二轮复习工农业限时练
2021高考生物二轮复习情境专项练3农业生产含解析.docx
情境专项练3 农业生产一、单项选择题1.(2020山东二模)茶树是一年内多轮采摘的叶用植物,对氮元素需求较大,因此生产中施氮量往往偏多,造成了资源浪费和环境污染。
为了科学施氮肥,科研小组测定了某品种茶树在不同施氮量情况下净光合速率等指标,结果见下表。
表中氮肥农学效率=(施氮肥的产量-不施氮肥的产量)/施氮肥的量,在茶叶收获后可通过计算得出;叶绿素含量、净光合速率能直接用仪器快速检测。
下列说法错误的是( )A.氮元素与茶树体内叶绿素合成有关,科学施氮肥能够促进光反应B.在茶树体内,氮元素不参与二氧化碳转化为有机物的过程C.净光合速率能够反映氮肥农学效率,生产过程中可依此指导科学施氮肥D.40 g/m2不一定是最佳施氮量,最佳施氮量还需进一步测定2.(2020山东聊城6月模拟)研究人员在苹果植株开花后用各种不同溶液喷洒苹果花序,研究GA4/7(赤霉素)和BA(细胞分裂素类似物)对苹果果实发育的影响是否具有协同作用,结果如下图所示(CK为对照组)。
下列相关叙述错误的是( )A.对照组(CK组)的处理可以是开花后对苹果花序喷洒等量的蒸馏水B.GA4/7和BA均能促进果实发育且二者具有协同作用C.GA4/7对苹果细胞分裂的促进作用大于BAD.对照组果实发育与各实验组基本同步,原因是种子能产生多种激素3.(2020北京密云一模)生态农业是能获得较高的经济、生态和社会效益的现代化农业。
下列关于生态农业的叙述不正确的是( )A.该生态系统中食物链和营养级越多越好B.比传统农业生态系统的抵抗力稳定性强C.设计的主要原理是能量的多级利用和物质循环再生D.属于人工生态系统,对病虫害一般采用生物防治4.(2020山东淄博6月三模)普通小麦中有高秆抗病(TTRR)和矮秆易感病(ttrr)两个品种,下图示甲、乙两个实验小组的育种实验方案。
下列叙述错误的是( )甲组P高秆抗病×矮秆易感病↓F 1 高秆抗病F 2 矮秆抗病Ⅰ 乙组 P 高秆抗病×矮秆易感病 ↓ F 1 高秆抗病 F 2 矮秆抗病ⅡA.甲组进行杂交育种,原理是基因重组B.通过杂交可以集中两个亲本的优良基因C.矮秆抗病Ⅱ中全部基因纯合,能稳定遗传D.矮秆抗病Ⅰ中能稳定遗传的占1/35.(2020广东梅州质检)油菜素甾醇(BRs)是一类在植物中广泛存在的甾醇类化合物的总称,参与调控植物光形态建成、细胞分裂和分化、生殖发育、开花、衰老等诸多生长发育过程及其对逆境的响应过程,为研究BRs 对水稻叶光合特性的影响,对a 、b 两个品种水稻的剑叶叶面分别喷施一定浓度的蒸馏水、2,4- 表油菜素内酯(eBL)和油菜素吡咯(Brz),开花后一段时间内定期测量叶片的叶绿素含量,结果如下图:图1图2下列叙述错误的是( )A.可推测a品种开花后15~35 d,eBL组合成NADPH的速率快于Brz组B.eBL能延缓该水稻叶片的衰老C.可推测Brz能减缓叶片叶绿素含量的下降趋势,而eBL作用相反D.可推测开花后0~35 d内,相较于a品种,b品种具有更强的光合能力6.(2020湖南邵阳模拟)将琼脂加水溶解后再加溴甲酚紫指示剂,调pH到5后倒入2个培养皿中冷却凝固。
高考地理二轮复习选择题限时练二含解析
选择题限时练(二)(限时:40分钟)(2020·浙江卷)图1为某飞机在甲、乙、丙间沿地球大圆周飞行轨迹示意图。
图2为飞机飞到乙地时,其垂直下方所示的经线、纬线和晨昏线位置关系图,此时丙地地方时为17时。
据此完成1~2题。
1.若飞机匀速、等高飞行,则在甲—乙—丙间单位时间内飞过的纬度差( )A.持续变大B.先变大,后变小C.持续变小D.先变小,后变大2.当日,甲地日出的地方时为( )A.5时B.6时C.7时D.8时(2021·浙江1月选考)秀珍菇生产需避光遮阳。
浙江某地在秀珍菇生产大棚上搭建光伏发电系统,实现了棚内种菇、棚顶发电,形成了“农业+新能源”生态高效生产方式。
据此完成3~4题。
3.该生产方式会使棚内( )A.太阳辐射减弱B.地面辐射增加C.大气吸收增加D.地面反射增加4.与原秀珍菇生产方式相比,该生产方式的优势有( )①增加经济效益②增加土壤肥力③减少土壤污染④提高土地利用率A.①③B.②④C.①④D.②③(2021·山东济南一模)伴随着城市的扩张,城市的热岛效应问题日益突出。
为此,城市通过减少人工排热,治理大气污染,扩大城市绿地、森林面积和增加城市水域等措施,减缓城市热岛效应。
读广州市热岛、冷岛面积变化图(图1)及广州市分区热岛占比统计图(图2),完成5~6题。
图1图25.据图可知( )A.1995—2008年,广州市冷岛面积在不断增大B.1995—2020年,广州市热岛与冷岛面积变化幅度一致C.1997—2019年,番禺比花都同期热岛占比大D.1995—2019年,主城区与南沙热岛占比变化相同6.根据广州市热岛、冷岛的变化判断( )A.热岛面积在各区都有增加B.主城区的工业已开始向外迁移C.从化的建筑面积在持续减少D.冷岛在各区会越来越集中胶州湾为典型半封闭浅海湾(图1),鱼类种类丰富。
图2示意该海域鱼类适温性组成及季节变化。
据此完成7~9题。
图1图27.胶州湾海域鱼类种类丰富,其形成的主要环境因子有( )①海域面积②海岸类型③入海径流④沿岸洋流A.①②B.①③C.②④D.③④8.暖水种鱼类种类季节变化较大,其主要影响因素是( )A.气压B.水温C.风向D.湿度9.若过度捕捞暖温种鱼类,将会使胶州湾鱼类( )A.多样性下降,优势种改变B.多样性下降,优势种不变C.多样性增加,优势种改变D.多样性增加,优势种不变(2021·山东济宁二模)青草沙水库位于长江南支入海口的长兴岛,圈围近70平方千米的水面,是上海市多个自来水厂的水源地。
2020新课标高考语文二轮总复习专题限时训练：2-8 名篇名句默写 Word版含解析
[课时训练]限时练(三十)1．补写出下列句子中的空缺部分。
(1)王湾《次北固山下》中，“______________，______________”两句写拂晓行船的情景，作者无意说理，却在描写景物、节令之中，蕴含着一种自然的理趣。
(2)杜牧《阿房宫赋》中“________________，________________，______________”连用整齐的短句，写秦朝统治者大肆挥霍从六国搜刮来的珍宝，极不珍惜。
【答案】(1)海日生残夜江春入旧年(2)鼎铛玉石金块珠砾弃掷逦迤2．补写出下列句子中的空缺部分。
(1)苏轼《赤壁赋》中，“__________________，__________________”两句生动形象地描绘出月亮在夜空中缓慢移动的状态，逼真传神。
(2)辛弃疾《永遇乐·京口北固亭怀古》中，写古代英雄叱咤风云、驰骋疆场的名句是“______________，________________”。
(3)《荀子·劝学》中，“_____________，_____________”两句强调了整天空想不如片刻学习收获大的道理。
【答案】(1)月出于东山之上徘徊于斗牛之间(2)金戈铁马气吞万里如虎(3)吾尝终日而思矣不如须臾之所学也3．补写出下列句子中的空缺部分。
(1)周敦颐在《爱莲说》中用“________________”和“________________”分别表达对菊花和牡丹的看法。
(2)李白在《蜀道难》中，用禽、兽都不能越过蜀道中的高山来侧面烘托蜀道之难的两句诗是“__________________，__________________”。
(3)在《赤壁赋》中，苏轼感觉自己“浩浩乎”“飘飘乎”的具体原因是作者与客在“水光接天”的环境下“________________，________________”。
【答案】(1)花之隐逸者也花之富贵者也(2)黄鹤之飞尚不得过猿猱欲度愁攀援(3)纵一苇之所如凌万顷之茫然4．补写出下列句子中的空缺部分。
高考二轮复习农业生产活动专题训练
高考二轮复习农业生产活动专题训练一、单项选择题下图为某农业生产模式图，回答1～2题。
1．该农业最可能是()A．人工草地畜牧业 B．粮草结合混合农业C．多元开发立体农业 D．热带地区迁移农业2．该生产模式会对当地自然环境产生影响，下列说法最可信的是()A．改变自然带类型 B．保持土壤肥力C．增大气温日较差 D．增加原生物种解析1选A。
2.选B。
第1题，根据图示内容，该模式种植牧草，加工饲料、饲养畜禽，作为商品出售，最可能是人工草地畜牧业，A项正确。
主要商品是畜产品，B、C、D三项错。
第2题，根据图中信息，图中改良土壤，有机质积累，所以该生产模式会对当地自然环境产生影响，最可信的是保持土壤肥力，B项正确;人类活动不能改变自然带类型，A项错误;种植草地，不会增大气温日较差，C项错误;材料中没有物种的变化，D项错误。
下图为我国某省区(平均海拔4 000 m以上)的农业土地利用类型构成和农业产值构成图。
读图完成3～4题。
3．该省区分布最广泛的农业地域类型是()A．乳畜业 B．商品谷物农业C．游牧业 D．水稻种植业4．该省区发展种植业的主要优势是()A．热量充足 B．耕地比重高C．农作物单产高 D．降水丰富解析：3.选C。
4.选C。
第3题，根据材料，该省区海拔高，位于青藏高原上。
牧草地分布占比重大，畜牧业占农业产值比重相对较小，说明投入生产资料少，该地分布最广泛的农业地域类型是游牧业，C对。
乳畜业是随着城市发展起来的，主要在大城市的郊区，A错。
商品谷物农业以种植业占土地比重大，B错。
青藏高原区不适宜发展水稻种植业，D错。
第4题，结合前面分析，该省区位于青藏高原，发展种植业的热量不足，A错。
读图可知，耕地比重小，B错。
昼夜温差大，农作物单产高，C对。
海拔高，水汽难以影响到，降水少，D 错。
兰萨罗特岛上出产葡萄、蔬菜、谷物等。
这里的葡萄种植有一种特殊的种植技术：单株葡萄种植在单个坑里，坑宽3～4米，坑深1～1.5米，坑边用石块垒半圆形石墙。
新高三英语二轮复习限时训练(词汇 语法填空 完形 七选五)05
一. 词汇语法巩固练习1.We offered to give Sharon a ride home, but she ______, saying that she felt likewalking.A. understoodB. acceptedC. compromisedD. declined2.Nowadays the ______ for travelling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery.A. priorityB. potentialC. proportionD. pension3.His vivid descriptions of country life quickly became popular, which establishedhis ______ as one of America’s greatest writers.A. trustB. contactC. reputationD. theory4.People believe writing poems provides a ______ through which they can expresstheir feelings.A. shelterB. sourceC. channelD. background5.Try to understand what’s actually happening instead of acting on the ______you’ve made.A. assignmentB. associationC. acquisitionD. assumption6.We’d better ______ some sports because sports can give us a perfect build andprotect us from getting illness easily.A. take upB. make upC. pick upD. build up7.It is important to pay your electricity bill on time, as late payments may affectyour ______.A. conditionB. incomeC. creditD. status8.This actor often has the first two tricks planned before performing, and then goesfor ______.A. whicheverB. wheneverC. whereverD. whatever9.You’d better write down the phone number of that restaurant for future ______.A. purposeB. referenceC. progressD. memory10.There will still be lots of challenges if we are to ______ garbage in a short time.A. clarifyB. justifyC. satisfyD. classify11.New technologies have made ____________ possible to turn out new productsfaster and at a lower cost.12.The research group produced two reports based on the survey, but ____________contained any useful suggestions.13.Most colleges now offer first-year students a course specially ____________(design) to help them succeed academically and personally.14.The dancer’s incredible performance had the audience on its feet ____________(clap) for 10 minutes at the end of the show. show provides women a stage ____________ they show their natural talent,rather than their looks.16.The number of smokers, ____________ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent injust one year.17.We hadn’t met for 20 years, but I recognized her ____________ (direct) I sawher.18.The meaning of the word “nice” changed a few times ____________ it finallycame to include the sense “pleasant.”19.You may have heard the old saying, “The more, the merrier. It’s usually true, butnot for travel. When it comes to travel, I say, “The more, the ____________ (messy).” I’m not alone in my ____________ (prefer) for solo(独自的) travel.According to the Daily Mail, there has been ____________ 143% increase in “solo travel” internet searches over the past three years, ____________ makes it one of the fastest growing parts of the travel industry. To me, it’s ____________ (obvious) more convenient to plan and just pack my bag and go straight to my dream place.20.More than 500 people ____________ (fly) in space since Yuri Gagarin paved theway in 1961. 20 people have travelled to the moon, 12 of ____________ have walked on the moon. So far, space stations ____________ (build), and astronauts have learned to live and work in space for many months ____________ even years.二. 七选五Many people think that positive thinking is mostly about keeping one’s head in the sand and ignoring daily problems, trying to look optimistic. In reality it has more to do with the way an individual talks to himself. Self-talk is a constant stream of thoughts of a person, who is often unaware and uncertain of some events, phenomena, people, or even the person himself.____1____Meanwhile, positive thinking can help to stop negative self-talks and start to form a positive view on an issue. People who regularly practise positive thinking tend to solve problems more effectively. They areless exposed to stress caused by external factors. They tend to believe in themselves and in what they do.____2____People who think positively demonstrate increased life spans, lower rates of depression and anxiety, better physical and psychological health, reduced risks of death from heart problems. Positive thinking also contributes to one’s ability to deal with problems and hardships.____3____For example, researchers have found that in the case of a crisis accompanied by strong emotions, such as a natural disaster, positive thinking can provide a sort of buffer against depression and anxiety. Resilient people who think positively tend to treat every problem as a challenge, a chance for improvement of any kind, or as an opportunity for personal growth. Pessimists, on the contrary, tend to perceive problems as a source of additional stress.____4____ In conclusion, positive thinking is a powerful and effective tool for dealing with hard times and improving the quality of one’s life. It doesn’t have anything to do with ignorant optimism when an individual refuses to notice a problem.____5____ Thinking in a positive, self-encouraging way brings about many benefits to one’s physical and mental health.A. It doesn’t cause any severe emotional discomfort, either.B. Negative self-talk damages self-confidence and decreases self-respect.C. It helps one to remain clear-headed and confident in difficult situations.D. Positive thinking has several beneficial effects on the body and the mind.E. As thinking changes, an individual’s behaviour and habits change as well.F. They often offer a real alternative to the common and regular way of thinking.G. They often feel discouraged long before trying to solve the problem, even if small.三. 完形填空Normal people can hardly imagine what kind of pain orphans feel while growing up – being abandoned, disliked, and laughed at. For all these reasons, many of them build a ____1____ room in their hearts. In this room they can behave as they ____2____. Will Hunting, the main character in the US film Good Will Hunting is the perfect example.The story is simple. Will Hunting is a(n) ____3____ who works as a cleaner at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the US. Lambeau, a math professor, discovers that Hunting has a special ____4____ for math and wants him to be asuccess. However, Will gets into a fight and is ____5____ after he attacks a police officer. But Lambeau doesn’t ____6____. He sends Hunting to see a wise therapist, Dr Sean Maguire, to see if he can help the ____7____ young man. After a period of stony (冷漠的) silence, Will ____8____ to the therapist and is finally cured.But Will’s treatment takes a long time. In my opinion, the key to its success is ____9____ in Maguire’s words, “It is not your fault.” He ____10____ the words while staring at Will, making it clear to him that he no longer has any place to hide. They are words that all orphans should hear.Orphans have ____11____ because they feel that no one loves them, and in order to avoid harm, they ____12____ people’s kindness. I feel sorry for Will, as his background has led him into ____13____ and self-abasement (自卑). I am also sympathetic toward Maguire, who has a kind heart.It is ____14____ to love our own kids, but much harder to love those of other people. I suggest that we pay more attention to orphans, not out of ____15____, but out of love.1. A. persuasive B. offensive C. defensive D. aggressive2. A. dislike B. please C. protect D. cure3. A. student B. orphan C. expert D. defender4. A. interest B. appetite C. desire D. talent5. A. arrested B. bullied C. cared D. diagnosed6. A. give in B. give off C. give up D. give out7. A. gifted B. frustrated C. exhausted D. troubled8. A. opens up B. closes down C. breaks down D. picks up9. A. conveyed B. contained C. lied D. included10. A. repeats B. ignores C. avoids D. refuses11. A. confidence B. disadvantages C. obstacles D. barriers12. A. need B. refuse C. lack D. expect13. A. restriction B. resistance C. rejection D. rebellion14. A. normal B. necessary C. urgent D. difficult15. A. policy B. sympathy C. curiosity D. empathy四. 语篇填空While driving alone through the countryside, Linda saw an old woman by theside of the road, reaching out her hand. It ____1____ (get) dark and raining. “I can’t leave her out in this weather,” Linda said to herself, so she stopped the car.“Shall I offer you ____2____ lift?” Linda asked. The old woman nodded and climbed into the car. After a while Linda asked, “Have you waited for long?” The old woman shook her head. ____3____ (strange) enough, the old woman didn’t say a single word all the way. Her only ____4____ (respond) was always a nod of the head or something else like that.Then Linda saw the lady’s hands, ____5____ were very large and covered with thick hair. She realized ____6____ the lady was a man! After ____7____ (stop) the car, Linda said, “Can’t see that mirror. Would you mind cleaning it ____8____ me?” The lady nodded and opened the door. As soon as the “lady” was out of the car, Linda drove off quickly.When Linda arrived home, she found that the old lady ____9____ (leave) a handbag on the backseat. She opened it and let out a deep breath. Inside it ____10____ two sharp knives.一. 词汇语法巩固练习1-5 DACCD 6-10 ACDBD11-18 it; neither; designed; clapping; where; as; directly; before19 messier; preference; a; which; obviously20 have flown; whom; have been built; or二. 七选五BDCGA三. 完形填空CBBDA CDABA BBDAB四. 语篇填空1-5was getting; a; Strangely; response; which6-10that; stopping; for; had left; were。
2.9【二轮复习】专题限时集训(二)细胞代谢中的酶和ATP(解析)
酶1．滴加肝脏研磨液促使过氧化氢的分解及滴加FeCl3溶液提高过氧化氢的分解速率均涉及“降低化学反应活化能”原理。
(√) 2．同无机催化剂相比，酶所提供的活化能更多，因而催化效率更高。
(×)提示：酶具有催化作用的原理是降低化学反应的活化能，不是提供活化能。
3．过酸、过碱或温度过高，都会使酶的空间结构遭到破坏，使酶永久失活。
(√) 4．酶活性受温度、pH、底物浓度及酶量的影响。
(×)提示：底物浓度、酶量不影响酶的活性。
5．同一个体各种体细胞中酶的种类相同、数量不同，代谢不同。
(×)提示：同一个体各种体细胞中酶的种类不一定相同。
6．用淀粉和淀粉酶探究温度对酶活性的影响时，既可用碘液也可用斐林试剂作为检测试剂。
(×)提示：探究温度对酶活性的影响时选用斐林试剂作为检测试剂需要水浴加热，会改变实验温度。
7．探究胃蛋白酶的最适pH时，将其加入蛋清中再加入缓冲液。
(×)提示：应先加缓冲液再加蛋清。
8．探究温度对酶活性的影响时，将酶与底物溶液在室温下混合后于不同温度下保温。
(×)提示：应将酶与底物分别在设定的温度下保温，然后混合。
ATP1．一个ATP中含有两个高能磷酸键，且都容易形成和水解。
(×)提示：ATP中远离腺苷的那个高能磷酸键更容易形成和水解。
2．酶催化的化学反应都需要ATP。
(×)提示：酶催化的化学反应不一定需要ATP，如放能反应。
3．ATP水解释放的能量可用于细胞内的吸能反应。
(√) 4．人在饥饿时，细胞中ATP与ADP的含量难以达到动态平衡。
(×)提示：人在饥饿时，细胞中ATP与ADP的含量能够达到动态平衡。
5．细胞质中消耗的ATP均来源于线粒体和叶绿体。
(×)提示：细胞质中消耗的ATP可来源于线粒体，也可来源于细胞质基质，叶绿体中产生的ATP只用于暗反应。
6．有氧条件下，植物根尖细胞的线粒体、叶绿体和细胞质基质都能产生ATP。
2023届高三英语二轮复习限时训练(词汇+语法填空+完形+七选五+作文句式)02
一. 词汇语法巩固练习1.Indeed, as time speeds by, I've had some of my most ____________ (memory)experiences working for CT, and made lifelong friends along the way.2.He often complains that the results of machine translation are usually in an____________ (nature) form of language and sometimes just plain weird.3.It is often believed however, that competition and cooperation are in____________ (oppose) to each other.4.He is well qualified for the job, but he does lack ____________ (person) (= he isa boring person).5.Being a great team player depends on your comfortable ____________(participate) in every process of such a team, including knowledge exchange.6.One of my business partners has many interesting new ideas, but he's a little____________ (practice), and often they don't hold water.7.This was a ____________ (predict) reaction, given the bitter hostility between thetwo countries.8.Then, my friends, I recommend we rest and get ourselves ready to move quickly.When war comes, we cannot be caught ____________ (prepare).9.Giving a man a single fish can only cope with his meal. But if you taught him theskill of fishing, it would be ____________ (profit) to him for lifetime.10.The best remedy is either to limit the use of the offending substance or to takeextra precautions, like wearing ____________ (protect) clothing.11.You could ____________ (reason) argue that the store should replace thesegoods.ck of exercise is also a risk factor for heart disease but it's ____________(relate) small when compared with the others.13.He received the award in recognition ____________ his success over the pastyear.14.This is ____________ my father has taught me—to always face difficulties andhope for the best.15.While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence ____________ they range allthe way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada.16.My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to ____________ I live.17.I soon realized ____________ my mom's greatest strength was taking care ofthose in need. That's ____________ I wanted to become a doctor.18.I don't remember ____________ it first started annoying me—her hands pushingmy hair that way. Finally, one night, I shouted at her，“Don't do that anymore—your hands are too rough！”19.When we got a call ____________ (say) she was shortlisted, we thought it was ajoke.20.Modern methods of tracking polar bear populations have been employed onlysince the mid1980s, and are expensive ____________ (perform) consistently over a large area.二. 根据句意或提示完成句子1. 我写这封信是想分享我对这个问题的看法，我认为可能会对你有帮助。
新高考新教材2024届高考地理二轮总复习选择题限时练8
选择题限时练(八)(限时:40分钟)某县蔬菜种植历史悠久,早在20世纪80年代,当地菜农利用地膜覆盖、小拱棚育苗等简易设施种植的韭菜就闻名省内外。
进入90年代,县委、县政府推进生产基地规模化,实现由零星种植向规模发展转变,设施结构也向日光温室、钢架大棚等高档次转变,高效设施农业发展迅速。
但设施大棚的建设,使得大棚内环境因子与周围露地截然不同,引发大棚土壤次生盐渍化等问题,降低了大棚的生产效益。
据此完成1~3题。
1.该县设施农业起步阶段,菜农利用简易设施的主要目的是( )A.扩大规模,提高产量B.提高品质,增加销量C.提前上市,增加收益D.降低成本,提高利润2.20世纪90年代以来该县设施农业快速发展的主导因素是( )A.市场B.技术C.劳动力D.政策3.与露地相比,大棚内土壤盐渍化较为严重的主要原因是( )A.降水影响小B.日照时间长C.土壤湿度小D.地下水位高答案:1.C 2.D 3.A解析:第1题,菜农在农业起步阶段,利用简易设施即地膜覆盖、小拱棚育苗的主要目的是通过提高地温,使幼苗能提前生长发育,从而使韭菜能提前上市,抢占市场,增加收益。
故选C项。
第2题,通过材料中的信息“进入90年代,县委、县政府推进生产基地规模化……”可以得出,本题的答案为D项。
第3题为比较类问题,大棚内土壤的日照时间和地下水位与露地相同。
棚内土壤的湿度比露天土壤湿度要大。
与露地相比,造成大棚内土壤盐渍化较严重的原因是棚内没有降水,缺少雨水的淋盐作用,导致盐分在地表聚集。
故选A项。
某村落地处黄河上游沿岸,海拔2205米,年降水量约300毫米,邻近拥有丹霞地貌的褶皱山。
历史上,该村落交通闭塞,以农牧兼业的村民为主,村民在村中广种乔木。
近年来,随着丹霞旅游的开发,该村落转型旅游接待,但村落规模未显著扩大,下图为该村落附近的航拍景观。
据此完成4~5题。
4.早期,村民在村中广种乔木,主要为了( )A.涵养水源B.防风固沙C.收获林果D.获取燃料5.转型旅游接待之后,该村落规模并未显著扩大,主要受制于( )A.饮用水源B.平地规模C.客源市场D.人口数量答案:4.D 5.C解析:第4题,读图可知,该村落周边植被覆盖率低,缺乏天然薪柴,且交通闭塞,难以利用外来燃料,故推测早期村民广种乔木可能是为了获取燃料。
高考英语二轮复习题组限时满分练8完形填空语篇填空
满分练(八) 完形填空+语篇填空(限时:25分钟)Ⅰ.完形填空(2023河北张家口二模)Matthew began working on the brakes of his truck immediately he got home late on a Monday.For safety,he couldn’t 1 repairing his truck any longer.His teenage son,Dalin,came to help.Matthew couldn’t get a go od 2 ,so he slid his body under the truck to hit it.But when the rotor (刹车片) bounced off,the truck moved forward and 3 right on top of him.Matthew couldn’t breathe,move or yell.This was definitely a 4situation.Seeing this,Dalin was scared. 5 ,he sprung into action despite his fear and was 6 enough to lift the truck a little.Dalin 7 as hard as he could to get the truck up just enough for his father to roll out.The 8 left Matthew with a separated shoulder.Matthew was taken to thehospital for his 9 .Everything happened so fast that Matthew couldn’t remember how he 10 .“Later,we looked at our security cameras and realized Dalin 11 the truck enough for me to roll out.My son is my 12 .He saved my life,” Matthew recalled.Not only the father but also everyone was 13 for Dalin’s bravery and quick thinking.It was a situation that could have easily 14 differently were it not for his quick 15 .1.A.give up B.carry onC.set aboutD.put off2.A.consequence B.ideaC.angleD.start3.A.switched B.fellC.coveredD.spread4.A.shameful B.scaryC.familiarD.discouraging5.A.Thankfully B.EventuallyC.ObviouslyD.Unfortunately6.A.enthusiastic B.patientC.strongD.willing7.A.kicked B.struckC.thoughtD.tried8.A.accident B.explosionC.fightD.exposure9.A.madness B.collapseC.injuryD.breakdown10.A.felt B.escapedC.separatedD.emerged11.A.lifted B.pushedC.protectedD.detected12.A.instructor B.superiorC.guideD.hero13.A.responsible B.qualifiedC.gratefulD.eager14.A.ended B.changedC.reactedD.behaved15.A.service B.responseC.recoverD.changeⅡ.语篇填空(2023福建泉州三模)Nearly three decades after Beijing People’s Art Theater presented the story ofLi Bai in a play,that of Du Fu was also brought to the stage.The new play,DuFu,highlights 1. last 15 years of the life of the master poet from the Tang Dynasty.“This play is our theater’s new exploration in 2. (present) a historical theme.Our approach is 3. (difference) from previous plays,including the stage design,the use of video technology,and the integration of classical and oral Chinese,” says Feng Yuanzheng,director of the play DuFu.While having the same actors for the main 4. (role),the cast has included a group of young actors,5. aims to give them the chance to gain experience.“In my youth,we 6. (guide) by the senior actors,and wentthrough thick and thin on the stage.Now it is our turn 7. (lead) the young actors,and give them more 8. (opportunity) so they can grow,” Fengsays.Feng,60,was 9. (recent) announced as the new president of the Beijing People’s Art Theater.He is the fifth president in the theater’s 70year history and the first one to e 10. an acting background.“To me,this job means more responsibility.I will keep on working hard,” Feng says.答案：满分练(八) 完形填空+语篇填空Ⅰ.[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。
适用于新高考新教材2025版高考数学二轮复习客观题满分限时练2
限时练2(时间:45分钟,满分:80分)一、选择题:本题共8小题,每小题5分,共40分.在每小题给出的四个选项中,只有一项是符合题目要求的.1.(2024全国乙,理1)设z=,则=()A.1-2iB.1+2iC.2-iD.2+i2.(2024江苏南京、盐城一模)设M={x|x=,k∈Z},N={x|x=k+,k∈Z},则()A.M⫋NB.N⫋MC.M=ND.M∩N=∅3.(2024山东聊城模拟)已知等差数列{a n}的前n项和为S n,且a5=5,a1+S11=67,则a3a10是{a n}中的()A.第30项B.第36项C.第48项D.第60项4.(2024新高考Ⅰ,4)设函数f(x)=2x(x-a)在区间(0,1)内单调递减,则a的取值范围是()A.(-∞,-2]B.[-2,0)C.(0,2]D.[2,+∞)5.(2024湖南常德二模)某人同时掷两枚骰子,得到点数分别为a,b,则焦点在y轴上的椭圆=1的离心率e≥的概率是()A. B.C. D.6.(2024新高考Ⅱ,5)已知椭圆C:+y2=1的左、右焦点分别为F1,F2,直线y=x+m与C交于A,B两点,若△F1AB面积是△F2AB面积的2倍,则m=()A. B.C.-D.-7.(2024江苏苏锡常镇一模)已知正四面体P-ABC的棱长为1,点O为底面ABC的中心,球О与该正四面体的其余三个面都有且只有一个公共点,且公共点非该正四面体的顶点,则球O的半径为() A. B. C. D.8.(2024河南郑州二模)函数f(x)=若关于x的方程[f(x)]2-(m+1)f(x)+m=0恰有5个不相等的实数根,则实数m的取值范围是()A. B.C. D.二、选择题:本题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分.在每小题给出的选项中,有多项符合题目要求.全部选对的得5分,部分选对的得2分,有选错的得0分.9.(2024山东聊城三模)随着国民经济的快速发展和人民生活水平的不断提高,我国社会物流需求不断增加.社会物流总费用与GDP的比率是反映地区物流发展水平的指标,下面是2017—2024年我国社会物流总费用与GDP的比率统计,则()2017—2024年我国社会物流总费用与GDP的比率统计A.2024—2024这5年我国社会物流总费用逐年增长,且2024年增长的最多B.2017—2024这6年我国社会物流总费用的70%分位数为14.9C.2017—2024这6年我国社会物流总费用与GDP的比率的极差为0.2%D.2024年我国的GDP超过了121万亿元10.(2024河北唐山三模)函数f(x)及其导函数f'(x)的定义域均为R,若f(x)为奇函数,且f(x+2)=f(x),则()A.f'(x)为偶函数B.f'(0)=0C.f(x)的图象关于点(1,0)对称D.若F(x)=f(x)+xf'(x),则F'(x)为奇函数11.(2024广东汕头一模)已知直线l1:2x-y-3=0,l2:x-2y+3=0,圆C:(x-a)2+(y-b)2=r2,若圆C与直线l1,l2都相切,则下列选项肯定正确的是()A.l1与l2关于直线y=x对称B.若圆C的圆心在x轴上,则圆C的半径为3或9C.圆C的圆心在直线x+y-6=0或直线x-y=0上D.与两坐标轴都相切的圆C有且只有2个12.(2024山西临汾二模)已知二面角α-l-β的棱上有A,B两点,直线AC,BD分别在这个二面角的两个半平面内,且都垂直于AB.已知AB=4,AC=6,BD=8,记二面角α-l-β的大小为θ,则下列说法正确的是()A.当CD=2时,θ=60°B.当θ=120°时,CD=2C.θ≤∠CADD.点A到平面BCD的距离的最大值为三、填空题:本题共4小题,每小题5分,共20分.13.(2024广东茂名二模)已知曲线f(x)=x3+x-3在点(1,-1)处的切线与曲线g(x)=a cos x在点处的切线平行,则a的值为.14.(2024全国乙,理15)已知{a n}为等比数列,a2a4a5=a3a6,a9a10=-8,则a7= .15.(2024山东德州一模)某企业的一批产品由一等品零件、二等品零件混装而成,每包产品均含有10个零件.小张到该企业选购,利用如下方法进行抽检:从该企业产品中随机抽取1包产品,再从该包产品中随机抽取4个零件,若抽取的零件都是一等品,则确定选购该企业产品;否则,拒绝选购.假设该企业这批产品中,每包产品均含1个或2个二等品零件,其中含2个二等品零件的包数占10%,则小张确定选购该企业产品的概率为.16.(2024广东广州一模)已知抛物线C的顶点为坐标原点O,焦点F在x轴上,过点(2,0)的直线交C 于P,Q两点,且OP⊥OQ,线段PQ的中点为M,则直线MF的斜率的最大值为.限时练21.B解析因为z==1-2i,所以=1+2i.故选B.2.B解析因为x=k+(2k+1),k∈Z,所以集合N是由整数中奇数的组成,而集合M是由整数的组成,故N⫋M.3.A解析设等差数列{a n}的公差为d,由a5=5,得a1+4d=5; ①由a1+S11=67,得12a1+d=67,即12a1+55d=67.②由①②解得a1=1,d=1,所以a n=n,于是a3a10=3×10=30,而a30=30,故a3a10是{a n}中的第30项.4.D解析 (方法一导数法)由题意知,在f(x)=2x(x-a)中,f'(x)=(2x-a)2x(x-a)ln2,由函数在(0,1)内单调递减,知(2x-a)2x(x-a)·ln2≤0在(0,1)内恒成立,即2x-a≤0在(0,1)内恒成立,即a≥(2x)max,所以a≥2.故选D.(方法二复合函数法)因为函数y=2x在R上是增函数,要使复合函数f(x)=2x(x-a)在(0,1)内单调递减,只需函数h(x)=x(x-a)=在(0,1)内单调递减,所以≥1,即a≥2.故选D.5.C解析因为椭圆=1的焦点在y轴上,所以a>b.由e=,得0<.用投掷两枚骰子得到的点数组成的数组(a,b)表示这个试验的一个样本点,则该试验的样本空间共有36个样本点,其中满意0<的样本点有(2,1),(3,1),(4,1),(5,1),(6,1),(4,2),(5,2),(6,2),(6,3),共9个,所以所求概率为.6.C解析如图所示,椭圆+y2=1的左、右焦点分别为F1(-,0),F2(,0),设点F1,F2到直线y=x+m的距离分别为d1,d2,由点到直线的距离公式可知d1=,d2=.由消去y可得4x2+6mx+3m2-3=0.∵y=x+m与椭圆C交于A,B两点,∴Δ=36m2-16(3m2-3)>0,即-2<m<2.∵△F1AB的面积是△F2AB的两倍,∴有·|AB|·d1=2×·|AB|·d2,即d1=2d2,=2, 两边平方整理,得3m2+10m+6=0,解得m=-或m=-3.又-2<m<2,∴m=-.故选C.7.B解析因为正四面体P-ABC的棱长为1,所以正四面体P-ABC底面ABC上的高为PO=.由题可知球O与该正四面体的其余三个面都相切,设球O的半径为r,则V P-ABC=V O-PAB+V O-PBC+V O-PAC,所以r+r+r,所以r=.8.A解析由[f(x)]2-(m+1)f(x)+m=[f(x)-m][f(x)-1]=0,可得f(x)=m或f(x)=1.令y=x ln x且定义域为(0,+∞),则y'=ln x+1,当x∈时,y'<0;当x∈时,y'>0.所以y min=-.综上,依据f(x)的解析式可得f(x)的图象如图所示.明显f(x)=1有两个根,要使原方程有5个不相等的实数根,则f(x)=m有三个根,所以-<m<0.9.ACD解析由图表可知,2024—2024这5年我国社会物流总费用逐年增长,2024年增长的最多,且增长为16.7-14.9=1.8万亿元,故A正确;因为6×70%=4.2,所以70%分位数为第5项数据,即为16.7,所以这6年我国社会物流总费用的70%分位数为16.7,故B错误;由图表可知,2017—2024这6年我国社会物流总费用与GDP的比率的极差为14.8%-14.6%=0.2%,故C正确;由图表可知,2024年我国的GDP为17.8÷14.7%≈121.1万亿元,故D正确.故选ACD.10.AC解析对于A,因为f(x)为奇函数且在定义域R上可导,即f(-x)=-f(x),所以两边对x取导可得(-x)'f'(-x)=-f'(x),即f'(-x)=f'(x),所以f'(x)为偶函数,故A正确;对于B,令f(x)=sin(πx),明显f(x)为奇函数,且最小正周期T==2,即满意f(x+2)=f(x),则f'(x)=πcos(πx),则f'(0)=π,故B错误;对于C,因为f(x+2)=f(x)且f(x)为R上的奇函数,所以f(-x)=-f(x),即f(x+2)=-f(-x),所以f(x-1+2)=f(x+1)=-f(1-x),即f(x+1)+f(1-x)=0,所以f(x)的图象关于点(1,0)对称,故C正确;对于D,因为F(x)=f(x)+xf'(x),则F(-x)=f(-x)-xf'(-x)=-f(x)-xf'(x)=-F(x),所以F(x)为奇函数,由A可知F'(x)为偶函数,故D错误.故选AC.11.ACD解析对于A,设直线l1:2x-y-3=0上随意一点(x0,2x0-3)关于直线y=x对称的点为(m,n),则解得m-2n+3=0,所以点(m,n)在直线l2:x-2y+3=0上,所以l1与l2关于直线y=x 对称,故A正确.对于B,因为圆C的圆心在x轴上,所以圆心为(a,0).因为圆C与直线l1,l2都相切,所以r=,解得a=0或a=6.当a=0时,r=;当a=6时,r=,故B错误.对于C,由圆C:(x-a)2+(y-b)2=r2,得圆心为(a,b),半径为r,因为圆C与直线l1,l2都相切,所以r=,解得a+b-6=0或a=b,所以圆心(a,b)在直线x+y-6=0或直线x-y=0上,故C正确.对于D,由圆C:(x-a)2+(y-b)2=r2,得圆心为(a,b),半径为r,由圆C与两坐标轴都相切,得圆心到x 轴的距离为|b|,到y轴的距离为|a|,所以r=|a|且r=|b|,即|a|=|b|,解得a=b或a=-b.当a=b时,由题意可知=|a|,解得a=b=-或a=b=;当a=-b时,,无解,此时不满意.所以与两坐标轴都相切的圆C有且只有2个,故D正确.故选ACD.12.AB解析如图所示,过点A作AE∥BD且AE=BD,连接CE,ED,则四边形ABDE为平行四边形.又BD⊥AB,∴AE⊥AB.又AC⊥AB,∴∠CAE=θ.又AC∩AE=A,AC,AE⊂平面ACE,∴AB⊥平面ACE.又AB∥ED,∴ED⊥平面ACE,∴ED⊥CE,ED⊥AE.由题意知,BD⊥AB,AC⊥AB,∴=0,=0.∵,∴+2+2+2=62+42+82-2×6×8cosθ=116-96cosθ.对于A,当CD=2时,代入=116-96cosθ得cosθ=,又因为0°≤θ≤180°,所以θ=60°,故A正确;对于B,当θ=120°时,代入=116-96cosθ得||=2,故B正确;对于C,在△CAE中,cosθ=,在△CAD中,cos∠CAD=,∵AE<AD,0°≤θ≤180°,0°≤∠CAD≤180°,∴①当AC2+AE2-CE2>0时,cosθ>cos∠CAD,则θ<∠CAD,②当AC2+AE2-CE2=0时,cosθ=cos∠CAD,则θ=∠CAD=90°,③当AC2+AE2-CE2<0时,cosθ<cos∠CAD,则θ>∠CAD,故C错误;对于D,以A为原点,分别以AE,AB,AZ为x轴、y轴、z轴建立空间直角坐标系,如图所示,则A(0,0,0),E(8,0,0),D(8,4,0),B(0,4,0),C(6cosθ,0,6sinθ),所以=(8,0,0),=(6cosθ,-4,6sinθ),=(0,-4,0),设平面BCD的一个法向量为n=(x,y,z),则取n=(0,3sinθ,2),∴点A到平面BCD的距离为d=,又0°≤θ≤180°,所以0≤sin2θ≤1,∴当sinθ=1时,d取得最大值,故D错误.13.-3解析f'(x)=3x2+1-,g'(x)=-a sin x,由题意可知,g'=f'(1),即-a sin=3,解得a=-3.14.-2解析 (方法一)设等比数列{a n}的公比为q,则由a2a4a5=a3a6,a9a10=-8,得可得所以a7=a1q6=a1q·q5=-2.(方法二)设{a n}的公比为q.由a2a4a5=a3a6,可得a2=1.又因为a9a10=a2q7·a2q8=-8,即q15=-8,得q5=-2,则a7=a2·q5=-2.15.解析依据题意,该企业这批产品中,含2个二等品零件的包数占10%,则含1个二等品零件的包数占90%,在含1个二等品零件一包产品中,随机抽取4个零件,若抽取的4个零件都是一等品,其概率P1=,在含2个二等品零件一包产品中,随机抽取4个零件,若抽取的4个零件都是一等品,其概率P2=,则小张确定选购该企业产品的概率P=.16.解析依题意,抛物线C的焦点在x轴的正半轴上,设C的方程为y2=2px,p>0,明显直线PQ不垂直于y轴,设直线PQ的方程为x=ty+2,点P,Q,联立消去x得y2-2pty-4p=0,则有y1+y2=2pt,y1y2=-4p.由OP⊥OQ得+y1y2=4-4p=0,解得p=1,于是抛物线C:y2=2x的焦点F,弦PQ的中点M的纵坐标为=t,则点M(t2+2,t).若直线MF的斜率最大,则必有t>0,则直线MF的斜率k=,当且仅当2t=且t>0,即t=时,等号成立,所以直线MF的斜率的最大值为.。
2023届高三英语二轮复习限时训练(词汇+语法填空+完形+七选五)07
一、词汇语法巩固练习1.I'll let you borrow my car __________ one condition that you lend me your bicyclein return.2.You can be paid __________ cash weekly or __________ cheque monthly; thoseare the two alternatives.3.In 2004, he started Dodgeball, another check-in service, which Google bought__________ a few million dollars and later shut down.4.Afterwards, he built dozens of single wooden rooms for the travellers to rent__________ the price of $3 per night by the roadside.5.When Sunday came, and it was time for the girl to start on her way, she becamefrightened, although she __________ (she) did not know exactly why.6.I knew that this wasn't the first time I __________ (let) such an opportunity passme by, and that made everything even more difficult.7.__________ a lot of hard work and a touch of luck play a part, perseverance is thekey to success.8.Both men had hardly had time to realize what was happening __________ theywere thrown violently into the sea.9.My grandpa, __________ is often the case with old people, is fond of __________(talk) about the good old days.10.My parents are the most important for me, without __________ support, I wouldn’thave reached that far.11.He is going to spend the Spring Festival in Nanjing, __________ live hisgrandparents and some relatives.12.Li Ziqi, the Chinese internet celebrity, is famous for her videos __________ sheperforms the work of a farmer with the grace of a fairy.13.By 16:30, __________ was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had beensold.14.The most exciting moment during the Spring Festival is __________ the familyenjoy the big dinner together.15.The impact and ultimate result depend on __________ you do with the difficultiesthat you have.16.__________ bothers me is that I can’t keep my mind on the task, but on personalgains or losses.17.The father and his son got lost in the mountain and they had to eat __________food they could find there.18.Young women seem to perform worse than men on high-level math tests. That is__________ has confused the educators for ages.19.After being designated as the first special economic zone in China, __________was once a fishing village has rapidly become an emerging modern city.20.A warm thought suddenly came to me __________ I might use the pocket moneyto buy some flowers for my mother’s birthday.21.The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 — __________ thegovernment started a soil-testing program __________ gives specific fertilizerrecommendations to farmers — __________ 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.22.As more and more people own private cars, parking has become __________ bigheadache for many car owners, especially for those __________ live in downtown areas without enough __________ (park) spaces.23.When he saw the mists __________ (rise) from the river and the soft clouds__________ (surround) the mountain tops, he __________ (reduce) to tears.24.While visiting Hangzhou’s West Lake and its __________ (surround) beautifulhills, you’ll understand __________ it’s been a great source of __________ (inspire) for artists, poets and __________ (philosophy) throughout Chinese history.25.When I took the money from her grandparents, I looked back at the girl,__________ was giving me the most __________ (optimism) smile I had ever seen.All __________a sudden, her handicap was __________ (go) and all I saw was this beautiful girl, whose smile just melted me and almost instantly gave me a completely new sense of __________ life is all about.二、七选五Including children in the farming lifestyle has many benefits. Sure, it is nice to have the additional help with chores (家庭杂物), but it also fosters so much growth, sending our kids down a good path towards who they will someday become. It is possible that our children will grow up to lead lives that do not include farming. ______1______Through caring for farm animals, kids learn that in life others often come before self. ______2______ It doesn’t matter if we don’t feel like it or if we are sick and tired. What matters is that we take care of the animals that take care of us and do so in a timely manner.______3______ If the work on a farm does not get done, the operation fails. It takes discipline and commitment to get down to business every day, and seeing this in action will give kids a good work attitude. They will know and understand that nothing good comes easy and that they have to work to survive. ______4______ Functioning as part of a productive team will surely be playing a crucial role sooner or later in all walks of life.Additionally, farming teaches patience. ______5______ Cattle will be difficult to control. Horses will run away when you try to catch them. Goats will kick over that bucket of hard-earned milk. A rooster will decide you got too close to his hens and give you a run for your money. In spite of all that, kids will learn to be patient and take things easy.There may not be any instant reward, but in the long term kids will see the benefit of all their efforts during those hard days.A. At the same time, they learn to work with others.B. Farm life also teaches kids the value of hard work.C. Children learn to be grateful for animals for eating purpose.D. Teamwork is no longer an important skill to develop and use.E. There are going to be a lot of days when things do not go your way.F. However, what they learn on a farm can also be instrumental in their future lives.G. Animals need to be fed, watered, and cared for before we get to sit down and relax.三、完形填空When I was a child, I always wanted to be a superhero. I wanted to ____1____ the world and then make everyone happy. But I knew that I’d need superpower to make my dreams come true. When I grew up and realized that science fiction was not a good source for ____2____, I decided to go on a journey of ____3____ science, to find a more useful truth.I started my journey in California with a UCBerkeley 30-year study that examined the photos of students in some old yearbooks and tried to ____4____ their success and wellbeing throughout their life. I ____5____ a celebrity’s picture. When I first saw his picture, I thought that these superpowers came from his super collar. But now I know it was all in his ____6____.Smiling stimulates our brain reward mechanism in a way that even chocolate—a well-regarded pleasure inducer—cannot ____7____. British researchers found that one smile can produce the same ____8____ of brain stimulation as up to 2,000 bars of chocolate. The same study found that smiling is as stimulating as ____9____ up to 16,000 pounds in cash. That’s like 25 thousand dollars a smile. It’s not bad.And, unlike lots of chocolate, lots of smiling can actually make you____10____.Smiling can help reduce the level of stress-enhancing hormones, increase the level of ____11____ hormones and reduce overall blood pressure.So whenever you want to look great and competent, reduce your ____12____ or feel as if you just had a whole stack of high-quality chocolate—without worrying about the caloric ____13____—or as if you found 25 thousand dollars in a pocket of an old jacket you hadn’t ____14____ for ages, or whenever you want to tap into a superpower that will help you and everyone ____15____ you live a longer, healthier, happier life, smile.1. A. occupy B. conquer C. save D. beautify2. A. superpower B. supernature C. superman D. superhero3. A. fake B. natural C. complicated D. real4. A. achieve B. examine C. make D. measure5. A. came across B. came out C. came over D. came up6. A. picture B. smile C. dream D. yearbook7. A. adopt B. award C. match D. stand8. A. number B. piece C. scale D. level9. A. receiving B. rewarding C. repeating D. recording10. A. happier B. healthier C. heavier D. hungrier11. A. self-enhancing B. skill-enhancingC. mood-enhancingD. strength-enhancing12. A. weight B. stress C. pleasure D. satisfaction13. A. lost B. requirement C. consumption D. cost14. A. fixed B. worn C. met D. known15. A. except B. besides C. around D. without四、语法填空Agricultural experts say crop diversity is important to feed the (1)____________ (increase) population of our planet. They say having a large variety of plants also (2) ____________ (help) to protect against possible crop diseases and future crises. But many experts say the number has decreased sharply during the past century.One of the world’s largest seed (3) ____________ (conserve) projects has predicted further losses. The Millennium Seed Bank Partnership is warning that up to one hundred thousand plant species could (4) ____________ (permanent) disappear. The rich collection of genes (5) ____________ decide their qualities would disappear with them.Many experts blame climate change and loss of habitat, normal growth area, (6) ____________ damaging plant life. They say human activities and poorly planned, overly heavy use of land also are responsible. Modern business farming is responsible for loss of farmers’ traditional crop (7) ____________ (various). The “Green Revolution” of the (8) ____________ (twenty) century changed agriculture. Some experts say the use of modern commercial farming methods saved millions of people from starvation. Farmers planted, watered, and fertilized their crops with the help of machines. They treated their fields with chemicals (9) ____________ (control) diseases and insects. Harvests grew larger and of higher quality, (10) ____________another result was that some traditional crops were lost. Damage to the environment over the past century makes people believe that crop diversity also suffered.一、1-5 on; in, by; for; at; herself6-10 had let; Although/Though/While; when; as, talking; whose11-15 where; where; which; when; what16-20 What; whatever; what; what; that21. when’ which/that, and22. a, who, parking23. rising, surrounding, was reduced24. surrounding, why, inspiration, philosophers25. who, optimistic, of, gone, what二、FGBAE三、CADDA BCDAB CBDBC四、1. increasing2. helps3. conservation4. permanently5. that/which6. for7. varieties8. twentieth9. to control10. but。
必修2工农业练习题
高一地理必修二工业农业作业练习一、单选题（共15题；共60分）1.读“美国农业分布图”，完成下列问题。
（1）图中①附近工农业生产的主要类型是（）A. 传统工业和乳畜业B. 高技术产业和商品谷物农业C. 新兴工业和水稻种植业D. 分散型工业和密集型农业（2）图中带标号的四个地区，主要粮食作物和农业地域类型与我国松嫩平原大体相同的是A. ①B. ②C. ③D. ④2.河北省提出要构筑环首都新型城市群，以三河、香河、大厂为基础，建设京东新城，以涿州市为基础，建设京南新城，以怀来县、涿鹿县为基础，建设京北新城。
读京津冀区域发展规划示意图。
回答下列各题。
（1）河北省提出的环首都城市群与北京和天津比较，优势主要体现在（）A. 土地租金低B. 交通便利C. 劳动力充足D. 产品需求大（2）在环首都城市群规划的产业中，不具有竞争力的是（）A. 现代农业B. 养老度假C. 零部件制造D. 产品研发3.工业布局强调企业经济收益的最大化，而城镇分布的合理化能提升城镇功能，从而更有效地带动区域经济繁荣。
下图示意我国某城市工业现阶段和计划扩散情况，读图完成下列问题。
（1）现阶段该中心城市大型工业的配套企业主要布局在距离中心城市10km左右的卫星镇，影响其布局的主要因素是()①地租②运费③政策④技术A. ①②B. ③④C. ①③D. ②④（2）该市政府为推动县城经济发展，计划采取“中心城市→县城→乡镇”梯度扩散模式，将配套企业的布局由卫星镇转移到县城。
为接受工业扩散，各县城要()①加强基础设施建设②建立产品研发机构③提升综合服务能力④弥补地价和运输成本A. ①②③B. ②③④C. ①③④D. ①②④4.下图为“中国造纸工业分布示意图”，读图完成下列各题。
（1）有关我国造纸工业空间分布特点的叙述，正确的有（）A. 西部地区没有造纸工业分布B. 造纸工业全部在沿海分布C. 造纸工业分布东多西少D. 省级行政中心没有造纸工业分布（2）造纸工业使用的原料品种丰富，按因地制宜原则，下列地区使用原料合理的有（）A. 北京——棉花、废纸 B. 黑龙江——木材、竹材C. 广东——甘蔗渣、桑树皮D. 甘肃——秸秆、芦苇5.随着电子商务在中国的发展，农村出现了一批专业的“淘宝村”，其特征是家庭网店数量多，比重高，电子商务总额大（超1千万元以上）。
2020一轮二轮农业专项训练参考答案
农业专项训练参考答案CBD ADC综合题：1.（1）制葡萄干多的原因：吐鲁番地区气候干旱、晴天多，易于晾制葡萄干；葡萄干便于保存和运输。
较少用于酿酒的原因：深居内陆，人口稀少，经济不发达，当地葡萄酒的市场需求有限；酿酒技术不先进，葡萄酒产业基础薄弱；空气湿度小，昼夜温差大，不利于将葡萄酒贮藏至自然老熟。
（2）吐鲁番地区降水少，光照充足，昼夜温差大，葡萄中积累的糖分多；冬季气温低，不利于害虫越冬，夏季紫外线强，葡萄病虫害少，种出的葡萄品质好；深居内陆，各类污染少；在四壁有洞孔的荫房内晾制，避免了强光暴晒，制成的葡萄干不发酸，糖分保留多，色泽好。
（3）时间：冬季。
原因：冬季气温低，多大风和暴雪，把葡萄植株埋入土中可减少大风和暴雪天气对葡萄植株的伤害；地下土壤湿度较大，保温保湿效果好，利于葡萄植株成活，次年从土中取出，可快速恢复葡萄植株的生长（4）同：都有利于地表水下渗，减少土壤水分蒸发，保持土壤水分；都有利于减弱风力或流水对土壤的侵蚀，起到保土保肥的作用；都可抑制杂草生长。
不同：铺放鹅卵石有利于增大昼夜温差，促进葡萄糖分的积累。
铺盖秸秆可减弱夜晚和冬季低温对葡萄植株的不利影响，起到保温作用；秸秆腐烂后可增加土壤的有机质，增加土壤的肥力。
2.（1）山地为主，平地面积狭小（1分）；修建梯田，扩大耕地面积（1分）；减轻水土流失（1分）；径流丰富，利于梯田灌溉（1分）。
（2）梯田的通风、光照条件较好，利于作物生长；山区海拔较高，稻谷生长周期长，利于有机质的积累；良性生态系统，化肥、农药施用量较少；江河、山溪水质较好，无污染；精耕细作。
（每点2分，任答四点即可）（3）森林植被丰富，腐殖质多，稻田土壤肥沃，饵料丰富；冬季稻田浸泡过冬，利于常年放养和生长各种鱼类；江河、山溪较多，水源稳定，水质较好。
（每点2分）（4）扩大种养面积；加大科技投入，优选品种；延长产业链，增加附加值；保护生态环境和传统文化；加强交通运输建设；发展旅游业；加强宣传，提高知名度。
工农业生产活动专项训练1与
工农业生产活动专项训练1某中学地理小组利用图2提供的信息开展探究学习。
结合图文材料，回答1～2题。
1．图中所示的L湖被污染。
学生经过分析确定，污染物主要来自A.城镇 B．牧区 C．林区 D.矿区2．学生对图2所示牧区分布的影响因素提出四组假设。
据图探究，其中正确的结论是A.气候、交通 B．土壤、市场C．水源、技术 D．地形、人口某山区为了改造低产的山坡地，先是增施肥料，但农作物增产效果徽弱。
后将山坡地改造成水平梯田，增产效果显者。
完成3～4题。
3．增施肥料效果微弱的最主要原因是该地A.土层薄B.降水变率大C.坡度大D.植被覆盖率低4．将山坡地改造成水平梯田．主要是为了A.调节大气温度B.提高土壤肥力C.增大空气湿度D.增加日照时数十八世纪墨累—达令盆地开始种植小麦，饲养绵羊，现已成为澳大利亚主要的农产品输出地。
随着农场规模、数量的扩大和墨累河河水引用过多，陆续出现了一些环境问题。
读图2(粗箭头代表主要流向，细箭头代表次要流向)，完成5—6题。
5．下列农业经营模式中，最能说明上述农业地域类型特征的是A．①B．②C．③D．④6．目前该盆地最有可能产生的环境问题是①土地盐碱化②河水流量增多，河口附近侵蚀作用增强③湖中的水生动植大量繁殖④湿地萎缩，牧草生长不良A．①④B．②③C．③④D．①②日本某汽车公司在中国建有多个整车生产厂和零部件生产厂。
2011年3月11日东日本大地震及随后的海啸、核辐射灾害，使该公司在灾区的土厂停产。
受其影响，该公司在中国的整车生产厂也被迫减产。
据此完成7～8题。
7．该公司在中国建零部件生产厂，主要目的是 A ．避免自然灾害对本土汽车生产的影响 B ．为其中国整车厂配套，降低整车生产成本 C ．利用中国廉价劳动力，为其日本整车厂服务 D ．建立其全球整车生产的零部件供应基地8．中国整车生产厂被迫减产是由于该公司在灾区有 A ．研发中心 B ．一般零部件厂 C ．核心零部件厂 D ．整车厂图1示意我国东部主要石化基地和企业的分布。
中国的农业限时练2参考
高中地理2018年11月28日课时练姓名：___________班级：___________ 分数：___________一、单选题粮食生产集中度是指某时期某地区粮食产量占全国粮食总产量的比重。
下表反映我国不同雨量带粮食生产集中度的变化。
据此完成下列各题。
1．1990～2010年，我国粮食生产重心的变化趋势是( )A．由中温带移向暖温带B．由半湿润区移向湿润区C．由亚热带移向暖温带D．由半干旱区移向半湿润区2．我国粮食生产集中度变化的最主要原因是( )A．全球气候变化B．区域经济发展差异C．农业技术进步D．交通运输网络发展3．我国粮食生产集中度的变化( )A．提高了农业机械化水平B．更有利于水热资源的高效利用C．减轻了交通运输的压力D．增加了台风、洪涝灾害风险4．春季寒潮可能影响到的农业生产活动有①山东半岛的水果生产②华北地区冬小麦的播种③江淮地区早稻的种植④海南岛的橡胶生产⑤渭河平原小麦的生长A．①②④B．①②⑤C．③④⑤D．①③⑤下表为1981-2011年我国主要省份小麦产量占全国小麦总产量的比例排序（前五位）。
据此完成下列各题。
5．据表判断我国小麦生产重心总体在A．南移B．东移C．西移D．北移6．我国小麦生产表现出地区专业化的趋势。
这种趋势会A．增加农产品的种类B．提高粮食生产成本C．增加小麦种植面积D．促进技术进步和创新“第六产业”是指农户不仅种植农作物，而且从事农产品加工与销售，即将第一、二、三产业相加(1＋2＋3)或相乘(1×2×3)，正好都等于6，故名“第六产业”。
成都市浦江县成佳镇有着“中国西部绿茶之乡”的美誉，通过发展“第六产业”，昔日单一茶叶种植园又成为茶叶新品种培育基地、高端茶叶产业园和乡村旅游的“观光景点”，经济效益显著提升。
据此完成下列各题。
7．成佳镇茶叶种植园的中心产业为( )A．茶园旅游B．茶叶销售C．茶叶加工D．茶叶种植8．成佳镇发展“第六产业”主要是为了( )A．改善茶叶品质，拓展销售的渠道B．增加就业岗位，推动城市化进程C．延长茶园产业链，增加产品附加值D．创造优美环境，促进旅游业的发展下表为江西、福建、黑龙江、河南四省2009年粮食及稻谷产量(单位：万吨)。
2020届高三二轮复习：第2部分 专题7 农业限时提能练
专题七农业(时间:45分钟满分:100分)测控导航(2017·陕西西安模拟)下图中甲、乙、丙为世界三种典型的农业地域类型。
据此回答1～2题:1.甲农业地域类型可能位于( )A.印度恒河平原B.阿根廷潘帕斯草原C.美国中部平原D.澳大利亚墨累—达令盆地2.与乙农业地域类型相比,丙农业地域类型的显著特点是( )A.生产规模大B.机械化程度高C.商品率高D.市场适应性差解析:1.A 2.D 第1题,由图可知,甲农业地域类型以种植业为主,且商品率低。
选项中,印度恒河平原的农业地域类型为季风水田农业,符合图中甲农业地域类型的特点;潘帕斯草原的农业地域类型是大牧场放牧业,美国中部平原的农业地域类型为商品谷物农业,澳大利亚墨累—达令盆地的农业地域类型为混合农业,这三种农业类型的商品率较高。
第2题,根据图中信息可知,乙农业地域类型种植业和畜牧业比重相当,且商品率较高,应为混合农业;丙农业地域类型以畜牧业为主,且商品率高,应为畜牧业。
相比之下,畜牧业的生产结构单一,产品对市场的适应性较差。
(2017·天津模拟)下图是我国柑橘优势区域及生产分布示意图。
读图,回答3～4题:3.汉中地区为我国柑橘生产的最北端,与粤赣闽地区相比,该地能生产柑橘的自然条件是( )A.光照充足,热量更丰富B.土层深厚,红壤更肥沃C.亚热带季风气候,降水充足D.北部有山地天然屏障,冷空气不易入侵4.提高汉中地区柑橘单产的最有效途径是( )A.增加化肥的施用B.提高机械化水平C.选用优良品种D.减少其他水果的种植面积,改种柑橘解析:3.D 4.C 第3题,图中汉中地区北部为东西走向的秦岭山脉,阻挡了冬季风的入侵,使该地区冬季气温相对较高,适宜柑橘生长。
相比而言,粤赣闽地区纬度更低,热量更丰富,降水更充足;红壤呈酸性,较为贫瘠。
第4题,农业技术的提高和培育优良品种是提高柑橘生长适应能力的最有效途径,有助于提高单产;减少其他水果的种植面积,改种柑橘不符合实际,做法不可取;增加化肥的施用也可提高单产,但不是从根本上提高单产的有效做法;机械化水平的提高可以提高劳动效率,但不能提高单产。
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图3为我国某区域农业生产景观图。
读图回答1~3题。
图3
1.该农业生产模式为
A.灌溉农业
B.雨养农业
C.生态农业
D.林网农业
2.图示农业模式主要分布规律为 ①多分布于湿润地区 ②多分布于半湿润地区 ③多分布于半干旱地区 ④多分布于干旱地区 A.①② B.②③ C.③④ D.①④
3.图示农业生产模式的优越性，主要是 A.改善生态环境，增强防灾抗灾能力，兼顾经济观赏效应。
B.扩大粮食种植面积，提高粮食总产量
C.使粮食作物能更多的利用太阳光能进行光合作用
D.有利于大型机械化的实施
垦殖指数是指一个地区耕地面积占土地总面积的比例,它是衡量一个地区土地资源开发利用程度的重要指标,通常以百分数表示。
下列为世界及各地区耕地垦殖指数和人均占有耕地面积变化表。
4．亚洲的垦殖指数较高其原因是
A ．地形多种多样,以平原为主
B ．季风气候显著,气象灾害较少
C ．地域辽阔,矿产资源丰富
D ．农垦历史悠久,人口数量最多 5．表中所示2000年与1950年相比的结果是
A ．欧洲因人口增长较快，所以人均耕地面积减少
B ．大洋洲因人口负增长，所以人均耕地面积增加
C ．北美洲垦殖指数的增长率低于世界平均水平
D ．非洲因机械化水平高导致垦殖指数上升 读“我国东部某地区交通图”和“农产品分布图”，回答问题。
6．下列说法正确的是
A.该地区农业优势区位为：地势低平，热量条件差，复种指数低
B.该地区今后要退耕还牧，注意保护生态环境
C.该地区今后农业要发展大型农业机械以提高劳动生产率
D.为促进农业可持续发展该地区应该修建水利设施，调节灌溉用水的季节变化 7．因地制宜解决图示区域农村生活能源问题的有效途径是 A.建设小水电站 B.开采小煤窑 C.发展沼气及核电 D.砍伐小树林
下图为世界两岛屿图，读图回答8——9题。
8.关干甲乙两岛屿所在国的说法，正确的是
A.从主要农业地域类型看，甲为大牧场放牧业，乙为水稻种植业
B.从气候类型看，甲地终年温和多雨，乙地终年高温多雨
C.甲地比乙地的城市化起步早、水平高、发展速度慢
D.甲乙两地都位干板块交界地带，多火山和地震等地质灾害
9.当甲乙两地的主导风向相同时，下列说法正确的是()
A.甲地的正午太阳高度和昼长值都比乙地小
B.珠江三角洲和开普敦都处干多雨期
C.亚欧大陆等温线向南凸出
D.我国北方处干沙尘暴的多发季节
甘肃榆中（36°N ，105°E ）是我国的“高原夏菜”基地，山东寿光（36°N ，118°E ）是我国有名的蔬菜之乡。
10．从榆中飞往寿光，最短航线为（ ）
A ．先东北，后东南 B. 先西南，后西北 C ．先东南，后东北 D. 一直向东 11．与寿光相比，甘肃榆中发展“高原夏菜”优势自然条件有（ ）
A ．位于黄土高原，土壤深厚肥沃
B ．温带季风气候，雨热同期
C ．海拔高，光照好，昼夜温差大
D ．平原地形，地势平坦广阔
我国某房地产开发商在某城市开发了别墅式海滨景观房（图1），宣传四季都可以观看海上日出（晴天），别墅很快销售一空。
12. 入住后一段时间，最近出现了大部分住户联合把开发商告上法庭的现象，其原因最可能是（ ）
A. 夏季，大部分住户无法看到海山日出
B. 冬季，大部分住户无法看到海上日出
C. 全年，大部分住户无法看到海山日出
D. 楼间距太小，根本无法看到海上日出 13. 该小区每幢别墅都安装了太阳能热水器（图2），图3 为某地理兴趣小组的同学绘制的该小区一年多太阳能热水器与地面的夹角α的变化情况，判断图3中表示6月22日的点是（ ）
A ．①
B ．②
C ．③
D ．④
读图，回答下列问题。
(34分)
图甲 中国东北部地区气温年较差分布图 图乙 美国本土气温年较差分布图 (1)读图，说明图甲中的A 地与图乙中的B 地等温差线在突出方向上有何不同，试分析
其主要影响因素。
(9分)
(2)B 所在国家与Ｃ地区相同的农业地域类型是什么？试分析两地发展该农业地域类型条件的异同。
(13分) (3)图中A 、B 、C 、D 四地的自然环境各具特色，请指出在开发过程中各自应解决的主要问题。
(12分) 36.(34分)
(1)A 地等温差线向北(或向高纬)突出(3分)，B 地等温差线向南(或向低纬)突出(3分)。
受地形影响，A 处为山地（或大兴安岭），B 处为平原（或中央大平原）(3分)。
(2)商品谷物农业(3分)
相同点：耕地面积广大；农业机械化程度高；土壤比较肥沃。
(6分)
不同点：B 所在的国家（美国）农业科技水平更高一些，专业化水平更高一些。
(4分)
(3)A 地分布的主要是林地，应合理利用和保护森林资源，禁止乱砍滥伐等(3分)；
B 地分布的主要是草原，应防止土地过度垦殖造成水土流失，再次引发黑风暴(3分)；
C 地分布的主要是沼泽，要解决的主要问题是防止湿地生态系统进一步遭到破坏(3分)；
D 地分布的主要是草原，应防止过度放牧、过度垦殖产生的草场退化、土地荒漠化等问题出现(
马格里布地区示意图，图 2 为该地区瓦德市的气候统计图，表 1 为图 1 中①、②两城市各月平均日照时数表（单位：小时）。
完成下列问题。
（1）说出图 1 中断层南、北两侧的主要地形类型，并分析该断层的成因。
（12 分）
（2）比较图 1中①、②两城市冬季日照时数的差异，并分析原因。
（ 10分）
（3）瓦德地区种植了大量的椰枣树，请结合当地自然环境特点，分析椰枣树的生长习性。
（8 分）
36．（30分）
（1）断层南侧以高原、丘陵为主（3分）；北侧以山地为主（3分）。
位于板块交界处（2分），岩层多挤压、断裂（2分），并产生位移（2分）。
（2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、12） （2）冬季①地比②地日照时数少（2分）。
原因：①地比②地纬度高，冬季昼长更短（2分）；①地较
②地更靠近沿海，冬季受西风影响更强，阴雨天气更多（2分）；①地处于迎风坡，多阴雨（2
分）；①地比②地海拔低，日出较晚（2分）。
（2、4、6、8、10） （3）当地总体年均温较高，说明其耐炎热（2分）；当地年降水量少（周边多沙漠分布），说明其耐干旱（2分）；当地有大量盐沼分布，说明其耐盐碱（2分），同时又喜湿润（2
下图是我国某地区图，图中虚线为不同时期种植业分布北界。
图中的红碱淖湖系中国最大沙漠淡水湖，也是世界上最大的遗鸥繁殖与栖息地和重要的产鱼基地，素有“大漠明珠”之称，近几年来，红碱淖的水位以每年20一30厘米的速度下降，水域面积从1996年的67平方公里缩小到现在的41.8平方
公里，水质也不断恶化,pH 值由7.4-7.8上升到9.0——9.42。
这远远超出了鱼类生存的极限。
请结合下图，回答下列问题。
(2)结合图文资料分析:红碱淖湖生态环境不断恶化的主要原因是什么？(6分)
(3)图示区域种植业分布向北扩展对该区域生态环境有何不利影响?(2分)。