥巴马赢得爱荷华州党内提名后发表的演说是费夫洛的“成名之作”。

那篇演说的开场白——“有人说这一天永远不会到来”——更成为奥巴马当选美国第一位黑人总统的最佳诠释。

一夜之间，费夫洛打消了人们因为他年轻而产生的疑虑。

奥巴马的首席竞选顾问大卫·艾克谢罗德曾这样评价费夫洛：“总统十分信任他的文采，愿意让他影响自己的话语权——让一个名下有两本畅销书的美国总统做到这一点极为不易”。

人类学著作

20世纪西方人类学主要着作??第一阶段：1902～1945年?《巫术的一般理论》（1902）马塞尔?莫斯着1?A G e n e r a l T h e o r y o f M a g i c b y M a r c e l M a u s s?《土着如何思考》（1910）吕西安?列维－布留尔着11?H o w N a t i v e s T h i n k b y L u c i e n Lév y-B r u h l?《宗教生活的基本形式》（1912）爱弥尔?涂尔干着18?T h e E l e m e n t a r y F o r m s o f t h e R e l i g i o u s L i f e b y E m i l e D u r k h e i m?《古代中国的节庆与歌谣》（1919）马歇尔?葛兰言着29?F e t e s e t C h a n s o n s A n c i e n n e s d e l a C h i n e b y M a r c e lG r a n e t?《西太平洋的航海者》（1922）布劳尼斯娄?马林诺夫斯基着39?A r o g o n a u t s o f t h e W e s t e r n P a c i f i c b yB r o n i s l a w M a l i n o w s k i?《安达曼岛人》（1922）阿尔福雷德?拉德克利夫－布朗着47?T h e A n d a m a n I s l a n d e r s b y A l f r e d R a d c l i f f e-B r o w n?《人与文化》（1923）克拉克?威斯勒着53?M a n a n d C u l t u r e b y C l a r k W i s s l e r?《礼物》（1925）马塞尔?莫斯着61?T h e G i f t b y M a r c e l M a u s s?《两性社会学》（1927）布劳尼斯娄?马林诺夫斯基着70? S e x a n d R e p r e s s i o n i n S a v a g e S o c i e t y b y B r o n i s l a w M a l i n o w s k i?《人类学与现代生活》（1928）弗朗兹?博厄斯着79?A n t h r o p o l o g y a n d M o d e r n L i f e b y F r a n zB o a s?《萨摩亚人的成年》（1928）玛格丽特?米德着87?C o m i n g o f A g e i n S a m o a b y M a r g a r e t M e a d?《人类史》（1931）格拉弗顿?埃利奥特?史密斯着94?H u m a n H i s t o r y b y G r a f t o n E l l i o t S m i t h?《文化模式》（1934）鲁思?本尼迪克特着102?P a t t e r n s o f C u l t u r e b y R u t h B e n e d i c t? 《阿赞德人的巫术、神谕和魔法》（1937）爱德华?埃文思－普里查德着112??《文化论》（1940）布劳尼斯娄?马林诺夫斯基着128? T h e S c i e n t i f i c T h e o r y o f C u l t u r e b y B r o n i s l a w M a l i n o w s k i?《努尔人》（1940）爱德华?埃文思－普里查德着133??《大转型》（1944）卡尔?波兰尼着138?T h e G r e a t T r a n s f o r m a t i o n b y K a r l P o l a n y i? 《亲属制度的基本结构》（1945）克劳德?列维－斯特劳斯着151? T h e E l e m e n t a r y S t r u c t u r e s o f K i n s h i p b y C l a u d e Lév i-S t r a u s s? （豆瓣无）《自由与文明》（1947）布劳尼斯娄?马林诺夫斯基着157?F r e e d o m a n d C i v i l i z a t i o n b y B r o n i s l a w M a l i n o w s k i?第二阶段：1949～1973年?《文化的科学》（1949）莱斯利?怀特着164?T h e S c i e n c e o f C u l t u r e b y L e s l i e W h i t e? 《原始社会的结构与功能》（1952）阿尔福雷德?拉德克利夫－布朗着174? S t u c t u r e a n d F u n c t i o n i n P r i m i t i v e S o c i e t y b y A l f r e d R a d c l i f f e-B r o w n?《上缅甸诸政治体制》（1954）埃德蒙?利奇着180? P o l i t i c a l S y s t e m s o f H i g h l a n d B u r m a b y E d m u n d L e a c h?《原始人的法》（1954）亚当森?霍贝尔着191? T h e L a w o f P r i m i t i v e M a n b y E.A d a m s o n H o e b e l?《文化树》（1955）拉尔夫?林顿着199?T h e T r e e o f C u l t u r e b y R a l p h L i n t o n?《忧郁的热带》（1955）克劳德?列维－斯特劳斯着207?T r i s t e s T r o p i q u e s b y C l a u d e Lév i-S t r a u s s?《东非酋长》（1956）奥德丽?艾?理查兹着215?E a s t A f r i c a n C h i e f s b y A u d r e y I.R i c h a r d s? 《结构人类学》（1958，1973）克劳德?列维－斯特劳斯着230? S t r u c t u a l A n t h r o p o l o g y b y C l a u d e Lév i-S t r a u s s? 《社会人类学》（1962）爱德华?埃文思－普里查德着236? S o c i a l A n t h r o p o l o g y a n d O t h e r E s s a y s b y E. E.E v a n s－P r i t c h a r d?《野性的思维》（1962）克劳德?列维－斯特劳斯着243?T h e S a v a g e M i n d b y C l a u d e Lév i-S t r a u s s? 《部落社会的政治、法律与仪式》（1965）马克斯?格拉克曼着252? P o l i t i c s,L a w a n d R i t u a l i n T r i b a l S o c i e t y b y M a x G l u c k m a n?《等级人》（1966）路易?杜蒙着261?H o m o H i e r a r c h i c u s b y L o u i s D u m o n t?《洁净与危险》（1966）玛丽?道格拉斯着268?P u r i t y a n d D a n g e r b y M a r y D o u g l a s? （豆瓣无）《号角即将吹响》（1968）彼得?沃斯利着277?T h e T r u m p e t S h a l l S o u n d b y P e t e r W o r s l e y?《仪式过程》（1969）维克多?特纳着286?T h e R i t u a l P r o c e s s b y V i c t o r T u r n e r?《自然象征》（1970）玛丽?道格拉斯着294?N a t u r a l S y m b o l s b y M a r y D o u g l a s?《文化的解释》（1973）克利福德?格尔兹着299? T h e I n t e r p r e t a t i o n o f C u l t u r e s b y C l i f f o r d G e e r t z?第三阶段：1976～1996年?《文化与实践理性》（1976）马歇尔?萨林斯着308?C u l t u r e a n d P r a c t i c a l R e a s o n b y M a r s h a l l S a h l i n s?《嫉妒的制陶女》（1978）克劳德?列维－斯特劳斯着316?T h e J e a l o u s P o t t e r b y C l a u d e Lév i-S t r a u s s?《南美洲的魔鬼与商品拜物教》（1980）迈克?陶西格着326? T h e D e v i l a n d C o m m o d i t y F e t i s h i s m i n S o u t h A m e r i c a b y M i c h a e l T a u s s i g?《历史的隐喻与神话的现实》（1981）马歇尔?萨林斯着338?H i s t o r i c a l M e t a p h o r s a n d M y t h i c a l R e a l i t i e s b y M a r s h a l l S a h l i n s?《尼加拉》（1982）克利福德?格尔兹着345?N e g a r a b y C l i f f o r d G e e r t z?《欧洲与没有历史的人民》（1982）埃里克?沃尔夫着352?E u r o p e a n d t h e P e o p l e W i t h o u t H i s t o r y b y E r i c W o l f? 《想象的共同体》（1983）本尼迪克特?安德森着361?I m a g i n e d C o m m u n i t i e s b y B e n e d i c t A n d e r s o n?《地方性知识》（1983）克利福德?格尔兹着368?L o c a l K n o w l e d g e b y C l i f f o r d G e e r t z?《时间与他者》（1983）约翰内斯?费边着374? T i m e a n d t h e O t h e r b y J o h a n n e s F a b i a n?《论个体主义》（1983）路易?杜蒙着382?E s s a y s o n I n d i v i d u a l i s m b y L o u i s D u m o n t? （豆瓣无）《亲属制度研究批判》（1984）大卫?施奈德着388?A C r i t i q u e o f t h e S t u d y o f K i n s h i p b y D a v i d S c h n e i d e r? 《物的社会生命》（1986）阿尔君?阿帕杜莱主编393? T h e S o c i a l L i f e o f T h i n g s e d.A r j u n A p p a d u r a i? （豆瓣无）《从祝福到暴力》（1986）莫里斯?布洛克着404?F r o m B l e s s i n g t o V i o l e n c e b y M a u r i c e B l o c h?《制度如何思考》（1986）玛丽?道格拉斯着414?H o w I n s t i t u t i o n s T h i n k b y M a r y D o u g l a s?《形成中的宇宙观》（1987）弗雷德里克?巴斯着420?C o s m o l o g i e s i n t h e M a k i n g b y F r e d r i k B a r t h? （豆瓣无）《人民的传说，国家的神话》（1988）布鲁斯?卡培法勒着437? L e g e n d s o f P e o p l e,M y t h s o f S t a t e b y B r u c e K a p f e r e r? （豆瓣无）《礼物的性别》（1988）玛丽琳?斯特雷森着446? T h e G e n d e r o f t h e G i f t s b y M a r i l y n S t r a t h e r n?《作品与生活》（1988）克利福德?格尔兹着454?W o r k s a n d L i v e s b y C l i f f o r d G e e r t z?《恶的人类学》（1989）大卫?帕金主编470? T h e A n t h r o p o l o g y o f E v i l e d.D a v i d P a r k i n?《穿越时间的文化》（1990）大贯惠美子主编475?C u l t u r e t h r o u g h T i m e e d.E m i k o O h n u k i-T i e r n e y?《殖民情景》（1991）乔治?斯托金主编486?C o l o n i a l S i t u a t i o n s e d.G e o r g e S t o c k i n g?《甜蜜的悲哀》（1996）马歇尔?萨林斯着498? T h e S a d n e s s o f S w e e t n e s s b y M a r s h a l l S a h l i n s??人类学经典导读目录???人类学经典导读第一篇?第一部分人物与理论?摩尔根和他的《古代社会》／怀特（L e s l i e）着? 高延等欧洲人类学家对汉人社会的研究／施舟人（K r i s t o f e r S c h i p p e r）着?涂尔干及其学术遗产／张海洋陈韦帆着?马林诺夫斯基及其文化功能论／黄剑波着?博厄斯的文化相对观／林开世着?米德与心理人类学的成长／潘守永雷亮中着?列维一斯特劳斯及其结构主义／刘源着?莫斯关于交换与社会的象征起源／黄应贵着?埃文斯一普里查德的人文主义人类学／蒋斌着?怀特重建文化进化论／刘华芹着一?马文·哈里斯：文化唯物主义／雷亮中黄剑波着?格尔兹的解释人类学／潘英海着?第二部分经济、生态与物质文化?经济人类学的主题／理查德·威尔克（R i c l l a r d）着? 麦当劳在香港——消费主义、餐饮习惯变化和新儿童文化的崛起／华生（）着? 祭祖之猪——一个新几内亚民族生态中的仪式／罗伊·A·拉帕波特（R o y）着??第三部分语言与文化沟通?交际民族志及话语分析／约翰·J·甘柏兹（J o h n）着?从文化角度看男女性别误读／D.马尔茨（）R博克（）着?日本人的模糊表达解读／李朝辉着·?第四部分田野工作? 从参与观察到观察参与／芭芭拉·特德洛克（B a r b a r a T e d l o c k）着?人类学研究的种种困惑／郝瑞（S t e v a n H a r r e l l）着? 同一场景下的两种定性研究方法——以中国四川“板板茶”的调查个案为例／刘谦着?何处是田野?／黄剑波着?第五部分性、婚姻与家庭? 中国海南美孚黎族社区儿童性别偏好／雷伟立（W i l l i a m L a v e l y）李建克李江虹着?维多利亚时代的构想／简·F·柯利尔（J a n e）着?细读《金翼》／[日]柳田国男平野义太郎川岛武宜仁井田隆鹤见和子着?台湾家庭企业的文化诠释／林舟（J o s e p h B a s c o）着?第六部分族群、政治与宗教?族群与边界／弗里德里克·巴思（F r e d r i k B a r t h）着?文化、差异与认同／亚当·库珀（A d a l T I K u p e r·）着? 国家与地方社会关系的一种解说——杜赞奇《文化、权力与国家》导读／兰林友着?扣国宗教的社会学范式?一杨庆垄眼中的中国社会宗教／金耀基范丽珠着?台湾民间宗教的现代趋势／李亦园着? 维克多·特纳与恩丹布的神秘仪式——《仪式过程——结构与反结构》导读／徐鲁亚着?人类学经典导读第二篇?第一部分教育与历史?? 人类学与中国教育的进程——文化连续性、文化对比和文人角色／庄孔韶着? 个体与群体——美国民间意识形态研究／杰弗里·舒茨（J e f f r e y s h u l t z）着-? 坚雅《中华帝国晚期的城市》导读／陈桥驿诺顿·金斯伯格（Norton Ginsburg）秋山元秀着? 社会等级与文化多元性——对施坚雅中国农民文化观的批评／武雅士（Ar t h u r W o l f）着?高延及其对婆罗洲公司的研究／袁冰凌着?第二部分医学、公共卫生与文化?艾滋病研究中的性、文化与权力／理查德·帕克（R i c l a a r c l P a r k e r）着?文化与抑郁／阿瑟·克兰曼（A r t h u r K l e i n m a n）着?泰坦尼克定律：中国艾滋病风险分析／景军着?中国艾滋病防治和人类学整体论原则的实践／庄孔韶着.?第三部分民族志撰写与文化重构?《西太平洋上的航海者》民族志文本解析／徐鲁亚着? 后现代主义民族志的宣言——《写文化：民族志的诗学与政治学》导读／徐鲁亚着? 从圣菲引出的路：写文化之后的十年——《写文化之后：当代人类学的认识论和实践》导读／徐鲁亚着?文化象征的记忆／景军（J i n g J u n）着?第四部分影视表现?民族志电影：技术、实践和人类学理论／保罗·休利（P a u l H e w l y）着?《人类学和摄影（1860—1920）》导读／程炜王克力着?《观看人类学》导读／卡尔·G·海德（K a r l G H e i d e r）着?人类学及其对大众媒体研究的贡献／萨拉·迪基（S a r a D i c k e y）着?第五部分人类学的理论进展?20世纪60年代以来的人类学理论／雪莉·奥特纳（s h e r r y O r t。

舞弊的检查fraud detection

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Elgin Aircraft Case Accounting Anomalies
–result from unusபைடு நூலகம்al processes or procedures in the accounting system
Example: –the 22 false doctors –checks were sent to the same two common addresses
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Faulty Journal Entries
Fraud is hidden by using accounting language Legal Expense .....................5,000
Cash ...................……………5,000 English:
• Identify and understand accounting symptoms of fraud. • Describe internal controls that help detect fraud. • Identify and understand analytical symptoms of fraud. • Explain how lifestyle changes help detect fraud. • Discuss how behavioral symptoms help detect fraud. • Recognize the importance of tips and complaints as fraud symptoms.
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Elgin Aircraft Case Behavioral Symptoms
–The manager had a “Dr. Jekyll and Mrs. Hyde” personality