外文翻译-Spring的web-MVC-构架模式-精品
Struts、Spring、Hibernate三大框架的原理和优点
Struts的原理和优点.Struts工作原理MVC即Model—View—Controller的缩写，是一种常用的设计模式。
MVC 减弱了业务逻辑接口和数据接口之间的耦合，以及让视图层更富于变化。
MVC的工作原理，如下图1所示：Struts 是MVC的一种实现，它将Servlet和JSP 标记(属于J2EE 规范）用作实现的一部分。
Struts继承了MVC的各项特性,并根据J2EE的特点，做了相应的变化与扩展.Struts的工作原理，视图:主要由JSP生成页面完成视图，Struts提供丰富的JSP 标签库: Html，Bean，Logic，Template等，这有利于分开表现逻辑和程序逻辑。
控制：在Struts中,承担MVC中Controller角色的是一个Servlet，叫ActionServlet。
ActionServlet是一个通用的控制组件。
这个控制组件提供了处理所有发送到Struts的HTTP请求的入口点。
它截取和分发这些请求到相应的动作类(这些动作类都是Action类的子类）。
另外控制组件也负责用相应的请求参数填充Action From（通常称之为FromBean），并传给动作类（通常称之为ActionBean）。
动作类实现核心商业逻辑，它可以访问java bean 或调用EJB。
最后动作类把控制权传给后续的JSP 文件，后者生成视图。
所有这些控制逻辑利用Struts-config.xml文件来配置。
模型：模型以一个或多个java bean的形式存在。
这些bean分为三类：Action Form、Action、JavaBean or EJB.Action Form通常称之为FormBean，封装了来自于Client的用户请求信息,如表单信息。
Action通常称之为ActionBean，获取从ActionSevlet传来的FormBean,取出FormBean中的相关信息，并做出相关的处理，一般是调用Java Bean或EJB等。
webmvcconfigurer用法
WebMvcConfigurer用法一、概述WebMvcConfigurer是Spring框架中用来配置Web MVC的接口。
通过实现该接口，我们可以对Spring MVC的行为进行自定义配置，包括添加拦截器、视图解析器、消息转换器等等。
在实际开发中，我们经常会使用WebMvcConfigurer来进行一些定制化的配置，以满足项目的特定需求。
二、使用方式1. 创建一个类并实现WebMvcConfigurer接口我们需要创建一个新的类，并实现WebMvcConfigurer接口。
在该类中，我们可以重写一些方法来实现自定义的配置。
示例代码如下：```javaConfigurationpublic class MyWebMvcConfigurer implements WebMvcConfigurer {// 在这里可以重写WebMvcConfigurer的方法来实现自定义配置}```2. 添加Configuration注解在实现了WebMvcConfigurer接口的类上，我们需要添加Configuration注解，以告诉Spring容器这是一个配置类。
示例代码如下：```javaConfigurationpublic class MyWebMvcConfigurer implements WebMvcConfigurer {// 在这里可以重写WebMvcConfigurer的方法来实现自定义配置}```3. 重写需要配置的方法在实现WebMvcConfigurer接口的类中，我们可以根据需要重写一些方法来进行自定义配置。
以下是一些常用的配置方法：- 添加拦截器```javaOverridepublic void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {// 在这里可以添加自定义的拦截器}```- 配置视图解析器```javaOverridepublic void configureViewResolvers(ViewResolverRegistry registry) {// 在这里可以配置视图解析器}```- 配置消息转换器```javaOverridepublic voidconfigureMessageConverters(List<HttpMessageConverter<?>> converters) {// 在这里可以配置消息转换器}```- 配置静态资源```javaOverridepublic void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistryregistry) {// 在这里可以配置静态资源的映射}```- 配置跨域访问```javaOverridepublic void addCorsMappings(CorsRegistry registry) { // 在这里可以配置跨域访问规则}```- 配置路径匹配规则```javaOverridepublic void configurePathMatch(PathMatchConfigurer configurer) {// 在这里可以配置路径匹配规则}```- 配置跳转规则```javaOverridepublic void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {// 在这里可以配置跳转规则}```三、总结在本文中，我们介绍了WebMvcConfigurer的用法，其中包括了创建实现WebMvcConfigurer接口的类、添加Configuration注解以及对一些常用配置方法的重写。
Java中的Web开发框架有哪些
Java中的Web开发框架有哪些在Java中，有多种用于Web开发的框架。
这些框架提供了一套工具和结构，帮助开发人员快速构建可靠、高效的Web应用程序。
本文将介绍几种常用的Java Web开发框架。
一、Spring MVCSpring MVC是一个基于Java的轻量级Web框架，它是Spring框架的一部分。
Spring MVC通过使用模型-视图-控制器（MVC）的设计模式，将应用程序的不同组件分离开来。
它提供了灵活的配置选项和强大的功能，包括请求映射、表单处理、数据验证和视图解析等。
Spring MVC也支持RESTful风格的Web服务开发。
二、StrutsStruts是另一个受欢迎的Java Web框架，它遵循MVC设计模式。
Struts框架提供了一种结构化的方法来构建Web应用程序。
它使用Struts配置文件来管理请求和处理逻辑，同时提供了多种标签库和表单验证机制。
Struts还支持国际化和本地化，使得开发多语言应用程序更加简便。
三、JSFJavaServer Faces（JSF）是Java EE的一部分，它是一种用于构建用户界面的Web框架。
相比于其他框架，JSF更加面向组件。
它提供了一系列可重用的UI组件，开发人员可以通过简单地组合这些组件来构建复杂的用户界面。
JSF还具有良好的可扩展性和集成性，可以轻松地与其他Java技术和框架进行集成。
四、Play框架Play框架是一个用于构建Web应用程序的响应式全栈框架。
它采用了基于Actor模型的异步编程模型，这使得Play应用程序能够处理高并发和高吞吐量的请求。
Play框架还提供了内置的开发工具和自动重新加载功能，使得开发变得更加高效。
此外，Play还支持多种数据库和模板引擎，开发人员可以根据自己的需求进行选择。
五、Spring BootSpring Boot是一个用于简化Spring应用程序开发的框架。
它提供了一种约定优于配置的方式，通过自动配置和快速启动器，可以快速构建独立运行的、生产级别的Spring应用程序。
MVC架构与其他常见架构的比较与选择
MVC架构与其他常见架构的比较与选择MVC（Model-View-Controller）是一种常见的软件架构模式，它将一个应用程序分为三个核心部分：Model（模型）、View（视图）和Controller（控制器）。
MVC架构的设计目的是实现数据、表示和逻辑的分离，使开发更加模块化和易于维护。
除了MVC，还有许多其他常见的软件架构模式，例如MVP（Model-View-Presenter）、MVVM（Model-View-ViewModel）、三层架构、领域驱动设计（DDD）等。
在选择合适的架构模式时，需要根据具体的项目需求和团队能力来进行评估和选择。
首先，我们来看一下MVC架构和其他常见架构的比较：1. MVC vs. MVP：MVP模式是MVC的一种变体，它引入了Presenter（表示器）来代替Controller。
在MVP中，View与Model之间不直接通信，而是由Presenter充当中间人来处理交互。
这样可以进一步解耦视图和模型层，方便进行单元测试和维护。
MVP模式适用于需要更加灵活的界面逻辑处理的项目。
2. MVC vs. MVVM：MVVM模式是一种在前端开发中比较流行的架构模式，它引入了ViewModel（视图模型）来处理视图的数据绑定和逻辑。
ViewModel像是View和Model之间的粘合剂，负责管理视图状态和数据变化。
MVVM 模式适用于需要大量数据绑定和界面交互的项目，能够有效地简化前端开发流程。
3. MVC vs.三层架构：三层架构是一种将应用程序分为表示层、业务逻辑层和数据访问层的架构模式。
每个层级之间有清晰的边界和职责划分，可以更好地实现代码重用和可维护性。
三层架构适用于需要复杂业务逻辑和数据库操作的项目，但相对于MVC来说，可能会使项目结构更加复杂。
4. MVC vs. DDD：领域驱动设计（DDD）是一种将业务领域模型和软件开发过程直接关联起来的软件开发方法。
SpringMVC目录结构配置
SpringMVC目录结构配置SpringMVC是一种常见的Java Web框架，它遵循MVC（Model-View-Controller）设计模式，用于构建灵活可扩展的Web应用程序。
SpringMVC的目录结构对于项目的开发和维护非常重要，下面会详细介绍SpringMVC的标准目录结构以及配置方式。
1.标准目录结构1.1 src/main/java：主要用于存放Java源代码。
1.2 src/main/resources：主要用于存放配置文件和资源文件。
1.3 src/main/webapp：主要用于存放Web应用的静态资源。
1.4 src/test/java：主要用于存放测试用例的Java源代码。
1.5 src/test/resources：主要用于存放测试用例的配置文件和资源文件。
2.详细解析2.1 src/main/java目录src/main/java目录是存放Java源代码的默认目录，它包括以下几个子目录：- config：用于存放Spring配置类，如配置数据库连接、配置事务管理等。
- interceptor：用于存放SpringMVC的拦截器。
- model：用于存放数据模型相关的实体类。
- util：用于存放工具类。
- web：用于存放SpringMVC的控制器。
2.2 src/main/resources目录src/main/resources目录是存放配置文件和资源文件的默认目录，它包括以下几个子目录：- static：用于存放静态资源文件，如CSS、JavaScript、图片等。
- templates：用于存放模板文件，如HTML、Thymeleaf模板等。
- application.properties：存放项目的配置信息，如数据库配置、端口配置等。
- logback.xml：存放日志配置，如日志级别、输出路径等。
- mapper：存放MyBatis的Mapper.xml文件。
MVC三层架构范文
MVC三层架构范文MVC（Model-View-Controller）是一种软件设计模式，用于将应用程序的逻辑分为三个不同的组件：模型(Model)，视图(View)和控制器(Controller)。
这种架构模式在软件开发中被广泛应用，特别是在Web应用程序开发中。
1. 模型(Model)层：模型层负责管理应用程序的数据和业务逻辑。
它包括与数据库交互的代码、数据验证和处理的代码等。
模型层通过定义数据的结构和规则，为其他两个组件提供数据。
模型层具有以下几个主要的特点：-数据管理：模型层负责管理应用程序的数据，包括数据的读取、存储和更新等操作。
-业务逻辑：模型层包含应用程序的业务逻辑，例如数据的校验、数据关联和计算等。
-数据触发：当数据发生变化时，模型层负责触发事件通知视图层和控制器层，以便更新视图和处理相关的业务逻辑。
2. 视图(View)层：视图层是应用程序的用户界面，负责将数据显示给用户，并接收用户的输入。
它通常是由HTML、CSS、JavaScript等技术实现的。
视图层具有以下几个主要的特点：-数据展示：视图层负责将数据以适当的方式展示给用户，例如在界面上显示数据表格、图表等。
-用户输入：视图层接收用户的输入，并将输入传递给控制器层处理。
- 交互效果：视图层可以通过JavaScript等技术实现交互效果，例如表单验证、页面动画等。
3. 控制器(Controller)层：控制器层负责处理应用程序的逻辑流程，包括接收用户的输入、处理业务逻辑、更新模型层和刷新视图层等。
控制器层具有以下几个主要的特点：-用户输入处理：控制器层接收用户的输入，并根据输入执行相应的业务逻辑。
-业务处理：控制器层负责处理应用程序的业务逻辑，例如数据校验、数据处理和数据关联等。
-视图通知：当模型层的数据发生变化时，控制器层负责更新视图层的显示，以保持界面的同步。
MVC架构模式的优势包括以下几个方面：1.松耦合：MVC将应用程序的不同模块分开，并通过定义清晰的接口进行交互，使得每个模块的开发和测试都可以独立进行，降低了模块之间的耦合度。
spring-mvc 中文文档
Spring框架 参考文档
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Spring Framework 2.5翻译计 划 Spring Framework 4.x参考文 档 Spring Framework 4.x中文翻 译 Spring 中 文文档3.1
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翻译了Spring文档的简介、新特性和容器IOC 部分
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URI构造 为控制器和方法指定URI 在视图中为控制器和方法指定URI 地区信息 获取时区信息 Accept请求头解析器AcceptHeaderLocaleResolver Cookie解析器CookieLocaleResolver Session解析器SessionLocaleResolver 地区更改拦截器LocaleChangeInterceptor 主题 themes 关于主题：概览 定义主题 主题解析器 Spring的multipart（文件上传）支持 概述 使用MultipartResolver与Commons FileUpload传输文件 Servlet 3.0下的MultipartResolver 处理表单中的文件上传 处理客户端发起的文件上传请求 异常处理 处理器异常解析器HandlerExceptionHandler @ExceptionHandler注解 处理一般的Spring MVC异常 使用@ResponseStatus注解业务异常 Servlet默认容器错误页面的定制化 Web安全 "约定优于配置"的支持 控制器类名-处理器映射ControllerClassNameHandlerMapping 模型ModelMap(ModelAndView) 视图-请求与视图名的映射 HTTP缓存支持 HTTP请求头Cache-Control 对静态资源的HTTP缓存支持 在控制器中设置Cache-Control、ETag和Last-Modified响应头
后端开发常用的框架及其实现原理
后端开发常用的框架及其实现原理随着互联网的迅速发展，后端开发的重要性也越来越凸显。
后端开发主要负责网站、应用程序等服务的运行与实现，包括数据库的设计与管理，服务器端的业务逻辑设计与开发等。
后端开发需要使用一些框架和工具来提高效率，本文将介绍常见的后端开发框架及其实现原理。
一、Spring框架Spring框架是Java应用程序开发的一个全栈框架，它提供了一系列的解决方案，包括Web应用程序开发、AOP编程、事务管理、数据存储、消息传递、安全性等方面。
Spring框架是以IOC容器和AOP两大核心特性为主要实现原理的。
IOC容器：IOC是Inversion of Control的缩写，翻译为“控制反转”。
它的实现原理是将对象的创建、处理和销毁等过程交给了IOC 容器控制，降低了对象之间的耦合性。
Spring框架中的IOC容器是以BeanFactory的形式实现的，可以通过XML、注解或Java代码的方式进行配置。
在Spring框架中，BeanFactory是接口类，ApplicationContext是BeanFactory的子类，一般推荐使用ApplicationContext。
AOP：AOP是Aspect Oriented Programming的缩写，翻译为“面向切面编程”。
它的主要目的是将各个模块之间交叉的切面代码抽取出来，统一进行管理。
Spring框架中的AOP通过动态代理技术实现，每个切面都被包装成一个代理类，并且使用XML、注解或Java代码进行配置。
二、Django框架Django框架是基于Python语言的一个开源Web框架，它提供了一系列的组件和方法，极大地简化了Web应用程序的开发过程，包括URL 路由、模板引擎、ORM等。
Django框架的实现原理是MVT的模式。
MVT模式：MVT是Model-View-Template的缩写，翻译为“模型-视图-模板”。
它将Web应用程序分为三层，分别是模型、视图和模板。
编程中的MVC架构及其应用
编程中的MVC架构及其应用MVC（Model-View-Controller）是一种软件架构模式，广泛应用于Web开发中。
MVC架构将Web应用程序分为三个组件：模型（Model）、视图（View）和控制器（Controller），以实现Web应用程序的分层和解耦。
首先，让我们了解一下MVC的组成部分和基本原则。
模型（Model）是应用程序中的数据存储和处理层，负责与应用程序的数据库进行交互。
视图（View）是应用程序的用户界面层，负责呈现模型数据并接收用户的输入。
控制器（Controller）是应用程序的业务逻辑层，负责根据用户的输入决定操作模型并控制视图进行更新。
MVC架构的核心思想是分离关注点（Separation of Concerns）。
模型、视图和控制器各自管理自己的逻辑，彼此之间的交互尽可能少。
这种分离模式有助于提高代码的可读性、可维护性和可扩展性。
接下来，我们来探讨MVC架构的应用。
在Web开发中，通常使用MVC架构来开发服务器端应用程序。
下面是一个简单的MVC应用程序的示例：首先，定义一个数据模型（Model）来存储所需的数据：class Person:def __init__(self, name, age): = nameself.age = age然后，定义一个视图（View）来呈现模型中的数据：class PersonView:def display(self, person):print('Name:', )print('Age:', person.age)最后，定义一个控制器（Controller）来协调模型和视图：class PersonController:def __init__(self, person):self.person = personself.view = PersonView()def update(self, name, age): = nameself.person.age = agedef display(self):self.view.display(self.person)使用MVC架构时，我们将Web应用程序的逻辑分层。
Spring的web框架-外文翻译
英文原文Spring contains a lot of functionality and features, which are well-organized in seven modules shown in the diagram below. This section discusses each the of modules in turn.The Core package is the most fundamental part of the framework and provides the Dependency Injection features allowing you to manage bean container functionality. The basic concept here is the BeanFactory, which provides a factory pattern removing the need for programmatic singletons and allowing you to decouple the configuration and specification of dependencies from your actual program logic.On top of the Core package sits the Context package, providing a way to access beans in a framework-style manner, somewhat resembling a JNDI-registry. The context package inherits its features from the beans package and adds support for text messaging using e.g. resource bundles, event-propagation, resource-loading and transparent creation of contexts by, for example, a servlet container.The DAO package provides a JDBC-abstraction layer that removes the need to do tedious JDBC coding and parsing of database-vendor specific error codes. Also, the JDBC package provides a way to do programmatic as well as declarative transaction management, not only for classes implementing special interfaces, but for all your POJOs (plain old java objects).The ORM package provides integration layers for popular object-relational mapping APIs, including JDO, Hibernate and iBatis. Using the ORM package you can use all those O/R-mappers in combination with all the other features Spring offers, like simple declarative transaction management mentioned before.Spring's AOP package provides an AOP Alliance compliant aspect-oriented programming implementation allowing you to define, for example, method-interceptors and pointcuts to cleanly decouple code implementing functionality that should logically speaking be separated. Using source-level metadata functionality you can incorporate all kinds of behavioral information into your code, a little like .NET attributes.Spring's Web package provides basic web-oriented integration features, such as multipart functionality, initialization of contexts using servlet listeners and a web-oriented application context. When using Spring together with WebWork or Struts, this is the package to integrate with.Spring's Web MVC package provides a Model-View-Controller implementation for web-applications. Spring's MVC implementation is not just any implementation, it provides a clean separation between domain model code and web forms and allows you to use all the other features of the Spring Framework like validation.Spring's web MVC framework is designed around a DispatcherServlet that dispatches requests to handlers, with configurable handler mappings, view resolution, locale and theme resolution as well as support for upload files. The default handler is a very simple Controller interface, just offering a ModelAndView handleRequest(request,response) method. This can already be used for application controllers, but you will prefer the included implementation hierarchy, consisting of, for example AbstractController, AbstractCommandController and SimpleFormController. Application controllers will typically be subclasses of those. Note that youcan choose an appropriate base class: If you don't have a form, you don't need a FormController. This is a major difference to Struts.You can use any object as a command or form object -there's no need to implement an interface or derive from a base class. Spring's data binding is highly flexible, for example, it treats type mismatches as validation errors that can be evaluated by the application, not as system errors. So you don't need to duplicate your business objects' properties as Strings in your form objects, just to be able to handle invalid submissions, or to convert the Strings properly. Instead, it is often preferable to bind directly to your business objects. This is another major difference to Struts which is built around required base classes like Action and ActionForm - for every type of action.Compared to WebWork, Spring has more differentiated object roles. It supports the notion of a Controller, an optional command or form object, and a model that gets passed to the view. The model will normally include the command or form object but also arbitrary reference data. Instead, a WebWork Action combines all those roles into one single object. WebWork does allow you to use existing business objects as part of your form, but only by making them bean properties of the respective Action class. Finally, the same Action instance that handles the request is used for evaluation and form population in the view. Thus, reference data needs to be modeled as bean properties of the Action too. These are arguably too many roles for one object.Spring's view resolution is extremely flexible. A Controller implementation can even write a view directly to the response, returning null as ModelAndView. In the normal case, a ModelAndView instance consists of a view name and a model Map, containing bean names and corresponding objects (like a command or form, containing reference data). View name resolution is highly configurable, either via bean names, via a properties file, or via your own ViewResolver implementation. The abstract model Map allows for complete abstraction of the view technology, without any hassle. Any renderer can be integrated directly, whether JSP, V elocity, or any other rendering technology. The model Map is simply transformed into an appropriate format, such as JSP request attributes or a Velocity template model..Pluggability of other MVC implementationsThere are several reasons why some projects will prefer to use other MVC implementations. Many teams expect to leverage their existing investment in skills and tools. In addition, there is a large body of knowledge and experience avalailable for the Struts framework. Thus, if you can live with Struts' architectural flaws, it can still be a viable choice for the web layer. The same applies to WebWork and other web MVC frameworks.If you don't want to use Spring's web MVC, but intend to leverage other solutions that Spring offers, you can integrate the web MVC framework of your choice with Spring easily. Simply start up a Spring root application context via its ContextLoaderListener, and access it via its ServletContext attribute (or Spring's respective helper method) from within a Struts or WebWork action. Note that there aren't any "plugins" involved, so no dedicated integration is necessary. From the web layer's point of view, you'll simply use Spring as a library, with the root application context instance as the entry point.All your registered beans and all of Spring's services can be at your fingertips even withoutSpring's web MVC. Spring doesn't compete with Struts or WebWork in this scenario, it just addresses the many areas that the pure web MVC frameworks don't, from bean configuration to data access and transaction handling. So you are able to enrich your application with a Spring middle tier and/or data access tier, even if you just want to use, for example, the transaction abstraction with JDBC or Hibernate.Features of Spring MVCSpring's web module provides a wealth of unique web support features, including:Clear separation of roles - controller, validator, command object, form object, model object, DispatcherServlet, handler mapping, view resolver, etc. Each role can be fulfilled by a specialized object.Powerful and straightforward configuration of both framework and application classes as JavaBeans, including easy referencing across contexts, such as from web controllers to business objects and validators.Adaptability, non-intrusiveness. Use whatever controller subclass you need (plain, command, form, wizard, multi-action, or a custom one) for a given scenario instead of deriving from a single controller for everything.Reusable business code - no need for duplication. You can use existing business objects as command or form objects instead of mirroring them in order to extend a particular framework base class.Customizable binding and validation - type mismatches as application-level validation errors that keep the offending value, localized date and number binding, etc instead of String-only form objects with manual parsing and conversion to business objects.Customizable handler mapping and view resolution - handler mapping and view resolution strategies range from simple URL-based configuration, to sophisticated, purpose-built resolution strategies. This is more flexible than some web MVC frameworks which mandate a particular technique.Flexible model transfer - model transfer via a name/value Map supports easy integration with any view technology.Customizable locale and theme resolution, support for JSPs with or without Spring tag library, support for JSTL, support for Velocity without the need for extra bridges, etc.A simple but powerful tag library that avoids HTML generation at any cost, allowing for maximum flexibility in terms of markup code.Data Access using O/R MappersSpring provides integration with Hibernate, JDO, Oracle TopLink, Apache OJB and iBATIS SQL Maps: in terms of resource management, DAO implementation support, and transaction strategies. For example for Hibernate, there is first-class support with lots of IoC convenience features, addressing many typical Hibernate integration issues. All of these support packages for O/R mappers comply with Spring's generic transaction and DAO exception hierarchies. There are usually two integration styles: either using Spring's DAO 'templates' or coding DAOs against plain Hibernate/JDO/TopLink/etc APIs. In both cases, DAOs can be configured through DependencyInjection and participate in Spring's resource and transaction management.Spring's adds significant support when using the O/R mapping layer of your choice to create data access applications. First of all, you should know that once you started using Spring's support for O/R mapping, you don't have to go all the way. No matter to what extent, you're invited to review and leverage the Spring approach, before deciding to take the effort and risk of building a similar infrastructure in-house. Much of the O/R mapping support, no matter what technology you're using may be used in a library style, as everything is designed as a set of reusable JavaBeans. Usage inside an ApplicationContext does provide additional benefits in terms of ease of configuration and deployment; as such, most examples in this section show configuration inside an ApplicationContext.Some of the the benefits of using Spring to create your O/R mapping DAOs include:Ease of testing. Spring's inversion of control approach makes it easy to swap the implementations and config locations of Hibernate SessionFactory instances, JDBC DataSources, transaction managers, and mapper object implementations (if needed). This makes it much easier to isolate and test each piece of persistence-related code in isolation.Common data access exceptions.Spring can wrap exceptions from you O/R mapping tool of choice, converting them from proprietary (potentially checked) exceptions to a common runtime DataAccessException hierarchy. This allows you to handle most persistence exceptions, which are non-recoverable, only in the appropriate layers, without annoying boilerplate catches/throws, and exception declarations. You can still trap and handle exceptions anywhere you need to. Remember that JDBC exceptions (including DB specific dialects) are also converted to the same hierarchy, meaning that you can perform some operations with JDBC within a consistent programming model.General resource management. Spring application contexts can handle the location and configuration of Hibernate SessionFactory instances, JDBC DataSources, iBATIS SQL Maps configuration objects, and other related resources. This makes these values easy to manage and change. Spring offers efficient, easy and safe handling of persistence resources. For example: Related code using Hibernate generally needs to use the same Hibernate Session for efficiency and proper transaction handling. Spring makes it easy to transparently create and bind a Session to the current thread, either by using an explicit 'template' wrapper class at the Java code level or by exposing a current Session through the Hibernate SessionFactory (for DAOs based on plain Hibernate3 API). Thus Spring solves many of the issues that repeatedly arise from typical Hibernate usage, for any transaction environment (local or JTA).Integrated transaction management. Spring allows you to wrap your O/R mapping code with either a declarative, AOP style method interceptor, or an explicit 'template' wrapper class at the Java code level. In either case, transaction semantics are handled for you, and proper transaction handling (rollback, etc) in case of exceptions is taken care of. As discussed below, you also get the benefit of being able to use and swap various transaction managers, without your Hibernate/JDO related code being affected: for example, between local transactions and JTA, with the same full services (such as declarative transactions) available in both scenarios. As an additional benefit,JDBC-related code can fully integrate transactionally with the code you use to do O/R mapping. This is useful for data access that's not suitable for O/R mapping, such as batch processing or streaming of BLOBs, which still needs to share common transactions with O/R mapping operations.To avoid vendor lock-in, and allow mix-and-match implementation strategies. While Hibernate is powerful, flexible, open source and free, it still uses a proprietary API. Furthermore one could argue that iBA TIS is a bit lightweight, although it's excellent for use in application that don't require complex O/R mapping strategies. Given the choice, it's usually desirable to implement major application functionality using standard or abstracted APIs, in case you need to switch to another implementation for reasons of functionality, performance, or any other concerns. For example, Spring's abstraction of Hibernate transactions and exceptions, along with its IoC approach which allows you to easily swap in mapper/DAO objects implementing data access functionality, makes it easy to isolate all Hibernate-specific code in one area of your application, without sacrificing any of the power of Hibernate. Higher level service code dealing with the DAOs has no need to know anything about their implementation. This approach has the additional benefit of making it easy to intentionally implement data access with a mix-and-match approach (i.e. some data access performed using Hibernate, and some using JDBC, others using iBATIS) in a non-intrusive fashion, potentially providing great benefits in terms of continuing to use legacy code or leveraging the strength of each technology.The Spring transaction abstractionSpring provides a consistent abstraction for transaction management. This abstraction is one of the most important of Spring's abstractions, and delivers the following benefits: Provides a consistent programming model across different transaction APIs such as JTA, JDBC, Hibernate, iBA TIS Database Layer and JDO.Provides a simpler, easier to use, API for programmatic transaction management than most of these transaction APIsIntegrates with the Spring data access abstractionSupports Spring declarative transaction managementTraditionally, J2EE developers have had two choices for transaction management: to use global or local transactions. Global transactions are managed by the application server, using JTA. Local transactions are resource-specific: for example, a transaction associated with a JDBC connection. This choice had profound implications. Global transactions provide the ability to work with multiple transactional resources. (It's worth noting that most applications use a single transaction resource) With local transactions, the application server is not involved in transaction management, and cannot help ensure correctness across multiple resources.Global transactions have a significant downside. Code needs to use JTA: a cumbersome API to use (partly due to its exception model). Furthermore, a JTA UserTransaction normally needs to be obtained from JNDI: meaning that we need to use both JNDI and JTA to use JTA. Obviously all use of global transactions limits the reusability of application code, as JTA is normally only available in an application server environment.The preferred way to use global transactions was via EJB CMT (Container Managed Transaction): a form of declarative transaction management (as distinguished from programmatic transaction management). EJB CMT removes the need for transaction-related JNDI lookups--although of course the use of EJB itself necessitates the use of JNDI. It removes most--not all--need to write Java code to control transactions. The significant downside is that CMT is (obviously) tied to JTA and an application server environment; and that it's only available if we choose to implement business logic in EJBs, or at least behind a transactional EJB facade. The negatives around EJB in general are so great that this is not an attractive proposition, when there are alternatives for declarative transaction management.Local transactions may be easier to use, but also have significant disadvantages: They cannot work across multiple transactional resources, and tend to invade the programming model. For example, code that manages transactions using a JDBC connection cannot run within a global JTA transaction.Spring resolves these problems. It enables application developers to use a consistent programming model in any environment. You write your code once, and it can benefit from different transaction management strategies in different environments. Spring provides both declarative and programmatic transaction management. Declarative transaction management is preferred by most users, and recommended in most cases.With programmatic transaction management developers work with the Spring transaction abstraction, which can run over any underlying transaction infrastructure. With the preferred declarative model developers typically write little or no code related to transaction management, and hence don't depend on Spring's or any other transaction API.中文译文Core包是框架的最基础部分，并提供依赖注入（Dependency Injection）特性来使你可管理Bean容器功能。
spring mvc 面试知识点
Spring MVC 面试知识点Spring MVC 是一个轻量级的基于 Java 的Web开发框架，它是 Spring 框架的一部分。
在面试中，掌握 Spring MVC 的知识是非常重要的。
本文将介绍一些关于Spring MVC 的面试知识点，以帮助你更好地准备面试。
1. 什么是 Spring MVC？Spring MVC 是基于 Model-View-Controller（模型-视图-控制器）设计模式的Web框架。
它通过将应用程序分为模型、视图和控制器来实现应用程序的松耦合，使得开发人员能够更好地管理和组织代码。
Spring MVC 提供了一个强大的基于注解的方式来处理请求和响应。
2. Spring MVC 的核心组件是什么？Spring MVC 的核心组件包括以下几个：•DispatcherServlet：它是整个 Spring MVC 的前端控制器，负责将请求分发给不同的处理器进行处理。
•HandlerMapping：它负责将请求映射到对应的处理器。
•Controller：它是处理请求的组件，通常使用注解或实现特定接口来标识。
•ViewResolver：它负责解析视图的逻辑名称并返回具体的视图对象。
•View：它负责将模型数据渲染成具体的HTML、JSON 等形式的响应。
3. Spring MVC 的请求处理流程是怎样的？Spring MVC 的请求处理流程如下：1.客户端发送请求到服务器。
2.请求被 DispatcherServlet 拦截。
3.DispatcherServlet 根据请求的 URL 调用合适的 HandlerMapping 来确定请求的处理器。
4.处理器处理请求，并将处理结果存储在一个 ModelAndView 对象中。
5.DispatcherServlet 根据 HandlerMapping 返回的处理器和ModelAndView，选择一个合适的 ViewResolver 来解析视图逻辑名称。
毕业设计spring mvc
毕业设计spring mvc毕业设计Spring MVC一、引言在计算机科学与技术领域，毕业设计是学生在大学期间的重要任务之一。
作为一个软件开发项目，毕业设计旨在让学生将所学的理论知识应用到实际项目中，并通过实践来提升自己的技术能力和解决问题的能力。
本文将介绍一个常见的毕业设计主题，即使用Spring MVC框架进行开发。
二、Spring MVC简介Spring MVC是一个基于Java的Web应用开发框架，它采用了Model-View-Controller（MVC）的架构模式，用于构建灵活、可扩展和高效的Web应用程序。
Spring MVC提供了一套强大的功能，包括请求处理、视图解析、数据绑定、表单验证等，使得开发人员可以更加专注于业务逻辑的实现。
三、项目需求分析在进行毕业设计之前，首先需要进行项目需求分析。
这个阶段的目标是明确项目的功能和特性，以便后续的开发工作能够有一个明确的目标。
例如，一个简单的毕业设计项目可以是一个在线图书销售平台，其中包括用户注册、图书浏览、购买和评论等功能。
四、项目架构设计在确定了项目需求之后，接下来需要进行项目架构设计。
项目架构设计是指确定项目的整体结构和组织方式，包括模块划分、数据库设计、系统接口定义等。
在使用Spring MVC进行开发时，可以将项目划分为控制器层、服务层和数据访问层等模块，并使用Spring的依赖注入机制来管理各个模块之间的依赖关系。
五、数据库设计在进行数据库设计时，需要根据项目需求分析的结果来确定数据库的表结构和字段。
例如，在图书销售平台的项目中，可以设计一个用户表、图书表和订单表等。
同时，还需要考虑数据库的性能和安全性等方面的问题，例如使用索引来提高查询效率，使用密码加密算法来保护用户密码等。
六、前端设计在进行前端设计时，可以使用HTML、CSS和JavaScript等技术来实现用户界面。
Spring MVC提供了视图解析器的功能，可以将后端数据与前端页面进行绑定，从而实现动态的Web页面。
计算机专业外文翻译 9
译文Apache Struts 2“Apache Struts 2 is an elegant, extensible framework for creating enterprise-ready Java web applications. The framework is designed to streamline the full development cycle, from building, to deploying, to maintaining applications over time” -The Apache Software Foundation.4.1简介Struts是Apache的一个应用于Java Web的网络编程的开源框架。
Struts框架的创造者和发起者是McClanahan。
后来在2002年，Struts框架由Apache软件基金会收购和接管。
Struts 提供给程序员一个易于组织基于JSP和Servlet的HTML格式和Java代码的框架。
Struts1几乎能与所有标准的Java技术和Jakarta配置包协同工作。
然而,随着需求的不断增长，Struts1在网络应用程序暴露出来许多问题,所以为了满足需求，导致Strut2推出,Strut2能更好地为开发者提供服务,如 Ajax、高效开发和可扩展性。
4.1.1 Struts 2的起源自从2000年Apache Struts的发起,Struts框架取得了非常大的成功,被大多数标准所接纳,得到了很大的发展,如果不是这样,哪里会有今天java web程序的成绩。
它的历史,告诉我们Struts是怎样组织JSP和/ Servlets，而提供了固定的框架。
Struts融入server-generated HTML与Javascript,客户端验证,也使得开发比较容易和维护。
随着时间推进的和客户对web 需求扩大,网站应用程序取得硕果累累,Struts1太老了，开始在越来越多的网站前端开发者视野中淡去。
Spring框架-毕业论文外文文献翻译
外文文献翻译SpringFrameworkSpring is an open source framework, and Spring was launched in 2003 as a lightweight Java development framework created by Rod Johnson.In a nutshell, Spring is a hierarchical, JavaSE/EEfull-stack (one-stop) lightweight open source framework.The powerful JavaBeans based configuration management using the Inversion of Control (IoC) principle makes application components faster and easier.1.facilitate decoupling and simplify developmentThrough the IoC container provided by Spring, we can control dependencies between objects by Spring, avoiding excessive program coupling caused by hard coding.With Spring, users do not have to write code for the bottom tier requirements of single instance schema classes, properties, file parsing, and so on, and can focus more on top tier applications.2.AOP programming supportThrough the Spring functionality provided by AOP, it is easy to implement face oriented programming, and many features that are not easily implemented with traditional OOP can be easily handled by AOP.3.declarative transaction supportIn Spring, we can extricate ourselves from tedious and tedious transaction management code and flexibly manage the transaction through declarative manner, so as to improve the efficiency and quality of development.4.convenience program testingAlmost all test work can be done in a non container dependent programming manner, and in Spring, testing is no longer expensive, but something to do.For example, Spring supports Junit4 and can easily test Spring programs by annotations.5.convenient integration of various excellent frameworkSpring does not exclude all kinds of excellent open source framework, on the contrary, Spring can reduce the difficulty of the use of Spring framework, provides a framework for a variety of excellent (such as Struts, Hibernate, Hessian, Quartz) directly support the.6.reduce the difficulty of using Java EE APISpring provides a thin layer of encapsulation for many difficult Java, EE, API (such as JDBC, JavaMail, remote calls, etc.), and the use of these Java EE API is greatly reduced through the simple package of Spring.7.Java source code is a classic example of learningSpring source code, clear structure, exquisite design originality, embodies the master of the Java design pattern and the flexible use of Java technology accomplishment.Spring framework source code is undoubtedly the best practice example of Java technology.If you want to quickly improve your Java skills and application development level in a short time, learning an.The role of MVC - Spring is integration, but not just integration, and the Spring framework can be seen as a framework for enterprise solution levels.The client sends a request, the server controller (implemented by DispatcherServlet) to complete the request forwarding, call a controller for mapping class HandlerMapping, the class is used to map requests to the corresponding processor to process the request.HandlerMapping will request is mapped to the corresponding processor Controller (equivalent to Action) in Spring if you write some processor components, the general implementation of the Controller interface in Controller, you can call Service or DAO to operate data from the DAO ModelAndView used to store the retrieved data, some data can also be stored in response to the view.If you want to return the result to the user, it also provides a view of ViewResolver component in Spring framework, the component labeled Controller returns according to, find the corresponding view, the response response back to the user.Each module (or component) that makes up the Spring framework can exist alone, or can be implemented in conjunction with one or more other modules.Each module has the following functions: 1, the core container: the core container provides the basic functionality of the Spring framework (Spring, Core).The main component of the core container is BeanFactory, which is implemented in factory mode.BeanFactory uses the control inversion (IOC) pattern to separate application configuration and dependency specifications from theactual application code.Spring框架Spring是一个开源框架, Spring是于2003 年兴起的一个轻量级的Java 开发框架, 由Rod Johnson创建。
Web开发框架选择指南
Web开发框架选择指南对于开发Web应用程序的开发者来说，选择合适的开发框架是一个重要的决策。
Web开发框架提供了一套工具和结构，帮助开发者快速构建功能强大、稳定可靠的应用程序。
然而，众多的开发框架选择也给开发者带来了困扰。
本文将介绍几个常见的Web开发框架，并根据不同的需求提供相关的选择指南。
一、Spring框架Spring是一个为Java开发者提供的全栈式应用程序开发框架。
它具有很多优点，如灵活性、可扩展性和可测试性。
Spring提供了一套完整的MVC（模型-视图-控制器）架构，能够很好地处理Web请求，同时支持事务管理和安全性控制。
如果你已经熟悉Java开发，并且更喜欢使用Java开发Web应用程序，那么Spring框架是一个很好的选择。
二、Django框架Django是一个基于Python的高级Web开发框架。
它的设计理念注重简洁明了和高效性能。
Django采用了MTV（模型-模板-视图）架构，提供了丰富的开发工具和库，开发者可以轻松构建功能完善的Web应用程序。
如果你对Python开发感兴趣，Django是一个值得考虑的选择。
三、Ruby on Rails框架Ruby on Rails是一个开源的Web应用程序开发框架，基于Ruby语言。
它的设计目标是简单快速地构建高效的Web应用程序。
Ruby on Rails采用了MVC架构，提供了一系列的开发工具和库，可以帮助开发者快速构建功能丰富的Web应用程序。
如果你对Ruby语言感兴趣，Ruby on Rails是一个值得考虑的选择。
四、Express框架Express是一个基于Node.js的灵活而简单的Web应用程序开发框架。
它提供了一系列的功能丰富的中间件和路由器，使得开发者可以轻松处理HTTP请求和响应。
Express框架非常适合快速构建小型和中型的Web应用程序。
如果你对JavaScript和Node.js开发感兴趣，Express是一个不错的选择。
使用MVC架构设计Web应用程序
使用MVC架构设计Web应用程序随着互联网的不断发展，Web应用程序的开发也越来越受到关注。
为了提高Web应用程序的开发效率和稳定性，现在很多开发者会选择使用MVC（Model-View-Controller）架构来设计Web应用程序。
MVC架构是一种将应用程序分为三个核心部分的设计模式。
这三个部分分别是Model（数据模型）、View（视图）和Controller（控制器）。
其中，Model负责处理数据逻辑，View负责呈现界面，Controller负责处理业务逻辑和数据流程控制。
使用MVC架构开发Web应用程序有许多好处。
首先，它可以更好地分离应用程序的不同部分，使得代码更加易于维护和扩展。
其次，MVC架构可以减少代码的冗余，提高代码的可读性和可重用性。
最后，MVC架构可以帮助开发者更好地分离应用程序的不同模块，使得开发过程更加协调和高效。
在MVC架构设计下，一个典型的Web应用程序会包括以下几个部分：1. 数据模型（Model）数据模型是Web应用程序最重要的组成部分之一。
它负责处理应用程序的数据逻辑，包括数据的存储、处理和传输。
在MVC架构中，数据模型通常是由一个或多个数据库组成的。
开发者可以通过编写模型来定义数据库的表结构和字段，并定义数据的存储、获取、更新和删除等操作方法。
2. 视图（View）视图是Web应用程序展示给用户的界面。
在MVC架构中，视图通常是由HTML、CSS和JavaScript等前端技术构成的。
开发者可以通过编写视图来设计Web页面的布局和样式，同时将数据从控制器传递到应用程序的视图中进行呈现。
3. 控制器（Controller）控制器是Web应用程序中的业务逻辑层，它负责处理用户的请求和返回数据。
在MVC架构中，控制器通常是由一个或多个类组成的。
开发者可以通过编写控制器来在模型和视图之间进行数据的传递和控制流程的控制。
同时，控制器还可以实现用户验证、访问控制、错误处理和日志记录等功能。
Spring框架参考文档-5.0.0-中文完整版
Spring框架参考文档-5.0.0-中文完整版AuthorsRod Johnson , Juergen Hoeller , Keith Donald , Colin Sampaleanu , Rob Harrop , Thomas Risberg , Alef Arendsen , Darren Davison , Dmitriy Kopylenko , Mark Pollack , Thierry Templier , Erwin Vervaet , Portia Tung , Ben Hale , Adrian Colyer , John Lewis , Costin Leau , Mark Fisher , Sam Brannen , Ramnivas Laddad , Arjen Poutsma , Chris Beams , Tareq Abedrabbo , Andy Clement , Dave Syer , Oliver Gierke , Rossen Stoyanchev , Phillip Webb , Rob Winch , Brian Clozel , Stephane Nicoll , Sebastien Deleuze版本号：5.0.0.RELEASECopyright ? 2004-2016Copies of this document may be made for your own use and for distribution to others, provided that you do not charge any fee for such copies and further provided that each copy contains this Copyright Notice, whether distributed in print or electronically.文档官网：https://docs.spring.io/spring/docs/5.0.0.RELEASE/spring-framework-reference/index.html现在官网的5.0.0已经在2017年9月28日出了release版，为此翻译了5.0.0版本（从4.3.10升级到此版本，如果还在使用4.3.10版本，请看本人的前一个版本），翻译前后历时15天，十多次的修改和校对。
webmvcconfigurer cors原理
webmvcconfigurer cors原理WebMvcConfigurer是Spring框架中用于配置Web MVC框架的接口，而CORS（跨来源资源共享）是一种Web技术，允许Web应用程序在浏览器中执行跨域请求。
通过实现WebMvcConfigurer接口，开发人员可以自定义Spring MVC的配置，包括跨域请求的处理。
在实现WebMvcConfigurer时，可以重写其中的configureCors()方法来自定义CORS配置。
在configureCors()方法中，可以设置CORS的属性，例如允许哪些来源、允许哪些请求方法、是否允许携带凭证等。
通过修改这些属性，可以控制跨域请求的行为。
当浏览器发起跨域请求时，服务器会检查请求头中的Origin字段，并与在CORS配置中定义的来源进行比较。
如果匹配成功，服务器会根据CORS配置决定是否允许该请求。
如果不匹配或配置不允许该请求，服务器会返回相应的CORS响应头，告诉浏览器该请求被拒绝。
因此，通过实现WebMvcConfigurer接口并重写configureCors()方法，开发人员可以灵活地控制跨域请求的行为，以满足实际需求。
Spring Web Services教程（Spring-WS）中文名称：Spring Web Se
About the T utorialSpring Web Services (Spring-WS) is one of the project developed by the Spring Community. Its prime focus is to create document-driven Web Services. The Spring Web Services project facilitates contract-first SOAP service development, provides multiple ways to create flexible web services, which can manipulate XML payloads in multiple ways. Being Spring based, Spring Web Services uses Spring Concepts like Dependency Injection and Configurations seamlessly. Spring-WS requires Spring 3.0 version.Spring Framework was initially written by Rod Johnson and was first released under the Apache 2.0 license in June 2003. This tutorial has been written based on the Spring Framework Version 4.1.6 released in March 2015.AudienceThis tutorial is designed for Java Programmers with a need to understand the Spring Web Services Framework in detail along with its architecture and actual usage. This tutorial will bring the readers to the intermediate level of expertise and from there they can take themselves to a higher level of proficiency.PrerequisitesBefore proceeding with this tutorial, you should have a good understanding of Java Programming Language. Additionally, understanding of the Eclipse IDE (Integrated Development Environment) is also required because all the examples have been compiled using the Eclipse IDE.Copyright and DisclaimerCopyright 2017 by Tutorials Point (I) Pvt. Ltd.All the content and graphics published in this e-book are the property of Tutorials Point (I) Pvt. Ltd. The user of this e-book is prohibited to reuse, retain, copy, distribute or republish any contents or a part of contents of this e-book in any manner without written consent of the publisher.We strive to update the contents of our website and tutorials as timely and as precisely as possible, however, the contents may contain inaccuracies or errors. Tutorials Point (I) Pvt. Ltd. provides no guarantee regarding the accuracy, timeliness or completeness of our website or its contents including this tutorial. If you discover any errors on our website or in this tutorial, please notify us at **************************T able of ContentsAbout the Tutorial (i)Audience (i)Prerequisites (i)Copyright and Disclaimer (i)Table of Contents (ii)1.Spring WS – Overview (1)2.Spring WS – Environment Setup (3)System Requirements (3)3.Spring WS – First Application (11)Contract-first Approach (11)Create the Project (12)Build the Project (19)Run the Project (20)4.Spring WS – Static WSDL (22)Run the Project (23)5.Spring WS – Writing Server (25)Create the Project (26)Create Domain Classes (28)Build the Project (32)Run the Project (34)6.Spring WS – Unit Test Server (36)Build the Project (40)7.Spring Web Services – Writing Client (43)8.Spring WS – Unit Test Client (45)Unit Test Web Service Client (46)Spring Web Services1.Spring Web Services (Spring-WS) is one of the projects developed by the Spring Community. Its prime focus is to create document-driven Web Services. The Spring Web Services project facilitates contract-first SOAP Service Development, provides multiple ways to create flexible web services, which can manipulate XML payloads in multiple ways. The Spring web services uses Spring concepts like dependency injection and configurations seamlessly. The Spring-WS requires Spring 3.0 Version. With contract-first development, we start with WSDL Contract and then will use JAVA to implement the required contract. As opposed to the contract-last approach where JAVA interfaces generate WSDL/XSD contract. The WSDL based contract remains independent of JAVA implementation in the contract-first approach. In case we require changing the JAVA interfaces, then there is no need to communicate the changes made in the existing WSDL contract to the web services users. Spring-WS aims to provide loose coupling between the WSDL contract and its JAVA based implementation.FeaturesFollowing are the features of Spring Web Services:∙XML Mapping to Objects–XML based requests can be mapped to any object using the information stored in the Message Payload, SOAP Action Header or by using an XPath Expression.∙Multiple API Support to parse XML– Apart from the standard JAXP APIs (DOM, SAX, StAX) to parse the incoming XML requests, other libraries like JDOM, dom4j, XOM are also supported.∙Multiple API Support to marshal XML – Spring Web Services supports JAXB 1 and 2, Castor, XMLBeans, JiBX, and XStream libraries using its Object/XML Mapping module. The Object/XML Mapping module can also be used in non-web services code as well.∙Spring based configurations– Spring Web Services uses the Spring Application Contexts for its configurations having a similar architecture as that of the Spring Web MVC.∙Integrated WS-Security module– Using the WS-Security module, you can Sign, Encrypt, Decrypt SOAP Messages or Authenticate them.∙Support for Acegi Security –Using the WS-Security implementation of Spring Web Services, Acegi configuration can be used for your SOAP services.ArchitectureThe Spring-WS project consists of five major modules, which are explained below.∙Spring-WS Core– It is the primary module and provides the Central Interfaces like WebServiceMessage and SoapMessage, the server-side framework,Spring Web Services powerful message dispatching capability and support classes to implement Web service endpoints. It also provides Web Service consumer client as WebServiceTemplate.∙Spring-WS Support– This module provides supports for JMS, emails, etc.∙Spring-WS Security–This module is responsible to provide WS-Security implementation integrated with core Web Service Module. Using this module, we can add principal tokens, sign, encrypt and decrypt SOAP messages. This module allows using the existing Spring Security Implementation for authentication and authorization.∙Spring XML– This module provides XML support classes for Spring Web Services.This module is internally used by Spring-WS framework.∙Spring OXM– This module provides support classes for XML vs Object Mapping.Spring Web Services In this Chapter, we will understand the process of setting up Spring-WS on Windows and Linux based systems. The Spring-WS can be easily installed and integrated with your current Java environment and MAVEN by following a few simple steps without any complex setup procedures. User administration is required while installation. System RequirementsThe following table lists out the system requirements, while the subsequent steps will guide us through the environment setup procedure.Let us now proceed with the steps to install Spring-WS.Step1 – Verify the Java InstallationTo begin with, you need to have Java Software Development Kit (SDK) installed on your system. To verify this, execute any of the following two commands depending on the platform you are working on.If the Java installation has been done properly, then it will display the current version and specification of your Java installation. A sample output is given in the following table. 2.∙We assume the readers of this tutorial have Java SDK version 1.7.0_60 installed on their system.∙In case you do not have Java SDK, download its current version from –/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index.html and have it installed.Step 2: Set your Java EnvironmentSet the environment variable JAVA_HOME to point to the base directory location where Java is installed on your machine.For example:Append the full path of Java compiler location to the System Path.Execute the command java -version from the command prompt as explained above. Step 3: Download Maven archiveDownload Maven 3.3.3 from –/download.cgiStep 4: Extract the Maven archiveExtract the archive, to the directory you wish to install Maven 3.3.3. The subdirectory apache-maven-3.3.3 will be created from the archive.Step 5: Set Maven environment variablesAdd M2_HOME, M2 and MAVEN_OPTS to the environment variables.Step 6: Add Maven bin directory location to the system pathNow append M2 variable to the System Path.Step 7: Verify Maven installationNow open the console, execute the following mvn command.Finally, verify the output of the above commands, which should be something as shown below:Step 8 - Setup Eclipse IDEAll the examples in this tutorial have been written using the Eclipse IDE. It is recommended that the readers should have the latest version of Eclipse installed on their machine. To install the Eclipse IDE, download the latest Eclipse binaries from the following link –/downloads/. Once the installation isdownloaded, unpack the binary distribution into a convenient location.For example in C:\eclipse on windows, or /usr/local/eclipse on Linux/Unix and finally set the PATH variable appropriately.Eclipse can be started by executing the following commands on the windows machine, or you can simply double click on eclipse.exe. Eclipse can be started by executing the following commands on the UNIX (Solaris, Linux, etc.) machine:After a successful startup, if everything is fine then it should display the following screen:Step 9: Setup Apache TomcatWe can download the latest version of Tomcat from –/. Once the installation is downloaded, unpack the binary distribution into a convenient location. For example in the C:\apache-tomcat-7.0.59on a windows machine, or in the /usr/local/apache-tomcat-7.0.59on a Linux/Unix machine and then set the CATALINA_HOME environment variable pointing to the installation locations.Tomcat can be started by executing the following commands on a windows machine, or you can simply double click on startup.batTomcat can be started by executing the following commands on UNIX (Solaris, Linux, etc.) machine:After a successful startup, the default web applications included with Tomcat will be available by visiting –http://localhost:8080/. If everything is ok, then it should display the following screen:Further information about configuring and running Tomcat can be found in the documentation included here, as well as on the Tomcat website –.Tomcat can be stopped by executing the following commands on a windows machine:Tomcat can be stopped by executing the following commands on the UNIX (Solaris, Linux, etc.) machine:Once we are done with this last step, we are ready to proceed for the first Web Services Example, which we will discuss in the next chapter.End of ebook previewIf you liked what you saw…Buy it from our store @ https://。
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外文翻译-Spring的web-MVC-构架模式-精品2020-12-12【关键字】方案、情况、方法、领域、文件、模式、运行、传统、地方、问题、矛盾、系统、机制、良好、执行、发展、建立、提出、掌握、特点、关键、思想、基础、需要、环境、项目、体系、需求、方式、标准、结构、最大限度、任务、反映、关系、设置、分析、简化、丰富、管理、鼓励、维护、确保、服务、帮助、支持、解决、加快、完善、适应、实现、提高、协调、规范、核心Spring的web MVC 构架模式Juergen Hoeller1.介绍：Spring 应用构架当你第一次看到Spring的时候，你一定会说:"哦不，又一种web 构架".这篇文章将告诉你Spring明显区别于其他轻量级application framework, 它将专注于web的支持，与struts 和 webwork有着明显的区别。
在和struts 和 webwork的对比上,Spring是一个服务于所有层面的application framework:提供了bean的配置基础，AOP的支持，JDBC的提取框架，抽象事务支持，等等。
它有一个非常显著的特点：在某个层面上如果你不需要Spring的支持，你就可以不使用String的class，只使用它的某一部分的功能。
从它的设计理念，你可以看到String 帮助你实现了真正的逻辑层和web层的分离：例如。
一个校验应用将不用依靠controllers，就可以实现。
这样的目标是更好的重用和易测：过分依靠不必要的容器和框架将不能实现这一点。
当然,Spring 的自己的web支持和通常框架模式的细致完整.然而，Spring 替换struts,webwork或者其他的web方案非常的容易.对于Spring的web支持或者不同的地方，Spring 允许你在web容器里面建立一个中间层，在测试环境或者标准独立的应用里面来设置重用你的商务逻辑.还有在J2EE环境里面，你的商务逻辑不必依靠容器提供的服务，像JTA ,EJB的支持.良好的构架的web应用可以运行在任何容器上，如，Tomcat 或者 Resin. 值得注意的是，Spring 不是和已经存在的解决方案进行竞争. 我们鼓励结合标准的技术，如， Servlet, JSP, JTA, JNDI, JDBC, and JDO, 和非常匹配的工具，如，Hibernate, Velocity, Log4J, and Caucho's Hessian/Burlap.这个框架的的设计思想是在你的应用需要改良的时候，你将会做一些技术的选择:例如,如果你需要分布式事务处理，你可能需要用Spring的Jta TransactionManager 来实现JTA服务.或者，用DataSourceTransactionManager or HibernateTransactionManager 来实现美妙完美的单个数据库交换。
2. Web MVC:Spring web 框架的设计思想Spring 框架通过配置操作mappings,展示resolution,本地化和模版集成围绕着分派请求操作的servlet - DispatcherServlet设计的.缺省的操作是一个非常简单的控制接口, 他只提供了ModelAndViewhandleRequest(request,response)方法.这将用于一个应用的控制,但是,如果你想包含多个层次的控制，AbstractController, AbstractCommandController, MultiActionController, SimpleFormController, AbstractWizardFormController 将帮助你完成.应用控制将代表那些子系统.注意，你可以选择一个适当的基类:如果你没有 web form,你就不必用FormController.这就是和Struts最大的不同. 你可以通过命令或者form对象来操作任何对象:这不需要接口工具或者一个基础类的驱动.Spring的数据邦定是非常的灵活的.举例来说,它描述了具有在应用范围内的校验错误的输入机制,但不是系统错误.所以在你的form对象里面你不必复制你的业务对象的string 属性,只操作出错的子任务,或者适当地转换string.换句话说,它通常可以很好的直接邦定你的业务对象. 这也是和struts围绕请求基础类Action 和ActionForm (每个action操作类型) 建立主要的不同之一. 对比WebWork,Sping更多的区别在于对象角色:Sping支持控制器的感念,一个操作命令或者form对象,和得到数据传递给视图的模式.这个模式通常包含命令和form 对象,但有时也包含任意的参考数据.换句话说,一个WebWork Action联合所有这些角色到一个单独的对象.WebWork 允许你用已经存在的业务对象作为你 form 的一部分,但是只生成各自Action 的 bean 属性. 最后,操作请求的Action 实例在一个视图里面获得付值和form population. 然而,参考数据也需要作为Action 的属性被模拟. 一个类里面有太多的角色是值得讨论的. 关于视图:Spring的视图方案非常的灵活. 一个控制器执行可以通过response 返回ModelAndView对象null,就可以直接写到一个视图.在通常的状况下,一个ModelAndView实例结合了一个view 和一个 model Map,包含了bean name 和通讯对象(像命令或者form,参考数据等等). View名称是非常高端的的配置，不是通过bean name, 一个properties 文件就是通过你自己的ViewResolver.这个抽象的model Map 允许你在视图层面完成提取,没有任何的争辩JSP/Velocity 或者其他,每一种都可以直接完整使用.这个model Map 还可以简单得得到适当的格式化数据的转换,像JSP 请求属性或者Velocity 模版模式.3.集成:用Spring一个不同web 框架许多开发团队将为他们已有的项目或者新的项目已经获得的期限和工具进行投资.这里没有像Struts那样大量的图书和工具，但是同样我们有大量的拥有Spring开发技巧的开发人员.然而,如果你愿意生活在Struts的构架瑕疵中的话，他将是你在web层开发不错的选择.当然，其他应用也是一样. 如果你不想用Spring的 web MVC ，但是想借用Spring嫁接其他的解决方案,你可以非常简单地通过Spring 继承你自己的web 框架.你可以非常简单地通过ContextLoaderListener 启动一个Spring root application context, 并且,通过Struts 或者WebWork 的action 利用ServletContext 属性(或者Spring 的helper方法)存取它. 值得注意的是, 这里没有任何的 "plugins"被调用,因此没有专门的集成:来自web层的视图, 你可以简单的将Spring作为一个管理application context 实例入口点的类库. 所有你注册bean和Spring服务都可以在不需要Spring的web MVC的情况下都可以被你轻松掌握.Spring 不是和Struts ,WebWork这些应用进行竞争,它将作为一个纯web框架应用于很多领域,因为它不需要配置数据存储和事务操作.所以,你可以利用Spring提供的中间层和数据存储层来丰富你的应用,甚至,你想用JDBC或者Hibernate进行事务抽象.4.特点核对列表如果聚焦于web 支持,Spring的一些显著特点是: 清楚地角色分离:controller , validator , command object , form object , model object,和 DispatcherServlet , handler mapping vs view resolver, 等等强大而且直接的框架和作为JavaBeans的应用配置,包括简单的参照和应用内容,例如,从web控制器到业务对象和数据校验. 适应性,外挂:无论什么样的控制器你都需要得到代替Action/ActionForm所做的每件事情的方案(简单,命令,form,范例,多重action,或者定制一个) 重用业务逻辑代码,不需要复制:你可以用已经有的业务逻辑对象作为命令或则form对象代替反射特定的ActionForm子类. 可订制的邦定和数据校验:作为应用级的输入机制的错误校验,固定日期和数字邦定,例如,通过手动检查和转换业务对象来替换单个的string。
可订制的操作,可订制的视图方案:通过name/value Map灵活的模型传送,用一个简单的方法从简单到复杂操作映射和视图方案策略.本地定制和主题方案:Spring没有taglib,完全支持于JSPs，JSTL,不需要额外的连接就可以支持Velocity,等等. 简单但是强大的tag library避免了HTML产生的混乱,最大限度的灵活扩展了标记代码.翻译文稿2、一种基于Hibernate和Struts的J2EE应用开发策略本文分析了Hibernate和Struts的机制，提出了一种基于Hibernate和Struts 的J2EE应用开发策略。
在这种策略中，模型层用Hibernate实现，视图和控制器则用Struts框架实现。
这样可大大降低代码的耦合性以及提高系统的开发效率。
关键字 Hibernate，Struts，MVC，持久层1 引言随着Java技术的逐渐成熟与完善，作为建立企业级应用的标准平台，J2EE 平台得到了长足的发展。
借助于J2EE规范中包含的多项技术：Enterprise JavaBean(EJB)、Java Servlets(Servlet)、Java Server Pages(JSP)、Java Message Service(JMS)等，开发出了许多应用系统。
但是，在传统J2EE应用的开发过程中也出现了一些问题：1）数据模型和逻辑模型之间的矛盾。
目前使用的数据库基本上都是关系型数据库，而Java本质上是一种面向对象的语言，对象在存储和读取时使用SQL和JDBC进行数据库操作，降低了编程的效率以及系统的可维护性；2）传统的J2EE应用多采用基于EJB的重量级框架，这种框架适合于开发大型企业应用，但是使用EJB容器进行开发和调试需要耗费大量时间。