译林版初中英语八年级上册期末复习Units5-8单元知识点梳理归纳
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译林版初中英语八年级上册期末复习Units5-8单元知识点梳理归纳译林版初中英语八年级上册Unit5 Wild animals知识点梳理【词形变化】
1.die vi.死→dead adj.死的→death n.死,死亡
2.mean vt.意思是,意味着→meaning n.意思→meaningful adj.有意义的
→meaningless adj.无意义的
3.born adj.出生的→birth n.出生
4.beginning n.开始,起初→begin vt.&vi.开始
5.sadly adv.令人遗憾地;伤心地→sad adj.伤心的,难过的→sadness n.伤心,悲伤6.mainly adv.主要地,大部分→main adj.主要的
7.danger n.危险→dangerous adj.危险的
8.action n.行动;行为→act vt.& vi.行动,表演→active adj.积极的,活跃的→actively adv.积极地,活跃地
9.closed adj.关闭的→close vt.&vi.关,关闭→close adj.紧密的,亲密的→closely adv.紧密地
10.lost adj.迷路的,迷失的→lose vt.遗失,失去
11.hunter n.猎人→hunt vt.& vi.打猎,猎杀
12.living n.生存,生计→living adj.活的,现存的→live vi.居住,生活13.illness n.疾病→ill adj.生病的
14.slowly adv.缓慢地→slow adj.缓慢的
【重点短语】
1.live in the wild 生活在野外
2.have/take pity on wild animals 同情野生动物
3.at four months old 在四个月大时4.weigh over 35 kilograms 重达35公斤多5.for the first time 第一次6.in the beginning 一开始
7.learn to look after oneself 学会照顾自己
8.live on a special kind of bamboo 以一种特殊的竹子为生9.as a result 因此
10.in danger 处境危险11.take action right away 马上采取行动
12.build more panda reserves 建造更多的熊猫自然保护区
13.make laws to protect pandas 制定法律保护大熊猫14.at birth 出生时,诞生时15.work out easy Maths problems 算出简单的数学问题
16.with the help of their mouth and ears 借助于它们的嘴巴和耳朵
17.get lost 迷路18.be dangerous to humans 对人类有危险
19.lose their lives 丧失他们的生命20.in the daytime 在白天
【重点句型】
1.So could you please not eat them?(P56)
句意:所以请你不要吃掉它们好吗?Could you please…?意为“请你……好吗?”,其中Could不表示过去,只表示比can更有礼貌的请求,属非正式请求,语气较委婉;please 之后要接动词原形,其否定形式是在please之后加not,即Could you please not…?其肯定回答常用Sure./Certainly./of course,I'd love to.其否定回答常用Sorry.…如:
一Could you please teach me how to swim? 请你教我如何游泳好吗?
一Certainly.当然可以。
一Could you please open the window? 请你打开窗户好吗?
一Sorry, I can’t open it because the windows are locked on the train.
对不起,我打不开,因为火车上的窗户都锁上了。
Could you please not talk loudly in class?请你不要在课堂上大声说话好吗?
2.As a result, pandas may not have a place to live in or food to eat(P58)
句意为:因此,大熊猫可能无处生存,无以为食。
此处的动词不定式to live和to eat 在句中作后置定语,分别修饰名词a place和food。
当动词不定式或动词不定式短语作定语时,要放在被修饰词之后。
如: He was the last one to come.他是最后一个来的。
Do you have anything to talk about?你有什么要谈的吗?
另外,句中的as a result意为“因此”,单独使用。
后面一般用逗号隔开,作为一个最
终结果,不能连接两个句子。
as a result of...意为“由于……”,后面接名词或名词
性短语。
如:
He worked hard at his study.As a result,he passed the exam easily.
他在学业上很努力,因此,他顺利地通过了考试。
He was late as a result of the heavy snow.由于大雪他迟到了。
3.The horse is standing with its eyes closed.(P61)
句意:马闭着眼睛站着。
这句话用了with的复合结构在句中作伴随状语。
该结构的
形式为:with+sb./sth.+形容词。
另外,这句话中的closed是形容词,意为“关闭的”.其反义词为open,意为“开着的”。
如:
He likes sleeping with the windows closed.他喜欢关着窗户睡觉。
She went out with the door open yesterday.她昨天出去时门开着。
4.Yes,but sometimes they forget where to find the food. (P62)
句意:是的,但有时它们会忘记到哪里去找食物。
这句话的主语是they,谓语是forget,宾语是whereto find the food。
这里的宾语用的是“疑问词+动词不定式”结构,该结构可以与宾语从句进行互相转换,即由简单句变成主从复合句。
如:
I don’t know what to do.我不知道做什么。
Can you tell me how to get there?=Can you tell me how I can get there?
你能告诉我怎样到那儿吗?
5.Otherwise,there may be no bears left in the world. (P67)
句意:否则世界上可能不会有熊了。
此句话用了句式“there be…left”相当于have…left,表示“剩下某物”,left是leave的过去分词,此处为形容词,修饰名词或不定代词时常后置。
如:There’s nothing lef t in the fridge.冰箱里什么东西也没有了。
The farmers had almost nothing left in the field after the rainstorm.
暴风雨过后农民田里的庄稼几乎什么都没有剩下。
【重点语法】
情态动词may的用法
当我们要表达“某人可能做某事”或“将来某事可能会发生”时,就可以用情态动词may。
如:
You may be right.你可能是对的。
He is away on business.He may not come to the party this evening.
他出差了,可能不会来参加今晚的聚会。
1.may是情态动词,无人称和数的变化,在句中不能单独作谓语,必须与其后的动词原形一起充当句子的谓语。
如:
Mary may know the answer to the question.玛丽可能知道这个问题的答案。
2.may表示“可能”时,通常只用于肯定句和否定句中,相当于possibly,perhaps或maybe。
如:
They may go to the Great Wan next week.他们可能下周去长城。
He may not be at home tonight.今晚他可能不在家。
3.may还可以用在疑问句中表示“请求”或用在肯定句中
表示许可。
如:
May I come in? 我可以进来吗?
You may go to the cinema this evening.你今晚可以去看电影。
4.在回答may表示请求的一般疑问句时,肯定回答用Yes,主语+can/certainly/of course.,否定回答用No,主语+mustn’t/can’t.如:
May I use your bike?我可以用一下你的自行车吗?
一Yes.of course.Here you are.当然可以,给你。
一MayI play computer games now? 我现在可以玩电脑游戏吗?
一No.you can’t.You must finish your homework first.
不,不可以。
你必须先完成家庭作业。
动词不定式作宾语
1.概念
当句子中已经有谓语动词,而我们又要表达不止一个动作的概念时,其余的动词可以用非谓语形式表达。
动词不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式,其基本形式是“to+动词原形”,否定形式是“not to+动词原形”。
如:
He wants to play football after class.他想课后踢足球。
The teacher told me not to be late again.老师叫我不要再迟到。
2.用法
(1)动词不定式没有人称和数的变化,不受主语的人称和谓语动词时态变化的影响。
在句中不能单独作谓语,但仍然保留动词的特点。
它可以有自己的宾语和状语,不定式及其宾语或状语构成不定式短语。
如:
We must try to do well in every subject.我们必须尽力学好每一门学科。
My mother told me not to play football in the street.妈妈让我不要在街上踢足球。
(2)动词不定式作主语
动词不定式可作句子的主语,作主语时有时用it作形式主语,将动词不定式放在谓语之后。
如要说明动词不定式的动作是谁做的,可在不定式前加一个介词for构成的短语。
如:
To learn aforeign language is not easy.=It’s not easy to learn a foreign language.
学习一门外语并不容易。
It’s important for us to learn English well.我们学好英语很重要。
(3)动词不定式作宾语
动词不定式在句中常作谓语动词的宾语,这一类谓语动词常见的有:如:
I decided to visit my grandparents this weekend.我决定这个周末去看望爷爷奶奶。
有时动词不定式可以和疑问词一起充当谓语动词的宾语。
如:
He doesn’t know what to do next.他不知道下一步该做什么。
译林版初中英语八年级上册Unit6 Birdwatching知识点梳理【重点短语】
1. take part in 参加provide ... for 为……提供
2. all year round 一年到头
3. for a short stay 为了短暂的停留
4. in order to 为了,以便
5. lead to 导致
6. less and less 越来越少
7. keep doing sth. 保持(做某事)
8. once a year 一年一次9. invite ... to 邀请……去10. write down 记下,写下
11. take photos 照相12. advise sb. to do sth. 劝说某人做某事
13. different kinds of 多种多样的14. not only ... but also 不仅……而且
15. all over the world 全世界16. take ... with 随身带着……17. bird show 鸟展
18. application form 申请表19. date of birth 出生日期20. free time 空闲时间
【重点句型】
1. Many birds live in Zhalong all year round, while some go there only for a short stay.
许多鸟长年生活在扎龙,而有些鸟只是去那儿作短暂的停留。
2. Most birds are active in the daytime, so you can easily watch them there.
大部分的鸟白天活跃,因此你可以轻而易举地在那里观察它们。
3. Some people want to make the wetlands smaller in order to have more space for farms and buildings.有些人想减少湿地面积,以便为农场和房屋挪出更大的地方。
4. Take a notebook with you in order to write down what you see.
随身带上一本笔记本,以便记下你看见的东西。
5. We should protect the wetlands not only because they are home to many plants, birds and animals, but also because they are important to the health of people all over the world. 我们应该保护湿地,不仅因为湿地是许多植物、鸟类和动物的栖息地,而且因为湿地对全世界人民的健康很重要。
6. Usually it takes hours to watch the birds.通常观鸟要花几小时。
7. I am very interested in learning about different kinds of plants, birds and animals.
我对了解各种植物、鸟类和动物很有兴趣。
8. I will be very happy if I can become a member of the Birdwatching Society.
如果我能成为观鸟协会的一员,我将十分高兴。
【重点语法】
1. 动词不定式作目的状语
动词不定式可用来表示某一动作或状态的目的。
[例题1]
I often go to Beijing ________ (visit) the Great Wall at weekends.答案:to visit
[例题2]
We must do everything we can ________ the Earth clean.
A. keep
B. to keeping
C. kept
D. to keep 答案:D
为使表达更清楚或对目的加以强调,还可以在动词前面用in order to。
*注:由in order to引导的目的状语,既可以置于句尾,也可以置于句首。
[例题1]
I got up early this morning in order ________ (catch) the early bus. 答案:to catch [例题2]
In order ________ (pass) the exam, he studied hard. 答案:to pass
2. 动词不定式作宾语补足语
动词不定式可以用来说明宾语的情况,此时动词不定式在句中作宾语补足语。
动词不定式作宾语补足语,有带to和不带to两种形式。
具体分类见表2:
[例题1]
We invited Mr Wu ________ (give) us a talk about goldfish.答案:to give
[例题2]
I often hear someone ________ (sing) next door.答案:sing
[例题3]
Let them ________ (think) over the plan carefully.答案:think
[例题4]
I often help my classmates ________ (clean) the classroom.答案:clean/to clean
译林版初中英语八年级上册Unit7 Seasons知识点梳理【重点短语】
1. go swimming 去游泳
2. be full of 充满
3. forget to do sth. 忘了做某事
4. forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事
5. far away 很远(处)
6. hide from 躲避
7. once again 再一次8. rhyme with 与……押韵9. most of ……中的大多数
10. be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事11. fly a kite 放风筝12. in the sky 在空中
13. make breakfast 做早饭14. wake up 醒来15. catch a cold 得感冒
16. have a high fever 发高烧17. take to 带给18. late afternoon 下午晚些时候
19. stay with 与……待在一起20. cover ... with 给……盖上21. have to 不得不
【重点句型】
1. I bet you'll look cool and feel cool with nothing on!
我敢说什么都不穿,你会看起来很酷(凉快),感觉也很酷(凉快)!
2. It’s the best time to play football outside.
(秋季)是在外踢足球的最好的时候。
3. Winter days are full of snow, when trees and flowers forget to grow, and the birds fly far away to find a warm and sunny day.
冬天满是雪,这时树和花都忘记了生长,鸟儿飞向远方去寻找温暖、明媚的天堂。
4. The days of spring are windy and bright. What a perfect time to fly a kite!
春天风和日丽,正是放风筝的好时节!
5. The wind will be stronger and the temperature will drop below zero, to -10℃.
风力增强,气温将降至零度以下,达到零下10度。
6. It will be a beautiful, hot day again today, with temperatures in the thirties.
今天又是一个美丽而又炎热的日子,气温达到了三十几度。
7. This is Aunt Jane speaking.我是简阿姨。
8. We throw snowballs at each other, screaming and laughing.
我们向对方扔雪球,叫着、笑着。
【重点语法】
英语的五种基本句型:
①连系动词
连系动词主要是指be动词、感官动词(look、sound、feel、smell、taste)和表示“变、变成”的动词(become、get、grow、turn)。
通常结构为:S +V + P(主+系+表)。
②行为动词
行为动词可分为及物动词和不及物动词。
有四种基本句型:
1) S + V(主+谓),谓语动词是不及物动词
2) S + V + O(主+谓+宾),谓语动词是及物动词
3) S + V + IO + DO(主+谓+间宾+直宾),谓语动词是及物动词;这个结构也可以用to/for转换为S + V + DO + IO。
*注:能与to搭配的动词有:bring、feed、give、hand、lend、offer、pass、pay、post、read、sell、send、show、take、teach、tell、write等。
能与for搭配的动词有:bring、build、buy、cook、find、get、leave、make、order、pick、save等。
4) S + V + DO + OC(主+谓+直宾+宾补),谓语动词是及物动词
[例题]
判断下列句子属于哪种句型。
( )1. I like French fries.
( )2. My father often tells me stories.
( )3. I saw him singing the song.
( )4. He runs every day.
( )5. The food tastes delicious.
答案:CDEBA
译林版初中英语八年级上册Unit8 Natural disasters知识点梳理【重点短语】
1. natural disaster 自然灾害
2. start to do sth开始做某事
3. thousands of 成千上万的
4. wash away 冲走
5. car accident 汽车事故
6. fall from 从……掉下
7. hear about 听说8. catch fire 着火9. in fear 惊恐地
10. in all directions 四面八方11. come down 坍塌12. say to oneself 自言自语
13. find one’s way out 找到出路14. not ... at all 一点也不15. break down 出故障16. as soon as possible 尽快17. on fire 着火18. protect/keep ... from 保护……免受19. traffic rules 交通规则20. traffic accidents 交通事故
21. share ... with 与……分享……22. fall over 跌倒
【重点句型】
1. I was sleeping when it started to rain.天开始下雨时,我正在睡觉。
2. Who will mop up the water if I go home without you?
要是我不带你回家,谁把水拖干净呢?
3. There was a heavy storm with thunder and lightning.
有一场伴有雷鸣和闪电的暴风雨。
4. I tired my best to run out too, but I could not.
我也尽我最大的努力往外跑,但是我跑不出去。
5. Outside, people were running in all directions while pieces of glass and bricks were falling down.外面,人们正在向四面八方跑的时候,玻璃碎片和砖块正在掉落。
6. A moment of fear went through my mind, but I told myself to calm down since I was still alive.我的脑中掠过一阵恐惧,但我告诉自己要冷静,因为我还活着。
7. Sandy, I saw you and your parents standing on the side of the road.
桑迪,我看见你和你父母站在马路边。
8. What should we do if our building is on fire?
如果我们的房子着火了,我们该怎么办?
9. People were trying to clear the snow from the streets.人们在努力清除街上的积雪。
10. My parents could not get home that night because of the heavy snow, so
Millie asked me to go to her home.
那晚由于大雪,我父母无法回家,于是米莉让我去她家。
【重点语法】
1. 动词的过去进行时
过去进行时用来表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作或过去某一阶段一直在进行的动作。
肯定结构是由“was/were +现在分词”构成;否定结构是由“was/were + not +现在分词”构成。
[例题1]
— ________ the doctor ________ (watch) TV at that time?
— No, he ________ (search) for some useful information on the Internet.
答案:Was; watching; was searching
[例题2]
Jim ________ (not play) football in the playground at four yesterday afternoon.
答案:wasn't playing
*注:有些动词通常不用于进行时,如表1所示:
表1:通常不用进行时的四类动词
2. when、while、as、when、while、as均可用作连词,引导时间状语从句。
区别用法如下:
1) 指一段时间时,when、while和as都可用;指一点时间时,只能用when或as;
2) when引导的从句的谓语动作可以在主句谓语动作之前、之后或同时发生;while 和as引导的从句的谓语动作必须是和主句谓语动作同时发生;
3) 当主、从句动作同时发生且从句动作为延续性动词时,when、while和as都可使用;
4) 强调两个动作同时进行,常用“过去进行时+ while +过去进行时”结构;
5) 强调某个动作发生的时候,另一个动作正在进行,常用“一般过去时+ while +过去进行时”结构;
6) 强调某个动作发生的时候,另一个动作突然发生,常用“过去进行时+ when +一般过去时”结构;
7) as有“随着……”,“一边……,一边……”之意。
[例题]
根据句意,选用when、while或as填空,使句子完整、通顺(有的空答案不唯一)。
1. We were watching TV ________ she came in.
2. ________ the day went on, the weather got worse.
3. The singer waved to us ________ she was singing the song.
4. My mother was cooking ________ my father was watching TV at this time yesterday.
5. ________ Jim was sleeping, the telephone rang.
6. The little girls sang ________ they played.
答案:
1. when
2. As
3. while/when/as
4. while/when/as
5. While/When/As
6. as。