高考英语语法专题精讲精练-定语从句

语法专题一：定语从句

1. 定语从句的几个基本概念：

1) 先行词：即被定语从句修饰的名次或代词，通常位于定从的前面。

2) 先行词在从句中担当成份：根据不同成份，用相应的关系代词或关系副词。

3) 关系代词：即先行词在定从中作主、宾、表、定。

作主语：指物，则用that, which引导，且不能省略；指人，用that, who引导，不省略。

作宾语：即及物动词宾语和介词宾语：指物，用that, which引导，可省略；

指人，用that, who, whom引导，可省略。

注意：如将介词提到了定从之首，先行词指人，只能用whom; 指物只能用

which。

作表语：一般指人、指物皆用that, 可省略。

作定语：指人、指物皆用whose,不省略。

4) 关系副词：即先行词在定从中作状语，指时间用when, 地点用where, 原因用why，亦

可用介词+which替代。

所谓作状语：即先行词不能直接放入从句中，需要有一个介词连接，而从句中却没有这个介词。

5) 非限制性定语从句：即用逗号与主句或先行词分开，用于补充说明。

(1) which: 用于指代先行词（物），或整个主句，不能省略。

(2) who / whom: 用于指代先行词（人），不能省略。

(3) all / some of + which / whom:用于指代先行词的部分。

(4) as为关系代词，“正如、就像”的意思, 引导定从时可置于句首、句中或句末。

注意：在非限制性定从中，不能用that。

2. 一些特殊用法：

1) 一般只用that引导从句的情况：

(1) 限制性定语从句中，当先行词被强调，如被any, every, each, few, little, no, some, the

only, the very等修饰时；

(2) 先行词是不定代词all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything等时；

(3) 先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级所修饰时；

(4) 先行词既有人又有物时；

(5) 当句中已有who时，为避免重复。

2) 一般只用which引导从句的情况：

(1) 引导非限制性定语从句，指前面的某名词或它前面的整个主句时；

(2) 引导介词、介词短语提前的定语从句时；

(3）当先行词为集体名词时，着眼于整体，用which；着眼于各个成员，用who；

(4) 替代某些固定短语中的指示代词，如this, that等, 引导定从。

3) 由as引导的定语从句的几种常见情况：

(1) as引导非限制性定语从句，说明整个主句的内容，和which引导定语从句代替整个

句子的区别是：which不能放在句首，而as则可以；在句中，as有“正如”、“就象”

之意，而which则没有此意；

(2）当先行词前有the same，such修饰时，或在“so / as…as”结构中，表示“那样……

以致”，后用关系代词as引导限制性定语从句；

(3) 在such…as结构中，as为关系代词，替代先行词，引导的是定语从句；在such…that

结构中，that为连词，引导的是一个完整的结果状语从句。

4) 当way作先行词时，可用that, in which或省略引导定从

5) 当先行词为situation, case, point, job, condition等时，常用where引导定从。

6) 当先行词为one of the +复数名词时，定从的谓动用复数动词；

当先行词为the (only)one of the +复数名词时，定从的谓动用单数动词；

巩固练习：

1. Last month, part of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from ______ effects the people are still

suffering.

A. that

B. whose

C. those

D. what

2. Mark was a student at this universit y from 1999 to 2003, ______ he studied very hard and was

made Chairman of the Students’ Union.

A. during which time

B. for which time

C. during whose time

D. by that time

3. I work in a business ______ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.

A. how

B. which

C. where

D. that

4. The English play ______ my students acted at the New Y ear’s party was a great success.

A. for which

B. at which

C. in which

D. on which

5. New Y ork, ______ I visited last year, is a nice old city.

A. that

B. which

C. when

D. in which

6. I can think of many cases ______ students obviously knew a lot of English words and

expressions but couldn't write a good essay.

A. why

B. which

C. as

D. where

7. George Orwell, ______ was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays.

A. the real name

B. what his real name

C. his real name

D. whose real name

8. ______ is reported in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are making

A. It

B. As

C. That

D. What

9. American women usually identify their best friend as someone ______ they can talk frequently.

A who B. as C. about which D. with whom

10. Anyway, that evening, ______ I'll tell you more about later, I ended up staying at Rachel's

place.

A. when

B. where

C. what

D. which

11. The factory ______ the students visited last week is the one ______ I have worked for thee

years.

A. that; which

B. when; in which

C. /; where

D. which; that

12. The most important thing _____ we should pay attention to is the first thing ____ I hav e said.

A. which; that

B. that; which

C. which; which

D. that; that

13. The school ______ my father teaches is a world-famous one, ______was set up 100 years ago.

A. where; which

B. which; which

C. /; where

D. where; that

14. This is Mr. Smith, ______ I think has something interesting to tell you.

A. who

B. whom

C. that

D. /

15. ______ is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.

A. It

B. As

C. That

D. What

16. ---When was the house built?

---It was built in 1949 ______ the PRC was founded.