定语从句讲解(一)
(完整版)定语从句讲解总结
(完整版)定语从句讲解总结定语从句讲解⼀.定语从句1.注意英汉差异:汉语的定语⽆论多长都放在被修饰词的前⾯,⽽英语中的定语则不然,是⼀个词时,放在被修饰词的前⾯,如:①.a beautiful girl ②.a lovely boy是两个以上的词组、短语或从句则放在被修饰词的后⾯,如:③.She is the girl in red. 她就是穿红⾐的⼥孩。
④.The lady carried a bag full of money. 那位⼥⼠背了个装满钱的包。
⑤.He is the man who you are looking for. 她就是你在找的⼈。
2.分清主句与从句,看究竟哪个句⼦缺少成分。
如上⾯第5:主句:He is the man从句:who you are looking for在从句中,looking for 的宾语是the man.因此选⽤关系代词 who(whom)放置于句⾸,便是定语从句。
3.从句中做宾语的关系代词可以省略,故第5题可以写成:He is the man you are looking for.⼆.定语从句(从句部分)1、功能:相当于形容词,修饰名词或代词,在句中作定语2、位置:定语从句置于被修饰词之后Those who are willing to attend the party, sign here please.3、先⾏词:被定语从句修饰的词称为先⾏词(1)先⾏词⼀般是名词和不定代词,如:some-, any-, every-和no与-boy, -thing的合成词;或all、none、any、some、that、those等代词。
数词也可以作先⾏词,⼈称代词也同样可作先⾏词。
(2)先⾏词与关系词是等量关系。
必须注意两点:①先⾏词在从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的数由先⾏词⽽定。
This is the place which is worth visiting.②关系词在从句句⼦中充当了成分,其意思就是先⾏词的意义,所以在从句中不能重复其意。
董宇辉定语从句讲解
1. 定义:定语从句是一个句子,用作定语来修饰一个名词或代词。
被修饰的名词或代词被称为先行词。
2. 结构:定语从句由关系代词(如that、which、who等)引导,紧跟在先行词之后。
例如:The man
who is standing there is my teacher.(站在那里的那个人是我的老师。
)
3. 关系代词的作用:关系代词在定语从句中充当主语或宾语的替代词,指代先行词所指代的名词或代
词。
4. 关系代词的种类:根据在定语从句中所充当的成分,关系代词可以分为关系代词that、关系代词
which、关系代词who、关系代词whom等。
其中,that可以代替关系代词who或which,在从句中充当主语或宾语;which可以代替关系代词that或who,在从句中充当主语或宾语;who可以代替关系代词that或which,在从句中充当主语或宾语;whom可以代替关系代词that或who,在从句中充当宾语。
5. 使用注意事项:使用定语从句时需要注意以下几点:
先行词必须是名词或代词,不能是句子;
关系代词在从句中充当的成分必须是名词性的,不能是形容词性的;
关系代词不能省略,除非先行词在从句中充当宾语且该宾语在从句中是可省略的。
通过以上讲解,可以看出董宇辉对于定语从句的讲解非常全面,既包括定义、结构,也包括关系代词的作用和种类等细节内容。
这对于学生和英语学习者来说是非常有帮助的,能够加深对定语从句的理解和应用。
定语从句句法讲解
定语从句(一)定语从句:在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句,它的作用相当于一个形容词,也叫形容词从句(由一个句子来充当定语,叫定语从句)(如果定语是单个词,定语放在被修饰词的前面,如果是词组,定语放在被修饰词的后面)Eg. The book (that he bought yesterday) is worth reading先行词 关系词The girl (who is standing there) is my good friend.先行词 在句子中作成分(二)先行词:被定语从句修饰的名词或代词被称为先行词,先行词可指人或物。
(三)关系词:一.定义:引导定语从句的连接词(引导词)被称为关系词二.作用 引导定语从句连接主句和从句代替先行词在定语从句中担任句子成分三.分类及其用法:关系代词:定语 主、宾、表(其中who whom whose 指人, which 指物, that 指人或物)关系副词: when where why时间状语 地点状语 原因状语表格A .关系代词用法:1.which(whom)在从句中作介词的宾语时,介词一般可放在原来位置上 也可放在其前面,在含有介词的固定词组中介词只能放在原来的位置上2.只能用that,不用which 的情况(1)先行词前有序数词(数词)或最高级修饰时The first place that we visited in Beijing is the Great wallTom is the cleverest student in his class(2)先行词是不定代词时(something, anything, nothing, all, none, some, little 等)Miss Zhang has told us something that we should do in the holiday.I like all the book that you lent me last week.(3)先行词既有人又有物时They think of people and things that happened in their childhoodThe school and children that he loves moved to another country.(4)先行词前有the only, the very, the same, the last, just 等修饰时The only furniture that he has in the room is a desk(5)先行词有who (或whom )时Who is the man that is reading a book over there?Who that break the window should be punished . 谁打碎了窗户都要受到惩罚.Whom that you talked to must be Tom.(6)there be 结构中,先行词指物时There is a book on the desk that I am very interested in.(7)先行词指物,在主句中做表语时This is the book that you borrowed from library(8)先行词是the way或the reason时,that可作关系副词,也可省略It was the way that he solved the problems(9) 先行词为that, this, those 或these且指人时Those who hadn't bought the tickets for the train crowded in the waiting hall.那些还没买着票的人拥挤在候车厅里。
2020年高考英语语法考点讲解与真题分析专题6:定语从句(一)附解析
2020年高考高考语法考点讲解与真题分析06定语从句(一)在主句中作定语的句子叫定语从句。
定语从句又分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。
考点一定语从句关系词的选择定语从句关系词的选择是定语从句的重点和难点。
关系词分为关系代词和关系副词,关系词替代先行词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语或状语。
关系词的选择可从两个方面入手:一是关系词在从句中所作的成分;二是先行词所指。
关系词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语时,用关系代词;关系词在从句中作状语时,用关系副词。
先行词指人时,关系代词用who, whom, that, whose;先行词指物时,关系代词用which, that, whose。
详见下表:1.关系代词who, whom, which, that引导定语从句关系代词who, whom, which, that在从句中作主语、宾语、表语。
1. The little problems _______ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions. (2017北京)A.thatB. asC. whereD. when【答案】A【解析】这是一个复合句,主句是The little problems may be inspirations for great inventions,从句是_______ we meet in our daily lives。
从句修饰主句中的problem,是定语从句;关系词在从句中作meet的宾语,应用关系代词,故用that。
2.The exact year Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008. (2014安徽)A. WhenB. whereC. whyD. which【答案】D【解析】这是一个复合句,主句是The exact year was 2008,从句是_______ Angela and her family spenttogether in China。
高中英语必修一语法讲解 定语从句(1)
,定语从句(1)概念引入:She is the girl who sings best of all.她是所有人中唱得最好的。
This is the best film that I have ever seen.这部电影是我看过的最好的一部。
He had failed in the maths exam, which made his father very angry .他数学考试没有及格,这使他的父亲很生气。
Give me the b ook whose cover is green.把那本儿绿皮儿的书给我。
定语从句是我们初中学过的一项语法,上面这些句子与你初中学的有差别吗?是不是有点不同呢?从这个单元开始,我们将学习定语从句的升级版,但还是从头开始学哟。
语法点拨【高清课堂:定语从句一 P1】定语从句的定义 Do you know the girl who came here yesterday? 你认识昨天来的那个女孩吗?The book which he bought the day before yesterday is very good .他前天买的那本书很棒。
He is the man whom we should learn from . 他就是我们应该学习的人。
Her friend whose home is very far came to see her . 她的那位家很远的朋友来看她了。
其中粗体的部分就是定语从句,划横线的部分叫做先行词,也就是被定语从句修饰的词。
定语从句:修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后 面。
先行词:被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。
关系词:上面例子中的关系代词 who, whom, which, that 是用来引导定语从句的连接词。
这些连接词代替先行词在从句中担任一个成分,如主语、宾语或表语。
例如:Those students who study in this school are good at football.(who 代替先行词 students 在从句中充当主语)There is still mu ch homework which we must finish.(which 代替先行词 homework 在从句中充当宾语)关系代词引导的定语从句I. who 和 whom1. who 和 whom 代表人, 当先行词在从句中作主语时用 who 引导,作宾语时用 whom 引导。
高中定语从句详细讲解
高中定语从句详细讲解高中定语从句详细讲解高中定语从句详细讲解一.基本概念1.定语从句的定义:用作定语的从句叫定语从句。
2.先行词:被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。
3.定语从句的位置:紧跟先行词(名词或代词)之后。
4.引导词:引导定语从句的词(包括关系代词和关系副词)。
﹙1﹚关系代词:that/who/whom/which/as﹙2﹚关系副词:when/where/why5.引导词的位置:位于定语从句之前(先行词之后)。
【as除外】6.引导词的功能(作用):﹙1﹚连接先行词和定语从句。
﹙2﹚在定语从句中充当一定的成分(关系代词充当主语或宾语,关系副词充当状语)。
7.定语从句的类型:﹙1﹚限定性定语从句(主句和定语从句之间无逗号)。
① 直接由引导词引导定语从句The man who you’re talking to is my friend.② 由介词+关系代词(whom/which)引导The man to whom you’re talking is my friend.I need a pen with which I can write a letter.=I need a piece of paper on which I can write a letter.介词的选用可根据从句中的相关词组确定,该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前,也可放在从句之尾。
例如:The man (who/whom/that) I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University.=The man about whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University.The palace (which/that) I often pay a visit to was built in the 17th century.=The palace to which I often pay a visit was built in the 17th century.﹙2﹚非限定性定语从句(主句和定语从句之间用逗号隔开)。
定语从句详细讲解
定语从句详细讲解以定语从句为题,详细讲解如下:定语从句是一种修饰名词或代词的从句,用来给出进一步的详细信息。
它通常由关系代词或关系副词引导,被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。
定语从句的作用是对先行词进行补充说明,进一步限定其范围或提供更多细节。
1. 关系代词引导的定语从句:关系代词包括“that, who, whom, whose, which”等。
例句1:I have a friend who lives in London.(我有一个住在伦敦的朋友)解释:定语从句“who lives in London”修饰先行词“a friend”,提供了进一步的信息,说明这个朋友住在伦敦。
例句2:The book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting.(我从图书馆借来的那本书很有趣)解释:定语从句“that I borrowed from the library”修饰先行词“the book”,说明这本书是我从图书馆借来的。
2. 关系副词引导的定语从句:关系副词包括“where, when, why”等。
例句3:I still remember the day when we first met.(我仍然记得我们第一次见面的那天)解释:定语从句“when we first met”修饰先行词“the day”,说明这一天是我们第一次见面的那一天。
例句4:This is the reason why I didn't go to the party.(这就是我没去参加聚会的原因)解释:定语从句“why I didn't go to the party”修饰先行词“the reason”,说明这就是我没去参加聚会的原因。
3. 定语从句的位置:定语从句可以放在先行词之后,也可以放在先行词之前。
例句5:The boy who is playing football is my brother.(正在踢足球的那个男孩是我的弟弟)解释:定语从句“who is playing football”放在先行词“the boy”之后,修饰这个男孩。
(完整版)定语从句讲解
1一、定语从句概述定语可以由形容词、名词、代词、数词、分词、副词、不定式以及介词短语 等来担任,也可以由一个句子来担任。
在句子中起定语作用的从句称为定语 从句。
定语从句在句中的作用相当于形容词,故又称为形容词性从句。
被定 语从句修饰的名词叫先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
二 关系词的用法。
关系词可分为关系代词和关系副词。
关系词指代先行词,放在先行词与 定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又充当定语从句中的某一种成分(主语、宾 语、状语等)。
引导定语从句的关系代词有"at ,who ,whom ,whose ,which;关系副词有 when ,where ,why 等。
关系词在句子中的指代作用及成分如下表 1.关系代词的用法(1) who, whom 的用法二者都用于指人。
who 在定语从句中作主语、宾语;whom 在定语从句中 作宾语。
在现代英语里,有时who 也可代替whom 在从句中作宾语。
作 宾语的关系代词who ,whom 可以省略(介词后作宾语的关系代词除外)。
She was the one who did most of the talking 。
大部分时间都是她在说话。
(作主语) The boy who I know studies best in his class.我认识的那个男孩在班上学习最好。
(作宾语)I happened to meet the professor (who/whom) I got to know at a party. 我碰巧遇见了那位在一次聚会上认识的教授。
(作宾语,whom 可用who 代替) whom 在从句中作介词的宾语,且介词提到whom 前面时,不能用who 代替。
Yesterday I came across a few friends with whom I went to the park .昨天 我碰见了几个朋友,我和他们一起去了公园。
定语从句之关系代词讲解(一)
定语从句(一)1.概念:在主从复合句中,修饰句中某一名词或代词,充当这一名词或代词的定语的从句,叫做定语从句。
2.先行词:在总从复合句中,被修饰的名词或代词,叫做先行词。
3.关系代词:即连接主句与从句的词。
4.关系代词包括:that(即可指人也可指物), which(只指物), who(只指人,宾格whom及所有格whose)5.主从复合句表现形式:e.g. (我喜欢我妈妈给我买的那条裙子。
)从句6.关系代词的用法①连接主句语从句②代替先行词③在从句中做成份(如:做主语,宾语等)7.关系代词在从句中做宾语及主语成分举例e.g. (王叔叔就是我昨天拜访的那个男的)中国是一个有着久远历史的国家。
)8.关系代词引导的定语从句(在从句中做成分)⑴which: 在从句中做主语,宾语。
①做主语:They planted the flowers which (didn't need much water).(他们种植了不需要太多水的花)②作宾语:I will never forget the days which (I spent(我将永远不会忘记我与你的家人度过的那几天)⑵who: 在从句中做主语,宾语。
①做主语:The teacher who ((昨天去看我的那个老师是李先生。
)②作宾语:The girl who/whom (I talked with(我刚才与之讲话的那个女孩将要去北京。
)⑶whose: 在从句中做定语(主语可以是人,也可以是物)。
①作定语(先行词为人):He is the boy whose (father is a doctor).(他就是那个他爸爸是医生的男孩)②作定语(先行词为物): I want to buy the house whose (window face south).(我想买那个窗户面向南方的房子)⑷that:可在从句中做主语,宾语(即可指人,也可指物)。
【高中英语】英语语法讲解之定语从句
【高中英语】英语语法讲解之定语从句(一)定语从句的结构:在复合句中,修饰某个名词或代词的句子(做这个名词或代词的定语)叫定语从句,定语从句一般放在被修饰的名词或代词后面,被修饰的名词或代词叫做定语从句的先行词,它与定语从句之间要有一个词连接,这个词指代先行词的内容叫做关系词(关系代词或关系副词:that,which,who,whose,when,where,why)。
先行词在定语从句中充当主语,宾语,时间,地点,原因状语。
结构:先行词+关系词+定语从句。
1.thereshesawawallofwaterthatwasquicklyadvancingtowardsher.2.在日本,有人看到其他人在谈论他们时,会认为这意味着钱。
4.theparkhasaconservationcenterthathelpsprotectmarineanimalsandtheirhabitatsin theriversandcoastalwatersofasia.5.访客可以在他们可以看到的地方查看他们在自己的房间内看到的东西。
6.oprahwinfreyisablackwomanwhoserisetofameisaninspiringstory.(二)定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句:限定性定语从句:从句对先行词进行必要的描述或说明,缺少它,则句义显得不完整,从句与先行词紧密相连。
非限制性定语从句:补充和解释先行词。
它与先行词之间用逗号分隔。
1.beforeshecouldmove,sheheardaloudnoise,whichgrewtoaterribleroar.2.树木一棵接一棵地被水砍倒,水的深度必须达到米。
3.flora,whosebeautifulhairanddresswereallcoldandwet,startedcrying.4.他们的演讲包括节奏和押韵词,这些词经常引起听众的掌声。
定语从句讲解课件-2024-2025学年高中英语人教版(2019)必修第一册
→缺状语→关系副词(when/where/why)
→缺定语(空后为名词)→用 whose
关系代词: He is a boy who/that comes from Canada.
He is the boy I‘m looking after.
或:He is a boy , who wears a pair of glasses. 讨论:who/that (即:关系词)的作用?
1.代指先行词 boy;(关系词不是本身意思, 而是先行词的意思.)
2.在定语从句中做句子成分.
关系代词:that, who, whom, whose, which, as 关系副词:when, where, why 定语从句关系词的选择:确定先行词(人/物)→分_如__;__像___, 可放在 __句__首______或__句__中______, 在从句中可以做什么成分__主__,__宾__,__表_____, 用在固定搭配中_s_u_c_h_…_a_s_…___ _th_e__sa_m__e_…_a_s…__
_A_s _is_k_n_o_w_n__to__a_ll__ A_s__is_m__e_nt_i_on_e_d__a_b_o_ve等。 关系代词的作用 __连__接__两_个__句_子______ __代__替_先__行_词__在_从__句__中_做__主_,__宾__,_表__,_定__语_成__分_____
exercises:
1.I still remember the day _w_h_e_n_ I first came to this
school.
→ on which
英语定语从句讲解及练习
英语定语从句讲解及练习一、什么是定语从句定语从句是英语中一种常见的复合句结构,用来修饰名词或代词。
它通常由一个关系词引导,用来限定或描述先行词的属性、特征或状态。
定语从句的引导词有:who, whom, whose, which, that等。
二、定语从句的结构定语从句一般由三部分组成:1. 关系词:引导定语从句的词,如who, which等。
2. 先行词:定语从句所修饰的名词或代词。
3. 从句:包含主语和谓语,并与先行词之间存在关系的句子。
定语从句的位置可以是先行词之前或之后,具体位置取决于引导词的属性。
下面是一些定语从句的例子:- The man who is wearing a blue hat is my brother.who is wearing a blue hat is my brother.- The book which I bought yesterday is very interesting.which I bought yesterday is very interesting.- This is the house that Jack built.that Jack built.三、练请根据所给情景,完整地填入合适的定语从句。
1. The girl whose father is a doctor studies medicine at university.whose father is a doctor studies medicine at university.2. I have a friend who lives in London.who lives in London.3. This is the house that was built in the 18th century.that was built in the 18th century.4. The car which was stolen has been found by the police.which was stolen has been found by the police.5. The student whom I met yesterday is very friendly.whom I met yesterday is very friendly.四、小结英语定语从句是一种常见的句子结构,用于修饰名词或代词。
高中英语定语从句讲解
定语从句Ⅰ. 概念:(1) 定语从句:定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句,其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分,相当于形容词,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
(2) 先行词:被定语从句修饰的成份。
先行词可以为一个词,短语,或整个主句。
(3) 引导定语从句的词叫关系词,分为关系代词和关系副词。
关系词的作用:1) 引导定语从句;2) 必在定语从句中担当一个成份(可以做主语,宾语,表语,定语,状语);3)代替先行词。
常用的关系代词: that,which,who,whom,whose常用的关系副词(在从句中只作状语) when、why、where 定语从句三步:第一找出先行词;第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能(做主语、宾语或状语);第三选择合适的关系词。
Ⅱ. 关系代词:●that: 可指人或物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语,表语,在从句中作宾语时常可省略。
(指人时,相当于who或whom;指物时,相当于which)(不能用于非限制性定语从句; that前不能有介词) 如:1.What is the question (that/which) they are talking about? 2. Here is the man ( who/whom/that ) you want to see.●which: 指物;在定语从句中作主语,宾语,表语,做宾语时可省略。
如:The book (which/that) I bought yesterday is very interesting.(宾语)●who, whom, whose: who:在从句中作主语、宾语,只可指人。
whom:在从句中作宾语,只可指人。
whose:在从句中作定语,可指人也可指物。
1.All who heard the story were amazed. (先行词是any, those, all,one,ones时用who)2.He's a man (whom/who/that) we should learn from.(宾语)3.A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.(人)4.I'd like a room whose window faces south. (物)▲关系代词作介词宾语: 关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时, 介词可放于从句之首, 也可放于从句之末. 但以放于句首较为正式.(介词前置,必须注意不影响动词词组的含义。
高中英语-定语从句讲解
一、定语从句概述定语可以由形容词、名词、代词、数词、分词、副词、不定式以及介词短语等来担任,也可以由一个句子来担任。
在句子中起定语作用的从句称为定语从句。
定语从句在句中的作用相当于形容词,故又称为形容词性从句。
被定语从句修饰的名词叫先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
二关系词的用法。
关系词可分为关系代词和关系副词。
关系词指代先行词,放在先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又充当定语从句中的某一种成分(主语、宾语、状语等)。
引导定语从句的关系代词有"at,who,whom,whose,which;关系副词有when,where,why等。
关系词在句子中的指代作用及成分如下表1.关系代词的用法(1)who, whom的用法二者都用于指人。
who在定语从句中作主语、宾语;whom在定语从句中作宾语。
在现代英语里,有时who也可代替whom在从句中作宾语。
作宾语的关系代词who,whom可以省略(介词后作宾语的关系代词除外)。
She was the one who did most of the talking。
大部分时间都是她在说话。
(作主语) The boy who I know studies best in his class.我认识的那个男孩在班上学习最好。
(作宾语)I happened to meet the professor (who/whom) I got to knowat a party. 我碰巧遇见了那位在一次聚会上认识的教授。
(作宾语,whom可用who 代替)whom在从句中作介词的宾语,且介词提到whom前面时,不能用who 代替。
Yesterday I came across a few friends with whom I went to the park.昨天我碰见了几个朋友,我和他们一起去了公园。
(句中的whom 不能用who 代替)whose可以指人也可以指物,在定语从句中作定语。
高中语法定语从句的详细讲解
定语从句详解与练习〔一〕定义及相关术语1.定语从句:修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。
2.先行词:被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
3.关系词:引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as关系副词有when, where, why.注意:关系代词与关系副词在定语从句中充当不同的句子成分,定语从句中缺主、宾、表,用关系代词;缺状语用关系副词,何为句子成分?五大根本句1. 主+ 谓〔Vi〕I come.2. 主+ 谓〔Vt〕+ 宾I love you.3. 主+ 谓〔Vt〕+ 间宾+ 直宾I give him a book.4. 主+ 谓〔Vt〕+ 宾+ 宾补I make him happy.5. 主+ 系+ 表I am tall.〔二〕关系代词引导的定语从句1.which 指物,在定语从句中做主语、宾语、表语。
The house which is by the lake looks nice. 〔主〕湖边的那幢房子看上去很漂亮。
This is the pen〔which〕he bought yesterday. 〔宾〕这是他昨天买的钢笔。
She was fond of dancing, which her brother never was. (表) 她喜欢跳舞,她弟弟从不喜欢。
2.that 指人/ 物,在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语。
The number of people that come to visit this city each year reaches one million.〔人主〕每年来参观这座城市的人数达一百万。
Where is the man〔that〕I saw this morning 〔人宾〕我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿?He is no longer a little boy that he used to be.〔人表〕他已经不再是以前那个小男孩儿了。
初中英语定语从句1关系代词引导定语从句讲解-练习及答案
定语从句1——关系代词引导的定语从句【关系代词引导的定语从句】(一)、定义:在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。
定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子,定语从句要放在所修饰的词后。
如:1) The man who lives next to us is a policeman.2) You must do everything that I do.上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词,叫先行词,定语从句放在先行词的后面。
引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who(宾格whom, 所有格whose)和关系副词where, when、why1、引导定语从句2、代替先行词3、在定语从句中担当一个成分(二)、关系代词引导的定语从句指人,在从句中做主语(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.2. whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。
(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about.注意:关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略。
(2) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.3. which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主语)(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做宾语)4. that指人时,相当于who或者whom;指物时,相当于which。
定语从句讲解
定语从句讲解(一)一、详细的定语从句讲解定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句,其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个成分,定语从句分为限定性和非限定性从句两种。
状语从句分为时间状语从句,结果状语从句,让步状语从句,原因状语从句,条件状语从句以及行为方式状语从句。
名词从句包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句和同位语从句及there be句型。
一、限定性定语从句1. that即可代表事物也可代表人,which代表事物;它们在从句中作主语或宾语,that在从句中作宾语时常可省略关系词,which在从句中作宾语则不能省略。
而且,如果which在从句中作“不及物动词+介词”的介词的宾语,注意介词不要丢掉,而且介词总是放在关系代词which的前边,但有的则放在它原来的位置2. which作宾语时,根据先行词与定语从句之间的语义关系,先行词与which之间的介词不能丢3. 代表物时多用which,但在带有下列词的句子中用that而不用which,这些词包括all, anything, much等,这时的that常被省略4. who和whom引导的从句用来修饰人,分别作从句中的主语和宾语,whom作宾语时,要注意它可以作动词的宾语也可以作介词的宾语5. where是关系副词,用来表示地点的定语从句6. when引导定语从句表示时间〔注〕值得一提的是,表示时间“time"一词的定语从句只用when引导,有时不用任何关系代词,当然也不用that引导By the time you arrive in London, we will have stayed there for two weeks.I still remember the first time I met her.Each time he goes to besiness trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towers, soap, toothbrush etc.7. whose是关系代词,修饰名词作定语,相当于所修饰成分的前置所有格8. 当从句的逻辑主语是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing时,常用there is来引导二、非限定性定语从句:非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明,通常和主句间用逗号隔开,将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立1. which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分2. 在引导限定性定语从句时,that有时相当于in which, at which, for which或at which Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which) attitudes towards night dreaming have changed. 人们对白日做梦的态度正在改变,这与人们对夜间做梦的看法的变化有非常相似之处。
初中定语从句讲解[1]
(3) He is the kind person. I have ever worked with him. He is the kind person that I have ever worked who with. whom Ø (4) This is the best film. I have ever seen this film. This is the best film that I have ever seen. Ø
人/物
物 人 人 人/物
主、宾、表
主、宾、表、定(偶) 主、宾 宾 定
关系 副词
when
where why
时间
地点 原因
时间状语
地点状语 原因状语
最后,定语从句谓语动词和先行词一致. 注:定语从句的时态不受主句的限制。 The woman who/that spoke at the meeting yesterday is my mother. (主句)The woman is my mother. (叙述客观事实 用一般现在时) (从句)The woman (who/that) spoke at the meeting yesterday. (句中yesterday表示过去时间)
关系代词
3.whose 是代词的所有格形式, 它既可以 代人也可以代物。
I saw a woman . Her bag was stolen . I saw a woman whose bag was stolen. Please show me the book . Its cover is red. Please show me the book whose cover is red.
定语从句 在英语中,修饰名词或代词的句子叫定语从句。 例:The girl who is behind the tree is Kate.
定语从句讲解
定语从句讲解第一步:定语的概念,修饰名词就叫定语。
第二步:从句的概念,用一个句子来修饰名词,原因是世界上的形容词不够用了,我们要用句子来修饰名词;第三步:从句部分,who、that、which等这些关系代词。
在从句当中做什么成分,有的时候做主语,有的时候做宾语。
知道这一层结构,才可以知道定语从句跟主语的关系,以及关系代词跟从句的关系,写出完美的从句。
定语从句我们拆成两部分来说,一个叫定语,一个叫从句。
所谓定语,就是形容一个名词,修饰一个名词,从句就指的是用句子来做定语来修饰这个名词。
我们可以这么想,有的时候我们需要用形容词来修饰名词,这就是普通的定语,但有的时候形容词不够用了,我们需要用一个句子来修饰一个名词,比如说我喜欢吃妈妈做的饭,“妈妈做的饭”这就是一个定语从句,如果说,世界上有一个形容词来表达妈妈做的这个含义,那我就不需要这个句子来做定语了,可是我们想一想,世界上上有哪一个词来表达“妈妈做的”这个含义呢,没有这个词,我们自然而然需要一个句子来做定语,那就叫作定语从句了。
定语从句我们看一下,He is a man,who has a English book。
“who has a English book”就是一个句子,它作定语修饰这个“man”,什么什么的人,一个拥有一本英语书的人。
这就是一个定语从句了。
不管是中文还是英语,都有这个概念。
我们再看一下从句部分,“who has English book”我们看一下“who”在从句当中,做什么成分,“who”在从句中做主语,这个时候我们说,“who”所指代的先行词,这个“man”在从句中做主语,我们看一下是不是做主语,“The man has a English book”很明显,“The man ”是做主语的。
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定语从句(一)限制性定语从句:对先行词起修饰限制作用非限制性定语从句:对先行词起补充说明作用,通常用逗号隔开一、关系代词的用法(一)关系代词的作用和分类1、关系代词的作用(1)连接作用:关系代词引导从句,把从句和主句连接起来;(2)替代作用:关系代词在从句中替代它前面的先行词;(3)成分作用:关系代词在从句中总是充当成分。
2、关系代词分类用法用法依据:(1)根据所引导的从句的限制性和非限制性(2)根据所替代的先行词是指人还是指物(3)根据它在从句中所充当的成分——主语、宾语、表语或定语(二)关系代词that和which的用法1、限制性定语从句中,必须用that的情况:(1)当先行词是不定代词all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等时。
There is nothing in the world that can frighten him.You should hand in all that you have.(2)当先行词前面有the only, the very(恰好,正好),any, few, little, no, all 等词修饰时。
This is the very bus that I’m waiting for.The only thing that we can do is (to) give you some money.(3)当先行词是形容词最高级或先行词的前面有形容词最高级修饰时。
This is the best that has been used against pollution.This is the most interesting film that I’ve ever seen.(4)当先行词是序数词或它前面有序数词修饰时。
This train is the last that will go to Suzhou.What is the first American film that you have seen?(5)当先行词既有人又有物时。
Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?(6)当主句的主语是疑问词which时Which is the bike that you lost?(7)当有两个定语从句时,其中一个关系代词宜用which,另外一个宜用that。
They secretly built up a small factory, which produced things that could cause pollution.(8)当先行词在主句中作表语,而关系代词在从句中也作表语时。
Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.2、当先行词是指物或者前面整句话时,定语从句中关系代词必须用which 的情况:(1)在非限制性定语从句中,只用which,不用that。
Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Price for Literature in 2012, which made one of the Chinese people’s long-held dreams come true.(2)当从句的介词提前时,只用which,不用that。
Gun control is a subject about which Americans have argued for a long time.注意:在一些动词短语中,由于动词和介词不可分割,因此,不能把介词置于关系代词之前。
This is the pen (which/that) I’m looking for. 正确This is the pen for which I’m looking for. 错误题组训练:用which和that 填空1、Is there anything you don’t understand about the problem?2、the worst matter I’m afraid of happened in the end.3、all the presents your friends gave you on your birthday should be put away.4、this is the very book I have been looking for.5、my friend showed me round the town, was very kind of him.(三)关系代词who,whom,that和whose的用法当先行词指人时:①在定语从句中作主语,用who/that, 不可省略②在定语从句中作宾语,用whom/who/that, 可以省略③在定语从句中作定语,用whose,不可省略This is the girl who/that lives next door. 作主语This is the girl (whom/who/that) I teach. 作宾语This is the scientist whose achievements are well known. 作表语This is the house whose window broke last night.=This is the house, the window of which broke last night. 注意粗体部分的形式和顺序=This is the house, of which the window broke last night.题组训练:用关系代词who, whom, that或whose 填空6、Te man you met just now is my old friend.7、Te man is walking on the playground is my old friend.8、She brought with her three friends, none of I had ever met before.9、Tat’s the new machine parts are too small to be seen.(四)关系代词as引导的定语从句关系代词as既可以引导限制性定语从句,也可以引导非限制性定语从句,as 在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。
1、引导限制性定语从句常用于下列句式:Such+名词+as……像……一样的,像……之类The same+名词+as……和……同样的其中关系代词as在从句中充当主语、宾语或者表语。
如:We have found such materials as are used in their factory. (as作主语)These houses are sold at such a low price as people expected. (as作宾语)He is not the same man as he was. (as作表语)注意:such…as…引导的定语从句与such…that..引导的状语从句的区别①He is such a clever boy as everyone likes. (定语从句)②He is such a clever boy that everyone likes him. (状语从句)第一个句子中as引导定语从句,因为从句中却成分。
而第二个句中that 引导状语从句,从句中不缺任何成分。
2、… such as…such 为代词,意为“这样的人或物”,as在从句中作成分,修饰先行词such。
如:This book is not such as I expect. (as在从句中作宾语)(五)关系代词as, which 的区别1、as引导的非限制定语从句中,既可在主句前,又可在主句后,有时还可以插入主句中,而which引导的非限制定语从句只能置于主句之后。
相同的是两者都可以替代整个主句的内容。
The weather turned out to be very good, which was more than we could expected/2、当非限制性定语从句放在主句前面时,只能用as。
As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.=The moon travels round the earth once every month, as/which is known to everybody.=It is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.=What is known to everybody is that the moon travels round the earth once every month.众所周知,月球每月绕地球转一圈。
后两句属于名词性从句范畴。
另外,as 多用于下列习惯用于中:as everybody can see 正如人人都看到的那样as is well-known=as is known to all 众所周知as we have expected 正如我们所预料的那样as has been said before 正如以前所说的那样as is mentioned above 正如上面提到的3、当定语从句放在主句后面时,也并不是as就永远等于which(1)当非限制性定语从句是否定句或者表示否定时,只能用whichHe came here very late, which was unexpected (not expected).(2)当as在从句中作主语时,后面常接动词的被动语态。
如be known, be said, be reported, be announced等。
如果从句中行为动词是主动语态,一般用which作主语。
She has been absent again, as is expected.Tom has made rapid progress, which makes me very happy.(3)当非限制性定语从句中含有复合结构时,只能用which 引导定语从句Betty always tells a lie, which her parents find strange.题组训练:用as, which, it, what, that 填空10、He is such a lovely student everyone likes.11、He is such a lovely student everyone likes him.12、is known to us all is that China has the largest population in the world.13、is known to us all that China has the largest population in the world.14、is known to us all, China has the largest population in the world.15、The student that is from Beijing played truant(逃学) yesterday, made the teacher very disappointed.。