专四语法词汇详解6-10
英语专四考试词汇讲解
英语专四考试词汇讲解英语专四考试词汇讲解1. double v. 是…的两倍, (使)加倍例句:The house has doubled in value since I bought it.自从我买下这幢房子以来, 它的价值已增加了一倍。
2. grave adj. 严重的例句:This heavy rain could have grave consequences.这场大雨会造成严重后果。
3. prevalence n. 流行,盛行;普遍,广泛例句:Sweden now has the lowest smoking prevalence in Europe.现在瑞典是欧洲吸烟率最低的`国家。
4. cease v. 停止, 终止, 结束例句:The storm has ceased.暴风雨停了。
5. burden n. 重负例句:His invalid father is becoming a burden.他父亲体弱多病, 对他来说渐渐成了累赘。
6. detonate v. (使)爆炸, 引爆例句:The workmen detonated the dynamite.工人们把炸药引爆了。
7. defame vt. 诽谤, 中伤例句:They’ve been defaming us for years.多年来他们一直在中伤我们。
8. leisure n. 悠闲, 安逸例句:He likes leisure and hates work.他喜欢安逸, 讨厌工作。
9. rapid adj. 快的; 急速的,迅速的;快速的;快捷的例句:They asked their questions in rapid succession.他们连珠炮似地提出了一系列问题。
10. trafficker n. 做(非法)买卖的人例句:The police caught an international arms trafficker.警察抓到了一个国际武器贩子。
英语专四考试词汇与语法详解
英语专四考试词汇与语法详解英语专四考试词汇与语法详解语法和词汇是英语考试必考的题目,占得分值也是比较大的,深入了解语法和词汇是我们必须要做到,下面就和店铺一起来看看专业英语四级的词汇语法详解吧!一、代数名词数词1.在使用两个以上的人称代词时顺序是:第二人称第三人称第一人称2.everyone后面不可以跟of短语 every one 就可以3.以‘名词/动名词+介词(短语)/形容词/副词/动词不定式’构成的复合名词,它的复数形式是将作为主要部分的名词或动名词变为复数直接来源于短语或以可数名词结尾的复合名词的复数形式是将最后一个构词部分变为复数以‘man 或者woman+名词’构成的复合名词的复数形式是将两个组成部分全变成复数以不可数名词结尾的复合名词无复数形式如:homework4.物质名词一般不可数,但用于表示‘各种不同品种’时几乎都可做可数名词如:different teas5.当抽象名词前后有修饰语表示‘某一种’或‘某一方面’的`抽象概念时其前可加a/an6.名词所有格要点:必须用's的场合(1)'s属格用于表示时间,度量衡,价值的名词之后(2)作为一个整体的词组在最后一个词加's(3)人或物为两人共有,在第二个名词后加's(4)当所有格后面的名词是人们熟悉的建筑物如商店,住家,教堂,医院等,此名词常省略(5)复合名词在最后一个词后加's(6)当被修饰的名词后有同位语时,必须用's7.当用来表示类别或属性时,要用's children's shoes 儿童鞋,必须用of的场合(1)名词后跟有后置修饰语或同位语时(2)以定冠词加分词或形容词表示一类人时如果dozen/score/hundred/thousand/million前有基数词以表示确切数目时,都不能用复数形式如果用来表示很多有不确切的数目时,须用复数,而且后面加of8.表示顺序的两种方式:(1)'名词+基数词',不用冠词,如Chapter four(2)' the+序数词+名词' 如the Fourth Chapter9.倍数增减的表示法(1) 倍数+形容词/副词比较级+than(2) 倍数+as+形容词/副词+as(3) 倍数+名词(4) 动词+百分比或倍数(5) 动词+to+数词(6) double/triple/quadruple+名词(7) 动词+by+数词/百分比/倍数10.分数分子为基数词,分母为序数词分母除了在分子为一的其他情况下为复数11.百分比后接名词时加of二、形容词副词(1)前置修饰语的排列顺序可以至于冠词前的形容词(all both such) -----冠词,指示形容词,所有格形容词,不定形容词(a an the this your his any some)-----------基数词(one ) 序数词(first)------------ 表示性质,状态,质量的形容词(good useful)--------------表示大小,长短,形状的形容词----------------表示年龄,新旧,温度的形容词------------表示颜色的形容词---------------------表示国籍,产地,区域的形容词-----------表示材料,用做形容词的名词----------动名词,分词(2)后置修饰语由前缀a-构成的形容词(3)形容词修饰由some-,any-,every-,no-,-body,-one,-thing等组成的复合不定代词时,必须后置(4)enough作形容词修饰名词时既可放前又可放后,但当它作副词修饰形容词或副词时,必须后置(5)有些形容词本身就有’比…年长‘,’比…… 优等的意思这些形容词后面用介词to 而不用than(6)much too 作为副词短语修饰形容词或副词,不修饰名词(7)more 不能用来修饰比较级(8)与名词连用的more of a …/as much of a…/more of a…意为更像…(9)as much o f a…意为称得上,less of a 意为算不上(10)none other than(不是别人,正是)=no other than(11)any/some/every与other连用时,其后若用可数名词,一般为单数三、情态动词(1)can 用于否定句cannot(help)but表示不能不,只能(but后跟不带to的动词不定式)(2)must 表示禁止,一定不要时的否定式为mustn't 当它表示有把握的推断时意为一定准是时它的否定形式为can't(3)need doing=need to be done 这个句型表示被动意味(4)need not have done sth 表示本来没有必要做某事 (经常考)四、虚拟语气从句主句(1)与过去事实相反 had+过去分词 should(第一人称)would(其它人称)+have+过去分词与现在事实相反一般过去式(动词be用were) would/should/could/might+动词原型与将来事实相反过去式或should/were+动原would/should/could/might+动词原型(2)It is (high/about/the)time……谓语动词用过去式指现在或将来的情况表示早该做某事而现在已经有点晚了(3)It is the first(second/third)time后的that从句中,谓语动词要用完成体来表示一种经验(4)as if/though 的虚拟要点(5)对当时事实的假设,从句谓语用过去式,be动词一律用were(6)对过去事实的假设,从句谓语用过去完成式(7)对未来事实的假设,从句谓语用would+动词原型【英语专四考试词汇与语法详解】。
俄语专四语法词汇复习资料.doc
俄语专四语法词汇复习资料.doc⼀、名词概述名词是表⽰事物名称的词类。
它可以表⽰⼈:CTyaCHT(⼤学⽣),COJinaT(战⼠),物:CTOJI (桌⼦),JiaMria(灯),动物:co6aKa(狗),KopoBa(母⽜),⾃然现象:Mopo3(寒冷),3acyxa(旱灾),社会现象:4eM0HCTpauH^(游⾏),3a6acTOBKa(罢⼯),抽象概念:KpacoTa(美丽),xpa6pocTt(勇敢)等o名词有性的区别,有数和格的变化。
名词的单数形式都有⼀■定的性属,如yiie6HHK(教科书),为阳性名词,pyHKa(钢笔),为阴性名词,nHCbMO(信)为中性名词名词有数的变化要,⼤部分名词有单数和复数两种形式,如Kimra - KiiHrH(书),cncuwajincT - criCLuiajiHCTL>i(专家),名词有格的变化,如CTOJI(单数第-格)-CTOJia(单数第⼆格)-cTOJiy(单数第三格)名词在句中可以作各种成分,但主要的是⽤作主语和这补语。
例如:O TCU MHTaeT ra3eiy.⽗亲在读报。
主语补语Bpar nojiynnji nncbMO.哥哥收到了信。
主语补语_抽象名词(oTBJie i ieHHoe WMH cymecTBHTeubHoe)是表⽰抽象概念、性质、动作和状态的名词。
例如:4o6poTa, CBe^cecTb, Tepneime, pa3BHTHe, KpacoTa, cnoKOHCTBHe 等。
物质名词(BCIUCCTBCHHOC MMH cymccTBHTCJibHOc)表⽰事物或材料的名称。
例如:caxap, yroub, CTaTb, nmeHHua, Mea, nan, MyKa, moKOJiaa 等。
集合名词(coGHpaTejibHoe HMH cymecTBHTejibHoe)表⽰同类事物的总和。
例如:Meoejib, 6eaHOTa, Sejibe, MOJioae>Kb, CTyneHqecTBO, TOBapnmecTBo 等。
专四词汇短语汇总
专四核心词汇测试一1.alter v.改变,改动,变更2. burst vi/n.突然发生/爆裂3. dispose vi.除掉;处置;解决;处理(of)4. blast n.爆炸;气流vi. 炸,炸掉5.consume v.消耗,耗尽6.split v.劈开;割裂;分裂a.裂开的7.spit v.吐(唾液等);唾弃8.spill v.溢出,溅出,倒出9.slip v.滑动,滑落;忽略,犯错10.slide v.滑动,滑落n. 滑动;滑面;幻灯片11.bacteria n.细菌12.breed n.种,品种v. 繁殖,产仔13.budget n.预算v. 编预算,作安排14.candidate n.候选人15.campus n.校园16.liberal a.慷慨的;博学的;自由的17.transform v.转变,变革;变换18.transmit v.传播,播送;传递19.transplant v.移植20.transport vt.运输,运送n. 运输,运输工具21.shift v. 转移;转动;转变22.vary v. 变化,改变;使多样化23.vanish vi. 消灭,不见24.swallow v. 吞下,咽下n. 燕子25.suspicion n. 怀疑,疑心26.suspicious a. 怀疑的,可疑的d a. 温暖的,暖和的;温柔的,味淡的28.tender a. 温柔的;脆弱的29.nuisance n. 损害,妨害,讨厌(的人或事物)30.insignificant a. 无意义的,无足轻重的;无价值的测试二31.accelerate vt. 加速,促进32.absolute a. 绝对的,无条件的;完全的33.boundary n. 分界线,边界34.brake n. 刹车,制动器v. 刹住(车)35.catalog n. 目录(册) v. 编目频词汇36.vague a. 模糊的,不明确的37.vain n. 徒劳,白费38.extinct a. 绝灭的,熄灭的39.extraordinary a. 不平常的,特别的,非凡的40.extreme a. 极度的,极端的n. 极端,过分41.agent n. 代理人,代理商;动因,原因45.approve v. 赞成,同意,批准46.stimulate vt. 刺激,激励47.acquire vt. 取得,获得;学到48.accomplish vt .完成,到达;实行work n. 网状物;广播网,电视网;网络50.tide n. 潮汐;潮流51.tidy a. 整洁的,整齐的52.trace vt. 追踪,找到n. 痕迹,踪迹53.torture n./vt. 拷打,折磨54.wander vi. 漫游,闲逛55.wax n. 蜡56.weave v. 织,编57.preserve v. 保护,保存,保持,维持测试三61. abuse v. 滥用,虐待;谩骂62. academic a. 学术的;高等院校的;研究院的64. battery n. 电池(组)65. barrier n. 障碍;棚栏66. cargo n. (船、飞机等装载的)货物67. career n. 生涯,职业69. vertical a. 垂直的70. oblige v. 迫使,责成;使感激71. obscure a. 阴暗,模糊72. extent n. 程度,范围,大小,限度73. exterior n. 外部,外表a. 外部的,外表的74. external a. 外部的,外表的,外面的75. petrol n. 汽油76. petroleum n. 石油77. delay vt./n. 推迟,延误,耽搁78. decay vi. 腐烂,腐朽79. decent a. 像样的,体面的80. route n. 路;路线;航线81. ruin v. 毁坏,破坏n. 毁灭,[pl.]废墟82. sake n. 缘故,理由83. satellite n. 卫星84. scale n. 大小,规模;等级;刻85. temple n. 庙宇86. tedious a. 乏味道,单调的,87. tend vi.易于,趋向88. tendency n.趋向,趋势89. ultimate a. 极端的,最大的,最终的n. 极端93. adapt vi. 适应,适合;改编,改写vt. 使适应94. bachelor n. 学士,学士学位;单身汉95. casual a. 偶然的,碰巧的;临时的;非正式的96. trap n. 陷阱,圈套v. 设陷阱捕捉97. vacant a. 空的,未占用的98. vacuum n. 真空,真空吸尘器100. optics n. (单、复数同形)光学词组汇总基础篇。
英语专四大纲词汇语法
英语专业四级词汇(新大纲)absorb vt.吸收;使专心abstract a.抽象的n.摘要的abundant a.丰富的;大量的academic a.学院的;学术的accelerate vt.(使)加快;促进accidental a.偶然的;非本质的accent n.口音,腔调;重音access n.接近;通道,入口acceptance n.接受,验收;承认accommodate vt.容纳;供应,供给accommodation n.招待设备;预定铺位accompany vt.陪伴,陪同;伴随accomplish vt.达到(目的);完成accordance n.一致;和谐;授予accordingly ad.因此,所以;照着account n.记述;解释;帐目accumulate vt.积累vi.堆积accuracy n.准确(性);准确度accurate a.准确的,正确无误的accuse vt.指责;归咎于accustomed a.惯常的;习惯的ache vi.痛;想念n.疼痛achieve vt.完成,实现;达到achievement n.完成;成就,成绩acid n.酸;酸的,酸性的acquaintance n.认识;了解;熟人acquire vt.取得;获得;学到acre n.英亩(=6.07亩)actual a.实际的;现行的actually ad.实际上;竟然adapt vt.使适应;改编address n.地址;演说;谈吐adequate a.足够的;可以胜任的adjective n.形容词a.形容词的adjust vt.调整,调节;校正administration n.管理;管理部门admire vt.钦佩,羡慕,赞赏admission n.允许进入;承认admit vt.承认;准许…进入adopt vt.收养;采用;采取adult n.成年人a.成年的advance vi.前进;提高n.进展advanced a.先进的;高级的advantage n.优点,优势;好处adventure n.冒险;惊险活动adverb n.副词advertisement n.广告;公告;登广告advisable n.明智的;可取的advise vt.劝告;建议;通知aero plane n.飞机affair n.事情,事件;事务affect vt.影响;感动affection n.慈爱,爱;爱慕afford vt.担负得起…;提供afterward ad.后来,以后aggressive a.侵略的;好斗的agreement n.协定,协议;同意alcohol n.酒精,乙醇alloy n.合金;(金属的)成色alphabet n.字母表,字母系统alternative n.替换物;取舍,抉择altitude n.高,高度;高处altogether ad.完全;总而言之aluminum n.铝ambulance n.救护车;野战医院amuse vt.逗…乐;给…娱乐ancestor n.祖宗,祖先anchor n.锚vi.抛锚,停泊ancient a.古代的,古老的angle n.角,角度ankle n.踝,踝节部announce vt.宣布,宣告,发表annoy vt.使恼怒;打搅ant n.蚂蚁anticipate vt.预料,预期,期望apartment n.一套公寓房间apparatus n.器械,仪器;器官apparent a.表面上的;明显的appeal vi.&n.呼吁;申述appear vi.出现;来到;似乎appearance n.出现,来到;外观appetite n.食欲,胃口;欲望appliance n.用具,器具,器械applicable a.能应用的;适当的application n.请求,申请;施用apply vt.应用,实施,使用appoint vt.任命,委任;约定appointment n.任命;约定,约会appreciate vt.欣赏;领会;感谢approach vt.向…靠近n.靠近appropriate a.适当的,恰当的approval n.赞成,同意;批准approve vt.赞成,称许;批准approximate a.近似的vt.近似arbitrary a.随心所欲的;专断的architecture n.建筑学;建筑式样argument n.争论,辩论;理由arise vi.出现;由…引起arithmetic n.算术,四则运算army n.军队;陆军around prep.在…周围arouse vt.引起,唤起;唤醒arrange vt.筹备;整理;调解arrangement n.整理,排列;安排arrest vt.逮捕,拘留;阻止arrival n.到达;到来;到达者arrow n.箭;箭状物article n.文章;条款;物品artificial a.人工的;矫揉造作的artistic a.艺术的;艺术家的ash n.灰,灰末;骨灰ashamed a.惭愧(的);羞耻(的) aspect n.方面;样子,外表assemble vt.集合,召集;装配assembly n.集合;集会;装配assess vt.对(财产等)估价assign vt.指派;分配;指定assignment n.任务,指定的作业assist vt.援助,帮助;搀扶assistant n.助手,助理;助教assistance n. 协助,援助associate vi.交往n.伙伴,同事association n.协会,团体;联合assume vt.假定;承担;呈现assure vt.使确信;向…保证astonish vt.使惊讶,使吃惊astronaut n.宇宙航行员,宇航员Atlantic a.大西洋的n.大西洋atmosphere n.大气;空气;气氛atom n.原子;微粒;微量atomic a.原子的;原子能的attach vt.缚,系,贴;附加attain vt.达到,获得,完成attempt vt.尝试,试图n.企图attend vt.出席;照顾,护理attract vt.吸引;引起,诱惑attraction n.吸引;吸引力;引力attractive a.有吸引力的attribute vt.把…归因于n.属性audience n.听众,观众,读者authority n.当局,官方;权力auto n.(口语)汽车automatic a.自动的;机械的automobile n.汽车,机动车autumn n.秋,秋季auxiliary a.辅助的;附属的available a.可利用的;通用的avenue n.林荫道,道路;大街average n.平均数a.平均的await vt.等候,期待awake a.醒着的vt.唤醒award n.奖,奖品;判定aware a.知道的,意识到的awful a.令人不愉快的awkward a.笨拙的;尴尬的ax n.斧子backward a.向后的;倒的ad.倒bacteria n.细菌baggage n.行李bake vt.烤,烘,焙;烧硬balance vt.使平衡;称n.天平balloon n.气球,玩具气球band n.乐队;带;波段bang n.巨响,枪声;猛击barber n.理发师bare a.赤裸的;仅仅的bargain n.交易vi.议价;成交barrel n.桶;圆筒;枪管barrier n.栅栏,屏障;障碍basically ad.基本上basis n.基础,根据battery n.电池;一套,一组bay n.湾;山脉中的凹处beam n.梁;横梁;束,柱bear n.熊;粗鲁的人bear vt.容忍;负担;生育beard n.胡须,络腮胡子beast n.兽,野兽;牲畜behalf n.利益,维护,支持beneath prep.在…下方beneficial a.有利的,有益的bet vt.&vi.&n.打赌Bible n.基督教《圣经》billion num.万亿(英)bind vt.捆绑;包扎;装钉biology n.生物学;生态学biscuit n.(英)饼干;(美)软饼bite vt.咬,叮,螫;剌穿bitter a.痛苦的;严寒的blackboard n.黑板blade n.刀刃,刀片;叶片blanket n.毛毯,毯子,羊毛毯blast n.爆炸,冲击波vt.炸blend vt.&vi.&n.混和block n.街区vt.堵塞,拦阻board n.板vt.上(船、车等)boast vi.自夸vt.吹嘘bold a.大胆的;冒失的bolt n.螺栓;插销vt.闩门bomb n.炸弹vt.轰炸bond n.联结,联系;公债bone n.骨,骨骼boot n.靴子,长统靴border n.边,边缘;边界bother vt.烦扰,迷惑n.麻烦bottle n.瓶,酒瓶;一瓶bottom n.底,底部,根基bounce vi.反跳,弹起;跳起bound a.一定的;有义务的boundary n.分界线,办界bow n.弓;蝴蝶结;鞠躬brake n.闸,刹车vi.制动branch n.树枝;分部;分科brass n.黄铜;黄铜器brave a.勇敢的,华丽的bread n.面包;食物,粮食breadth n.宽度,幅度;幅面break vt.打破;损坏;破坏breast n.乳房;胸脯,胸膛breed n.品种vt.使繁殖breeze n.微风,和风brick n.砖,砖块;砖状物bride n. 新娘brilliant a.光辉的;卓越的British a.不列颠的,英联邦的broad a.宽的,阔的;广泛的broadcast n.广播,播音brow n.额;眉,眉毛brush n.刷子,毛刷;画笔bubble n.泡vi.冒泡,沸腾bucket n.水桶;吊桶;铲斗building n.建筑物,大楼;建筑bulb n.电灯泡;球状物bulk n.物体,容积,大批bullet n.枪弹,子弹,弹丸bundle n.捆,包,束;包袱burden n.担子,重担;装载量bureau n.局,司,处;社,所burn vi.烧,燃烧n.烧伤burst vt.使爆裂vi.&n.爆炸bury vt.埋葬,葬;埋藏bush n.灌木,灌木丛,矮树button n.扣子;按钮vt.扣紧cabin n.小屋;船舱,机舱cabinet n.橱,柜;内阁cable n.缆,索;电缆;电报cafe n.咖啡馆;小餐厅calculate vt.计算;估计;计划calculator n.计算器,计算者calendar n.日历,历书;历法calm a.静的,平静的camel n.骆驼camera n.照相机,摄影机camp n.野营,营地,兵营campaign n.战役;运动campus n.校园,学校场地can aux.v.能,会,可能can n.罐头,听头;容器Canadian a.加拿大的canal n.运河;沟渠;管candidate n.候选人;投考者candle n.蜡烛;烛形物;烛光cap n.帽子,便帽;帽状物capable a.有能力的,有才能的capacity n.容量;能力;能量capital n.资本,资金;首都captain n.陆军上尉;队长capture vt.捕获,俘获;夺得carbon n.碳cargo n.船货,货物carpenter n.木工,木匠carpet n.地毯,毡毯,毛毯carriage n.客车厢;四轮马车carrier n.运输工具;运载工具cart n.二轮运货马车case n.情况;事实;病例cassette n.盒式录音带;盒子cast vt.投,扔,抛;浇铸castle n.城堡;巨大建筑物casual a.偶然的;随便的catalog n.目录,目录册cease vi.&vi.&n.停止,停息celebrate vt.庆祝;歌颂,赞美cell n.细胞;小房间cement n.水泥;胶泥vt.粘结cent n.分;分币;百centimetre n.公分,厘米ceremony n.典礼,仪式;礼节certificate n.证书,证件,执照chamber n.会议室;房间;腔champion n.冠军,得胜者chapter n.章,回,篇characteristic a.特有的n.特性charge vt.索价;控告n.费用chart n.图,图表;海图chase n.追逐,追赶,追求cheap a.廉价的;劣质的cheat vt.骗取;哄vi.行骗cheer vt.使振作;欢呼cheerful a.快乐的,愉快的cheese n.奶酪,干酪chemical a.化学的n.化学制品chemist n.化学家;药剂师cheque n.支票chill vt.使变冷n.寒冷chimney n.烟囱,烟筒;玻璃罩chin n.颏,下巴chocolate n.巧克力;巧克力糖choke vt.使窒息;塞满chop vt.砍,劈;切细vi.砍Christian n.基督教徒;信徒Christmas n.圣诞节circuit n.电路;环行;巡行circular a.圆的;循环的circulate vt.使循环vi.循环circumference n.圆周,周长,圆周线circumstance n.情况,条件;境遇citizen n.公民;市民,居民civilization n.文明,文化;开化civilize vt.使文明;教育classification n.分类;分级;分类法classify vt.把…分类claw n.爪,脚爪,螯clay n.粘土,泥土;肉体clue n.线索,暗示,提示clumsy a.笨拙的;愚笨的coach n.长途公共汽车coal n.煤,煤块coarse a.粗的,粗糙的coast n.海岸,海滨(地区)cock n.公鸡;雄禽;旋塞code n.准则;法典;代码coffee n.咖啡,咖啡茶coil n.(一)卷;线圈vt.卷collapse vi.倒坍;崩溃,瓦解collar n.衣领,项圈colleague n.同事,同僚collection n.搜集,收集;收藏品collective a.集体的;集合性的collision n.碰撞;冲突colony n.殖民地;侨居地column n.柱,支柱,圆柱comb n.梳子vt.梳理combination n.结合,联合;化合command vt.命令,指挥;控制commander n.司令官,指挥员comment n.评论,意见;注释commerce n.商业,贸易;社交commercial a.商业的;商品化的commission n.委任状;委员会commit vt.犯(错误);干(坏事) committee n.委员会;全体委员community n.社区;社会;公社companion n.同伴;共事者;伴侣comparative a.比较的,相对的comparison n.比较,对照;比似compass n.罗盘,指南针;圆规compel vt.强迫,迫使屈服compete vi.比赛;竞争;对抗competent a.有能力的;应该做的competition n.竞争,比赛complex a.结合的;复杂的complicated a.复杂的,难懂的component n.组成部分;分;组件compose vt.组成,构成;创作composition n.构成;作品;写作compound n.化合物;复合词comprehension n.理解,理解力;领悟comprehensive a.广泛的;理解的compress vt.压紧,压缩comprise vt.包含,包括;构成compromise n.妥协,和解compute vt.计算,估计,估算conceal vt.把…隐藏起来concentrate vt.集中;聚集;浓缩concentration n.集中;专注;浓缩concept n.概念,观念,设想concern n.关心,挂念;关系concerning prep.关于concert n.音乐会,演奏会conclude vt.推断出;结束conclusion n.结论,推论;结尾concrete n.混凝土;具体物condemn vt.谴责,指责;判刑condense vt.压缩,使缩短condition n.状况,状态;环境conduct n.举止,行为;指导conductor n.售票员;(乐队)指挥conference n.会议,讨论会confess vt.供认,承认;坦白confine vt.限制;禁闭confirm vt.证实,肯定;批准conflict n.争论;冲突;斗争confuse vt.使混乱,混淆congratulate vt.祝贺,向…道喜congress n.大会;国会,议会conjunction n.接合,连接;连接词conquer vt.征服,战胜;破除conquest n.攻取,征服;克服conscience n.良心,道德心conscious a.意识到的;有意的consciousness n.意识,觉悟;知觉consent n.同意,赞成vi.同意consequence n.结果,后果consequently ad.因此,因而,所以conservation n.保存,保护;守恒conservative a.保守的n.保守的人considerable a.相当大的;重要的considerate a.考虑周到的;体谅的consideration n.考虑,思考;体贴consist vi.由…组成;在于consistent a.坚持的,一贯的constant a.经常的;永恒的constitute vt. 构成,组成,任命constitution n.章程;体质;构造construct vt.建造;建设;构筑construction n.建造;建筑;建筑物consult vt.请教,查阅consume vt.消耗,消费;消灭consumption n.消耗量;消耗contact vt.使接触;与…联系contain vt.包含,容纳;等于container n.容器;集装箱contemporary a.当代的,同时代的contempt n.轻蔑;藐视;受辱content n.内容,目录;容量content a.满意的,满足的contest vt.争夺,争取;辩驳continent n.大陆;陆地;洲continual a.不断的;连续的continue vt.继续,连续;延伸continuous a.连续不断的,持续的contract n.契约,合同;婚约contradiction n.矛盾,不一致;否认contrary a.相反的n.相反contribute vt.捐献,捐助;投稿convenience n.便利,方便;厕所convenient a.便利的;近便的convention n.习俗,惯例;公约conventional a.普通的;习惯的conversation n.会话,非正式会谈conversely ad.相反地conversion n.转变,转化;改变convert vt.使转变;使改变convey vt.传送;运送;传播convince vt.使确信,使信服cooperate vi.合作,协作;配合coordinate vt.使协调,调节copper n.铜;铜币,铜制器cord n.细绳,粗线,索core n.果实的心,核心corner n.角;犄角;边远地区corporation n.公司,企业;社团correspond vi.相符合;相当corresponding a.相应的;符合的corridor n.走廊,回廊,通路costly a.昂贵的;价值高的cottage n.村舍,小屋cotton n.棉;棉线;棉布cough vi.咳,咳嗽n.咳嗽council n.理事会,委员会count vt.计算vi.数,计数counter n.柜台;计数器county n.英国的郡,美国的县crack n.裂缝,裂纹vi.爆裂craft n.工艺;手艺,行业crane n.起重机,摄影升降机crash vi.碰撞,坠落n.碰撞crawl vi.爬,爬行cream n.奶油,乳脂;奶油色creature n.生物,动物,家畜credit n.信用贷款;信用creep vi.爬行;缓慢地行进crew n.全体船员criminal n.犯人,罪犯,刑事犯crisis n.危机;存亡之际critic n.批评家,爱挑剔的人critical a.决定性的;批评的criticism n.批评;批判;评论criticize vt.批评;评论;非难crown n.王冠,冕;花冠crude a.简陋的;天然的cruel a.残忍的,残酷的crush vt.压碎,碾碎;镇压crust n.面包皮;硬外皮crystal n.水晶,结晶体;晶粒cube n.立方形;立方cubic a.立方形的;立方的cultivate vt.耕;种植;培养cupboard n.碗柜,碗碟橱;食橱cure vt.医治;消除n.治愈curiosity n.好奇,好奇心;珍品current a.当前的;通用的curse n.诅咒,咒骂;天谴curtain n.帘,窗帘;幕(布) curve n.曲线;弯vt.弄弯cushion n.垫子,坐垫,靠垫customer n.顾客,主顾cycle n自行车,循环dairy n.牛奶场;乳制品dam n.水坝,水堤;障碍物dare vt.&aux.v.敢;竟敢deal n.买卖;待遇vt.给予debate n.&vi.争论,辩论decade n.十年,十年期decay vi.腐烂;衰败n.腐烂deceive vt.欺骗,蒙蔽,行骗decide vt.决定,决心;解决deck n.甲板;舱面;层面declare vt.断言;声明;表明decorate vt.装饰,装璜,修饰decrease vi.&n.减少,减少deduce vt.演绎,推论,推断deed n.行为;功绩;契约defect n.缺点,缺陷,欠缺definitely ad.一定地,明确地definition n.定义,释义;定界degree n.程度;度;学位delicate a.纤细的;易碎的delight n.快乐vt.使高兴deliver vt.投递,送交;发表delivery n.投递;交付;分娩demand vt.要求;需要;询问democracy n.民主,民主制democratic a.民主的,民主政体的demonstrate vt.说明;论证;表露dense a.密集的;浓厚的density n.密集,稠密;密度deny vt.否定;拒绝相信depart vi.离开,起程;出发department n.部,司,局,处,系departure n.离开,出发,起程dependent a.依靠的,依赖的deposit vt.使沉淀;存放depress vt.使沮丧;按下depth n.深度;深厚;深处derive vt.取得vi.起源descend vi.下来,下降;下倾describe vt.形容;描写,描绘description n.描写,形容;种类desert n.沙漠vt.离弃;擅离deserve vt.应受,值得design vt.设计n.设计;图样desirable a.值得相望的;可取的desire vt.相望;要求n.愿望despair n.绝望vi.绝望desperate a.拼死的;绝望的despite prep.不管,不顾destination n.目的地,终点;目标destruction n.破坏,毁灭,消灭detail n.细节;枝节;零件detect vt.察觉,发觉;侦察detection n.察觉,发觉;侦察determination n.决心;决定;确定determine vt.决定;查明;决心device n.器械,装置;设计devil n.魔鬼,恶魔devise vt.设计,发明devote vt.将…奉献,致力于diagram n.图解,图表,简图dial n.钟面;拨号盘vt.拨dialect n.方言,土语,地方话diameter n.直径diamond n.金钢石,钻石;菱形dictate vt.&vi.口授;命令digital a.数字的,计数的dim a.昏暗的;朦胧的dimension n.尺寸,尺度;面积dip vt.浸,蘸vi.浸一浸director n.指导者;理事;导演dirt n.尘,土;污物,污垢disadvantage n.不利,不利地位disagree vi.有分歧;不一致disappear vi.不见,失踪;消失disappoint vt.使失望,使受挫折disaster n.灾难,灾祸;天灾disk n.圆盘,唱片;磁盘disc n.圆盘,唱片;磁盘discard vt.丢弃,抛弃,遗弃discharge vt.释放;排出n.释放discipline n.纪律;训练vt.训练discourage vt.使泄气,使灰心discover vt.发现;暴露,显示discovery n.发现;被发现的事物discussion n.讨论,谈论;论述disgust n.厌恶,憎恶dish n.碟,盘子;菜肴dismiss vt.不再考虑;解雇disorder n.混乱,杂乱;骚乱display vt.陈列,展览;显示disposal n.丢掉,处理,销毁dispose vi.去掉,丢掉;销毁dispute vi.争论,争执n.争论dissolve vt.使溶解;解散distance n.距离,间距;远处distant a.在远处的,疏远的distinct a.与其它不同的distinction n.差别,不同,区分distress n.忧虑,悲伤;不幸distribute vt.分发,分送;分布distribution n.分发,分配;分布district n.区;地区,区域disturb vt.打扰,扰乱;弄乱ditch n.沟,沟渠,渠道dive vi.跳水;潜水;俯冲diverse a.不一样的,相异的divide vt.分;分配;分开division n.分,分配;除法document n.公文,文件;证件domestic a.本国的;家庭的donkey n.驴;笨蛋dorm n.宿舍dormitory n.集体寝室;宿舍dose n.剂量,用量;一剂dot n.点,圆点vt.打点于doubtful a.难以预测的;怀疑的downstairs ad.在楼下a.楼下的draft n.草稿;汇票vt.起草drag vt.拖,拉;拖曳drain vt.排去;放水n.耗竭drama n.一出戏剧,剧本dramatic a.引人注目的,戏剧的drawing n.图画,素描;绘图drift vi.漂流,漂泊n.漂流drill n.钻头;操练vi.钻孔drip vi.滴下;漏水n.水滴drown vi.淹死,溺死drum n.鼓;鼓状物,圆桶due a.预期的;应给的dull a.枯燥的;不鲜明的dump vt.倾卸,倾倒;倾销durable a.耐久的,耐用的duration n.持续,持久dusk n.薄暮,黄昏,幽暗dye vt.染n.染料;染色dynamic a.有活力的;动力的eagle n.鹰earn vt.赚得,挣得;获得earnest a.认真的,诚恳的ease n.容易,舒适vt.缓和eastern a.东方的;朝东的easy a.容易的;安逸的echo n.回声,反响vi.重复economical a.节约的;经济学的effect n.结果;效果,效力effective a.有效的;有影响的efficiency n.效率;功效,效能efficient a.效率高的,有能力的effort n.努力;努力的成果elaborate a.复杂的;精心制作的elastic n.松紧带a.有弹性的elder a.年龄较大的n.长者election n.选举,选择权;当选electrical a.电的,电气科学的electron n.电子electronic a.电子的elementary a.基本的;初级的elevator n.电梯;升降机eliminate vt.消灭,消除,排除elsewhere ad.在别处,向别处embarrass vt.使窘迫,使为难embrace vt.拥抱;包括;包围emerge vi.出现,涌现;冒出emergency n.紧急情况,突然事件emit vt.散发;发射;发表emotion n.情感,感情;激动emotional a.感情的,情绪的emperor n.皇帝emphasis n.强调,重点,重要性emphasize vt.强调,着重empire n.帝国employ vi.雇用;用;使忙于employee n.受雇者,雇员,雇工employer n.雇佣者,雇主employment n.工业;雇用;使用enable vt.使能够,使可能enclose vt.围住,圈起;附上encounter vt.遭遇,遇到n.遭遇encourage vt.鼓励,支持,助长ending n.结尾,结局;死亡endure vt.忍受;容忍enemy n.敌人;仇敌;敌兵enforce vt.实施,执行;强制engage vt.使从事于;聘用engineering n.工程,工程学enormous a.巨大的,庞大的enquire vi.vt. 询问enquiry n. 询问ensure vt.保证;保护;赋予entertain vt.使欢乐;招待enthusiasm n.热情,热心,热忱entire a.全部的,整个的entitle vt.给…权利(或资格) entrance n.入口,门口;进入equality n.等同,平等;相等equation n.方程(式);等式equip vt.装备,配备equivalent a.相等的;等量的era n.时代,年代;纪元erect vt.建造;使竖立essay n.短文,散文,小品文essential a.必要的,本质的establish vt.建立,设立;确立establishment n.建立,设立,确立estimate vt.估计,评价n.估计evaporate vt.使蒸发vi.蒸发eve n.前夜,前夕,前一刻even a.均匀的;平的evening n.傍晚,黄昏,晚上eventually ad.终于;最后evident a.明显的,明白的evolution n.进化,演化;发展evolve vt.使进化;使发展exaggerate vt.&vi.夸大,夸张examine vt.检查,仔细观察exceed vt.超过,胜过;超出exceedingly ad.极端地,非常excellent a.优秀的,杰出的exception n.例外,除外excess n.超越;过量;过度excessive a.过多的,极度的excite vt.使激动;引起exclaim vi.呼喊;惊叫exclude vt.把…排除在外exclusively ad.专门地excursion n.远足;短途旅行execute vt.将…处死;实施executive a.执行的n.执行者exercise n.锻炼,训练vi.练习exert vt.尽(力),运用exhibit vt.显示;陈列,展览exhibition n.展览,陈列;展览会existence n.存在,实在;生存expansion n.扩大,扩充;扩张explode vt.使爆炸vi.爆炸exploit vt.剥削;利用;开拓explore vt.&vi.探险,探索explosion n.爆炸,爆发,炸裂explosive n.炸药a.爆炸的expose vt.使暴露;揭露exposure n.暴露;揭露;曝光express vt.表示n.快车,快递extension n.延长部分;伸展extensive a.广阔的;广泛的extent n.广度;范围;程度exterior a.外部的;对外的external a.外部的,外面的extraordinary a.非同寻常的,特别的extreme a.极度的;尽头的eyesight n.视力,目力fabric n.织物,纺织品;结构facility n.设备;容易;便利factor n.因素;因子,系数faculty n.才能,能力;系,科fade vi.褪色;逐渐消失faint a.微弱的;虚弱的fair n.定期集市;博览会fairly ad.相当;公平地fame n.名声,名望famine n.饥荒;严重的缺乏fare n.车费,船费,票价farewell int.再会n.告别fashionable a.流行的,时髦的fast a.快的;偏快的ad.快fasten vt.扎牢,扣住fatal a.致命的;命运的fate n.命运,天数fatigue n.疲劳,劳累faulty a.有错误的,有缺点的favour n.好感;赞同;恩惠favourable a.有利的;赞成的feasible a.可行的;可能的feature n.特征,特色;面貌federal a.联邦的;联盟的feedback n.回授,反馈,反应feeling n.感情;感觉,知觉fellow n.人,家伙;伙伴fence n.栅栏fertile a.肥沃的;多产的fertilizer n.肥料fetch vt.拿来;请来,接去fibre n.纤维,纤维质fiction n.小说;虚构,杜撰fierce a.凶猛的,狂热的figure n.数字;外形;人物file n.档案vt.把…归档fill vt.装满,盛满;占满filter vt.过滤n.滤纸flame n.火焰;光辉;热情flavour n.味,味道;风味fleet n.舰队;船队,机群flesh n.肉,肌肉;肉体flexible a.易弯曲的;灵活的flight n.航班;飞行;逃跑float vi.漂浮vt.使漂浮flock n.羊群,群;大量flourish vi.繁荣,茂盛,兴旺flow vi.流动;飘垂;涨潮fluent a.流利的,流畅的fluid n.流体,液体focus vi.聚焦,注视n.焦点fog n.雾;烟雾,尘雾fold vt.折叠;合拢n.褶folk n.人们,家属,亲属footstep n.脚步;脚步声;足迹forehead n.额头,前部forge n. 熔炉,铁工厂vt. 打制,锻造,伪造fork n.餐叉;叉;分叉formula n.公式,式forth ad.向前;向外,往外fortnight n.两星期,十四天fortunate a.幸运的,侥幸的fortunately ad.幸运地,幸亏foundation n.基础;地基;基金fountain n.泉水,喷泉;源泉fox n.狐狸;狡猾的人fraction n.小部分;片断;分数fragment n.碎片,破片,碎块frame n.框架,框子;构架framework n.框架,构架,结构frank a.坦白的,直率的freeze vi.冻;结冻vt.使结冰freight n.货运;货物;运费frequency n.屡次;次数;频率frequent a.时常发生的;经常的friction n.摩擦,摩擦力frighten vt.使惊恐,吓唬frog n.蛙frontier n.边境;边疆;新领域frost n.冰冻,严寒;霜frown vi.皱眉,蹙额fruitful a.多产的;肥沃的fry vt.油煎,油炸,油炒fuel n.燃料vt.给…加燃料fulfil vt.履行;满足;完成function n.功能;职务;函数fund n.资金;基金;存款fundamental a.基础的,基本的funeral n.葬礼,丧礼,丧葬funny a.古怪的;滑稽的furnace n.炉子,熔炉;鼓风炉furnish vt.供应,提供;装备furniture n.家具;装置,设备furthermore ad.而且,此外gallon n.加仑garage n.车库;加油站garden n.花园,菜园;公园gardener n.园丁,花匠gaseous a.气体的,气态的gasoline n.(美)汽油gauge vt.量,测量n.量器gay a.快乐的;鲜明的generate vt.发生;引起;生殖generator n.发电机;发生者generous a.慷慨的;宽厚的genius n.天才,天赋,天资gentle a.和蔼的;轻柔的genuine a.真的;真正的geography n.地理,地理学geometry n.几何,几何学germ n.微生物,细菌,幼芽gesture n.姿势,手势;姿态ghost n.鬼,灵魂;鬼魂giant n.巨人;巨物glance vi.看一下n.一瞥glass n.玻璃;玻璃杯glimpse vt.瞥见n.一瞥,一看globe n.地球,世界;地界仪glorious a.光荣的;壮丽的glory n.光荣;荣誉的事glow n.白热光vi.发白热光glue n.胶,胶水vt.胶合goat n.山羊goose n.鹅,雌鹅governor n.州长;主管人员grace n.优美,文雅;雅致grade vt.给…分等级n.等级gradual a.逐渐的;渐进的grain n.谷物,谷粒;颗粒grammatical a.语法上的gramme n. 克grand a.宏伟的;重大的grant n.授给物vt.授予graph n.(曲线)图,图表grateful a.感激的;令人愉快的gratitude a.感激,感谢,感恩grave n.坟墓a.严重的gravity n.重力,引力;严重性gray a.灰色的n.灰色great a.大的;伟大的greedy a.贪吃的;贪婪的Greek a.希腊的n.希腊人green a.绿色的n.绿色grey a.灰色的n.灰色grind vt.磨(碎);磨快grip vt.握紧,抓牢n.紧握grocer n.食品商;杂货商gross a.总的;严重的guard vt.守卫;看守n.卫兵guidance n.引导,指导,领导guilty a.内疚的;有罪的gulf n.海湾gum n.口香糖;树胶gym n.体育馆,健身房gymnasium n.体育馆,健身房halt vi.停止;立定n.停住hammer n.锤,榔头vt.锤击handle n.柄,把手vt.拿,触harbour n.海港,港口vt.庇护harden vt.使变硬vi.变硬hardship n.艰难,困苦hardware n.五金器具;硬件harm n.伤害,损害vt.损害harmony n.调合,协调,和谐harness vt.治理n.马具,挽具harsh a.严厉的;刺耳的hatred n.憎恶,憎恨,仇恨hay n.干草hazard n.危险;公害headquarters n.司令部;总部heap n.(一)堆;大量heat n.热,炎热vi.变热heaven n.天堂;天,天空hedge n.篱笆,树篱;障碍物heel n.脚后跟,踵,后跟height n.高,高度;高处helicopter n.直升机hell n.地狱;极大的痛苦hence ad.因此,所以;今后herd n.兽群,牧群vt.放牧heroic a.英雄的;英勇的hesitate vi.犹豫,踌躇;含糊highway n.公路;大路hillside n.(小山)山腰,山坡hollow a.空的;空洞的holy a.神圣的;圣洁的honourable a.诚实的;光荣的hook n.钩,挂钩vt.钩住horizon n.地平线;眼界,见识horizontal a.地平的;水平的horn n.号角;警报器;角horror n.恐怖;战栗;憎恶horsepower n.马力hostile a.敌方的;不友善的humble a.谦逊的;地位低下的humorous a.富于幽默的,诙谐的hundred num.百,百个n.许多hut n.小屋,棚屋hydrogen n.氢identical a.完全相同的;同一的identify vt.认出,识别,鉴定idle a.空闲的;懒散的ignorant a.不知道的;无知的illegal a.不合法的,非法的illustrate vt.(用图等)说明illustration n.说明,图解;例证imitate vt.模仿,仿效;仿制immense a.巨大的;极好的immigrant n.移民a.移民的impact n.影响,作用;冲击impatient a.不耐烦的,急躁的implication n.含义,暗示,暗指import vt.&n.输入,进口importance n.重要;重要性important a.重要的;有势力的impose vt.把…强加;征(税) impossible a.不可能的,办不到的impress vt.给…深刻印象impression n.印;印象;印记impressive a.给人印象深刻的incline n.斜坡vt.使倾斜index n.索引;指数;指标indicate vt.标示,表示;表明indication n.指示;表示;表明indifferent a.冷漠的;不积极的indirect a.间接的;不坦率的indispensable a.必不可少的,必需的individual a.个别的;独特的indoors ad.在室内,在屋里industrial a.工业的;产业的industrialize vt.使工业化inevitable a.不可避免的,必然的infant n.婴儿a.婴儿的infect vt.传染;感染infer vt.推论,推断;猜想inferior a.下等的;劣等的infinite a.无限的;无数的influential a.有影响的;有权势的inform vt.通知,向…报告information n.消息,信息;通知inhabitant n.居民,住户inherit vt.继承(传统等)initial a.最初的;词首的injection n.注射,注入;充满injure vt.伤害,损害,损伤injury n.损害,伤害;受伤处ink n.墨水,油墨inn n.小旅店;小酒店innocent a.清白的,幼稚的input n.输入;投入的资金inquire vt.打听,询问;调查inquiry n.询问,打听;调查insect n.昆虫,虫insert vt.插入; 嵌入; 登载inside prep.在…里面n.内部insist vi.坚持;坚持要求inspect vt.检查,审查;检阅inspire vt.鼓舞;给…以灵感install vt.安装,设置installation n.安装;装置;设施instance n.例子,实例,事例instant n.瞬间a.立即的instead ad.代替,顶替;反而instinct n.本能;直觉;生性institute n.研究所;学院institution n.协会;制度,习俗instruct vt.教;指示;通知instruction n.命令;教学;教训instrument n.仪器;工具;乐器insult vt.&n.侮辱,凌辱insurance n.保险;保险费insure vt.给…保险;确保intellectual n.知识分子a.智力的intelligence n.智力;理解力;情报intelligent a.聪明的;理智的intend vt.想要,打算;意指intense a.强烈的;紧张的intensity n.强烈,剧烈;强度intensive a.加强的;精耕细作的intention n.意图,意向,目的interaction n.相互作用;干扰interfere vi.干涉,干预;妨碍interference n.干涉,干预;阻碍interior a.内的;内地的n.内部intermediate a.中间的;中级的internal a.内的;国内的international a.国际的,世界(性)的interpret vt.解释,说明;口译interpretation n.解释;口译interrupt vt.打断,打扰;中止interval n.间隔;休息;间距intimate a.亲密的;个人的introduction n.介绍;引进;引言invade vt.入侵,侵略;侵袭invasion n.入侵,侵略;侵犯investigate vt.&vi.调查investment n.投资,投资额,投入invisible a.看不见的,无形的invitation n.邀请,招待;请柬involve vt.使卷入;牵涉inward a.里面的ad.向内iron n.铁;烙铁vt.烫(衣) isolate vt.使隔离,使孤立issue n.问题;发行vt.发行jam n.果酱jam vt.使塞满;使堵塞jar n.罐子,坛子,广口瓶jaw n.颌,颚jazz n.爵士音乐,爵士舞曲jealous a.妒忌的;猜疑的jet n.喷气式飞机;喷嘴jewel n.宝石;宝石饰物joint n.接头,接缝;关节jungle n.丛林,密林,莽丛junior a.年少的n.晚辈jury n.陪审团;评奖团just ad.刚才;只是;正好justice n.正义,公正;司法justify vt.证明…是正当的keen a.热心的;激烈的kettle n.水壶,水锅knee n.膝,膝盖,膝关节kneel vi.跪,跪下,跪着knot n.(绳的)结,(树的)节label n.标签;标记,符号lag vi.走得慢n.落后landlord n.地主;房东,店主lane n.(乡间)小路;跑道lap n.膝部;一圈largely ad.大部分;大量地laser n.激光launch vt.发射,投射;发动laundry n.洗衣房,洗衣店lavatory n.盥洗室,厕所law n.法律,法令;法则lawn n.草地,草坪,草场lawyer n.律师;法学家lay vt.置放;铺设;设置layer n.层,层次;铺设者layout n.布局,安排,设计league n.同盟,联盟;联合会leak vi.漏;泄露n.漏洞lean vi.倾斜,屈身;靠leather n.皮革;皮革制品leisure n.空闲时间;悠闲lens n.透镜,镜片;镜头lessen vt.减少,减轻;缩小lest conj.惟恐,以免lever n.杆,杠杆;控制杆liable a.易于…的;可能的liberal a.心胸宽大的;慷慨的liberate vt.解放;释放liberty n.自由;释放;许可librarian n.图书馆馆长library n.图书馆;藏书license n.许可;执照vt.准许lid n.盖子,盖,囊盖likewise ad.同样地;也,又limb n.肢,臂,翼;树枝lime n.石灰liquor n.酒;溶液,液剂liver n.肝;肝脏loan n.贷款;暂借vt.借出locate vt.探明,找出,查出lodge vi.暂住,借宿,投宿log n.原木,木料loop n.圈,环,环孔lord n.贵族;上帝,基督lorry n.运货汽车,卡车lump n.团,块;肿块mad a.发疯的;恼火的magic n.魔法,巫术;戏法magnet n.磁铁,磁石,磁体magnetic a.磁的,有吸引力的magnificent n.壮丽的;华丽的maid n.女佣,女仆;少女maintenance n.维持,保持;维修manual a.体力的n.手册manufacture vt.制造n.制造;产品manufacturer n.制造商;制造厂march vi.行军;游行示威margin n.页边的空白;边缘marine a.海的;海上的mark n.斑点;记号vt.标明marriage n.结婚,婚姻;婚礼marvelous a.奇迹般的;了不起的Marxist a.马克思主义的mask n.面具;伪装vt.掩饰mass n.众多;团;群众mat n.席子;草席;垫子match n.比赛,竞赛;对手match n.(一根)火柴mate n.伙伴,同事;配偶mathematical a.数学的,数学上的mathematics n.数学mayor n.市长mean vt.作…解释;意指mean a.自私的;吝啬的mean a.平均的n.平均值means n.方法,手段,工具meantime n.其时,其间ad.当时meanwhile ad.同时,当时measurement n.衡量,测量;尺寸mechanic n.技工,机械,机修工mechanical a.机械的;力学的mechanics n.力学;技术性细节medicine n.内服药;医学medium n.媒质;中间a.中等的melt vi.融化vt.使融化memorial a.纪念的;记忆的memory n.记忆;回忆;存储menu n.菜单;饭菜,菜肴merchant n.商人;零售商mercury n.水银,汞Mercury n.水星mercy n.仁慈,慈悲,恩惠mere a.仅仅的;纯粹的merely ad.仅仅,只不过merit n.长处,优点;功过meter n.计量器,计,表metric a.公制的,米制的microscope n.显微镜might n.力量,威力,能力mild a.和缓的;温柔的mile n.英里military a.军事的;军人的mill n.磨坊;制造厂millimetre n.毫米minimum n.最小量a.最小的minister n.部长,大臣;公使ministry n.(政府的)部minor a.较小的;较次要的minority n.少数;少数民族minus a.负的prep.减(去) minute a.微细的;详细的miracle n.奇迹,令人惊奇的人miserable a.痛苦的,悲惨的mislead vt.使误入岐途miss vt.未看到;惦念missile n.发射物;导弹missing a.缺掉的,失去的mist n.薄雾mix vt.使混合,混淆mixture n.混合;混合物mobile a.运动的;流动的mode n.方式,样式moderate a.温和的;有节制的modern a.现代的,近代的modest a.有节制的;谦虚的modify vt.更改,修改;修饰moist a.湿润的;多雨的moisture n.潮湿,湿气;温度molecule n.分子,克分子monitor n.班长;监视器monument n.纪念碑;纪念馆mood n.心情,情绪;语气moral a.道德的;合乎道德的mosquito n.蚊子motion n.运动;手势;提议motivate vt.促动;激励,激发motive n.动机,目的mould n.模子,模型vt.浇铸mount vt.登上,爬上n.…山mountain n.山,山岳;山脉mouse n.鼠,耗子mud n.软泥,泥浆multiple a.复合的;并联的multiply vt.使增加;乘murder n.&vi.谋杀,凶杀muscle n.肌肉,肌;体力musical a.音乐的;和谐的musician n.音乐家;作曲家mutual a.相互的;共同的mysterious a.神秘的;难以理解的mystery n.神秘;神秘的事物naked a.裸体的;无遮敝的namely ad.即,也就是naval n.海军的,军舰的navigation n.航行;航海术;导航neat a.整洁的;熟练的necessarily ad.必然,必定necessity n.必要性;必然性needle n.针,缝补,编织针negative a.否定的;消极的neglect vt.忽视,忽略;疏忽Negro n.黑人neighbour n.邻居,邻国,邻人neighbourhood n.邻居关系;邻近nephew n.侄子,外甥nerve n.神经;勇敢,胆量nervous a.神经的;易激动的nest n.巢,窝,穴net n.网,网状物;通信网network n.网状物;网络neutral a.中立的;中性的niece n.侄女,外甥女nitrogen n.氮noble a.贵族的;高尚的nonsense n.胡说,废话nuclear a.原子核的;核心的nucleus n.核,核心;(原子)核nuisance n.讨厌的东西nursery n.托儿所;苗圃nut n.坚果,干果;螺母nylon n.尼龙,耐纶object vi.反对;抱反感objection n.反对,异议;不喜欢objective a.客观的;无偏见的oblige vt.迫使;施恩惠于observation n.注意;观察;观察力observe vt.遵守;看到;说observer n.观察员,观测者obstacle n.障碍,障碍物,妨害occupation n.占领,占据;职业occurrence n.发生,出现;事件offend vt.冒犯vi.犯过错omit vt.省略,省去;遗漏opera n.歌剧operate vi.操作;施行手术operation n.操作;手术;运算。
专业四级考试词汇语法详解
专业四级考试词汇语法详解英语的演变是一个很有意思的过程,四级英语中有很多词汇都是有很有意思的“背景”,那么关于它们究竟是怎么样的,又该如何使用呢? 我们一起来看看,以下是小编给大家整理的专业四级考试词汇语法详解,希望可以帮到大家1. c)「句意」公众能否将兔肉接受为比较经济的蛋白质来源要看生产者如何去销售。
?「难点」depend on 后面加一个从句,从句语序应为陈述语序。
?2. d)「句意」这些苹果你千万不要吃,可能没熟。
?「难点」in case意为“如果,万一,若”,适合本句逻辑关系。
3. b)「句意」虽然发生在发达国家的事情听起来像科幻小说,但也可能发生在世界上其它地区。
?「难点」what引导的从句作为主语,同时,what又是从句的主语。
4. c)「句意」我们最信任的就是他。
?「难点」用来代替“he”的是“who”,who前面有介词的时候要改为宾格whom.5. c)「句意」由于我们用不着着急,我们选择了那条长而风景优美的路线。
「难点」a)错,因为没有go route 的搭配。
b)错,主语应该是being in no great hurry 的主语we.d)错,原因同b)。
?6. b)「句意」两个答案都不正确。
?「难点」neither意为“二者无一”,后接单数谓语动词。
?7. a)「句意」他病了,而我只是有点儿累。
「难点」whereas连接两个句子,又含有转折的意思。
?8. c)「句意」她很有钱,而且很漂亮。
?「难点」what is more是习惯用语,意为“另外,而且”。
?9. d)「句意」不管怎么说,因为你父亲你才有今天。
?「难点」say what you like 意为“不管怎么说”。
?10. d)「句意」是你铺的床,你就要躺在上面(自作自受)。
?「难点」as…so…意为“像…那样,…也就…”。
?11. c)「句意」如果读书不是为了消磨时间而是为了获取知识,那么你必须积极去读。
?「难点」pass意为“消磨”;waste意为“浪费”;spend意为“花费”;idle 意为“虚度”,与away连用。
英语专四词汇与语法部分讲解
目录
CONTENTS
Vocabulary section Syntactic component The combination of vocabulary and grammar Vocabulary and Grammar in the TEM-4 Exam Suggestions for improving vocabulary and grammar abilities Summary and Outlook
03
The combination of vocabulary and grammar
CHAPTER
Choosing and matching vocabulary is an important aspect of combining vocabulary and grammar in the English Proficiency Test Band 4.
Detailed description
The combination of vocabulary and grammar is the key to language use.
Summary
Detailed description
Candidates not only need to master a certain amount of English vocabulary, understand the fixed combinations and common phrases of vocabulary, but also need to master basic grammar knowledge and be able to choose the correct grammar form to construct sentences according to the context. At the same time, candidates also need to pay attention to the practical use of language and improve their language expression ability. In the English Proficiency Test Band 4, the examination of vocabulary and grammar is not limited to multiple-choice and fill in the blank questions, but also involves multiple aspects such as reading, writing, and translation. Therefore, candidates need to focus on accumulating vocabulary and grammar knowledge in their daily learning, engage in more reading, writing, and translation exercises, and improve their language proficiency.
专四语法详细归纳
2. 以-s结尾的名词做主语的主谓一致 • 疾病名词: 单数:arthritis关节炎,bronchitis支气管炎,rickets软骨病,mumps 腮腺炎,diabetes糖尿病 可作单数也可作复数: rickets软骨病,measles麻疹 • 游戏名称一般做单数,表示游戏所用镖等意义时用复数 Darts投镖,marbles打弹子游戏 Cards用复数:Cards are not allowed here. • 地理名称 国名用单数 群山、海峡、瀑布用复数 The Himalayas have a magnificent variety of plant and animal life. • Scissors, glasses, shorts, trousers一类词单独使用用复数,加上单 位词,如a pair of 由单位词单、复数决定 • -ings结尾的名词一般用复数 The clippings of the hedges are usually hurt. • 特例(见语法P33) The only means to achieve success is to appeal to arms. All means have been tried out to increase agricultural production.
4.并列结构作主语时的主谓一致 Egg and milk is a good breakfast. (这里的鸡蛋和牛奶都指 一顿早饭,不可分割)
Fish and chips(炸鱼土豆片 ) is a popular supper here. • 当and连接的并列名词词组带有each, every或者many a 等限定词时,随后动词常用单数 Many a man and woman in this community finds himself or herself in need. Every boy and girl in the class is given a copy of the photo. • 主语后跟有由as much as, rather than, more than, no less than, as well as, in addition to, with, along with, together with, except等引导的结构或词组,取决于主 语本身形式。
专四语法第6节-介词板块
介词介词是用于名词、名词词组或相当于名词词组的结构之前,表示词语之间意义关系的词类。
介词能和不同的词语搭配,表示不同的意义。
按照其结构,可大致将其划分为三类:简单介词、双重介词和短语介词。
介词和介词短语一起构成的短语在句子中可作表语、状语、定语、补语等。
而按照其在句子中的语义关系,可表示时间、原因、方式、让步、条件、对比、伴随、地点、目的等。
介词虽然是虚词,但仍然值得学习,英语之所以丰富、灵活,与其多变的介词使用不无关系,学生在专四备考的过程中,也应该注意到这一考点。
1. What a nice day! How about the three of us _____ a walk in the park nearby?A. to takeB. takeC. takingD. to be taken2. The Clarks haven’t decided yet which hotel______.A. to stayB. is to stayC. to stay atD. is for staying3. Which of the following prepositional phrases can function as an adverbial?A. Despite the rain, everyone enjoyed the trip.B. The man with a beard is talking to the manager.C. Every precaution was taken against the failure of the plan.D. Are you sur e of Simon’s disappearance?4. Which of the following italicized phrases indicates purpose?A. She said it for fun, but others took her seriously.B. For all its effort, the team didn’t win the match.C. Linda has worked for the firm for twenty years.D. He set out for Beijing yesterday.5. Which of the following prepositional phrases is an adverbial of concession?A. They used the box for keeping treasures.B. I stepped aside for her to get in first.C. For all that he seems to dislike me, I still like him.D. The parents bought a birthday cake for their son.6. Which of the following italicized phrases indicates CAUSE?A. Why don’t you do it for the sake of your friends?B. I wish I could write as well as you.C. For all his efforts, he didn’t get an A.D. Her eyes were red from excessive reading.7. _______, he is ready to accept suggestions from different sources.A. Instead of his contributionsB. For all his notable contributionsC. His making notable contributionsD. However his notable contributions8. The scenery here is _______ description. It’s very beautiful.A. underB. beyondC. withoutD. over9. He will leave for Europe _____ the Eve of Christmas.A. inB. onC.atD. with10. It is _____no use to reason with that rude person.A. forB. ofC. withD. by11. _______ his cold, his still attend the meeting.A. RegardlessB. HoweverC. Even althoughD. Despite12. _____ all probability nobody would have complained if Mary had not told the neighbors about it.A. ToB. InC. ForD. At13. The police let him go, because they didn’t find him guilty _______ the murder.A. ofB. inC. overD. on14. This question admits ______ several answers.A. forB. withC. ofD. to15. Please dispose ______ those old newspapers while you’re cleaning up the room.A. outB. ofC. awayD. in16. They had a pleasant chat _____ a cup of coffee.A. forB. withC. duringD. over17. The membership card entitled him ______ certain privileges in the club.A. onB. inC. atD. to18. I was very much put _____ by Mark’s rude behavior; it really annoyed me.A. overB. offC. upD. by19. Nowadays advertising costs are no longer in reasonable ____ to the total cost of the product.A. proportionB. correlationC. connectionD. correspondence20. The album might have ___ had it been less expensive.A. worked outB. fallen throughC. caught onD. fitted in21. Her suggestion is that you’d better make allowances____ the expense.A. ofB. forC. intoD. about22. When we entered the classroom, the little girl was still absorbed_____ her study.A. forB. onC. atD. in23. Due to efforts of conservationists, few people are ignorant _____ the problems of endangered species.A. aboutB. ofC. onD. with24. My sister likes eating very much but she isn’t ____ about the food she eats.A. specialB. peculiarC. particularD. unusual25. Like other residents, both Tom and Jerry pride themselves_____ their ability to know all the parts of this city.A. ofB. inC. onD. for26. Stressful environments lead to unhealthy behaviors such as poor eating habits, which _____ increase the risk of heart disease.A. by turnsB. in returnC. by chanceD. in turn27.Watching me pulling the calf awkwardly to the barn, the Irish milkmaid fought hard to ___ her laughter.A. hold backB. hold onC. hold outD. hold up28. Dr. Mary’s talk was generally received, but as for the statistics she____, I don’t think of all of them wereup-to-date.A. referred toB. related toC. adjusted toD. appealed to29. Many of the scientists and engineers are judged_____ how great their achievements are.A. in spite ofB. in ways ofC. in favor ofD. in terms of30. I am surprised that the film should appeal_____ people from all walks of life.A. toB. forC. withD. on31. We should divide all the potatoes____ two piles and separated the good ones _____ the bad ones.A. from; byB. into; fromC. into; intoD. from; into32. The young singer is quite popular _____ the public. She’s made a remarkable achievement____ a girl of herage.A. with; toB. to; for C.with; for D. for; to33. The weather this month has been good ________ .A. on the wholeB. generally speakingC. above allD. on one hand34. After finishing middle school, my sister did nothing____ at home.A. but to readB. but readC. besides readingD. except to read35. They held a ceremony ________ those killed in the battle.A. in honor ofB. instead ofC. in favor ofD. by means of36. Write your name and address on your bag ________ you lose it.A. in any caseB. in caseC. in no caseD. in that case37. He is running_____ the wind towards the east of the station_______ Tom running____ the right.A. down; and; onB. against; with; onC. for; with; inD. with; while; to38. What we expect from you is working hard______ hardly working.A. less thanB. rather thanC. as well asD. as much as39. Our club is open to everyone ______ age, sex or educational background.A. due toB. except forC. along withD. regardless of40. Check carrots, potatoes, onions and any other vegetables ______ and immediately use or throw away any whichshow signs of rotting.A. in demandB. in storeC. on loanD. on sale41. Tom always goes jogging in the morning and he usually does push-ups too to stay______.A. in placeB. in orderC. in shapeD. in fashion42. ______ the school, the village has a clinic, which was also built with government support.A. In reply toB. In addition toC. In charge ofD. In place of43. While staying in the village, James unselfishly shared whatever he had with the village without asking foranything______.A. in returnB. in commonC. in turnD. in place44. It is unbelievable that Mr. Lucas leads a simple life ______ his great wealth.A. withoutB. despiteC. inD. to45. Mrs. Smith finds it hard to clear up the mess, as her children are always____ whenever she tries toA. in the wayB. on watchC. in sightD. on the line46. An artist who was recently traveling on a ferry to the southern island discovered_____ a long lost antique Greekvase.A. at randomB. by chanceC. in turnD. on occasion47. I am always delighted when I receive an email from you. ______ the party on July 1st shall be pleased to attend.A. On account ofB. In response toC. In view ofD. With regard to48. — I'm looking for a nearby place for my holiday. Do you have any good idea?— How about the Moon Lake? It is ______ easy reach of the city.A. byB. beyondC. withinD. from49. When will Britain ___ Japan in industrial production?A. catch up withB. catch up onC. catch up inD. catch up to50. It will be a great help if you go to the store and get what we need for dinner. ______, I will set the table.A. As a resultB. On the wholeC. In the meanwhileD. As a matter of fact。
专四词汇讲解
YOUNG LAU
4
• .change : 指任何变化,完全改变,强调与 原先的情况有明显的不同。 • Flyovers have changed the face of the city. • (立交桥改变了城市的面貌。)
• alter 所表示的“改变”只是细节的,或外表的变化,并不表示本质的改 变。 • 如:把一件衣服改小一些或只把衣袖稍放肥一些,但衣服的式样仍然不变, • 它还可以表示改变计划,现状,生态,习惯,倾向,结果,历史进程,主 意等 • Can you alter this suit for me? • 你可以为我修改这套衣服吗? The contract does not alter the status quo. • 合同不能改变现状。 • Pollution can alter the ecology of an area. • 污染会改变一个地区的生态。
• • • • • • • • • 1. Attendance at evening prayers is not compulsory. 参加晚祷并非硬性规定。 2. Attendance at my lectures has fallen off considerably. 听我讲课的人已大大减少了。 3. Attendance at the concert was very poor. 那次音乐体上,小的接在大 的上面,活动的接在固定的上面。 associate指人与人友好和平、平等地联合 在一起;用于物时,指两事物因历史或其 它原因,很自然被人们联系在一起,即产 生联想。 relate指人与人有亲戚或婚烟关系;也指人 或物之间尚存的实际或假想的联系。
17
• Differ in; • be different in 在..不同
(完整word版)英语专业四级考试语法汇总(word文档良心出品)
独立主格结构独立主格结构(Independent Genitive)有两部分组成,前一部份是名词或者代词,后一部分是非谓语动词(不定式、动名词和分词)或形容词、副词、或介词短语。
前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。
独立主格结构在句中做状语,多用于书面语。
独立主格结构本身不是句子,在句子中作状语,表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。
非谓语动词作状语,其逻辑主语须与主句主语保持一致。
若不一致,非谓语动词形式须另带主语,从而构成复合结构的形式作状语。
这种结构称为“独立结构”。
其中,非谓语动词主动用现在分词,被动用过去分词。
非谓语动词及其短语前面带有逻辑主语,逻辑主语的代词又是主格,故常称为“独立主格”。
“独立结构”在句中起状语作用,相当于状语从句,表示时间、原因、条件、方式或伴随等情况。
功能独立主格结构主要用于描绘性文字中,其作用相当于一个状语从句,常用来表示时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随情况等。
例如:表示时间The meeting being over, all of us went home. 开完会后我们都回家了。
Her work being done, she sat down for a cup of tea. 她干完了活,坐下来喝茶。
表示条件The condition being favorable, he may succeed. 若条件有利,他或许能成功。
表示原因There being no taxis, we had to walk. 没有出租车,我们只好步行。
He wrapped her up with great care, the night being dark and frosty. 夜又黑又冷,所以他把她裹得严严实实的。
表示伴随情况Almost all metals are good conductors, silver being the best of all. 几乎所有的金属都是良导体,而银则是最好的导体。
(英语专业四级语法(考点)全版.ppt
新版课件
25
真题举例:
1.It is absolutely essential that William continue his study in spite of some learning difficulties.(07,65)
John is less bright than Bob.
新版课件
5
用法: 1.主语不同,比较项目相同。
This parcel is as heavy as that one. 2. 主语相同,比较项目不同。 The girl was as brilliant as she was beautiful.
The present crisis is much more a political than an economic crisis.
当前的危机与其说是经济危机,不如说是政治危机
此用法也可用于less…than…结构,但得出相反的 含义。
The present crisis is much less a political than
新版课件
13
3.no more …than (=not…any more than) 两者一样都不
A whale is no more a fish than a horse is.
鲸不是鱼,如同马不是鱼一样。
Fat cannot change into muscle any more than muscle changes into fat.(99.44)
should do / were to do
17
英语专业四级(专四)词语辨析大全,还挺有用的!
英语专业四级(专四)词语辨析大全,还挺有用的!abandon, desert, forsake, leave, give up这些动词或词组均含“抛弃、放弃”之意abandon: 强调永远或完全放弃或抛弃人或事物等,这可能是被迫的,也可能是自愿的。
desert: 着重指违背法律责任和义务,或自己的信仰与誓言的行为,多含非难的意味。
forsake: 侧重断绝感情上的依恋,自愿抛弃所喜欢的人或物。
也指抛弃信仰或改掉恶习。
leave: 普通用词,指舍弃某事或某一职业,或终止同一某人的关系,但不涉及动机与果。
give up: 普通用语,侧重指没有希望或因外界压力而放弃。
ability, capacity, capability, genius, talent, competence, faculty, gift, aptitude 这些名词均可表示人的“能力,才能”之意。
ability: 普通用词,指人先天的或学来的各种能力。
capacity: 侧重指人的潜在能力,通常不指体力,多指才智,尤指接受与领悟能力。
capability: 多用于人,指胜任某项具体工作的能力,也指本身具有、尚未发挥的潜在能力。
常与of或for连用。
genius: 语气最强,指天赋的高度才能与智力。
talent: 着重指人某方面具有可发展和倍养的突出天赋才能,但语意比genius弱。
competence: 正式用词,侧重指令人满意的业务能力与水平,达到胜任某项工作等的要求。
faculty: 指特殊的才能或智力。
gift: 着重个人的天赋的才能或在某方面的显著本领,常暗含不能用一般规律作解释的意味。
aptitude: 多指先天或后天习得的运用自如的能力,常暗示接受能力强,能迅速掌握一种学术训练或艺术技巧。
able, capable, competent这些形容词均含有“有能力的,能干的”之意able: 最常用词,多用于褒义,着重指多方面的,经常性的,或潜在性的能力。
最新2020年6月大学英语四级重点语法知识精选全文
可编辑修改精选全文完整版【篇一】2020年6月大学英语四级重点语法知识结果状语从句常由so… that 或such…that引导;so保留,that可以省略;如此……以至于……;eg:He didn't abide by the contract so that he was fined.He was so excited that he couldn't fall asleep.He made such an inspiring speech that everybody got excited.比较:so和 such(1)so:so +形容词、副词+that;so+形容词+a/an+名词+that;eg:The wind was so strong that we could hardly move forward.He run so fast that I couldn't catch up with him.It was so hot a day that crops wilted.He is so lovely a boy that everyone loves him.(2)such:such+a/an+形容词+名词+thateg:It was such a hot day that crops wilted.He is such a lovely boy that everyone loves him.【篇二】2020年6月大学英语四级重点语法知识可以由that,so that,in order that,lest,for fear that,in case 等词引导;lest:以防,从句中的谓语动词必须用should+动词原形;eg: He wrote the name down for fear that(lest) he should forget it.He took the umbrella with him lest it should rain.in case:以防,与lest不同,从句里的时态不做特殊变化;eg:Take the umbrella with you in case it rains.for feat that:和lest保持一致;eg:A variety of activities should be organized so that participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to something else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants down.let…down…:让……感到气馁。
英语专业四级语法复习要点
英语专业四级语法复习要点一、名词名词是英语八大词类之一,用来表示人、动物、事物、地点等具体或抽象的事物。
名词有可数名词和不可数名词之分。
1. 可数名词可数名词可以用一个数词或代数词表示单数或复数。
需要注意以下几个要点:- 单数名词通常可以在前面加上不定冠词"a"或"an"表示单数,例如:a book(一本书)。
- 复数名词通常可以在前面加上不定冠词"some"或"any"表示复数,例如:some books(一些书)。
- 有些名词的复数形式与单数形式相同,例如:deer(鹿)和sheep (羊)。
- 有些名词的复数形式要加上"-s",例如:books(书)和cats(猫)。
- 有些名词的复数形式要加上"-es",例如:watches(手表)和boxes(盒子)。
2. 不可数名词不可数名词通常表示抽象概念、物质、液体等无法具体计数的事物。
以下是一些常见的不可数名词:- information(信息)- water(水)- milk(牛奶)- money(钱)- knowledge(知识)- advice(建议)- weather(天气)二、代词代词用来代替名词,起到替代作用。
根据具体使用情况,代词可分为不同类型。
1. 人称代词人称代词用来代替人或事物的人称,分为主格和宾格两种形式:- 主格:I(我)、you(你/您)、he(他)、she(她)、it(它)、we(我们)、they(他们/她们/它们)- 宾格:me(我)、you(你/您)、him(他)、her(她)、it (它)、us(我们)、them(他们/她们/它们)2. 物主代词物主代词用来表示所属关系,分为形容词性和名词性两种类型:- 形容词性物主代词:my(我的)、your(你/您的)、his(他的)、her(她的)、its(它的)、our(我们的)、their(他们/她们/它们的)- 名词性物主代词:mine(我的)、yours(你/您的)、his(他的)、hers(她的)、its(它的)、ours(我们的)、theirs(他们/她们/它们的)3. 相互代词相互代词用来表示彼此关系,常用的相互代词有:- each other(彼此之间)- one another(彼此之间)三、动词动词是句子的核心,并用于表示行为、状态、存在等。
2021学年专业四级词汇语法详细解答40套
2021学年专业四级词汇语法详细解答40套Test Thirty One近义词辨析embarrass, puzzle, perplex, confuse, bewilder这组词皆有“使…困惑”的意思,都可作及物动词,常以无生命的词作主语;以有生命的词作主语时,常用被动语态。
embarrass指“使…困惑,使…窘迫,使…为难”,含有令人不快、为难和内心混乱的意味。
puzzle意为“使…迷惑”,指某一复杂的事件或困难难于被理解。
perplex指“使…疑惑”,和puzzle同义,但比puzzle更为庄重,还含有“使…杂乱,使…疑虑,使…不安,使…不知如何决定”的意思。
confuse指“使…混乱,使…糊涂”,强调使人因混淆而不知所措。
bewilder“使…混乱,使…着慌,使…发愣”,语气最重,表示糊涂到无法思考的地步。
It embarrasses me even to think about my foolish behavior.哪怕是想一想我愚蠢的行为,我都感到困窘不安。
Her illness has puzzled all the doctors.她的病把所有的医生都难住了。
I have been puzzling my brains about this question for weeks now.对这个问题我已经苦苦思索了几个星期了。
His strange behavior had greatly perplexed her.他奇怪的行为使她大为困惑。
We were perplexed to learn of your decision.我们听说了你们的决定,感到困惑不解。
They asked so many questions that they confused me (that I got confused).他们问了我很多问题,把我都给弄糊涂了。
Don’t confuse Austria with (and) Australia.不要把奥地利与澳大利亚弄混了。
专四语法词汇详解6-10
专四语法词汇详解6-10专四语法词汇详解6Test Six有关否定1)双重否定最常见的形式有:no(not)...but...没有……不……no(not)...without...没有……不,除……不no(not)...unless没有……就不……not...until直到……才……例如:There is no one but knows it.没有一个人不知道此事。
2)can not与副词too, enough, sufficiently, over, too much等词连用时,意为“无论怎样也不过分”,“越…越”。
例如:You cannot be too careful.你越仔细越好。
We cannot praise him too much.我们无论怎样赞扬他也不过分。
近义词辨析break, crack, crush, shatter, break, smash这组词均含有“打破”或“挤碎”的意思。
break是这组词中最常用的,指使某件东西破碎。
If you break that vase, you’ll have to pay for it.如果打破了那只花瓶,你就得赔偿。
crack指打裂某物,但不一定打碎,因而通常不会成为碎片。
You may crack these nuts with a hammer.你可以用锤子把这些坚果敲开。
crush强调挤压或踩的动作,毁坏程度取决于被压物的组织结构,或变形,或成小块,或可恢复原状。
To make wine, you first crush the grapes.若要造酒,需先将葡萄压碎。
shatter打破某物,力大到使碎片飞出很远,常指整件东西完全被毁。
The explosion shattered most of the windows in the building.爆炸震碎了那座大楼的大部分窗玻璃。
smash突出暴力,击打时动作较猛,被击打的东西往往完全报废。
2021年英语专四必备词汇短语语法大全
专四高频词汇1.alter v. 变化,改动,变更2.burst vi.,n. 突然发生,爆裂3.dispose vi. 除掉;处置;解决;解决(of)4.blast n. 爆炸;气流vi. 炸,炸掉5.consume v. 消耗,耗尽6.split v. 劈开;割裂;分裂 a.裂开7.spit v. 吐(唾液等);唾弃8.spill v. 溢出,溅出,倒出9.slip v. 滑动,滑落;忽视10.slide v. 滑动,滑落n. 滑动;滑面;幻灯片11.bacteria n. 细菌12.breed n. 种,品种v. 繁殖,产仔13.budget n. 预算v. 编预算,作安排14.candidate n. 候选人15.campus n. 校园16.liberal a. 慷慨;丰富;自由17.transform v. 转变,变革;变换18.transmit v. 传播,播送;传递19.transplant v. 移植20.transport vt. 运送,运送n.运送,运送工具21.shift v. 转移;转动;转变22.vary v. 变化,变化;使多样化23.vanish vi. 消灭,不见24.swallow v. 吞下,咽下n. 燕子25.suspicion n. 怀疑,疑心26.suspicious a. 怀疑,可疑d a. 温暖,暖和;温柔,味淡28.tender a. 温柔;脆弱29.nuisance n. 损害,妨害,讨厌(人或事物)30.insignificant a. 无意义,无足轻重;无价值31.accelerate vt. 加速,增进32.absolute a. 绝对,无条件;完全33.boundary n. 分界线,边界34.brake n. 刹车,制动器v. 刹住(车)35.catalog n. 目录(册)v. 编目36.vague a. 模糊,不明确37.vain n. 徒劳,白费38.extinct a. 绝灭,熄灭39.extraordinary a. 不寻常,特别,非凡40.extreme a. 极度,极端n. 极端,过度41.agent n. 代理人,代理商;动因,因素42.alcohol n. 含酒精饮料,酒精43.appeal n./vi. 呼吁,哀求44.appreciate vt. 注重,赏识,欣赏45.approve v. 赞成,批准,批准46.stimulate vt. 刺激,勉励47.acquire vt. 获得,获得;学到48.accomplish vt .完毕,到达;实行work n. 网状物;广播网,电视网;网络50.tide n. 潮汐;潮流51.tidy a. 整洁,整洁52.trace vt. 追踪,找到n. 痕迹,踪迹53.torture n./vt. 拷打,折磨54.wander vi. 漫游,闲逛55.wax n. 蜡56.weave v. 织,编57.preserve v. 保护,保存,保持,维持61. abuse v. 滥用,虐待;谩骂62. academic a. 学术;高等院校;研究院64. battery n. 电池(组)65. barrier n. 障碍;棚栏66. cargo n. (船、飞机等装载)货品67. career n. 生涯,职业68. vessel n. 船舶;容器,器皿;血管69. vertical a. 垂直70. oblige v. 迫使,责成;使感激71. obscure a. 阴暗,模糊72. extent n. 限度,范畴,大小,限度73. exterior n. 外部,外表a. 外部,外表74. external a. 外部,外表,外面75. petrol n. 汽油76. petroleum n. 石油77. delay vt./n. 推迟,延误,耽误78. decay vi. 腐烂,腐朽79. decent a. 像样,体面80. route n. 路;路线;航线81. ruin v. 毁坏,破坏n. 毁灭,[pl.]废墟82. sake n. 缘故,理由83. satellite n. 卫星84. scale n. 大小,规模;级别;刻85. temple n. 庙宇86. tedious a. 乏味道,单调,87. tend vi.易于,趋向88. tendency n.趋向,趋势89. ultimate a. 极端,最大,最后n. 极端90. undergo v. 经历,遭受91. abundant a. 丰富,充裕,大量92. adopt v. 收养;采用;采纳93. adapt vi. 适应,适合;改编,改写vt. 使适应94. bachelor n. 学士,学士学位;单身汉95. casual a. 偶尔,碰巧;暂时;非正式96. trap n. 陷阱,圈套v. 设陷阱捕获97. vacant a. 空,未占用98. vacuum n. 真空,真空吸尘器99. oral a. 口头,口述,口100. optics n. (单、复数同形)光学词组汇总(一)___基本篇。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
专四语法词汇详解6Test Six有关否定1)双重否定最常见的形式有:no(not)...but...没有……不……no(not)...without...没有……不,除……不no(not)...unless没有……就不……not...until直到……才……例如:There is no one but knows it.没有一个人不知道此事。
2)can not与副词too, enough, sufficiently, over, too much等词连用时,意为“无论怎样也不过分”,“越…越”。
例如:You cannot be too careful.你越仔细越好。
We cannot praise him too much.我们无论怎样赞扬他也不过分。
近义词辨析这组词均含有“打破”或“挤碎”的意思。
break是这组词中最常用的,指使某件东西破碎。
If you break that vase, you’ll have to pay for it.如果打破了那只花瓶,你就得赔偿。
crack指打裂某物,但不一定打碎,因而通常不会成为碎片。
You may crack these nuts with a hammer.你可以用锤子把这些坚果敲开。
crush强调挤压或踩的动作,毁坏程度取决于被压物的组织结构,或变形,或成小块,或可恢复原状。
To make wine, you first crush the grapes.若要造酒,需先将葡萄压碎。
shatter打破某物,力大到使碎片飞出很远,常指整件东西完全被毁。
The explosion shattered most of the windows in the building.爆炸震碎了那座大楼的大部分窗玻璃。
smash突出暴力,击打时动作较猛,被击打的东西往往完全报废。
He smashed the window with a brick.他用砖块击碎窗玻璃。
试题1.A. In spite ofB. That it isC. It was2. Our civilization cannot be thought of asA. to have been createdB. to be createdC. having been created3. We feel it is high time that the GovernmentA. didB. DoC.should do4. It has been proposed that we ____A.delayedB.delayC. can delay5. Hurricanes are severe cyclones with winds over seventyA. whichB. whoC. whereD. how to6.against smuggling and fraudulent activities in foA. WhatB. AsC. Which7. All the flights snowstorm, wehad to take the train instead.A. were canceledC. having canceled8. OnceA. it being completedB. it completed9. He might have been killedA. but forB. except forC. besides10.If you have never planted anything, you won’t be able to know the pleasure of watching the thing you have plantedA. growC. growing11. He did me aA. goodB. niceC. fine12. Once our chickens started laying eggs, we had such aA. outputB. surplusC. production13. Following are comments about the behavior that people in Korea usually expect in various socialA. occasionsB. casesC. situationsD. circumstances14. They have considered their high standard of living a(n)A. awardB. rewardC. result15. Mac’s close them for one another .C. appearanceD. relationship16. The thieves e they were searching forA. spreadB. scratchedC.scattered17. The sight of the fruit salad made our daughter Kit’s mouthA. wetB. waterC. soak18. TheA. technicalB. technologicalC. technique19. A large part of a person’s memory isA. by means ofC. in connection withD. by way20. At her word she stood up and walked away, stopping at the window to pull back the curtain andA. look roundB. look outC. look upD. look on21. Their happiness was veryA. crispB. brittleC. delicateD. fragile22. I was awfully tired when I got home from work, but a half hour napA. revivedB. releasedC. relievedD. recovered23. We should always keep in mind that A. hasty B. instant C. prompt24. Information and opinion gap exercises have to have some contentabout. A. worthwhile B. worthily C. worth25. “If we fail to act now,” said Tom, “We’ll find ourselvesA. paid backB. paid forC. paid up1. D)【句意】玉米虽原产于北美洲,但现在已遍及全世界。
【难点】四个选项中,B)和C)不合理。
A)项的in spite of 是复合介词,后接名词。
D)项的although 是连词,后接从句,在本句中接的是一个省略主语的从句。
2. C)【句意】不应把我们的文明看作是短期内创造出来的。
【难点】as 在这里是介词,后面应接名词性质的词,create的动作是过去发生的,所以选C)。
3. A)【句意】我们认为该到政府采取措施抑制通货膨胀的时候了。
【难点】it is high time that后面接虚拟语气,时态用一般过去时,意为“该到…时候了”。
4. B)【句意】有人建议我们应将我们的决定推迟到下次会议作出。
【难点】在suggest, propose, demand ,insist 等动词后面的宾语从句中,应使用(should)+动词原形的虚拟语气。
5. A)【句意】飓风是生成于热带海洋水域上空、风速达每小时75英里以上的强烈气旋。
【难点】关系代词which引导的定语从句修饰名词winds.6. B)【句意】正如报界所宣传的那样,我国已发起大规模反走私和反欺诈性外币交易的运动。
【难点】as在这里是一个代词,常用在类似as is well known这样的句子中,意为“这一点”。
7. D)【句意】所有航班因暴风雪都被取消,我们不得不改乘火车。
【难点】该句的前半句使用的是独立结构,由于动作发生在过去,所以根据题意要求,使用了完成式被动语态。
8. C)【句意】这座电站一建成竣工,就将向周围城乡供电。
【难点】once在这里是连词,意为“一旦…就…”,后面省略了it is。
9. A)【句意】要不是救护车及时到达,他可能就没命了。
【难点】but for 意为“要不是”,它的典型使用就是在虚拟语气的句子中,所以正合题意。
10. A)【句意】如果你从未种植过任何东西,你就不会明白观察你种植的东西生长所带来的快乐。
【难点】watch 后接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。
11. A)【句意】他借给我十英磅,算是给我做了件好事。
【难点】当turn为“行为,举止”时,常与good, bad, ill,evil连用。
Do sb. a good turn意为“做利于某人的事”。
12. B)【句意】我们的鸡开始下蛋后,我们便把剩余的鸡蛋送给邻居。
【难点】surplus 意为“过剩,剩余”;output 意为“产量”;production意为“生产”;plenty意为“丰富,大量”。
13. A)【句意】下列是有关韩国人在不同的社交场合可能有的行为的评论。
【难点】occasion意为“场合,节庆活动”;case 意为“事实;情况”;situation意为“情况;处理”;circumstance意为“环境;形势”。
14. B)【句意】他们认为自己的高生活水准是对实施基本信仰的一种报偿。
【难点】reward意为“报答;奖赏”;award意为“奖;奖品”;result 意为“结果”;consequence意为“后果”。
15. A)【句意】麦克和弟弟长得十分相像,人们常常把他们俩认错。
【难点】这四个名词中resemblance后面可接介词to,表示“与相似”。
relationship后面接to 时意为“和…的关系”。
16. C)【句意】小偷找钻戒的时候,把废纸撒落得满屋都是。
【难点】scatter意为“散布,撒播”;scratch意为“搔,抓”;spread意为“传播;使蔓延”,burn意为“燃烧”。
17. B)【句意】我女儿凯蒂一看见水果色拉就流口水。
【难点】wet 意为“湿的”;water意为“流口水”;soak意为“浸湿”;taste意为“品尝”。