高考英语语法精讲精练专题一名词
英语语法知识串讲专题一:名词
高中英语语法总结大全之名词名词概论名词可以分为专有名词(Proper Nouns)和普通名词(Common Nouns),专有名词是某个(些)人,地方,机构等专有的名称,如Beijing,China等。
普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词,如:book,sadness等。
普通名词又可分为下面四类:1)个体名词(Individual Nouns):表示某类人或东西中的个体,如:gun。
2)集体名词(Collective Nouns):表示若干个个体组成的集合体,如:family。
3)物质名词(Material Nouns):表示无法分为个体的实物,如:air。
4)抽象名词(Abstract Nouns):表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念,如:work。
个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算,称为可数名词(Countable Nouns),物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算,称为不可数名词(Uncountable Nouns)。
归纳一下,名词的分类可以下图表示:名词复数的规则变化其它名词复数的规则变化1) 以y结尾的专有名词,或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时,直接加s变复数:如:two Marys the Henrysmonkey---monkeysholiday---holidays比较:层楼:storey ---storeys story---stories2) 以o 结尾的名词,变复数时:a. 加s,如:photo---photos piano---pianosradio---radios zoo---zoos;b. 加es,如:potato—potatoes tomato—tomatoesc. 均可,如:zero---zeros / zeroes3) 以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时:a. 加s,如:belief---beliefs roof---roofssafe---safes gulf---gulfs;b. 去f,fe 加ves,如:half---halvesknife---knives leaf---leaves wolf---wolveswife---wives life---lives thief---thieves;c. 均可,如:handkerchief:handkerchiefs / handkerchieves名词复数的不规则变化1)child---children foot---feet tooth---teethmouse---mice man---men woman---women注意:与man 和woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是-men 和-women。
高考英语 热点题型和提分秘籍 专题01 名词(含解析)-人教版高三全册英语试题
专题01 名词【高频考点解读】名词是高考每年必考的语法项目。
近三年的考查要点主要集中在名词辨析上,特别是抽象名词的辨析。
不仅是单项填空,而且完形填空中也大量出现。
其他常考的语法点还有:①抽象名词具体化;②专有名词普通化;③与冠词的连用;④固定搭配。
【热点题型】题型一抽象名词具体化例1、It’s a good feeling for people to admire the Shanghai World Expo that gives them pleasure.某某世博会给人们带来了快乐,欣赏世博会是一种美好的感受。
His new book was a great success.他的新书获得了巨大成功。
【提分秘籍】1.抽象名词具体化具有某种特性、状态、特点、情感、情绪的人或事,具体指特定的某一件事时,这一抽象名词可作为可数名词。
(1)difficulty困难;a difficulty一件难事(2)experience经验;an experience一次经历(3)failure失败;a failure一位失败者,一件失败的事(4)knowledge知识;a good knowledge丰富的知识(5)success成功;a success一位成功者,一件成功的事(6)surprise惊奇;a surprise一件令人吃惊的事(7)honour荣誉;an honour一位/件带来荣誉的人或事2.有些物质名词可转化为可数名词—Would you like some coffee?—I would like a coffee and two beers.——你想喝点咖啡吗?——我想要一杯咖啡和两杯啤酒。
【举一反三】例2、Being able to afford ________ drink would be ________ comfort in those tough times.A.the;theB.a;aC.a;/ D./;a【解析】选B。
高考英语语法专题精讲精练-名词性从句
语法专题二:名词性从句1. 名词性从句的基本概念:1) 主语从句:在句中充当主语;亦可用it作形式主语,主语从句置于句末。
2) 宾语从句:在句中充当及物动词或介词的宾语;亦可用it作形式宾语,宾语从句置于句末。
3) 表语从句:在句中充当系动词的表语。
4) 同位语从句:常置于fact, idea, news, promise, doubt, suggestion, possibility, belief等表示有内容的名词后,起解释、说明作用。
2. 注意:1) 名词性从句要用陈述句语序。
2) 名词性从句中缺少主语、表语、宾语时:常用what 导,亦可用which表示选择,用who/whom/whoever指人。
缺少状语:用where(表地点), when(表时间), how(表方式), why(表原因)。
3) 如不缺成份:主语从句、同位语从句用that引导,不能省略;表从、单个动词宾从可省略引导词that;介词宾从、第二个宾从,引导词that一般不省略;it作形式主语或宾语时,引导实际主从或宾从,一般that不省略;当主从、宾从本身为复合句时,引导词that不省略。
如:He told us sadly that what he had done secretly was dis covered by his parents.4) 含宾从的复合句中,主句和从句的时态保持一致,但如果从句中表示是客观现象,虽然主句是过去时态,从句仍用一般现在时。
5) 主语从句做主语,谓语动词用单数;如果由and 连接两个或两个以上的主语从句做主语时,谓语动词用复数;由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句,谓语动词用单数。
6) 当主句是I/We think(或suppose, expect, believe, imagine, guess)时,其后的宾语从句如果是否定的,常常把否定词not从从句中移到主句中。
7) 只能用whether,不能用if表示“是否”的情况如下:(1) 在表语从句和同位语从句中;(2) 在主语从句中,如果用it做形式主语,whether和if都能引导主语从句,否则,只能用whether(3) 在介词之后;(4) 后面直接跟动词不定式;(5) 与or not连用;(6) 引导让步状语从句,只能用whether。
高考英语一轮复习语法专项讲解--名词
高考英语一轮复习语法专项讲解--名词高考英语语法专项讲解--名词考点清单一名词的数一、可数名词复数的规则变化1.一般情况下,词尾直接加-s,如:students, teachers,trees。
2.以-s,-x,-ch,-sh结尾的,加-es,如: boxes , watches, glasses.注意:stomach的复数为stomachs。
3.①以"辅音字母+y"结尾的,变y为i加-es.如stroies.countries.①以“元音字母+y"结尾的,加-s。
如:boys,toys.4.①以-f或-fe结尾的,大都变f或fe为v加-es。
如: selves, lives, thieves, wives, knives, leaves,shelves, wolves, halves。
巧记:为了自己活命,小偷和他的妻子手里拿着刀子和树叶站在架子上,把狼劈成两半。
①少数加-s。
如: beliefs, proofs, chiefs,roofs.5.①以-o结尾的,一般加-s。
如:radios, videos ,zoos,tobaccos.①以下名词加-es(一般有生命的物体加-es) : Negroes, heroes,potatoes, tomatoes.巧记:黑人英雄爱吃土豆和西红柿。
6.合成词变复数,一般将主体名词变复数,无主体名词时,最后一部分变复数。
如: sons-in-law,passers-by, storyteller,grown-ups,lookers-on。
[练全题点1]单句语法填空1. In this article,you need to back up general_______(state)with specific examples.2.A year ago, when I was awaiting to hear the results of my college ________(apply) ,I often went to websites for some type of insider look on what college would be like.3. He had_______(dish) in this restaurant.4. We have four_________(class) every morning and there're two________(box) on the platform.5. There're two_______(loaf) of bread and two________(knife) on the table.6.I took several_________(photo) of the beautiful scenery with these_________(boy).7. There are three_________(path) leading to my village. And there are many _______( bamboo)around it.8. The ant has two_________(stomach).9. A great many________(roof) were damaged by the storm.10. These___________(chief) have different________(proof).语法轻巧记忆巧记:-f结尾的名词直接加-s变复数有些以-f结尾的名词在由单数变为复数时,是直接在词尾加上-s。
高考英语语法必考考点1名词含解析
2019 年高考英语语法必考考点( 1):名词含分析【考点解读】研究最近几年来高考题我们不难看出,名词部分主要观察名词的词义辨析和习惯搭配、名词的数( 可数与不行数、单数与复数 ) 、名词的所有格、抽象名词的详细化、物质名词的量化、词性变换、名词和冠词的搭配以及主谓一致等。
在高考试题中,名词常联合其余项目一同观察,观察题型以短文改错、完形填空、语篇中的名词词义理解、单项选择、及写作部分等。
对名词的观察一般放在名词词义辨析(特别是同义词和近义词的辨析)、名词的习习用法、一词多义、抽象名词详细化、词性变换、名词动用等方面。
1、对同义词、近义词的观察如: At the meeting they discussed three different _______ to the study of mathematics.A. approachesB. meansC. methodsD. ways【答案】 D。
【分析】在会议上他们议论了三种不一样的学习数学的方法。
way 意为“方式,方法”,可指详细的方法,也可指抽象的方法,多指一般的思想、行动、做事的方法,也可指个人特别的方式、方法。
approach意为“接近,凑近,方式,方法”,指凑近某人或某事,也可指对待或办理事情的方式或方法。
mean意为“方式,方法”,用于抽象意义,可指为达到某一目的而采纳的方法、计划、政策、策略等,尤指整套方法; 用于详细意义,常指为达到某一目的所使用的工具、资料、机器、器具、车船等。
method 意为“方式,方法”,指详细的、系统的、有步骤的方法,重申条理性及高效率。
【点睛】面对英语学习中的大批近义词,仅凭母语我们常常没法把它们真实理解和解说清楚。
要尽可能地多翻阅英语字典,注意并比较它们的基本意,用英语的思想方式和语言来解说和理解它们。
2、对相像词的观察如: Always read the _______ on the bottle carefully and take the right amount of medicine.A. explanationsB. instructionsC. descriptionsD. introductions【答案】 B。
英语语法系列复习专题一-----名词
英语语法系列复习专题一-----名词名词的分类专有名词:指某人,某地,某机构等专有的名称,其首字母要大写。
如HongKong,China,Bill Clinton,Red Cross个体名词:表示某类人或东西中的个体,如 student,book名普可数名词词通集体名词:表示若干个体组成的集合体,如:family,school,group, people 名词不可数名词物质名词:表示无法分为个体的实物,如:cotton,air,tea抽象名词:表示抽象概念,如:work,happiness,news 2.名词的复数可数名词有单、复数形式,其复数的构成规则如下:1)绝大多数在词尾加s。
如:book,books;bag,bags;cup,cups;face,faces.2)以ch,sh,s,x,o结尾的名词加es。
如:watch,watches;brush,brushes;hero,heroes;class,classes;下列以o结尾的词加s构成复数:piano , photo ,radio ,zoo, bamboo ,kilo 3)以辅音字母+y结尾的名词,将y改为i,再加es。
例如:baby,babies;family,families;以元音字母+y结尾的名词,直接加s。
例如:boy,boys;key,keys4)以f或fe结尾的名词,先将f或fe改为v,再加es构成复数形式,如:leaf,leaves;wife,wives.但有些以f结尾的名词,是在f后加s构成复数,常见的有:roof,chief,belief,gulf等。
个别的两种方式都可以,如:handkerchief,’s,handkerchieves 5)少数名词的复数形式是不规则的,要一一背记:man→men; woman→women; Englishman→Englishmen;foot→feet;tooth→teeth; child→children; mouse→mice少数名词的单、复数形式相同,如:Chinese,Japanese,sheep,deer,fish,means(注:fishes表不同种类的鱼)6)复合名词:A.含man或woman的复合名词,两部分都变为复数形式。
2023高考英语复习:语法专题1 名词和冠词
核心考点
-13-
高考感悟
考点归纳
一二三四五六
二、不可数名词 1.不可数名词没有单复数之分,它包括抽象名词、物质名词和专 有名词。例如:fun,advice,weather,progress,information,bread,butter, baggage,clothing,equipment,furniture,homework,juice,luggage,luck, music,milk,meat,production,permission,rice,soup,wealth,health, English,America 等。 Wealth starts with a goal and saving a dollar at a time. 财富始于一个目标,要一美元一美元地积攒。
示“人群”。
14.(2017·全国Ⅱ,语篇填空)This included building a strong roof over
top.
the 这里特指地铁的顶部。意思是在地铁的顶部建了一个坚固的
顶棚。
核心考点
-7-
高考感悟
考点归纳
15.(2017·全国Ⅲ,语篇填空)Instead,she is earning £6,500 a day as model in New York.
causes cause是可数名词,根据前面的修饰语all可知,该名词要用复
数形式。
核心考点
-5-
高考感悟
考点归纳
9.(2018·全国Ⅱ,语篇填空)This switch has decreased
(pollute)
in the country’s major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water
专题01 名词、冠词-2022年高考英语语法易错点快速突破(解析版)
专题01 名词冠词一真题感悟1.(2021高考全国甲卷)It allows the traveler to become educated about the areas--both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provide money for conservation and benefits the ____(develop) of the local areas.【答案】development【解析】考查词性转换。
动词变为名词。
前面是the,后面是介词of,中间应当使用名词形式。
2.(2021高考全国乙卷)_____(activity) there range from whale watching to hiking and accommodations aim ______(have) a low impact on the natural environment.【答案】Activities【解析】考查名词单复数。
根据下文range from whale watching to hiking...可知活动不止一个,需用复数形式。
3.(2020高考全国卷I)The far side of the moon is of particular______( interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters(环形山),more so than the familiar near side.【答案】interest【解析】考查词性转换中的名词。
be of+抽象名词,且设空前为形容词particular故此处需要名词interest。
4. (2020高考全国卷II) Chinese New Year is a______(celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.【答案】celebration【解析】考查词性转换中的名词。
高考必考语法精讲精练 语法专题一 名词
高考必考语法精讲精练语法专题一名词语法专题一:名词名词是英语中非常重要的一类词,也是高考必考内容之一。
《2021年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》附录语法项目表中对名词考查列了四项:①可数名词及其单复数②不可数名词③专有名词④名词所有格。
纵观历年高考试题,试题中出现的考点主要有:可数名词的单复数形式、名词的所有格的构成及应用、不可数名词的辨认、名词的功能、名词辨义、名词与其他词类之间的转换等。
2015年高考全国卷Ⅰ第65题(语法填空)考查的是可数名词单复数,括号里给出painting,结合题意要将其变成paintings;第77题(短文改错)考查的是不可数名词air,原文给出的是airs,要求考生将其改成air。
而在完形填空中,有7题(总共20小题)是考查名词词义以及对语境的理解。
2016年高考全国卷Ⅰ第61题(语法填空)考查的是词性转换,括号里给出的是动词attract,根据题意要将其改成名词attraction;第69题(语法填空)考查的是可数名词单复数,括号里给出day,结合题意要将其变成复数形式days;第74题考查的是词性转换,题目中给的是形容词honest,根据题意需要将其改为名词honesty。
而在完形填空中,有4题(总共20小题)是考查名词词义以及对语境的理解。
2017年高考全国卷Ⅰ第62题(语法填空)考查的是可数名词单复数,括号里给出effect,结合题意要将其变成effects,构成side effects(副作用);第75题(短文改错)考查的是可数名词单复数,原句中给出的是word,结合题意要将其变成words。
而在完形填空中,有5题(总共20小题)是考查名词词义以及对语境的理解。
I. 名词的种类:II. 名词的数:1. 规则可数名词的复数形式:一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。
现将构成方法列表如下:2. 不规则可数名词复数:III. 名词的所有格:名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。
专题02 高考英语考点精讲-名词(完整)
专题02 高考英语考点精讲-名词(完整)一、名词的定义和分类名词,是词类的一种,属于实词。
它表示人、事、物、地点或抽象概念的统一名称。
英语的名词分为专有名词和普通名词两大类。
专有名词是指个人、团体、地方、机构或事物等所专有的名称,它的第一个字母必须大写。
如: Einstain, Beijing, Asia等。
普通名词是指一类人、一类事物、某种物质抽象概念的名称,又可分为:个体名词(可数,如:worker, father, book, tree, school等);集体名词(可数,如:people, family, class, team等);物质名词(不可数,如:iron, paper, snow, water, chalk, gold等);抽象名词(不可数,如:life, thought, idea, strength 等)。
二、名词的双重性(相对论)即名词的类别不是固定不变的,它们会根据词义的变化和场合的不同而相互转换,其名词类别的转换可归纳如下:1. 个体名词转抽象名词或抽象名词转个体名词如:Our school is not far from my home. (个体)我们学校离我家不远。
School is over at six. (抽象)六点钟放学。
2. 物质名词转个体名词或个体名词转物质名词如:He broke a piece of glass. (物质)他打破了一块玻璃。
He broke a glass (个体)他打破了一个杯子。
3. 个体名词转专有名词如:His father is a teacher. (个体)他父亲是个教师“What are you doing there?” Father asked. (专有) “你在那儿干什么?”父亲问道。
三、名词的数名词分为可数(有单、复数形式)和不可数名词(只有单数形式)。
1. 可数名词单数变复数①一般加s:apple—apples pen—pens②以s,x,ch,sh结尾的名词加“-es”:box—boxes,class—classes,watch—watches,dish-dishes③以o结尾的无生命的名词后面加“-s”:photo—photos,radio—radios,zoo—zoos以o结尾的有生命的名词后面加"-es":tomato—tomatoes,potato—potatoes,hero—heroes,negro—negroes④以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i加"-es ":baby—babies,family—families以元音字母加y结尾的名词直接加"-s":boy—boys,toy—toys⑤例外:单复数形式相同:Chinese,Japanese,deer,sheep不规则变化:child—children,foot—feet,tooth—teeth,mouse—mice,man—men,woman—women复合名词的复数形式:editor-in-chief—editors-in-chief,daughter-in-law—daughter-in-law,grown-up—grown-ups,woman teacher—women teachers,man driver- men drivers2. 需要注意的几个单复数问题①物质名词一般不用复数形式,但有些物质名词要用复数形式来表示不同的类别,如:fishes 各种鱼,fruits各种水果,steels各种钢材。
高考英语一轮总复习 语法专题突破 专题一 名词、数词、形容词、副词
8.(2017·浙江卷)Sixteen years earlier (early),Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring to cook a meal.When she wanted to put the ring back on later,it was gone.
may be affordable but doing this most days adds up.There could be an even higher (high) cost on your health.
7.(2017·全国Ⅰ卷)Even worse (bad),the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.
7.(2018·全国Ⅰ卷)Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all __c_au_s_e_s___ (cause). 8.(2018·浙江卷)Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook.Making Chinese dishes (dish) is seen as especially troublesome.
◆名词之间的转换 9.(2018·全国Ⅲ卷)My name is Mireya Mayor.I’m a who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.
超实用高考英语专题复习:专题 01 名词专题(含高考真题)
超实用高考英语专题复习:专题01 名词专题距离高考还有一段时间,不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生,愈是临近高考,能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节,态度是否主动积极,安排是否科学合理,能不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战,其效果往往大不一样。
以下是本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的以下学习资料,希望可以帮助大家提高答题的正确率,希望对你有所帮助,有志者事竟成!养成良好的答题习惯,是决定高考英语成败的决定性因素之一。
做题前,要认真阅读题目要求、题干和选项,并对答案内容作出合理预测;答题时,切忌跟着感觉走,最好按照题目序号来做,不会的或存在疑问的,要做好标记,要善于发现,找到题目的题眼所在,规范答题,书写工整;答题完毕时,要认真检查,查漏补缺,纠正错误。
总之,在最后的复习阶段,学生们不要加大练习量。
在这个时候,学生要尽快找到适合自己的答题方式,最重要的是以平常心去面对考试。
英语最后的复习要树立信心,考试的时候遇到难题要想“别人也难”,遇到容易的则要想“细心审题”。
越到最后,考生越要回归基础,单词最好再梳理一遍,这样有利于提高阅读理解的效率。
另附高考复习方法和考前30天冲刺复习方法。
【课前检测】(5mins)I.单句语法填空1.[2020 全国Ⅱ,70]1.Where is ________(Lucy) sweater? I can't see it.2.[2020全国I,64] The far side of the moon is of particular__________( interesting) to scientists because it hasa lot of deep craters(环形山)...3.[2020全国Ⅱ,61] Chinese New Year is a _________( celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.4.[2020北京,7]Now,lots of__________(country)and regions are taking action to ban the sale of such bags to stop people using them.5.[2020浙江1月,63]A child born in the US today has________ very realistic chance of living beyond 100 and needs to plan accordingly.6.[2019 全国I,66]In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements , leading to a_________( believe) that populations are increasing.7.[2018 浙江11 月,64] One study showed that_______( woman) who drank a lot of coffee, like eight or more cups per day, while they were pregnant were more likely to have children with birth defects.II.单句改错1.I failed to respond to their various question.2.The teachers often encourage us to make more friend in the school.3. She's getting married next month and decides to buy some furnitures.4.She likes shopping at the shoe's shop.5.The two thing that change your life are the people you meet and the books you read.一.定义:名词(Noun,简称n.)是表示人或事物名称的词,它分为普通名词和专有名词两大类。
高考英语语法精讲精练专题 01名词
语法专题一:名词名词是英语中非常重要的一类词,也是高考必考内容之一。
《2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》附录语法项目表中对名词考查列了四项:①可数名词及其单复数②不可数名词③专有名词④名词所有格。
纵观历年高考试题,试题中出现的考点主要有:可数名词的单复数形式、名词的所有格的构成及应用、不可数名词的辨认、名词的功能、名词辨义、名词与其他词类之间的转换等。
2015年高考全国卷Ⅰ第65题(语法填空)考查的是可数名词单复数,括号里给出painting,结合题意要将其变成paintings;第77题(短文改错)考查的是不可数名词air,原文给出的是airs,要求考生将其改成air。
而在完形填空中,有7题(总共20小题)是考查名词词义以及对语境的理解。
2016年高考全国卷Ⅰ第61题(语法填空)考查的是词性转换,括号里给出的是动词attract,根据题意要将其改成名词attraction;第69题(语法填空)考查的是可数名词单复数,括号里给出day,结合题意要将其变成复数形式days;第74题考查的是词性转换,题目中给的是形容词honest,根据题意需要将其改为名词honesty。
而在完形填空中,有4题(总共20小题)是考查名词词义以及对语境的理解。
2017年高考全国卷Ⅰ第62题(语法填空)考查的是可数名词单复数,括号里给出effect,结合题意要将其变成effects,构成side effects(副作用);第75题(短文改错)考查的是可数名词单复数,原句中给出的是word,结合题意要将其变成words。
而在完形填空中,有5题(总共20小题)是考查名词词义以及对语境的理解。
I. 名词的种类:II. 名词的数:1. 规则可数名词的复数形式:一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。
现将构成方法列表如下:III. 名词的所有格:名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。
所有格分三种:一是名词词尾加’s构成,多表示有生命的东西;二是由介词of加名词构成,多表示无生命的东西;三是双重所有格。
专题1 名词
专题一 名词
9.How sweetly she is singing! I love her voice very much. 10.Look at the sign ,please. You can park your car on either side of the street.
专题一 名词
专题一 名词
5.辨析 course 与 subject
辨析
意义及用法
course “课程”,可包括多门科目,后面一般接介词 in。
subject “科目;主题;课题”,指具体的学科。
专题一 名词
如:I'm taking a course in design. 我在上设计课程。 My favorite subject is math. 我最喜欢的学科是数学。
5.Could you please give me some useful advice on how to dance well?
6.How many oranges do you need to make the juice? 7.The Western people like eating food with knives and forks. But Chinese people are used to using chopsticks.
B exercise practice reason training course cause subject 11.Physics is Mike's favorite subject . 12.She is planning to take a computer course . 13.You can't do much in the art line without training . 14.How long do you do exercise every day to keep healthy?
高中高考英语 语法专题演练 名词性从句1高三全册英语试题
时遁市安宁阳光实验学校名词性从句专题演练一1.Modern science has given clear evidence ________ smoking can lead to many diseases.A. whatB. whichC. thatD. where[解析]本题考查同位语从句的引导词。
从句结构完整,并且对 evidence 的内容起到了补充说明的作用,故应用 that 引导该从句。
句意:现代科学提供了明确的证据表明吸烟能导致很多疾病。
[答案]C2.His writing is so confusing that it's difficult to make out________ it is he is trying to express.A. thatB. howC. whoD. what[解析]本题考查名词性从句。
句意:他的书写得这么乱,很难弄明白他想要表达什么。
what 引导宾语从句,并在从句中作表语。
[答案]D3.The villagers have already known ________ we'll do is to rebuild the bridge.A. thisB. thatC. whatD. which[解析]本题考查名词性从句。
句意:村民们已经知道我们将要做的事情是重建桥梁。
know 后面跟宾语从句,从句中缺少 do 的宾语,表示“做……的事”,故用 what 引导宾语从句。
this 不引导从句;that 引导宾语从句时不作成分;which 引导宾语从句时有疑问的意思,意为“哪一个”。
[答案]C4.Before a problem can be solved, it must be obvious ________ the problem itself is.A. whatB. thatC. whichD. why[解析]本题考查名词性从句的引导词。
高中语法的精讲精练
高中语法的精讲精练一、名词名词是指用来表示人、事物、动物、地点等具体或抽象事物的词语。
它可以是单数形式(表示一个)或复数形式(表示多个)。
名词还可以有所有格形式,表示某物属于某人或某物。
1. 单数名词单数名词作为主语时,要和动词保持一致。
例如:The cat eats fish. (猫吃鱼)2. 复数名词复数名词作为主语时,动词要加-s或-es。
例如:The cats play in the garden. (猫们在花园里玩耍)3. 所有格名词所有格名词用来表示某物属于某人或某物。
一般来说,在名词后加上's来表示所有格。
例如:This is Mary's book. (这是玛丽的书)二、形容词形容词是用来描述名词的词语,用于修饰并且增强名词的意义。
形容词通常放在名词的前面。
1. 形容词的比较级形容词的比较级用于比较两个事物之间的差异。
一般在形容词后加-er来表示比较级。
例如:This book is cheaper than that one. (这本书比那本书便宜)2. 形容词的最高级形容词的最高级用于比较三个或三个以上事物之间的差异。
一般在形容词前加the最高级前缀或在形容词后加-est来表示最高级。
例如:She is the tallest girl in the class. (她是班级里最高的女孩)三、动词动词是描述动作或状态的词语,它在句子中可以作为谓语动词或者辅助动词。
动词可以根据时态和语态的不同形式来表达不同的意义。
1. 一般现在时一般现在时用于描述经常性的、普遍的或者表达事实的动作或状态。
一般现在时的肯定句结构为主语+动词原形。
例如:She reads books every day. (她每天都读书)2. 一般过去时一般过去时用于描述过去发生的动作或状态。
一般过去时的肯定句结构为主语+动词过去式。
例如:They played football yesterday. (他们昨天踢足球)3. 一般将来时一般将来时用于描述将来某个时间点会发生的动作或状态。
专题一:名词【2024高分攻略】高考英语二轮专题复习课件
self→selves,wolf→wolves
少数直接加-s
roof→roofs,belief→beliefs
知识链接
单复数同形
Байду номын сангаас
deer, sheep, Chinese, means(方式,方法), series, species
词形变化
man→men, woman→women, child→children,tooth→teeth, foot→feet, mouse→mice
合成名词的复数 将主体名词变为复数:passer-by→passers-by, lookeron→lookers-on 无主体名词时通常在最后一个词后加-s:grown-
up→grown-ups, stand-by→stand-bys
名词前有
man/woman和中心词都要变为复数形式。如:woman
2.考查名词的数(可数与不可数、单数与复数)、名词所有格、抽象 名词的具体化、物质名词的量化、名词和冠词的搭配以及主谓一致等。
3.考查名词的“旧词新意”和“名词动化”现象。这种现象主要以 隐形考查的方式出现在阅读理解和完形填空试题中。
考 情 分 析 分析2021-2023年各地区高考有关名词的考向分布。
35.management管理
考情分析
浙江卷 2021年7月marriage ( marry)动词→名词
2021年1月 person’s( person)名词所有格
16. shopping购物pany 陪伴20.way方法,方式
21.things东西25.stranger陌生 人27.soap肥皂30.gift礼物33.
痛52. deal交易,局面54.meet体 育比赛55.display展示
高考英语必考语法点精讲精练:名词(含高考真题)
Ⅰ
名词(Nouns)
距离高考还有一段时间,不少有经验的老师都会提醒考生,愈是临近高考
,能否咬紧牙关、学会自我调节,态度是否主动积极,安排是否科学合理,能 不能保持良好的心态、以饱满的情绪迎接挑战,其效果往往大不一样。以下是 本人从事10多年教学经验总结出的超实用新高考英语专题复习讲义希望可以帮 助大家提高答题的正确率,希望对你有所帮助,有志者事竟成!
(1)可数名词的复数形式
b)不规则变化 ⑧woman, man作定语 woman, man作定语时,要与被修饰的名词的数一致。 e.g.: a man servant—men servants, a woman do⑨不同国家的人的单复数
名称
总称(谓语用复数)
(1)可数名词的复数形式
b)不规则变化 ① child (children), foot (feet), tooth (teeth), man (men), woman (women), mouse (mice),
goose (geese), Englishman (Englishmen), ox (oxen), phenomenon (phenomena), bacterium – bacteria; criterion -- criteria 标准,尺度;medium--media/mediums媒介 … ②单复数同形:sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese, fish(同一种鱼), means 方法 series系 列 works工厂 species类别,物种
animals such as apes and monkeys.
专题要点:
名词在高考中占有重要地位,从历年的高考中可以看出, 各省市试卷几乎都涉及到对名词的考查。涉及的内容主要有: 抽象名词具体化、名词的可数与不可数问题、名词作定语、 名词所有格、名词词义辨析以及常见名词的固定搭配等。此 外,还涉及很多冠词与名词共同考查的问题。冠词与名词有 三种表现形式:即定冠词与单数可数名词可表示类指;不定 冠词与单数可数名词也可表示类指;零冠词与可数名词的复 数表示类指。
高考英语 名词要点精讲精练
名词要点精讲名词是高考的热点和难点。
从语法和词汇两个方面来考察其用法,在单项选择、完形、改错中都可感知高考中名词的考查点。
一. 名词的分类(重点在于分清可数名词和不可数名词及词类)名词普通名词专有名词可数名词个体名词:t e a c h e r,b集体名词:f a m i l y,t e a m不可数名词物质名词:w a t e r,a抽象名词:h a p p i n es s,s u c c e T o m,C h iT h e U n i t e d二.名词的数:I.可数名词的复数形式1.规则变化说明词尾的加法例词一般情况加-s boots ,houses以s,x ,ch(读作[s][][])结尾加-es watches, brushes(N:stomachs)多数情况下加es(以辅音字母加o结尾)tomatoes, potatoes, heroes以o结尾外来词或缩略词或以oo结尾的词,加sphotos, pianos, zoos以y结尾以辅音字母加结尾,变y为i,加esstories, factories元音字母加y 结尾,直接加s toys, boys变f 或fe 为v,加es knives, wives, leaves 以f或fe结尾直接加s roofs, beliefs, proofs两种方法均可handkerchiefs,handkerchieves2.不规则变化A.改变元音字母:tooth-teeth, goose-geeseB.变词尾:child-children, ox-oxenC.单复数相同:sheep, deer ,fish ,ChineseD.合成词:①sister-in-law复数为sister-in-laws②man doctor复数为men doctors③passer-by 复数为passers-by④Englishman复数为EnglishmenE.只有复数形式的词。
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语法专题一:名词名词是英语中非常重要的一类词,也是高考必考内容之一。
《2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》附录语法项目表中对名词考查列了四项:①可数名词及其单复数②不可数名词③专有名词④名词所有格。
纵观历年高考试题,试题中出现的考点主要有:可数名词的单复数形式、名词的所有格的构成及应用、不可数名词的辨认、名词的功能、名词辨义、名词与其他词类之间的转换等。
2015年高考全国卷Ⅰ第65题(语法填空)考查的是可数名词单复数,括号里给出painting,结合题意要将其变成paintings;第77题(短文改错)考查的是不可数名词air,原文给出的是airs,要求考生将其改成air。
而在完形填空中,有7题(总共20小题)是考查名词词义以及对语境的理解。
2016年高考全国卷Ⅰ第61题(语法填空)考查的是词性转换,括号里给出的是动词attract,根据题意要将其改成名词attraction;第69题(语法填空)考查的是可数名词单复数,括号里给出day,结合题意要将其变成复数形式days;第74题考查的是词性转换,题目中给的是形容词honest,根据题意需要将其改为名词honesty。
而在完形填空中,有4题(总共20小题)是考查名词词义以及对语境的理解。
2017年高考全国卷Ⅰ第62题(语法填空)考查的是可数名词单复数,括号里给出effect,结合题意要将其变成effects,构成side effects(副作用);第75题(短文改错)考查的是可数名词单复数,原句中给出的是word,结合题意要将其变成words。
而在完形填空中,有5题(总共20小题)是考查名词词义以及对语境的理解。
I. 名词的种类:II. 名词的数:1. 规则可数名词的复数形式:一般在单数形式后面加-s或-es。
现将构成方法列表如下:2. 不规则可数名词复数:名词在句中表示所有关系的语法形式叫做名词所有格。
所有格分三种:一是名词词尾加’s构成,多表示有生命的东西;二是由介词of加名词构成,多表示无生命的东西;三是双重所有格。
1. ’s所有格的构成:2. ’s所有格的用法:of所有格是以"of+名词"构成的一种词组形式,主要用于表示无生命东西的名词,表示所有关系。
如:the workshop of the factory 工厂的车间 the door of the room 房间的门the legs of the chair 椅子腿 the cover of the book这本书的封面表示有生命东西的名词,也可用of所有格表示所有关系,或者表示主谓关系、动宾关系或事物的来源等。
如: the death of Stalin 斯大林的逝世 the arrival of the chairman 主席的到来 the laws of Newton 牛顿定律4.双重所有格:'s所有格有时可以和of所有格结合在一起表示所有关系,这叫做"双重所有格"。
双重所有格的形式为:1)of十名词所有格:a friend of my brother's.我弟弟的一位朋友;a new design of Mr. Brown's.布朗先生的一项新设计2)of+名词性物主代词:a friend of mine我的一位朋友;a necklace of yours你的一条项链IV. 名词的修饰语可数名词和不可数名词各有其不同的修饰语,详见下表:注意:some在表示 "某一",any在表示"任何"时也可修饰可数名词单数。
this和that只能修饰可数名词单数和不可数名词,last,next,the other和序数词只能修饰可数名词单数和复数。
★★★★★ 短文改错中常考的不可数名词有: water,advice,air,work,time,homework,bread,milk,fun,information,progress,practice,weather,news,wealth,voice,room(空间), knowledge等。
V.高考英语短文改错及语法填空考点分析及训练·名词考点规律分析:短文改错的名词考点主要涉及名词的单复数问题,即在该用复数的地方误用其单数,或在该用单数的地方误用其复数。
此外,还常考名词的所有格、名词与其他词类之间的转换等。
语法填空主要考查名词的单复数以及名词与其他词类之间的转换。
名词单句改错之真题训练:1. We stopped to rest for a while and to drink some waters from a stream.2.We climb everywhere, not only in America. We have been to Europe many time.3.There are branch library in many villages.4.I hope that you two could come and visit us some times soon.5.Today I visited the Smiths —my first time visit to an American family.6. They were eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of question.7. We study quite a few subject, such as maths, Chinese, English and physics.8. …and often watch football match on TV together.9.Happy birthday, Peter, and many happy return of the day!10. She said that she and my schoolmate all wished me success.11. I used to love science class — all of them— biology, chemistry, geography, physics.12. They did not want me to do any work at family.13. …so that I’ll get good marks in all my subject.14.On the way up I was busy taking picture since the scenery was so beautiful.15. No one worries much about the radio program young people listen to.16. Their word were a great encouragement to me.17. You know, that was a dinner we had waited for several month.”18. …but after class we become stranger at once.19. You can find all kinds of information in just a few minute on the Internet.20. Nowadays millions of people of all age take pleas ure in a hobby…21. She was doing her homeworks one Sunday morning when…22. Without enough knowledges, you can never teach well.23..The airs we breathe is getting dirtier and dirtier.名词单句改错之模拟训练:1. Women live longer than men in most country.2. The film is very interesting. I have seen it many time.3. It’s said that all the ticket have been sold out.4. The children spend a lot of times watching TV.5. I met a lot of interesting peoples on holiday.6. The flower in the park were all pleasing.7. As the day went by, she became less anxious.8. Computer are becoming more and more popular in the country.9. It’s one of the most interesting book that I’ve ever read.10. He made his first time visit to China when he was 18.11.Hearing the news, the woman burst into tear.12. He hasn’t lived here long, but he has a great many friend here.13. I was afraid she would have left for family when I got there.14. He’s getting married next month a nd decides to buy some furnitures.15. There’s a paper’s factory near our school.名词单句改错之提升训练:A级1. From then on, we became good friend and often played together.2. Both Marx and Engels were Germen.3.Did you take their advices yesterday?4. Most of them are woman doctors.5.We can have funs at the seaside this weekend.6. There are four baskets of apple in that room.7. This computer cost me eight thousands yuan.8. Tom looks happy today. He’s got many good news from here.9. This hat of my father is rather old.10.He made many mistake in the exam because of carelessness.11.I went to a nearby food store to buy some breads this morning.12.I am eighteen year old now.13.I have caring teachers and friendly classmate in my class.14.As student,I will study hard and try to pass the exam.15.Nowadays,we can get many information on the internet.B级1. Will you please make a room for the lady outside?2. The number of the students in our school are increasing.3. She has made some progresses in English.4. His work is better than anyone else.5. We've missed the last bus. I'm afraid we have no choices but to take a taxi.6. He dropped the coffee's cup and broke it.7. He gained his wealths by printing works of famous writers.8. My brother has had one of his tooth taken out.9. You'll find this map of great valuable in helping you to get round London.10.What a beautiful weather we are having recently!11.Tables are made of woods.12.It’s impossible for so few workers to do so many work in a single day.13.Wh at happened to your voices?Why couldn’t we hear you?14.What a lot of works I have to finish today!15.At meal times,some customer have to wait outside the restaurant.16.As a writer,he is success because he has written many great works.名词单句语法填空之真题训练:1.Chengdu has dozens of new millionaires, Asia’s biggest building, and fancy new hotels.But for tourists like me, pandas are its top______________(attract).2.The nursery team switches him every few ______________(day) with his sister.3.Handle the most impo rtant tasks first so you’ll feel a real sense of ______________(achieve).4.Recent_____________(study) show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly.5.Visiting an apple event is a good chance to see, and often taste, a wide variety of ______________(apple).6.Although these ______________(measure) are not effective forever, they are vital for now.7.The college years are supposed to be a time for important______________(grow) in autonomy (自主性) and the development of adult identity.8.The ______________(life) of these people have finally been recorded thanks to the effects of a Frenchman from Paris called Gin.9.The weather ______________(effect) both good and bad, are felt in many places.10.Some schools will have to make ___________(adjust) in agreement with the national soccer reform.11.—Go and say sorry to your Mom, Dave.— I'd like to, but I'm afraid she won't be happy with my ______________(apologize).12.One of the most effective ways to reduce ________(stressful) is to talk about feelings with someone you trust.13.When he was running after his brother, the boy lost his ______________(balanced) and had a bad fall.14.There is no need to tell me your answer now.Give it some______________(think) and then let me know.15.—Why not buy a secondhand car first if you don't have enough money for a new one?—That's a good _______________(suggest).16.Her ______________(motivate) for writing was a desire for women to get the right to higher education. 名词单句语法填空之模拟训练:1.Ants are gathering in their winter food in the middle of summer and make ______________(prepare) for the long cold winter.2.With great ______________ (satisfy),he soon fell asleep.3.It's still a useful and pleasant form of _____________ (communicate).4.I had no ____________(choose) but to prepare for it, though.5.The students with hobbies left school with many extra_____________(skill).6.On the other hand, chopsticks reflect _____________(gentle) and kindness.7.So are most of the ___________(express) made with the word hot.8.Actually we can encourage ourselves to work efficiently, full of ______________(determine).9.I named them “cookies” because I always feel that children can bring great happiness and ______________(excite) to my life.10.The ________ (change) are gradual and require a lot of efforts and work,like cleaning up a polluted river.学习札记:___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________参考答案及解析语法专题一:名词名词单句改错之真题训练:1.waters 改为water,因“水”为物质名词,不可数2.time改为 times,many times 意为“许多次”3.library 改为 libraries,因其前的谓语are为复数4.times 改为 time,some time 意为“某时”5.去掉time,因first 已含有“次”的意思6.question 改为 questions,因其前有表示复数意义的修饰语 lots of7.subject 改为 subjects,因 a few 后应接复数可数名词8.match 改为 matches9.return改为 returns,many happy returns of the day! 为祝贺生日的惯用表达10.schoolmate 改为 schoolmates,因校友不只一个,另外根据其后的 all 也可推知11.class 改为 classes,指其后提到的所有课程12.family 改为 home,因 at home 为固定短语13.subject 改为 subjects,请注意前面的 all14.picture 改为 pictures,picture 作为可数名词,其前应有限定词,或为复数形式15.program 改为 programs,从句意上看,此处应用复数16.word 改为 words,注意其后的复数动词17.month 改为 months,因 several 后要用可数名词的复数形式18.stranger改为strangers,由本行前面的we可知应该用名词复数19.minute改为minutes,因为a few后面的名词一定是复数20.age改为ages,因谈到不止一个人的年龄,age用复数;of all ages指各个年龄阶段的人21.homeworks改为homework,因它是不可数名词,没有复数形式22.knowledges改为knowledge,因 knowledge是不可数名词,没有复数形式23.airs改为air,因为air是不可数名词,没有复数形式名词单句改错之模拟训练:1.country 改为 countries,因其前的most 意为“大多数”。