2010年真题以及答案

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2010年专八真题及参考答案

TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2010)-GRADE EIGHT-PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSION (35 MIN)SECTION A MINI-LECTUREIn this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to complete a gap-filling task after the mini-lecture. When the lecture is over, you will be given two minutes to check your notes, and another ten minutes to complete the gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.Complete the gap-filling task. Some of the gaps below may require a maximum of THREE words. Make sure the word(s) you fill in is (are) both grammatically & semantically acceptable. You may refer to your notes.Paralinguistic Features of LanguageIn face-to-face communication speakers often alter their tomes of voice or change their physical postures in order to convey messages. These means are called paralinguistic features of language, which fall into two categories.First category: vocal paralinguistic features(1)__________: to express attitude or intention (1)__________ Examples1. whispering: need for secrecy2. breathiness: deep emotion3. (2)_________: unimportance (2)__________4. nasality: anxiety5. extra lip-rounding: greater intimacySecond category: physical paralinguistic featuresfacial expressions(3)_______ (3)__________----- smiling: signal of pleasure or welcomeless common expressions----- eye brow raising: surprise or interest----- lip biting: (4)________ (4)_________ gesturegestures are related to culture.British culture----- shrugging shoulders: (5) ________ (5)__________----- scratching head: puzzlementother cultures----- placing hand upon heart:(6)_______ (6)__________----- pointing at nose: secretproximity, posture and echoingproximity: physical distance between speakers----- closeness: intimacy or threat----- (7)_______: formality or absence of interest (7)_________ Proximity is person-, culture- and (8)________ -specific. (8)_________ posture----- hunched shoulders or a hanging head: to indicate(9)_____ (9)________----- direct level eye contact: to express an open or challenging attitudeechoing----- definition: imitation of similar posture----- (10)______: aid in communication (10)___________----- conscious imitation: mockerySECTION B INTERVIEWIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONL Y. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on ANSWER SHEET TWO.Questions 1 to 5 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 10 seconds to answer each of the following five questions.Now listen to the interview.1. According to Dr Johnson, diversity meansA. merging of different cultural identities.B. more emphasis on homogeneity.C. embracing of more ethnic differences.D. acceptance of more branches of Christianity.2. According to the interview, which of the following statements in CORRECT?A. Some places are more diverse than others.B. Towns are less diverse than large cities.C. Diversity can be seen everywhere.D. American is a truly diverse country.3. According to Dr Johnson, which place will witness a radical change in its racial makeup by 2025?A. MaineB. SelinsgroveC. PhiladelphiaD. California4. During the interview Dr Johnson indicates thatA. greater racial diversity exists among younger populations.B. both older and younger populations are racially diverse.C. age diversity could lead to pension problems.D. older populations are more racially diverse.5. According to the interview, religious diversityA. was most evident between 1990 and 2000.B. exists among Muslim immigrants.C. is restricted to certain places in the US.D. is spreading to more parts of the country.SECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section you will hear everything ONCE ONL Y. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on your coloured answer sheet.Question 6 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 10 seconds to answer the question.Now listen to the news.6. What is the main idea of the news item?A. Sony developed a computer chip for cell phones.B. Japan will market its wallet phone abroad.C. The wallet phone is one of the wireless innovations.D. Reader devices are available at stores and stations.Question 7 and 8 is based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.Now listen to the news.7. Which of the following is mentioned as the government’s measure to control inflation?A. Foreign investment.B. Donor support.C. Price control.D. Bank prediction.8. According to Kingdom Bank, what is the current inflation rate in Zimbabwe?A. 20 million percent.B. 2.2 million percent.C. 11.2 million percent.D. Over 11.2 million percent.Question 9 and 10 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the question.Now listen to the news.9. Which of the following is CORRECT?A. A big fire erupted on the Nile River.B. Helicopters were used to evacuate people.C. Five people were taken to hospital for burns.D. A big fire took place on two floors.10. The likely cause of the big fire isA. electrical short-cut.B. lack of fire-satefy measures.C. terrorism.D. not known.PART IIREADING COMPREHENSION (30 MIN)In this section there are four reading passages followed by a total of 20 multiple-choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers on your coloured answer sheet.TEXT AStill, the image of any city has a half-life of many years. (So does its name, officially changed in 2001 from Calcutta to Kolkata, which is closer to what the word sounds like in Bengali. Conversing in English, I never heard anyone call the city anything but Calcutta.) To Westerners, the conveyance most identified with Kolkata is not its modern subway—a facility whose spacious stations have art on the walls and cricket matches on television monitors—but the hand-pulled rickshaw. Stories and films celebrate a primitive-looking cart with high wooden wheels, pulled by someone who looks close to needing the succor of Mother Teresa. For years the government has been talking about eliminating hand-pulled rickshaws on what it calls humanitarian grounds—principally on the ground that, as the mayor of Kolkata has often said, it is offensive to see ―one man sweating and straining to pull another man.‖ But these days politicians also lament the impact of 6,000 hand-pulled rickshaw s on a modern city’s traffic and, particularly, on its image. ―Westerners try to associate beggars and these rickshaws with the Calcutta landscape, but this is not what Calcutta stands for,‖ the chief minister of West Bengal, Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee, said in a press conference in 2006. ―Our city stands for prosperity and development.‖ The chief minister—the equivalent of a state governor—went on to announce that hand-pulled rickshaws soon would be banned from the streets of Kolkata.Rickshaws are not there to haul around tourists. (Actually, I saw almost no tourists in Kolkata, apart from the young backpackers on Sudder Street, in what used to be a red-light district and is now said to be the single place in the city where the services a rickshaw puller offers may include providing female company to a gentleman for the evening.) It’s the people in the lanes who most regularly use rickshaws—not the poor but people who are just a notch above the poor. They are people who tend to travel short distances, through lanes that are sometimes inaccessible to even the most daring taxi driver. An older woman with marketing to do, for instance, can arrive in a rickshaw, have the rickshaw puller wait until she comes back from various stalls to load her purchases, and then be taken home. People in the lanes use rickshaws as a 24-hour ambulance service. Proprietors of cafés or corner stores send rickshaws to collect their supplies. (One morning I saw a rickshaw puller take on a load of livechickens—tied in pairs by the feet so they could be draped over the shafts and the folded back canopy and even the axle. By the time he trotted off, he was carrying about a hundred upside-down chickens.) The rickshaw pullers told me their steadiest customers are schoolchildren. Middle-class families contract with a puller to take a child to school and pick him up; the puller essentially becomes a family retainer. From June to September Kolkata can get torrential rains, and its drainage system doesn’t need torrential rain to begin backing up. Residents who favor a touch of hyperbole say that in Kolkata ―if a stray cat pees, there’s a flood.‖ During my stay it once rained for about 48 hours. Entire neighborhoods couldn’t be reached by motorized vehicles, and the newspapers showed pictures of rickshaws being pulled through water that was up to the pullers’ waists. When it’s raining, the normal customer base for rickshaw pullers expands greatly, as does the price of a journey. A writer in Kolkata told me, ―When it rains, even the governor takes rickshaws.‖While I was in Kolkata, a magazine called India Today published its annual ranking of Indian states, according to such measurements as prosperity and infrastructure. Among India’s 20 largest states, Bihar finished dead last, as it has for four of the past five years. Bihar, a couple hundred miles north of Kolkata, is where the vast majority of rickshaw pullers come from. Once in Kolkata, they sleep on the street or in their rickshaws or in a dera—a combination garage and repair shop and dormitory managed by someone called a sardar. For sleeping privileges in a dera, pullers pay 100 rupees (about $2.50) a month, which sounds like a pretty good deal until you’ve visited a dera. They gross between 100 and 150 rupees a day, out of which they have to pay 20 rupees for the use of the rickshaw and an occasional 75 or more for a payoff if a policeman stops them for, say, crossing a street where rickshaws are prohibited. A 2003 study found that rickshaw pullers are near the bottom of Kolkata occupations in income, doing better than only the ragpickers and the beggars. For someone without land or education, that still beats trying to make a living in Bihar.There are people in Kolkata, particularly educated and politically aware people, who will not ride in a rickshaw, because they are offended by the idea of being pulled by another human being or because they consider it not the sort of thing people of their station do or because they regard the hand-pulled rickshaw as a relic of colonialism. Ironically, some of those people are not enthusiastic about banning rickshaws. The editor of the editorial pages of Kolkata’s Telegraph—Rudrangshu Mukherjee, a former academic who still writes history books—told me, for instance, that he sees humanitarian considerations as coming down on the side of keeping hand-pulled rickshaws on the road. ―I refuse to be carried by another human being myself,‖ he said, ―but I question whether we have the right to take away their livelihood.‖ Rickshaw supporters point out that when it comes to demeaning occupations, rickshaw pullers are hardly unique in Kolkata.When I asked one rickshaw puller if he thought the government’s plan to rid the cityof rickshaws was based on a genuine interest in his welfare, he smiled, with a quick shake of his head—a gesture I interpreted to mean, ―If you are so naive as to ask such a question, I will answer it, but it is not worth wasting words on.‖ Some rickshaw pullers I met were resigned to the imminent end of their livelihood and pin their hopes on being offered something in its place. As migrant workers, they don’t have the political clout enjoyed by, say, Kolkata’s sidewalk hawkers, who, after supposedly being scaled back at the beginning of the modernization drive, still clog the sidewalks, selling absolutely everything—or, as I found during the 48 hours of rain, absolutely everything but umbrellas. ―The government was the government of the poor people,‖ one sardar told me. ―Now they shake hands with the capitalists and try to get rid of poor people.‖But others in Kolkata believe that rickshaws will simply be confined more strictly to certain neighborhoods, out of the view of World Bank traffic consultants and California investment delegations—or that they will be allowed to die out naturally as they’re supplanted by more modern conveyances. Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee, after all, is not the first high West Bengal official to say that rickshaws would be off the streets of Kolkata in a matter of months. Similar statements have been made as far back as 1976. The ban decreed by Bhattacharjee has been delayed by a court case and by a widely held belief that some retraining or social security settlement ought to be offered to rickshaw drivers. It may also have been delayed by a quiet reluctance to give up something that has been part of the fabric of the city for more than a century. Kolkata, a resident told me, ―has difficulty letting go.‖ One day a city official handed me a report from the municipal government laying out options for how rickshaw pullers might be rehabilitated.―Which option has been chosen?‖ I asked, noting that the report was dated almost exactly a year before my visit.―That hasn’t been decided,‖ he said.―When will it be decided?‖―That hasn’t been decided,‖ he said.11. According to the passage, rickshaws are used in Kolkata mainly for the following EXCEPTA. taking foreign tourists around the city.B. providing transport to school children.C. carrying store supplies and purchasesD. carrying people over short distances.12. Which of the following statements best describes the rickshaw pullers from Bihar?A. They come from a relatively poor area.B. They are provided with decent accommodation.C. Their living standards are very low in Kolkata.D. They are often caught by policemen in the streets.13. That “For someone without land or education, that still beats trying to make a living in Bihar” (4 paragraph) means that even so,A. the poor prefer to work and live in Bihar.B. the poor from Bihar fare better than back home.C. the poor never try to make a living in Bihar.D. the poor never seem to resent their life in Kolkata.14. We can infer from the passage that some educated and politically aware peopleA. hold mixed feelings towards rickshaws.B. strongly support the ban on rickshaws.C. call for humanitarian actions fro rickshaw pullers.D. keep quiet on the issue of banning rickshaws.15. Which of the following statements conveys the author’s sense of humor?A. ―…not the poor but people who are just a notch above the poor.‖ (2 paragraph)B. ―…,.which sounds like a pretty good deal until you’ve visited a dera.‖ (4 paragraph)C. Kolkata, a resident told me, ― has difficulty letting go.‖ (7 paragraph).D.―…or, as I found during the 48 hours of rain, absolutely everything but umbrellas.‖(6 paragraph)16. The dialogue between the author and the city official at the end of the passage seems to suggestA. the uncertainty of the court’s decision.B. the inefficiency of the municipal government.C. the difficulty of finding a good solution.D. the slowness in processing options.TEXT BDepending on whom you believe, the average American will, over a lifetime, wait in lines for two years (says National Public Radio) or five years (according to customer-loyalty experts).The crucial word is average, as wealthy Americans routinely avoid lines altogether. Once the most democratic of institutions, lines are rapidly becoming the exclusive province of suckers(people who still believe in and practice waiting in lines). Poor suckers, mostly.Airports resemble France before the Revolution: first-class passengers enjoy "élite" security lines and priority boarding, and disembark before the unwashed in coach, held at bay by a flight attendant, are allowed to foul the Jetway.At amusement parks, too, you can now buy your way out of line. This summer I haplessly watched kids use a $52 Gold Flash Pass to jump the lines at Six Flags NewEngland, and similar systems are in use in most major American theme parks, from Universal Orlando to Walt Disney World, where the haves get to watch the have-mores breeze past on their way to their seats.Flash Pass teaches children a valuable lesson in real-world economics: that the rich are more important than you, especially when it comes to waiting. An NBA player once said to me, with a bemused chuckle of disbelief, that when playing in Canada--get this--"we have to wait in the same customs line as everybody else." Almost every line can be breached for a price. In several U.S. cities this summer, early arrivers among the early adopters waiting to buy iPhones offered to sell their spots in the lines. On Craigslist, prospective iPhone purchasers offered to pay "waiters" or "placeholders" to wait in line for them outside Apple stores. Inevitably, some semi-populist politicians have seen the value of sort-of waiting in lines with the ordinary people. This summer Philadelphia mayor John Street waited outside an AT&T store from 3:30 a.m. to 11:30 a.m. before a stand-in from his office literally stood in for the mayor while he conducted official business. And billionaire New York mayor Michael Bloomberg often waits for the subway with his fellow citizens, though he's first driven by motorcade past the stop nearest his house to a station 22 blocks away, where the wait, or at least the ride, is shorter.As early as elementary school, we're told that jumping the line is an unethical act, which is why so many U.S. lawmakers have framed the immigration debate as a kind of fundamental sin of the school lunch line. Alabama Senator Richard Shelby, to cite just one legislator, said amnesty would allow illegal immigrants "to cut in line ahead of millions of people."Nothing annoys a national lawmaker more than a person who will not wait in line, unless that line is in front of an elevator at the U.S. Capitol, where Senators and Representatives use private elevators, lest they have to queue with their constituents. But compromising the integrity of the line is not just antidemocratic, it's out-of-date. There was something about the orderly boarding of Noah's Ark, two by two, that seemed to restore not just civilization but civility during the Great Flood.How civil was your last flight? Southwest Airlines has first-come, first-served festival seating. But for $5 per flight, an unaffiliated company called will secure you a coveted "A" boarding pass when that airline opens for online check-in 24 hours before departure. Thus, the savvy traveler doesn't even wait in line when he or she is online.Some cultures are not renowned for lining up. Then again, some cultures are too adept at lining up: a citizen of the former Soviet Union would join a queue just so he could get to the head of that queue and see what everyone was queuing for.And then there is the U.S., where society seems to be cleaving into two groups: Very Important Persons, who don't wait, and Very Impatient Persons, who do--unhappily. For those of us in the latter group-- consigned to coach, bereft of Flash Pass, too pooror proper to pay a placeholder --what do we do? We do what Vladimir and Estragon did in Waiting for Godot: "We wait. We are bored."17. What does the following sentence mean? “Once the most democratic of institutions, lines are rapidly becoming the exclusive province of suck ers…Poor suckers, mostly.” (2 paragraph)A. Lines are symbolic of America’s democracy.B. Lines still give Americans equal opportunities.C. Lines are now for ordinary Americans only.D. Lines are for people with democratic spirit only.18. Which of the following is NOT cited as an example of breaching the line?A. Going through the customs at a Canadian airport.B. Using Gold Flash Passes in amusement parks.C. First-class passenger status at airports.D. Purchase of a place in a line from a placeholder.19. We can infer from the passage that politicians (including mayors and Congressmen)A. prefer to stand in lines with ordinary people.B. advocate the value of waiting in lines.C. believe in and practice waiting in lines.D. exploit waiting in lines for their own good.20. What is the tone of the passage?A. Instructive.B. Humorous.TEXT CA bus took him to the West End, where, among the crazy coloured fountains of illumination, shattering the blue dusk with green and crimson fire, he found the caféof his choice, a tea-shop that had gone mad and turned. Bbylonian, a while palace with ten thousand lights. It towered above the other building like a citadel, which indeed it was, the outpost of a new age, perhaps a new civilization, perhaps a new barbarism; and behind the thin marble front were concrete and steel, just as behind the careless profusion of luxury were millions of pence, balanced to the last halfpenny. Somewhere in the background, hidden away, behind the ten thousand llights and acres of white napery and bewildering glittering rows of teapots, behind the thousand waitresses and cash-box girls and black-coated floor managers and temperamental long-haired violinists, behind the mounds of cauldrons of stewed steak, the vanloads of ices, were a few men who went to work juggling with fractions of a farming, who knew how many units of electricity it took to finish a steak-and-kidney pudding and how many minutes and seconds a waitress( five feet four in height and in average health) would need to carry a tray of given weight from the kitchen life to the table in the far corner. In short, there was a warm, sensuous, vulgar life flowering in the upperstoreys, and a cold science working in the basement. Such as the gigantic tea-shop into which Turgis marched, in search not of mere refreshment but of all the enchantment of unfamiliar luxury. Perhaps he knew in his heart that men have conquered half the known world, looted whole kingdoms, and never arrived in such luxury. The place was built for him.It was built for a great many other people too, and, as usual, they were al there. It seemed with humanity. The marble entrance hall, piled dizzily with bonbons and cakes, was as crowded and bustling as a railway station. The gloom and grime of the streets, the raw air, all November, were at once left behind, forgotten: the atmosphere inside was golden, tropical, belonging to some high mid-summer of confectionery. Disdaining the lifts, Turgis, once more excited by the sight, sound, and smell of it all, climbed the wide staircase until he reached his favourite floor, whre an orchestra, led by a young Jewish violinist with wandering lustrous eyes and a passion for tremolo effects, acted as a magnet to a thousand girls, scented air, the sensuous clamour of the strings; and, as he stood hesitating a moment, half dazed, there came, bowing, s sleek grave man, older than he was and far more distinguished than he could ever hope to be, who murmured deferentially: ― For one, sir? This way, please,‖ Shyly, yet proudly, Turgis followed him.21. That “behind the thin marble front were concrete and steel” suggests thatA. modern realistic commercialism existed behind the luxurious appearance.B. there was a fundamental falseness in the style and the appeal of the café..C. the architect had made a sensible blend of old and new building materials.D. the café was based on physical foundations and real economic strength.22. The following words or phrases are somewhat critical of the tea-shop EXCEPTA. ―…turned Babylonian‖.B. ―perhaps a new barbarism’.C. ―acres of white napery‖.D. ―balanced to the last halfpenny‖.23. In its context the statement that “ the place was built for him” means that the café was intended toA. please simple people in a simple way.B. exploit gullible people like him.C. satisfy a demand that already existed.D. provide relaxation for tired young men.24. Which of the following statements about the second paragraph is NOT true?A. The café appealed to most senses simultaneously.B. The café was both full of people and full of warmth.C. The inside of the café was contrasted with the weather outside.D. It stressed the commercial determination of the café owners.25. The following are comparisons made by the author in the second paragraph EXCEPT thatA. the entrance hall is compared to a railway station.B. the orchestra is compared to a magnet.C. Turgis welcomed the lift like a conquering soldier.D. the interior of the café is compared to warm countries.26. The author’s attitude to the c afé isA. fundamentally critical.B. slightly admiring.C. quite undecided.D. completely neutral.TEXT DI Now elsewhere in the world, Iceland may be spoken of, somewhat breathlessly, as western Europe’s last pristine wilderness. But the environmental a wareness that is sweeping the world had bypassed the majority of Icelanders. Certainly they were connected to their land, the way one is complicatedly connected to, or encumbered by, family one can’t do anything about. But the truth is, once you’re off the beat-en paths of the low-lying coastal areas where everyone lives, the roads are few, and they’re all bad, so Iceland’s natural wonders have been out of reach and unknown even to its own inhab-itants. For them the land has always just been there, something that had to be dealt with and, if possible, exploited—the mind-set being one of land as commodity rather than land as, well, priceless art on the scale of the ―Mona Lisa.‖When the opportunity arose in 2003 for the national power company to enter into a 40-year contract with the American aluminum company Alcoa to supply hydroelectric power for a new smelter, those who had been dreaming of some-thing like this for decades jumped at it and never looked back. Iceland may at the moment be one of the world’s r ichest countries, with a 99 percent literacy rate and long life expectancy. But the proj-ect’s advocates, some of them getting on in years, were more emotionally attuned to the country’s century upon century of want, hardship, and colonial servitude to Denmark, which officially had ended only in 1944 and whose psychological imprint remained relatively fresh. For the longest time, life here had meant little more than a sod hut, dark all winter, cold, no hope, children dying left and right, earthquakes, plagues, starvation, volcanoes erupting and destroying all vegeta-tion and livestock, all spirit—a world revolving almost entirely around the welfare of one’s sheep and, later, on how good the cod catch was. In the outlying regions, it still largely does.Ostensibly, the Alcoa project was intended to save one of these dying regions—the remote and sparsely populated east—where the way of life had steadily declined to a point of desperation and gloom. After fishing quotas were imposed in the early 1980sto protect fish stocks, many indi-vidual boat owners sold their allotments or gave them away, fishing rights ended up mostly in the hands of a few companies, and small fishermen were virtually wiped out. Technological advances drained away even more jobs previously done by human hands, and the people were seeing every-thing they had worked for all their lives turn up worthless and their children move away. With the old way of life doomed, aluminum projects like this one had come to be perceived, wisely or not, as a l ast chance. ―Smelter or death.‖The contract with Alcoa would infuse the re-gion with foreign capital, an estimated 400 jobs, and spin-off service industries. It also was a way for Iceland to develop expertise that potentially could be sold to the rest of the world; diversify an economy historically dependent on fish; and, in an appealing display of Icelandic can-do verve, perhaps even protect all of Iceland, once and for all, from the unpredictability of life itself.―We have to live,‖ Halldór Ásgrímsson s aid in his sad, sonorous voice. Halldór, a former prime minister and longtime member of parliament from the region, was a driving force behind the project. ―We have a right to live.‖27. According to the passage, most Icelanders view land as something ofA. environmental value.B. commercial value.C. potential value for tourism.D. great value for livelihood.28. What is Iceland’s old-aged advocates’ feeling towards the Alcoa project?A. Iceland is wealthy enough to reject the project.B. The project would lower life expectancy.C. The project would cause environmental problems.D. The project symbolizes and end to the colonial legacies.29. The disappearance of the old way of life was due to all the following EXCEPTA. fewer fishing companies.B. fewer jobs available.C. migration of young people.D. impostion of fishing quotas.30. The 4 paragraph in the passageA. sums up the main points of the passage.B. starts to discuss an entirely new point.C. elaborates on the last part of the 3 paragraph.D. continues to depict the bleak economic situation.PART III GENERAL KNOWLEDGE (10 MIN)There are ten multiple-choice questions in this section. Choose the best answer to each question. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET TWO.。

2010年专四真题单选及答案详解

2010年51. Which of the following italicized phrases indicates CAUSE?A. Why don't you do it for the sake of your friends?B. I wish I could write as well as you.C. For all his efforts, he didn't get an A.D. Her eyes were red from excessive reading.答案： D. 本题为句意理解题。

句中的斜体字部分from excessive reading是眼睛红的原因，故选D。

句意：由于看书太多，她的眼睛红了。

52. Nancy's gone to work but her car's still there. She _________by bus.A. must have goneB. should have goneC. ought to have goneD. could have gone答案 A. 考查情态动词。

must用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测，意为“一定”。

当must后接完成时的时候，表示对已发生的事情的推测。

根据句意，此处应该为有把握的推测，故选A。

句意：南希去上班了，但她的车还在那儿。

她一定是坐公交车去的。

53. He feels that he is not yet to travel abroad.A. too strongB. enough strongC. so strongD. strong enough答案. D. 考查惯用结构。

enough to do sth.是惯用结构，enough前必须有其他形容词或副词。

句意：他感到自己还没有强壮到可以去国外旅行。

54. After seemed an endless wait, it was his turn to enter the personnel manager's office.A. thatB. itC. whatD. there答案 C. 考查宾语从句。

国考真题与解析(2010年)

国考真题与解析(2010年)第一部分言语理解与表达（此部分解析收到了醒的天的启发，在此表示感谢）因为选词填空部分有原文，加上时间的关系，暂时不解析（共40题，参考时限35分钟）本部分包括表达与理解两方面的内容。

请根据题目要求，在四个选项中选出一个最恰当的答案。

请开始答题：1．“诗是不可译的，中国古典诗歌更是不可译的。

”爱好古典诗歌的中国人包括不少作家、学者、翻译家常常如是说，语气中带着七分________三分________。

然而，话说回来，如果没有翻译，中国古典诗歌如何走出国门、走向世界呢？依次填入划横线部分最恰当的一项是：A．自豪遗憾 B．无奈悲伤C．感伤埋怨 D．骄傲惭愧【QZZN答案选A】【田老鼠解析】“诗是不可译的，中国古典诗歌更是不可译的。

”主要体现出自豪之处，但是请注意到关联词“然而，话说回来”，这里又能看到有些许遗憾。

【原文出处】“诗是不可译的，中国古典诗歌更是不可译的。

”爱好古典诗歌的中国人，包括不少作家、学者、翻译家常常如是说，语气中带着七分自豪三分遗憾。

然而，话说回来，如果没有翻译，中国古典诗歌如何走出国门，走向世界呢？换个角度来看，中国古典诗歌的出口似乎面临着一个两难境地：一方面它是地道的国货，是真正“由中国制造”的文化产品，所以更需要保持其“原汁原味”；另一方面它本来不是为出口而生产的，若不经过这样或那样的包装或改装，能成功进入“国际市场”吗？除非全世界人民都学通了古汉语，自己能欣赏并主动进口原装的中国古典诗歌。

人民日报：《古典诗歌“不可译” 如何走向世界》2．茶艺与茶道精神是中国茶文化的核心。

“艺”是指制茶、煮茶、品茶等艺茶之术，“道”是指艺茶过程中所________的精神。

有道而无艺，那是________的理论；有艺而无道，艺则无精、无神。

依次填入划横线部分最恰当的一项是：A．传达虚浮 B．包涵虚无C．贯穿空洞 D．体现枯燥【QZZN答案选C】【田老鼠解析】传达：向别人转述；包涵：包括，含有；贯穿：贯串，穿过，连通；体现：某种性质或现象通过某一事物具体表现出来；能够用在艺茶过程中的应为“贯穿”。

2010年12月大学英语四级考试真题和答案及解析

2010年12月大学英语四级考试真题和答案及解析月大学英语四级考试真题和答案及解析Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions ：For For this this this part, part, part, you you you are are are allowed allowed allowed 30 30 30 minutes minutes minutes to to to write write write a a a short short essay essay entitled entitled entitled How How Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent? You should write at least 150 words following the outline given below. 1. 目前不少父母为孩子包办一切目前不少父母为孩子包办一切2. 为了让孩子独立, 父母应该……How Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent? . . . Part II Reading Comprehension(Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes) Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked marked [A], [A], [A], [B], [B], [B], [C] and [C] and [D]. [D]. For For For questions questions questions 8-10, 8-10, 8-10, complete complete complete the the the sentences sentences sentences with with with the the the information information given in the passage. A Grassroots Remedy Most of us spend our lives seeking the natural world. To this end, we walk the dog, play golf, go go fishing, fishing, fishing, sit sit sit in in in the the the garden, garden, garden, drink drink drink outside outside outside rather rather rather than than than inside inside inside the the the pub, pub, pub, have have have a a a picnic, picnic, picnic, live live live in in in the the suburbs, go to the seaside, buy a weekend place in the country. The most popular leisure activity in Britain is going for a walk. And when joggers (慢跑者) jog, they don ’t run the streets. Every one of them instinctively heads to the park or the river. It is my profound belief that not only do we all need nature, but we all seek nature, whether we know we are doing so or not. But But despite despite despite this, this, our our children children children are are are growing growing growing up up up nature-deprived nature-deprived nature-deprived ((丧失). ). I I I spent spent spent my my my boyhood boyhood climbing trees on Streatham Common, South London. These days, children are robbed of these ancient ancient freedoms, freedoms, freedoms, due due to to problems problems problems like like like crime, crime, crime, traffic, traffic, traffic, the the the loss loss loss of of of the the the open open open spaces and spaces and odd odd new new perceptions about what is best for children, that is to say, things that can be bought, rather than things that can be found. The truth is to be found elsewhere. A study in the US: families had moved to better housing and and the the the children children children were were were assessed assessed assessed for for for ADHD ADHD —attention attention deficit deficit deficit hyperactivity hyperactivity hyperactivity disorder disorder disorder ((多动症). Those whose accommodation had more natural views showed an improvement of 19%; those who had the same improvement in material surroundings but no nice view improved just 4%. A A study study study in in in Sweden Sweden Sweden indicated indicated indicated that that that kindergarten kindergarten kindergarten children children children who who who could could could play play play in in in a a a natural natural environment environment had had had less less less illness illness illness and and and greater greater greater physical physical physical ability ability ability than than than children children children used used used only only only to to to a a a normal normal playground. playground. A A A US US US study study study suggested suggested suggested that that that when when when a a a school school school gave gave gave children children children access access access to to to a a a natural natural environment, academic levels were raised across the entire school. Another study found that children play differently in a natural environment. In playgrounds, children create a hierarchy (等级) based on physical abilities, with the tough ones taking the lead. But when a grassy area was planted with bushes, the children got much more into fantasy play, and the social hierarchy was now based on imagination and creativity. Most Most bullying bullying bullying ((恃强凌弱) ) is is is found found found in in in schools schools schools where where where there there there is is is a a a tarmac tarmac tarmac ((柏油碎石) playground; the least bullying is in a natural area that the children are encouraged to explore. This reminds me unpleasantly of Sunnyhill School in Streatham, with its harsh tarmac, where I used to hang about in corners fantasising about wildlife. But children are frequently discouraged from involvement with natural spaces, for health and safety reasons, for fear that they might get dirty or that they might cause damage. So, instead, the damage is done to the children themselves: not to their bodies but to their souls. One of the great problems of modern childhood is ADHD, now increasingly and expensively treated treated with with with drugs. drugs. drugs. Y et Y et one one one study study study after after after another another another indicates indicates indicates that that that contact contact contact with with with nature nature nature gives gives gives huge huge benefits to ADHD children. However, we spend money on drugs rather than on green places. The life of old people is measurably better when they have access to nature. The increasing emphasis for the growing population of old people is in quality rather than quantity of years. And study after study finds that a garden is the single most important thing in finding that quality. In wider and more more difficult difficult areas areas of of life, there is is evidence evidence to indicate indicate that that natural surroundings improve all kinds of things. Even problems with crime and aggressive behaviour are reduced when there is contact with the natural world. Dr William Bird, researcher from the Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, states in his study, “A natural environment can reduce violent behaviour because its restorative process helps reduce anger and impulsive behaviour.” Wild places need encouraging for this reason, no matter how small their contribution. e W e tend tend tend to to to look look look on on on nature nature nature conservation conservation conservation as as as some some some kind kind kind of of of favour favour favour that that that human human human beings beings beings are are granting to the natural world. The error here is far too deep: not only do humans need nature for themselves, themselves, but but but the the the very very very idea idea idea that that that humanity humanity humanity and and and the the the natural natural natural world world world are are are separable separable separable things things things is is profoundly damaging. Human beings are a species of mammals (哺乳动物). For seven million years they lived on the planet as part of nature. Our ancestral selves miss the natural world and long for contact with non-human life. Anyone who has patted a dog, stroked a cat, sat under a tree with a pint of beer, given given or or or received received received a a a bunch bunch bunch of of of flowers flowers flowers or or or chosen chosen chosen to to to walk walk walk through through through the the the park park park on on on a a a nice nice nice day, day, understands that. We need the wild world. It is essential to our well-being, our health, our happiness. Without the wild world we are not more but less civilised. Without other living things around us we are less than human. Five ways to find harmony with the natural world Walk: Walk: Break Break Break the the the rhythm rhythm rhythm of of permanently permanently being being being under under under a a a roof. roof. roof. Get Get Get off off off a a a stop earlier, stop earlier, make make a a circuit of the park at lunchtime, walk the child to and from school, get a dog, feel yourself moving in moving air, look, listen, absorb. Sit: Take a moment, every now and then, to be still in an open space. In the garden, anywhere that ’s not in the office, anywhere out of the house, away from the routine. Sit under a tree, look at water, feel refreshed, ever so slightly renewed. Drink: Drink: The The The best best best way way way to to to enjoy enjoy enjoy the the the natural natural natural world world world is is is by by by yourself; yourself; yourself; the the the second second second best best best way way way is is is in in company. Take a drink outside with a good person, a good gathering: talk with the sun and the wind with birdsong for background. Learn: Learn: Expand Expand Expand your your your boundaries. boundaries. boundaries. Learn Learn Learn five five five species species species of of of bird, bird, bird, five five five butterflies, butterflies, butterflies, five five five trees, trees, trees, five five bird songs. That way, you see and hear more: and your mind responds gratefully to the greater amount of wildness in your life. Travel: Travel: The The The places places places you you you always always always wanted wanted wanted to to to visit: visit: visit: by by by the the the seaside, seaside, seaside, in in in the the the country, country, country, in in in the the the hills. hills. Take a weekend break, a day-trip, get out there and do it: for the scenery, for the way through the woods, woods, for for for the the the birds, birds, birds, for for for the the the bees. bees. bees. Go Go Go somewhere somewhere somewhere special special special and and and bring bring bring specialness specialness specialness home. home. home. It It It lasts lasts forever, after all. 上作答。

2010年考研真题和详细解析

1. 1984年1月3日，意大利人卡内帕给恩格斯写信，请求他为即将在日内瓦出版的饿《新纪元》周刊的创刊号题词，而且要求尽量用简短的字句来表述未来的社会主义纪元的基本思想，以区别于伟大诗人但丁的对旧纪元所作的“一些人统治，另一些人受苦难”的界定。

恩格斯回答说，这就是：“代替那存在着阶级和阶级对立的资产阶级旧社会的，将是这样一个联合体，在那里，每个人的自由发展是一切人的自由发展的条件。

”这段话表明，马克思主义追求的根本价值目标是（）A．实现人的自由而全面的发展B．实现人类永恒不变的普适价值C．建立一个四海之内皆兄弟的大同世界D．建立一个自由，平等，博爱的理性王国【答案】A【解析】本题考查的考点是马克思主义最崇高的社会理想，即马克思追求的根本价值目标，进入共产主义社会，实现人的自由而全面的发展，所以，正确答案是A选项。

2.有一则箴言：“在溪水和岩石的斗争中，胜利的总是溪水，不是因为力量，而是因为坚持。

”“坚持就是胜利”的哲理在于（）A．必然性通过偶然性开辟道路B．肯定中包含着否定的因素C．量变必然引起质变D．有其因必有其果【答案】C【解析】坚持就是胜利，体现了事物量变发展到一定阶段必然会引起质变，达到事物根本性质的变化，所以，本题体现的是量变必然引起质变，正确答案是选项C。

3. 右边这张照片反映出由于气候变暖，北极冰盖融化，致使北极熊无处可去的场景，颇具震撼力。

它给我们地球上的人类发出的警示是（）A．人与自然的关系成为人与人之间一切社会关系的核心B．生态失衡已成为自然界自身周期演化不可逆转的趋势C．自然地理环境已成为人类社会发展的根本决定力量D．生态环境已日益成为人类反思自身活动的重要前提【答案】D【解析】本题考查人与自然的关系，气候变暖给人类发出的警示是人在对于自然的作用过程中，生态环境已日益成为人类反思自身活动的重要前提，保护自然，协调人和自然的关系是大势所趋，所以，正确答案是选项D。

4. 劳动力成为商品是货币转化为资本的前提条件，这是因为（）A．资本家购买的是劳动力的价值B．劳动力商品具有价值和使用价值C．货币所有者购买的劳动力能够带来剩余价值D．劳动力自身的价值能够在消费过程中转移到新的商品中去【答案】C【解析】劳动力商品的最主要特点，表现在它的使用价值上。

2010年全国高考历史四川卷试题真题以及答案

2010年全国高考历史四川卷试题真题以及答案对外交流是文化繁荣的重要原因。

回答12～13题。

12．丝绸之路是汉代中外交流的见证。

图7中①所示中国通往南亚、中亚的交通要冲是Ａ．葱岭B．玉门关C．大宛D．安息【答案】：A13．隋唐时，中印交流促进了双方文化的发展。

下列人物中为此做出了重大贡献的是A．甘英B．玄奘C．一行D．鉴真【答案】：B14．历史学家陈寅恪指出：“华夏民族之文化，历数千载之演进，造极于赵宋之世。

”下列史实可以佐证这一观点的是①完善科举程序②创立行省制度③强化文化政治④世俗文学兴起A．①②③B．①②④C．①③④D．②③④【答案】：C15．鸦片战争前夕，林则徐致信英国女王，表示相信英国政府是受到英驻华商务监督义律的欺骗而走上歧途，恳请她制止鸦片贸易。

这表明林则徐A．希望以和平方式实现禁烟B．希望扩大中英正常贸易C．开展禁烟得到了英王认可D．对英国的政治了如指掌【答案】：A农耕文化塑造了中国传统社会的基本面貌，影响深远。

回答16～17题。

16．“重农抑商”的观念与政策对中国传统社会产生了重要影响。

下列理解错误的是A．重农抑商政策并不禁止商人追求利润B．重农抑商观念是中国农耕社会的产物C．重农抑商政策提升了战国时秦国国力D．重农抑商观念在明清时期已基本瓦解【答案】：D17．中国革命成功的关键在于把马克思主义普遍真理与中国社会具体情况相结合。

下述毛泽东的革命斗争策略中，与此认识相吻合的有①重视农村根据地建设②重视调动农民的积极性③重视共产国际的指导④重视工农运动有机结合A．①②③B．①②④C．①③④D．②③④【答案】：B18．图8是四川宁江机床厂的一则广告，发表在1979年6月25 日的《人民日报》上。

这是新中国成立以来该报首次刊登推销产品的广告。

这一现象的积极作用包括①促进企业技术革新，提高企业产品质量②开拓国内国际市场，实现中外合作生产③鼓励企业大胆探索，变革企业经营模式④突破计划经济体制，推动商品经济发展A．①②③B．①②④C．①③④D．②③④【答案】：C19．在资产阶级革命过程中，法国采取了激进的斗争方式，对大革命时期的法国产生了多方面影响。

2010年司法考试真题及解析完美解析

A. 甲将乙的停车位占为己用，甲属于恶意、无权占有人
B. 丙的租期届满前，甲不能对丙主张占有返还请求权
C. 乙可以请求甲返还原物。在甲为间接占有人时，可以对甲请求让与其对丙的占有返还请求权
D. 无论丙是善意或恶意的占有人，乙都可以对其行使占有返还请求权
【正确答案】：D
4、下列哪些是1991年颁布实行的《民事诉讼法》（2007年修正）规定的诉讼案件的审判程序？
B. 因当事人已达成和解协议，法院应当裁定终结诉讼程序
C. 当事人可以申请法院依和解协议内容制作调解书
D. 当事人可以申请法院依和解协议内容制作判决书
【正确答案】：C
20、为扩大生产规模，筹集公司发展所需资金，鄂神股份有限公司拟发行总值为1亿元的股票。下列哪一说法符合《证券法》的规定？
A. 根据需要可向特定对象公开发行股票
A. 1000万元垫资应按工程欠款处理
B. 有权要求甲公司支付1000万元垫资自7月1日起的利息
C. 有权要求甲公司支付1亿元
D. 有权要求甲公司支付1亿元自7月1日起的利息
【正确答案】：A,B,C,D
26、2010年7月，甲公司不服A市B区法院对其与乙公司买卖合同纠纷的判决，上诉至A市中级法院，A市中级法院经审理维持原判决。2011年3月，甲公司与丙公司合并为丁公司。之后，丁公司法律顾问在复查原甲公司的相关材料时，发现上述案件具备申请再审的法定事由。关于该案件的再审，下列哪一说法是正确的？
A. 丙错认乙车为甲车而占有，属于无权占有人
B. 甲告知丙骑错车前，丙修车的必要费用，乙应当偿还
C. 无论丙是否知道骑错车，乙均有权对其行使占有返还请求权
D. 对于乙车的毁损，丙应当承担赔偿责任

2010管理类联考综合真题(含答案)

4
(E）古典音乐不流行。如果流行，那就说明大众的音乐欣赏水平大大提高了。 32. 在某次课程教学改革研讨会上，负责工程类教学的程老师说，在工程设计中，用于解决数学问题的计算机程序越来越多了，这样就不必要求工程技术类大学生对基础数学有深刻的理解．因此，在未来的教学中，基础数学课程可以用其它重要的工程类课程代替。以下哪项如果为真，能削弱程老师的上述论证？ I，工程类基础课程中已经包含了相关的基础数学的内容。 II，在工程设计中，设计计算机程序需要对基础数学有全面的理解。田，基础数学课程的一个重要目标是培养学生的思维能力，这种能力对工程设计来说很关键。 (A）只有E (D）只有E和皿 (B）只有I和E (E) I、 II和III (C) I、 II和皿
2 2
A
D
c
图3
三、逻辑推理z第26-55小题，每小题2分，共60分。下列每题所给出的（A)、（B）、（C）、（D）、（E）五个选项中，只有－项是符合试题要求的．请在答题卡上将所选项的字母涂黑． 26.针对威胁人类健康的甲型HlNl流感，研究人员研制出了相应的疫苗，尽管这些疫苗是有效的，但某大学研究人员发现，阿司匹林、提苯基乙酷肢等抑制某些酶的药物会影响疫苗的效果，这位研究员指出：如果你服用了阿司匹林或者乙酷基酌，那么你注射疫苗后就必然不会产生良好的抗体反映。” 如果小张住射疫苗后产生了良好的抗体反映，那么根据上述研究结果可以得出一下哪些结论？ (A）小张服用了阿司匹林，但没有服用对乙酷基盼。 (B）小张服没有用阿司匹林，但感染了HlNl流感病毒。 (C）小张服用了阿司匹林，但没有感染了HlNl流感病毒。 (D）小张服没有用了阿司匹林，也没有服用对乙酷基醋。 (E）小张服用了乙酷基盼，但没有服用担苯基乙酷肢。 27.为了调查当前人们的识字水平，其实验者列举了20个词语，请30位文化人士识读，这些人的文化程度都在大 “ 专以上。识读结果显示，多数人具读对3到5个词语，极少数人读对15以上，甚至有人全部读错。其中，蹒 ” ” 跚的辨识率最高，30人中有19人读对，“呱呱坠地所有人都读错，20个词语的整体误读率接近80%，该实验者由此得出，当前人们的识字水平并没有提高，甚至有所下降。以下哪项如果是真，最能对该实验者的结论构成质疑？

2010年司法考试真题(卷一)答案及详解

2010年司法考试真题（卷一）及答案详解一、单项选择题。

每题所设选项中只有一个正确答案，多选、错选或不选均不得分。

本部分含1—50题，每题1分，共50分。

1．【考点】社会主义法治理念公平正义【万国答案】C【解析】司法公正是司法工作的灵魂，司法工作人员必须自觉用司法公正理念指导司法工作，坚持实体公正和程序公正相结合，做到法律效果、政治效果和社会效果相统一，故选项A正确；公正与效率都是人民群众最关心、最直接、最现实的利益问题，因此司法机关必须进一步提高办案效率，坚持公正与效率兼顾，故选项B正确；司法民主包括司法主体民主、程序民主和司法目的民主三个方面，司法民主又体现在人民直接参与司法，也就是说可通过人大代表、政协委员和媒体等参与司法来监督司法，故选项D正确；司法机关保障判决有效执行，应当在完善执行法律程序等方面做出努力，而且对当事人实行“一站式服务”，即谁立案谁审判谁执行，违背了司法机关内部的分工协调原则，故C项错误，为当选项。

2．【考点】科技和法律执法为民【万国答案】C【解析】社会主义法治理念的落实需要与现代科学技术相结合，需要运用多种手段，包括网络技术等，其目的是执法为民，司法便民，因此，采用现代科技手段能在一定程度上提高司法效率和公正，但并不是贯彻社会主义法治理念的根本指标。

故ABD项说法正确，C项错误，为应选项。

3．【考点】依法治国的基本内涵【万国答案】B【解析】法制完备是法治建设的重要先决条件。

法制完备是法治国家的重要标志，也是法治建设的首要目标。

法治完备首先是形式意义上的完备，即法律制度的类别安全、规范系统、内在统一。

故A项正确。

实质意义上的完备则指法律制度适应社会发展的需要，满足社会发展的客观要求，同时符合公平正义的价值要求。

法制完备只是依法治国的前提，真正达到法治要求其他的内涵，比如执法为民，故B项说“法律健全完备了，法治就实现了”不确切。

同时，依法治国的内涵还有树立宪法法律的权威和权力制约，做到职权法定、有权必有责、用权受监督、违法受追究，故CD选项正确。

2010年国家公务员考试行测真题答案及解析

2010年国家公务员考试行测真题答案及解析2010年12月06日 12:591.关键词：十七大报告、社会建设【答案】D。

强化政府服务职能，建设服务型政府2.关键词：综合国力、【答案】C。

我国在哥本哈根气候峰会上提出了单位GDP碳减排的量化目标3.关键词：西部大开发战略【答案】C。

西部大开发覆盖地域指陕、甘、宁、青、新等西北五省(区)及西藏自治区4.关键词：能源条件【答案】B。

富煤、缺油、少气5.关键词：第六次人口普查【答案】B。

所取得的数据不得作为对普查对象实施处罚的依据6.关键词：法律规定【答案】D。

丁村享有选举权的村民有500人，其中300人参与了村委会主任选举，候选人王某、张某和黄某分别获得选票120票、100票和80票，因而王某当选7.关键词：人大代表选举【答案】D.2010年修改的选举法规定，全国人民代表大会代表名额，按照每一代表所代表的城乡人口数2：1的原则，以及保证各地区、各民族、各方面都有适当数量代表的要求进行分配8.关键词：国防动员法【答案】D。

全国人民代表大会常务委员会、国家主席9.关键词：西柏坡时期、先后顺序【答案】A.①③②10.关键词：人类航天史【答案】D。

载人飞船首次在地球轨道上实现交会和对接是在20世纪60年代11.关键词：近30年来、前沿技术领域、重大突破【答案】D。

超大规模集成电路、第三代移动通信、高性能计算机、超级杂交水稻12.关键词：经济发展现状【答案】C。

对石油进口的依存度已接近30%13.关键词：货币升值【答案】D。

有利于消除贸易逆差14.关键词：军衔制度【答案】A。

士兵军衔肩章版面底色有棕绿色、天蓝色、黑色三种15.关键词：交通建设【答案】A。

目前国道线采用数字编号，分别以1、2、3、4开头16.关键词：第三个副省级新区【答案】C。

重庆两江17.关键词：民族关系【答案】B。

汉族离不开少数民族，少数民族离不开汉族，少数民族之间也相互离不开18.关键词：地震【答案】A。

2010年安徽高考理科数学真题及答案

2010年安徽高考理科数学真题及答案本试卷分第I 卷（选择题）和第II 卷（非选择题）两部分，满分150分．考试用时120分钟．注意事项：1．答卷前，务必在试题卷、答题卡规定的地方填写自己的姓名、座位号，并认真核对答题卡上所粘贴的条形码中姓名、座位号与本人姓名、座位号是否一致．务必在答题卡背面规定的地方填写姓名和座位号后两位．2．答第I 卷时，每小题选出答案后，用2B 铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑．如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号．3．答第Ⅱ卷时，必须使用0.5毫米黑色黑水签字笔在答题卡上书写，要求字体工整、笔迹清晰．作图题可先用铅笔在答题卡规定的位置绘出，确认后再用0.5毫米的黑色签际笔描清楚．必须在题号所指示的答题区域作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在试题卷、草稿纸上答题无效． 4．考试结束，务必将试题卷和答题卡一并上交．参考公式：如果事件A 与B 互斥，那么如果A 与B 是两个任意事件，，那么)()()(B P A P B A P +=+0)(≠A P 如果事件A 与B 相互独立，那么)|()()(A B P A P AB P =)()()(B P A P AB P ≠第Ⅰ卷（选择题共50分）一、选择题：本大题共10小题，每小题5分，共50分，在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的．（1）是虚数单位，i =+ii 33（A ）（B ）（C ）（D ）12341-i 12341-i 6321+i 6321-（2）若集合，则}21log |{21≥=x x A =A C R （A ）（B ） ⎪⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛+∞⋃-∞,22]0,(⎪⎪⎭⎫⎝⎛+∞,22（C ）（D ） ⎪⎪⎭⎫⎢⎣⎡+∞⋃-∞,22]0,(⎪⎪⎭⎫⎢⎣⎡+∞,22（3）设向量，则下列结论中正确的是)21,21(),0,1(==b a（A ）（B ）（C ）垂直（D ） ||||b a =22=⋅b a b b a 与-b a //（4）若是R 上周期为5的奇函数，且满足则= )(x f ,2)2(,1)1(==f f )4()3(f f -（A ）-1（B ）1（C ）-2 （D ）2（5）双曲线方程为，则它的右焦点坐标为1222=-y x（A ）（B ）（C ）（D ）)0,22()0,25()0,26()0,3(（6）设，二次函数的图象可能是 0>abc c bx ax x f ++=2)(（7）设曲线C 的参数方程为（为参数），⎩⎨⎧+-=+=θθsin 31cos 32y x θ直线的方程为，则曲线C 到直线的距l 023=+-y x l 离为的点的个数为 10107 （A ）1 （B ）2 （C ）3 （D ）4（8）一个几何全体的三视图如图，该几何体的表面积为（A ）280 （B ）292（C ）360 （D ）372（9）动点在圆上绕坐标原点沿逆时针方向匀速旋转，12秒旋转一周.),(y x A 122=+y x 已知定时t=0时，点A 的坐标是，则当时，动点A 的纵坐标y 关于)23,21(120≤≤t t （单位：秒）的函数的单调递增区间是（A ）[0，1] （B ）[1，7] （C ）[7，12]（D ）[0，1]和[7，12]、（10）设是任意等比数列，它的前n 项和，前2n 项和与前3n 项和分别为X ，Y ，Z ，则}{n a 下列等式中恒成立的是（A ）（B ）Y Z X 2=+)()(X Z Z X Y Y -=-（C ）（D ）XZ Y=2)()(X Z X X Y Y -=-（在此卷上答题无效）绝密★启用并使用完毕前2010年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（安徽卷）数学（理科）第Ⅱ卷（非选择题共100分）考生注意事项：请用0.5毫米黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上作答，在试题卷上答题无效．二、填空题：本大题共5小题，每小题5分，共25分．把答案填在答题卡的相应位置．（11）命题“对任何”的否定是．3|4||2|,>-+-∈x x R x （12）的展开式中，的系数等于． 6⎪⎪⎭⎫ ⎝⎛-x y y x 3x （13）设满足约束条件若目标函数的最大值y x ,⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧≥≥≤--≥+-,0,0,048,022y x y x y x )0,0(>>+=b a y abx z 为8，则的最小值为．b a +（14）如图所示，程序框图（算法流程图）的输出值． =x （15）甲罐中有5个红球，2个白球和3个黑球，乙罐中有4个红球，3个白球和3个黑球，先从甲罐中随机取出一球放入乙罐，分别以A 1，A 2和A 3表示由甲罐取出的球是红球，白球和黑球的事件；再从乙罐中随机取出一球，以B 表示由乙罐取出的球是红球的事件，则下列结论中正确的是（写出所有正确结论的编号）． ①； 52)(1=B P ②；115)|(1=A B P ③事件B 与事件A 1相互独立； ④A 1，A 2，A 3是两两互斥的事件；⑤的值不能确定，因为它与A 1，A 2，A 3中究竟哪一个发生有关．)(B P 三、解答题：本大题共6小题，共75分．解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤，解答写在答题卡上的指定区域内．（16）（本小题满分12分）设是锐角三角形，分别是内角A ，B ，C 所对边长，并且ABC ∆c b a ,,.sin )3sin()3sin(sin 22B B B A +-+=ππ（Ⅰ）求角A 的值；（Ⅱ）若，求（其中）．72,12==⋅a AC AB c b ,c b <（17）（本小题满分12分）设a 为实数，函数 .,22)(R x a x e x f x∈+-= （I ）求的单调区间与极值；)(x f （II ）求证：当时，012ln >->x a 且.122+->ax x e x（18）（本小题满分13分）如图，在多面体ABCDEF 中，四边形ABCD 是正方形，EF//AB ，EF ⊥FB ，AB=2EF ，BF=FC ，H 为BC 的中点.,90︒=∠BFC （I ）求证：FH//平面EDB ；（II ）求证：AC ⊥平面EDB ；（III ）求二面角B—DE—C 的大小.（19）（本小题满分13分）已知椭圆E 经过点A （2，3），对称轴为坐标轴，焦点F 1，F 2在x 轴上，离心率 .21=e （I ）求椭圆E 的方程；（II ）求的角平分线所在直线的方程；21AF F ∠l （III ）在椭圆E 上是否存在关于直线对称的相异两点？若存在，请找出；若不存在，l 说明理由.（20）（本小题满分12分）设数列中的每一项都不为0.,,,21 a a ,n a证明，为等差数列的充分必要条件是：对任何，都有}{n a N n ∈ .1111113221++=+++n n n a a n a a a a a a（21）（本小题满分13分）品酒师需要定期接受酒味鉴别功能测试，一种通常采用的测试方法如下：拿出n 瓶外观相同但品质不同的酒让其品尝，要求其按品质优劣为它们排序，经过一段时间，等其记忆淡忘之后，再让其品尝这n 瓶酒，并重新按品质优劣为它们排序，这称为一轮测试.根据一轮测试中的两次排序的偏离程度的高低为其评分.现设n=4，分别以表示第一次排序时被排为1，2，3，4的四种酒在第二次4321,,,a a a a 排序时的序号，并令.|4||3||2||1|4321a a a a X -+-+-+-=则X 是对两次排序的偏离程度的一种描述. （I ）写出X 的可能值集合；（II ）假设等可能地为1，2，3，4的各种排列，求X 的分布列； 4321,,,a a a a （III ）某品酒师在相继进行的三轮测试中，都有，2≤X （i ）试按（II ）中的结果，计算出现这种现象的概率（假定各轮测试相互独立）；（ii ）你认为该品酒师的酒味鉴别功能如何？说明理由.参考答案一、选择题：本大题共10小题，每小题5分，共50分，在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合题目要求的．（1）B （2）A （3）C （4）A （5）C （6）D （7）B （8）C （9）D （10）D二、填空题：本大题共5小题，每小题5分，共25分．把答案填在答题卡的相应位置．（11）存在 ,-2-4|3x x x ∈≤R 使得||+|（12）15（若只写，也可）2466C C 或（13）4 （14）12 （15）②④三、解答题：本大题共6小题，共75分．解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤，解答写在答题卡上的指定区域内．（16）（本小题满分12分）本题考查两角和的正弦公式，同角三角函数的基本关系，特殊角的三角函数值，向量的数量积，利用余弦定理解三角形等有关知识，考查综合运算求解能力. 解：（I ）因为2211sin sin sin )sin 22A B B B B B =+-+222313cos sin sin ,444sin ,.3B B B A A A π=-+===所以又为锐角所以（II ）由可得12AB AC ⋅=①cos 12.cb A = 由（I ）知所以,3A π=②24cb =由余弦定理知及①代入，得2222cos ,a c b cb A a =+==将③+②×2，得，所以()100c b 2+=10.c b +=因此，c ，b 是一元二次方程的两个根.210240t t -+=解此方程并由6, 4.c b c b >==知（17）（本小题满分12分）本题考查导数的运算，利用导数研究函数的单调区间，求函数的极值和证明函数不等式，考查运算能力、综合分析和解决问题的能力. （I ）解：由()22,()2,.xxf x e x a x f x e x '=-+∈=-∈R R 知令的变化情况如下表：()0,ln 2.,(),()f x x x f x f x ''==得于是当变化时故的单调递减区间是，单调递增区间是，()f x (,ln 2)-∞(ln 2,)+∞处取得极小值，()ln 2f x x =在极小值为ln 2(ln 2)2ln 222(1ln 2).f ea a =-+=-+ （II ）证：设2()21,,xg x e x ax x =-+-∈R 于是()22,.xg x e x a x '=-+∈R 由（I ）知当ln 21,()(ln 2)2(1ln 2)0.a g x g a ''>-=-+>时最小值为,()0,()x g x g x '∈>R R 于是对任意都有所以在内单调递增,于是当 ln 21,(0,),()(0),a x g x g >-∈+∞>时对任意都有而 (0)0,(0,),()0.g x g x =∈+∞>从而对任意即22210,2 1.xxe x ax e x ax -+->>-+故（18）（本小题满分13分）本题考查空间线面平行、线面垂直、面面垂直的判断与证明，考查二面角的求法以及利用向量知识解决几何问题的能力，同时考查空间想象能力、推理论证能力和运算能力.[综合法]（1）证：设AC 与BD 交于点G ，则G 为AC 的中点，连EG ，GH ，又H 为BC 的中点， 11//,//,//.22GH AB EF AB EF GH ∴∴又 ∴四边形EFHG 为平行四边形，∴EG//FH ，而EG 平面EDB ，∴FH//平面EDB.⊂ （II ）证：由四边形ABCD 为正方形，有AB ⊥BC ，又EF//AB ，∴EF ⊥BC.而EF ⊥FB ，∵EF ⊥平面BFC ，∴EF ⊥FH ，∴AB ⊥FH. 又BF=FC ，H 为BC 的中点，∴FH ⊥BC. ∴FH ⊥平面ABCD ，∴FH ⊥AC ，又FH//BC ，∴AC=EG.又AC ⊥BD ，EG BD=G ，∴AG ⊥平面EDB.⋂ （III ）解：EF ⊥FB ，∠BFC=90°，∴BF ⊥平面CDEF ，在平面CDEF 内过点F 作FK ⊥DE 交DE 的延长线于K ，则∠FKB 为二面角B—DE—C 的一个平面角.设EF=1，则AB=2，，又EF//DC ，∴∠KEF=∠EDC ，∴sin ∠EDC=sin ∠∴FK=EFsin ∠，tan ∠FKB=∴∠FKB=60° BFFK=∴二面角B—DE—C 为60°. [向量法]∵四边形ABCD 为正方形，∴AB ⊥BC ，又EF//AB ，∴EF ⊥BC. 又EF ⊥FB ，∴EF ⊥平面BFC. ∴EF ⊥FH ，∴AB ⊥FH.又BF=FC ，H 为BC 的中点，∴FH ⊥BC ，∴FH ⊥平面ABC.以H 为坐标原点，轴正向，轴正向，HB x 为HF z为建立如图所示坐标系.设BH=1，则A （1，—2，0），B （1，0，0）， C （—1，0，0），D （—1，—2，0），E （0，—1，1）， F （0，0，1）.（I ）证：设AC 与BD 的交点为G ，连GE ，GH ，则(0,1,0),(0,0,1),(0,0,1)//.G CE HF HF GE -∴==∴又平面EDB ，HF 不在平面EDB 内，∴FH ∥平面EBD ，GE ⊂ （II ）证：(2,2,0),(0,0,1),0,.AC GE AC GE AC GE =-=⋅=∴⊥又AC ⊥BD ，EG ∩BD=G ，∴AC ⊥平面EDB.（III ）解：(1,1,1),(2,2,0).BE BD =--=--设平面BDE 的法向量为111(1,,),n y z =则1111110,120,BE n y z BD n y ⋅=--+=⋅=--=111222222121212121,0,(1,1,0).(0,2,0),(1,1,1),(1,,),0,0,(1,0,1),1cos ,,||||2,60,y z n CD CE CDE y z CD y ∴=-==-=-=-=⋅===-⋅<>===⋅∴<>=n n n n n n n n n n n即设平面的法向量为则故即二面角B—DE—C 为60°. （19）（本小题满分13分）本题考查椭圆的定义及标准方程，椭圆的简单几何性质，直线的点斜式方程与一般方程，点到直线的距离公式，点关于直线的对称等基础知识；考查解析几何的基本思想、综合运算能力、探究意识与创新意识.解：（I ）设椭圆E 的方程为22221x y a b +=2222222211,,2,3,221.43c e a c b a c e a x y c e ====-=∴+=由即得椭圆方程具有形式将A （2，3）代入上式，得22131,2,c c c+==解得∴椭圆E 的方程为221.1612x y += （II ）解法1：由（I ）知，所以12(2,0),(2,0)F F -直线AF 1的方程为： 3(2),3460,4y x x y =+-+=即直线AF 2的方程为：2.x =由点A 在椭圆E 上的位置知，直线l 的斜率为正数. 设上任一点，则(,)P x y l 为|346||2|.5x y x -+=-若（因其斜率为负，舍去）. 346510,280x y x x y -+=-+-=得所以直线l 的方程为： 210.x y --=解法2：121212121(2,3),(2,0),(2,0),(4,3),(0,3).114(4,3)(0,3)(1,2).535||||2,:32(1),210.A F F AF AF AF AF AF AF k l y x x y -∴=--=-∴+=--+-=-∴=∴-=---=即（III ）解法1：假设存在这样的两个不同的点1122(,)(,),B x y C x y 和2121121200001,.2(,),,,22BC y y BC l k x x x x y y BC M x y x y -⊥∴==-++== 设的中点为则由于M 在l 上，故 ①00210.x y -+=又B ，C 在椭圆上，所以有222211221 1.16121612x y x y +=+=与两式相减，得222221210,1612x x y y --+=即12211221()()()()0.1612x x x x y y y y +-+-+=将该式写为， 122112211108262x x y y y y x x +-+⋅+⋅⋅=-并将直线BC 的斜率和线段BC 的中点，表示代入该表达式中， BC k 得② 0000110,320.812x y x y -=-=即①×2—②得，即BC 的中点为点A ，而这是不可能的. 202,3x y ==∴不存在满足题设条件的点B 和C. 解法2：假设存在， 1122(,),(,)B x y C x y l 两点关于直线对称则1,.2BC l BC k ⊥∴=-221,1,21612x y BC y x m =-++=设直线的方程为将其代入椭圆方程得一元二次方程 2222134()48,120,2x x m x mx m +-+=-+-=即则是该方程的两个根，12x x 与由韦达定理得12,x x m +=于是 121213()2,22m y y x x m +=-++=∴B ，C 的中点坐标为 3(,).24m m 又线段BC 的中点在直线 321,1, 4.4m y x m m =-∴=-=上得即B ，C 的中点坐标为（2，3），与点A 重合，矛盾.∴不存在满足题设条件的相异两点.（20）（本小题满分12分）本题考查等差数列、数学归纳法与充要条件等有关知识，考查推理论证、运算求解能力.证：先证必要性设数列则所述等式显然成立，{},0,n a d d =的公差为若若，则0d ≠ 122313212112233122311111111111()1111111(()()(1111(n n n n n n n n n n n a a a a a a a a a a a a d a a a a a a d a a a a a a a a d a a d a a ++++++++++---=+++=-+-++--=-= 11.n n a a +=再证充分性.证法1：（数学归纳法）设所述的等式对一切都成立，首先，在等式n +∈N ① 122313112a a a a a a +=两端同乘成等差数列，123132123,2,,,a a a a a a a a a +=即得所以记公差为21,.d a a d =+则假设时，观察如下二等式1(1),1k a a k d n k =+-=+当② 12231121111,k k k a a a a a a a a --+++= ， ③ 122311111111k k k k k k a a a a a a a a a a -++++++= 将②代入③，得 111111,k k k k k k a a a a a a ++-+=在该式两端同乘11111,,(1).k k k a a a k a a ka ++-+=得将111(1),,.k k a a k d a a kd +=+-=+代入其中整理后得由数学归纳法原理知，对一切1(1),n n a a n d +∈=+-N 都有所以的等差数列.{}n a d 是公差为证法2：[直接证法]依题意有① 1223111111,n n n n a a a a a a a a +++++= ② 12231121211111.n n n n n n a a a a a a a a a a +++++++++= ②—①得， 12121111n n n n n n a a a a a a +++++=-在上式两端同乘112111,(1),n n n n a a a a n a na ++++=+-得同理可得 ③11(1),n n a na n a +=--③—④得122()n n n na n a a ++=+即是等差数列，211,{}n n n n n a a a a a +++-=-所以（21）（本小题满分13分）本题考查离散型随机变量及其分布列，考查在复杂场合下进行计数的能力，能过设置密切贴近生产、生活实际的问题情境，考查概率思想在现实生活中的应用，考查抽象概括能力、应用与创新意识.解：（I ）X 的可能值集合为{0，2，4，6，8}.在1，2，3，4中奇数与偶数各有两个，所以中的奇数个数等于中的偶数个23,a a 13,a a数，因此的奇偶性相同，1334|1||3||2||4|a a a a ++--+-与从而必为偶数.2324(|1||3|)(|2||4|)X a a a a =-+++-+-X 的值非负，且易知其值不大于8.容易举出使得X 的值等于0，2，4，6，8各值的排列的例子.（II ）可用列表或树状图列出1，2，3，4的一共24种排列，计算每种排列下的X 值，在等可能的假定下，得到X 0 2 4 6 8P 124324724924424（III ）（i ）首先，将三轮测试都有41(2)(0)(2)246P X P X P X ≤==+===2X ≤的概率记做p ，由上述结果和独立性假设，得311.2166p == （ii ）由于是一个很小的概率，这表明如果仅凭随机猜测得到三轮测152161000p =<试都有的结果的可能性很小，所以我们认为该品酒师确实有良好的味觉鉴别功2X ≤能，不是靠随机猜测.。

2010年考研数学一真题及解析

2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试数学一试题一、选择题：1~8小题，每小题4分，共32分，下列每题给出的四个选项中，只有一个选项符合题目要求，请将所选项前的字母填在答题纸．．．指定位置上. (1)极限2lim ( )()()xx x x a x b →∞⎡⎤=⎢⎥-+⎣⎦(A)1 (B)e(C)a be-(D)b ae-答案：C 详解：2lim ()()xx x x a x b →∞⎡⎤⎢⎥-+⎣⎦=2233221ln ()()()()lim lim lim xxx x bx abxx x x a x b a bx a x b x ax bx abx x x e e ee⎛⎫-+-- ⎪⋅ ⎪-+--+⎝⎭-+-→∞→∞→∞===(2)设函数(),z z x y =，由方程(,)0y zF x x=确定，其中F 为可微函数，且20F '=，则x z x y u y ∂∂+∂∂=( ) (A)x (B)z (C)x - (D)z -答案：B详解：12221222,1x z y z y zF F F F F z x x x x x F F F x⎛⎫⎛⎫''-+-''⋅+⋅⎪ ⎪'∂⎝⎭⎝⎭=-=-=''∂'⋅112211y x F F F z x xF F F x'⋅''∂=-=-=-''∂'⋅1212222yF zF yF F z z z xyz xxF F F ''''+⋅∂∂+=-=='''∂∂(3)设,m n是正整数，则反常积分0⎰的收敛性(A)仅与m 的取值有关 (B)仅与n 取值有关 (C)与,m n 取值都有关 (D)与,m n 取值都无关答案：C 详解：11222111111111ln 1(ln (1))1111mmn mm np p p nnx p p m dx p x p np -∞∞∞⋅⋅⋅⎛⎫⎛⎫⎛⎫- ⎪⎪ ⎪-⎛⎫⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭==-= ⎪⎛⎫⎝⎭⎛⎫ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭∑∑∑⎰⎰2121121n mm np n m m nn m p m n -∞--⎧>⎪⎛⎫⎪=⎨⎪-⎝⎭⎪≤⎪⎩∑收敛，发散， (4)()()2211limnnx i j nn i n j→∞--=++∑∑(A)()()12111x dx dy x y++⎰⎰(B)()()10111x dx dy x y ++⎰⎰(C)()()1100111dx dy x y ++⎰⎰(D)()()112111dx dy x y++⎰⎰答案：D详解：()()22211112limlim11nnnnx x i j i j nnn i nji j n n n n →∞→∞----=⎛⎫++⎛⎫⎛⎫+⋅⋅+ ⎪⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎝⎭⎝⎭⎝⎭∑∑∑∑2211111lim11n nx i j inj n n →∞--=⋅⋅⎛⎫++ ⎪⎝⎭∑∑()()112111dx dy x y=++⎰⎰(5)设A 为m n ⨯型矩阵，B 为n m ⨯型矩阵，E 为m 阶单位矩阵，若AB =E ，则( ) (A)秩(),r A m =秩()r B m =(B)秩(),r A m =秩()r B n = (C)秩(),r A n =秩()r B m = (D)秩(),r A n =秩()r B n =答案：A解析：由于A B E =，故()()r A B r E m ==，又由于()(),()()r A B r A r A B r B ≤≤，故(),()m r A m r B ≤≤ ①由于A 为m n ⨯矩阵，B 为n m ⨯矩阵，故(),()r A m r B m ≤≤ ②由①、②可得(),()r A m r B m ==，故选A 。

2010年全国统一高考真题化学试卷(全国卷ⅱ)(含答案及解析)

2010年全国统一高考化学试卷（全国卷Ⅱ）一、选择题1．（3分）下列反应中，可用离子方程式H++OH﹣=H2O表示的是（）A．NH4Cl+NaOH NaCl+NH3↑+H2OB．Mg（OH）2+2HCl=MgCl2+2H2OC．NaOH+NaHCO3=Na2CO3+H2OD．NaOH+HNO3=NaNO3+H2O2．（3分）下面均是正丁烷与氧气反应的热化学方程式（25°，101kPa）：①C4H10（g）+O2（g）=4CO2（g）+5H2O（l）△H=﹣2878kJ/mol②C4H10（g）+O2（g）=4CO2（g）+5H2O（g）△H=﹣2658kJ/mol③C4H10（g）+O2（g）=4CO（g）+5H2O（l）△H=﹣1746kJ/mol④C4H10（g）+O2（g）=4CO（g）+5H2O（g）△H=﹣1526kJ/mol由此判断，正丁烷的燃烧热是（）A．﹣2878kJ/mol B．﹣2658kJ/mol C．﹣1746kJ/mol D．﹣1526kJ/mol 3．（3分）在相同条件下，下列说法错误的是（）A．氯气在饱和食盐水中的溶解度小于在纯水中的溶解度B．碘在碘化钾溶液中的溶解度大于在纯水中的溶解度C．醋酸在醋酸钠溶液中电离的程度大于在纯水中电离的程度D．工业上生产硫酸的过程中使用过量的空气可提高SO2的利用率4．（3分）相同体积、相同pH的某一元强酸溶液①和某一元中强酸溶液②分别与足量的锌粉发生反应，下列关于氢气体积（V）随时间（t）变化的示意图正确的是（）A．B．C．D．5．（3分）若（NH4）2SO4在强热时分解的产物是SO2、N2、NH3和H2O，则该反应中化合价发生变化和未发生变化的N原子数之比为（）A．1：4B．1：2C．2：1D．4：16．（3分）在一定温度、压强下，向100mLCH4和Ar的混合气体中通入400mLO2，点燃使其完全燃烧，最后在相同条件下得到干燥气体460mL，则反应前混合气体中CH4和Ar物质的量之比是（）A．1：4B．1：3C．1：2D．1：17．（3分）短周期元素W、X、Y、Z的原子序数依次增大，且W、X、Y+、Z 的最外层电子数与其电子层数的比值依次为2、3、4、2（不考虑零族元素）．下列关于这些元素的叙述错误的是（）A．X和其他三种元素均可形成至少2种二元化合物B．W和X、Z两种元素分别形成的二元化合物中，均有直线形分子C．W、X和Y三种元素可以形成碱性化合物D．Z和其他三种元素形成的二元化合物，其水溶液均呈酸性8．（3分）三位科学家因在烯烃复分解反应研究中的杰出贡献而荣获2005年度诺贝尔化学奖，烯烃复分解反应可示意如图：下列化合物中，经过烯烃复分解反应可以生成的是（）A．B．C．D．二、非选题9．（15分）向2L密闭容器中通入amol 气体A和bmol气体B，在一定条件下发生反应：xA（g）+yB（g）⇌pC（g）+qD（g）已知：平均反应速率v C=；反应2min 时，A的浓度减少了，B的物质的量减少了mol，有a mol D生成．回答下列问题：（1）反应2min内，v A=，v B；（2）化学方程式中，x=、y=、p=、q=；（3）反应平衡时，D为2amol，则B的转化率为；（4）如果只升高反应温度，其他反应条件不变，平衡时D为 1.5a mol，则该反应的△H0；（填“＞”、“＜”或“=”））如果其他条件不变，将容器的容积变为1L，进行同样的实验，则与上述反应比较：①反应速率（填“增大”、“减小”或“不变”），理由是；②平衡时反应物的转化率（填“增大”、“减小”或“不变”），理由是．10．（15分）A、B、C、D、E、F、G、H、和I、是中学化学中常见的气体，它们均由短周期元素组成，具有如下性质：①A、B、E、F、G能使湿润的蓝色石蕊试纸变红，I能使湿润的红色石蕊试纸变蓝，C、D、H不能使湿润的石蕊试纸变色；②A和I相遇产生白色烟雾；③B和E都能使品红溶液褪色；④将红热的铜丝放入装有B的瓶中，瓶内充满棕黄色的烟；⑤将点燃的镁条放入装有F的瓶中，镁条剧烈燃烧，生成白色粉末，瓶内壁附着黑色颗粒；⑥C和D相遇生成红棕色气体；⑦G在D中燃烧可以产生E和H2O；⑧将B和H 在瓶中混合后于亮处放置几分钟，瓶内壁出现油状液滴并产生A．回答下列问题：（1）A的化学式是，②中烟雾的化学式是；（2）④中发生反应的化学方程式是；（3）⑤中发生反应的化学方程式是；（4）C的化学式是，D的化学式是；（5）⑦中发生反应的化学方程式是；（6）H的化学式是．11．（15分）如图是一个用铂丝作电极，电解稀的MgSO4溶液的装置，电解液中加有中性红指示剂，此时溶液呈红色．（指示剂的pH变色范围：6.8～8.0，酸色﹣红色，碱色﹣黄色）．回答下列问题：（1）下列关于电解过程中电极附近溶液颜色变化的叙述正确的是（填编号）；①A管溶液由红变黄；②B管溶液由红变黄；③A管溶液不变色；④B管溶液不变色；（2）写出A管中发生反应的反应式：；（3）写出B管中发生反应的反应式：；（4）检验a管中气体的方法是；（5）检验b管中气体的方法是；（6）电解一段时间后，切断电源，将电解液倒入烧杯内观察到的现象是．12．（15分）如图中A～J均为有机化合物，根据图1中的信息，回答下列问题：（1）环状化合物A的相对分子质量为82，其中含碳87.80%，含氢12.20%．B 的一氯代物仅有一种，B的结构简式为；（2）M是B的一种同分异构体，M能使溴的四氯化碳溶液褪色，分子中所有的碳原子共平面，则M的结构简式为；（3）由A生成D的反应类型是，由D生成E的反应类型是；（4）G的分子式为C6H10O4，0.146gG需用20mL0.100mol/L NaOH溶液完全中和，J是一种高分子化合物．则由G转化为J的化学方程式为；（5）分子中含有两个碳碳双键，且两个双键之间有一个碳碳单键的烯烃与单烯烃可发生如图2反应则由E和A反应生成F的化学方程式为；（6）H中含有的官能团是，I中含有的官能团是．2010年全国统一高考化学试卷（全国卷Ⅱ）参考答案与试题解析一、选择题1．（3分）下列反应中，可用离子方程式H++OH﹣=H2O表示的是（）A．NH4Cl+NaOH NaCl+NH3↑+H2OB．Mg（OH）2+2HCl=MgCl2+2H2OC．NaOH+NaHCO3=Na2CO3+H2OD．NaOH+HNO3=NaNO3+H2O【考点】49：离子方程式的书写．【专题】516：离子反应专题．【分析】稀的强酸与稀的强碱反应生成可溶性盐和水的离子反应可用H++OH﹣=H2O表示，以此来解答．【解答】解：A．该反应为固体与固体加热条件下的反应，不属于离子反应，故A不选；B．Mg（OH）2为不溶性弱碱，不能用H++OH﹣=H2O表示，故B不选；C．NaOH+NaHCO3=Na2CO3+H2O的离子反应为OH﹣+HCO3﹣=CO32﹣+H2O，故C 不选；D．NaOH+HNO3=NaNO3+H2O为稀的强酸与稀的强碱反应生成可溶性盐和水的离子反应，可用H++OH﹣=H2O表示，故选D；故选：D。

2010年高考英语真题(Word版)——全国1卷(试题+答案解析)

2010年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国Ⅰ卷）英语试题第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题：每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳答案，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

例：How much is the shirt?A.$ 19.15B. $9.15C. $ 9.18答案是B1.What will Dorothy do on the weeked?A.go out with her friendB.work on her paperC.make some plans2.What was the normal price of the T-shirt ?A.$15B. $ 30C. $503.What has the woman decided to do on Sunday afternoon?A.to attend a wedding.B.To visit an exhibitionC.To meet a friend4.When does the bank close on Sunday ?A.at 1:00pmB.at 3:00pmC.at 4:00pm5.Where are the speakers?A.In a storeB.In a classroomC.At a hotel第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后有几小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳答案，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你将有时间阅读各小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。

每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第6段材料，回答第6，7 小题6，What do we know about Nora?A.She prefers a room of her own.B.She likes to work with other girls.C.She lives near the city center.7.What is good about the flat?A. It has a large sitting room.B. It has good furnitureC. It has a big kitchen.听第7 段材料，回答第8，9题。

2010年山东高考真题(含答案)理综

绝密★启用并使用完毕前2010年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（山东卷）理科综合本试卷分第I卷和第II卷两部分，共12页。

满分240分。

考试用时150分钟。

答题前，考生务必用0.5毫米黑色签字笔将自己的姓名、座号、准考证号、县区和科类填写在试卷和答题卡规定的位置。

考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

第Ⅰ卷（必做，共88分）注意事项：1．第Ⅰ卷共22小题，每小题4分，共88分。

2．每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。

如需改动，用像皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标中与。

不涂在答题卡上，只答在试卷上不得分。

以下数据可供答题时参考：相对原子质量：H 1 O16 S 32 Fe 56一、选择题（本题包括15小题，每小题只有一个选项符合题意）1．下列实例与基因的作用无关的是A．细胞分裂延迟植物衰老B．极端低温导致细胞膜破裂C．过量紫外线辐射导致皮肤癌D．细菌感染导致B淋巴细胞形成效应B（浆）细胞2．下列符合现代生物进化理论的叙述是A．物种的形成可以不经过隔离B．生物进化过程的实质在于有利变异的保存C．基因突变产生的有利变异决定生物进化的方向D．自然选择通过作用于个体面影响种群的基因频率3．右图中曲线ba,有示物质跨（穿）膜运输的两种方式，下列表述正确的是A．脂溶性小分子物质不能通过方式a运输B．与方式a有关的载体蛋白覆盖于细胞膜表面C．方式b的最大转运速率与载体蛋白数量有关D．抑制细胞呼吸对方式a和b的转运速率均有影响4．下列有关于真核细胞生物膜的叙述，正确的是A．生物膜的特定功能主要由膜蛋白决定B．构成膜的脂质主要是磷脂、脂肪和胆固醇C．有氧呼吸及光合作用产生A TP均在膜上进行D．核糖体、内质网、高尔基体的膜都参与蛋白质的合成与运输5．溶酶体具有细胞内消化功能，其内部水解酶的最适pH在5.0左右。

下列叙述错误的是A．溶酶体内的水解酶是由核糖体合成的B．溶酶体执行功能时伴随其膜组分的更新C．细胞质基质中的H+被转运到溶酶体内需消耗能量D．正常生理状态下溶酶体对自身机体的细胞结构无分解作用6．以下表示动物利用食物的过程正确的分析是A．恒温动物的④/②值一般高于变温动物B．哺乳动物的③/①值一般为10%—20%C．提高圈养动物生长量一般需提高③/②值D．食肉哺乳动物的③/②值一般低于食草哺乳动物7．蚕豆根失细胞有含3H标记的胸腺嘧啶氧核苷培养基中完成一个细胞周期，然后在不含放射性标记的培养基中继续分裂至中期，其染色体的放射性标记分布情况是A．每条染色体的两条单体都被标记B．每条染色体中都只有一条单体被标记C．只有半数的染色体中一条单体被标记D．每条染色体的两条单体都不被标记8．右图表示出生率、死亡率和种群密度的关系，据此分析得出的正确表述是A．在K/2时控制有害动物最有效B．图示规律可作为控制人口增长的依据C．该图可用于实践中估算种群最大净补充量D．在K/2时捕捞鱼类最易得到最大日捕获量9．15O和14O是氧元素的两种核素，N A表示阿伏加德罗常数。

2010年数学三真题答案解析

型随机变量,所以求随机变量在一点处的概率,只能利用分布函数的定义.根据分布函数的定义,函数在某一点的概率可以写成两个区间内概率的差,即
PX 1 P X 1 P X 1 F 1 F 1 0 1 e 1 1 1 e 1 ,故本题选
22
(C). (8) 【答案】 (A).
【解析】根据题意知, f1 x
少有一点 Ax b 0,3 ,使得 f 0 .
(20) 【解析】因为方程组有两个不同的解,所以可以判断方程组增广矩阵的秩小于 3,进而可以通过秩的关系求解方程组中未知参数,有以下两种方法.
方法 1：( I )已知 Ax b 有 2 个不同的解,故 r( A) r( A) 3 ,对增广矩阵进行初等行
因为
B
2 ,所以
B 1
B 1
1
,因此
2
A B1 A A1 B B1 3 2 1 3 . 2
(14)【答案】 2 2 .
【解析】
E T
E
1 n
n i 1
X
2 i
1 n
E
n i 1
X
2 i
1 nE n
X2
E
X2
2 2 .
三、解答题
1
1 ln x
1
ln
y1
P
x
y1
y2
P
x
y2
q
x
,
q x q x ,由 q x 0 可知 1 ,
②
由①②求解得 1 ,故应选(A)． 2
(3)【答案】 (B).
【解析】 f g(x) f g(x) g (x) ,
f g(x) f g(x) g (x) f g(x) g (x) 2 f g(x) g (x)

2010年考研数学一真题与答案

2010年考研数学一真题一、选择题（1~8小题，每小题4分，共32分。

下列每题给出的四个选项中，只有一个选项是符合题目要求的。

）(1)极限limx→∞[x2(x−a)(x+b)]x=(A)1 (B)e (C)e a−b(D)e b−a 【考点】C。

【解析】【方法一】这是一个“1∞”型极限lim x→∞[x2(x−a)(x+b)]x=limx→∞{[1+(a−b)x+ab(x−a)(x+b)](x−a)(x+b)(a−b)x+ab}(a−b)x+ab(x−a)(x+b)x=e a−b【方法二】原式=limx→∞e xlnx2(x−a)(x+b)而limx→∞ xln x2(x−a)(x+b)=limx→∞xln(1+(a−b)x+ab(x−a)(x+b))=limx→∞x∙(a−b)x+ab(x−a)(x+b)(等价无穷小代换) =a−b则limx→∞[x2(x−a)(x+b)]x=e a−b【方法三】对于“1∞”型极限可利用基本结论：若limα(x)=0, limβ(x)=0,且limα(x)β(x)=A 则li m(1+α(x))β(x)=e A,求极限由于limx→∞α(x)β(x)=limx→∞x2−(x−a)(x+b)(x−a)(x+b)∙x=limx→∞(a−b)x2+abx(x−a)(x+b)=a−b则limx→∞[x2(x−a)(x+b)]x=e a−b【方法四】lim x→∞[x2(x−a)(x+b)]x=limx→∞[(x−a)(x+b)x2]−x=limx→∞(1−ax)−x∙limx→∞(1+bx)−x=e a∙e−b=e a−b综上所述，本题正确答案是C。

【考点】高等数学—函数、极限、连续—无穷小量的性质及无穷小量的比较，极限的四则运算，两个重要极限(2)设函数z=z(x,y)由方程F(yx ,zx)=0确定，其中F为可微函数，且f′′2≠0,则xðzðx +yðzðy=。

2010年全国2卷高考真题(含答案)英语

2010年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语第一卷（选择题）第一部分英语知识运用（共三节，满分50分）第一节语音知识（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，找出其划线部分与所给单词的划线部分读音相同的选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

1. come A. cold B. cock C. comfort D. improve2. dead A. eager B. great C. least D. health3. united A. use B. ugly C. upstairs D. put4. ours A. outside B. cousins C. nervous D. clocks5. thirty A. theatre C. although D. feather第二节语法和词汇知识（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）6. - Is it all right if I keep this photo?- _______.A. No, you don’tB. No, it sh ouldn’tC. I’m afraid notD. Don’t keep it7. Tom was about to close the windows ___ __ his attention was caught by a bird.A. whenB. ifC. andD. till8. My mother opened the drawer to _________ the knives and spoons.A. put awayB. put upC. put onD. put together9. Barbara is easy to recognize as she’s the only of the women who ____ evening dress.A. wearB. wearsC. has wornD. have worn10 - Have you finished the book?- No. I’ve read up to _____ the ch ildren discover the secret cave.A. whichB. whatC. thatD. where11. Though ______ to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome.A. surpriseB. was surprisedC. surprisedD. being surprised12. Neither side is prepared to talk to _____ unless we can smooth thing over between them.A. othersB. the otherC. anotherD. one other13. The island is ____ attractive in spring and autumn because of the pleasant weather in both seasons.A. partlyB. merelyC. nearlyD. equally14. The doctor thought ____ would be good for you to have a holiday.A. thisB. thatC. oneD. it15. Linda, make sure the tables ____ before the guests arrive.A. be setB. setC. are setD. are setting16. I refuse to accept the blame for somet hing _____ was someone else’s fault.A. whoB. thatC. asD. what17. I’m afraid Mr. Harding ____ see you now. H e’s busy.A. can’tB. mustn’tC. shouldn’tD. needn’t18. - Can I help you? Are you looking for anything in particular today?- _____. W e’re just looking.A. Yes, pleaseB. No, thank youC. Yes, you canD. No, you needn’t19. Excuse me. I I was blocking your way.A. didn’t realizeB. don’t realizeC. haven’t realizedD. wasn’t realizing20. Mr. Black is very happy because the clothes made in his factory have never been .A. popularB. more popularC. most popularD. the most popular第三节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1. 5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。